61:20693 Chen,
Zaihua. A discussion of the comprehensive index of women's
status. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 6, No. 2,
1994. 211-21 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"As a complex system
with multiple indexes, women's status must be evaluated by the use of
comprehensive indexes and systematic analysis....An evaluation of
Chinese women's status in 1990 was carried out using the comprehensive
index established in this article and data from the 1990 census and the
Survey of Chinese Women's Social
Status...."
Correspondence: Z. Chen, Beijing College of
Economics, Research Institute of Population Economics, Beijing, China.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20694 Creedy,
John; Taylor, Penelope S. Population ageing and social
expenditure in Australia. Australian Economic Review, No. 103,
Jul-Sep 1993. 56-68 pp. Parkville, Australia. In Eng.
Questions
concerning the impact of demographic aging on the dependency burden in
Australia are examined. "This article shows that the social
expenditure to GDP ratio is heavily dependent on assumptions made about
real spending growth, productivity growth, unemployment and
participation rates. It produces a framework that makes the
assumptions underlying the projections clear and enables the results of
changing the assumptions to be easily compared. The projected ratios
are significantly higher than those obtained in previous Australian
studies."
Correspondence: J. Creedy, University of
Melbourne, Department of Economics, Parkville, Victoria 3052,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
61:20695 Kishor,
Sunita. Autonomy and Egyptian women: findings from the
1988 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey. DHS Occasional Paper,
No. 2, Jan 1995. xiii, 56 pp. Macro International, Demographic and
Health Surveys [DHS]: Calverton, Maryland. In Eng.
"In this study,
data from the 1988 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS-1988) are
used to explore the multidimensionality of Egyptian women's autonomy."
Three indices of women's autonomy are defined and utilized to perform
two separate analyses. "The first examines whether the different
dimensions of women's autonomy as measured by the three indices are
equally associated with two demographic outcomes, i.e., the use of
contraception by women and the survival of children up to the age of
five. The second identifies factors that explain the cross-sectional
variation in each separate index of autonomy. The latter analysis is
done by using ordered logit estimation techniques and regressing each
index of autonomy on several modernization, economic and cultural
factors as well as on the other two dimensions of
autonomy."
Correspondence: Macro International, Demographic
and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Calverton, MD 20705-3119.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20696 Meeker,
Jeffrey; Meekers, Dominique. The precarious socio-economic
position of women in rural Africa: the case of the Kaguru of
Tanzania. Population Research Institute Working Paper in African
Demography, No. AD95-03, Jan 1995. 30 pp. Pennsylvania State
University, Population Research Institute: University Park,
Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"This study uses ethnographic interviews to
gain a better understanding of the household complexities and the other
aspects of daily life that may affect the educational and
income-earning opportunities of rural Kaguru women [in Tanzania], and
discusses the policy implications of these findings....The...discussion
is organized into five sections: 1. educational opportunities and
obstacles, 2. food production and household work, 3. gender
inequalities in access to agricultural and household resources, 4.
income-earning work, and 5. gender inequality in access to
income-earning opportunities."
Correspondence: Pennsylvania
State University, Population Research Institute, 601 Oswald Tower,
University Park, PA 16802-6411. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
61:20697 Niraula,
Bhanu B. Old age security and inheritance in Nepal:
motives versus means. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 27, No.
1, Jan 1995. 71-8 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"This paper
documents expectations of old age support in rural Nepal. Current
living arrangements of the elderly have been analysed with a focus on
the ownership of land holdings. It is argued that the
intergenerational transfer of property through inheritance from the
older to the younger generation, especially among sons, together with
the Nepali normative prescription that sons care for their aged
parents, provides a mechanism for old age support. However, land is
becoming a scarce resource, cultural traditions are breaking down
through modernisation and the living conditions of the elderly are
likely to deteriorate as this process
continues."
Correspondence: B. B. Niraula, University of
Pennsylvania, Population Studies Center, 3718 Locust Walk,
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6298. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
61:20698 United
Nations. Economic Commission for Africa [ECA]. Population Division.
Planning and Policies Section (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia).
Manual for the integration of population factors in human resource
development with particular reference to educational sector
planning. African Population Studies Series, No. 12;
E/ECA/SER.A/10, 1994. ix, 103 pp. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In Eng.
This manual concerns educational sector planning and how to include
population factors in the planning process. Particular attention is
given to the use of models in the planning
process.
Correspondence: UN Economic Commission for Africa,
Population Division, Planning and Policies Section, P.O. Box 3001,
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
61:20699 van Praag,
B.; van Dalen, H.; Lutz, W. Aging populations and social
challenges. IIASA Collaborative Paper, No. CP-94-7, Apr 1994. vi,
47 pp. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [IIASA]:
Laxenburg, Austria. In Eng.
This is one of six papers presented at
IIASA's twentieth anniversary conference, held May 12-13 1992. This
paper concerns the social challenges posed by aging populations in
developed countries. The topics discussed include social security for
the aged, how to pay for it, and the role of international migration as
a solution.
Correspondence: International Institute for
Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20700 von Hagen,
Jurgen; Walz, Uwe. Social security and migration in an
ageing Europe. CEPR Discussion Paper, No. 1022, Sep 1994. [iv], 28
pp. Centre for Economic Policy Research [CEPR]: London, England. In
Eng.
"The European ageing process will lead to a dramatic rise in
dependency ratios over the next decades. At the same time labour
mobility will increase as a result of greater European economic
integration. We analyse the implications of migration and ageing for
European social security systems."
Correspondence: Centre
for Economic Policy Research, 25-28 Old Burlington Street, London W1X
1LB, England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20701 Yang,
Yaosheng. On the relationship between traditional culture
and population in China. Chinese Journal of Population Science,
Vol. 6, No. 2, 1994. 129-41 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"In
China, the development of population has been effected not only by
agricultural civilization but also, more importantly, by the Chinese
cultural tradition. That is to say, the process of population
development in China has been stamped with the general brand of
agricultural civilization and conditioned by the unique Chinese
cultural tradition, and the influence of the latter can still be felt
so strongly today that it deserves a careful
examination."
Correspondence: Y. Yang, Chinese Academy of
Social Sciences, Population Research Institute, 5 Jianguomen Nei Da Jie
5 Hao, Beijing, China. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
61:20702 Yang,
Yuechen. A preliminary study on the correlation between
population size and educational level. Chinese Journal of
Population Science, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1994. 143-53 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
"This article provides a preliminary analysis of the
correlation between population size (including population structure)
and the level of education in the population. An extremely important
inference has been derived from the analysis: the fundamental solution
for China's population problems lies in improving the educational level
of the entire population."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
61:20703 Zeng,
Yi. An examination of reforms on the social security
system of retirement based on practices in Hainan province.
Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 6, No. 4, 1994. 323-31 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"The first task of this article is to
analyze and dissect the seven major drawbacks of the current disjointed
retirement system [in China] characterized by collection of pension for
immediate distribution. This will be followed by an introduction of
the reforms on the social security system of elderly support for
enterprise retirees carried out in Hainan Province and specific social
security and elderly support practices by private businesses in Haikou,
capital city of Hainan Province....Special inquiries are made regarding
the necessity and feasibility of establishing a national uniform social
security system of elderly support covering civil servants, enterprise
workers, private business owners, managers, and employees and
farmers."
Correspondence: Y. Zeng, Beijing University,
Institute of Population Research, Beijing, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20704 Zeng,
Yi. China's agenda for support of the elderly in rural
areas. In: Low fertility in East and Southeast Asia: issues and
policies. Aug 1994. 139-50 pp. Korea Institute for Health and Social
Affairs [KIHASA]: Seoul, Korea, Republic of. In Eng.
"This chapter
describes the establishment of a pioneering old age security scheme [in
China] that was recently started in the rural areas of Shandong
province, outlines the problems that have been encountered and
considers how the scheme can be expanded."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20705 Ben-Meir,
Alon. Israelis and Palestinians: harsh demographic
reality and peace. Strategic Review, Vol. 21, No. 3, Summer 1993.
47-57 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Maintaining the separate
national identities of both Israel and any future Palestinian 'entity'
that might be established in the West Bank and Gaza is critical to
resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. These national identities,
however, are affected in diametrically opposite ways by current and
future demographic factors and by the interdispersement of Israeli and
Palestinian populations. Because of the stark demographic realities and
the projected Israeli and Palestinian population growth, any solution
to the conflict will have to be based on the coexistence of Israelis
and Palestinians under separate political authority; independent
authority over agreed-upon territory delineated by political lines; the
free movement of people across both sides of the political borders; and
an understanding that any agreement between Israelis and Palestinians
should not preclude future political association between the
Palestinian entity and Jordan."
Correspondence: A.
Ben-Meir, New School for Social Research, Department of Political
Science, 66 West 12th Street, New York, NY 10011. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
61:20706 Armenian,
Haroutune K. Health information system: diversity of data
and need for integration. In: Measurement of maternal and child
mortality, morbidity and health care: interdisciplinary approaches,
edited by J. Ties Boerma. [1994]. 13-25 pp. Ordina Editions: Liege,
Belgium; International Union for the Scientific Study of Population
[IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"This paper will review some
alternative approaches for health information systems, illustrate the
diversity of sources and methods used by such systems, and, in
conclusion, highlight the need for integrative approaches to health
information." The geographical scope is
worldwide.
Correspondence: H. K. Armenian, Johns Hopkins
University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, 615 North Wolfe
Street, Baltimore, MD 21205. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
61:20707 Bartecchi,
Carl E.; MacKenzie, Thomas D.; Schrier, Robert W. The
global tobacco epidemic. Scientific American, Vol. 272, No. 5, May
1995. 44-51 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
A general review of
global trends in cigarette smoking is presented, and smoking's negative
effects are described. The authors note that despite growing awareness
of the dangers of smoking, "cigarette smoking has stopped declining in
the U.S. and is rising in other parts of the world. Aggressive
marketing and permissive regulations are largely to
blame."
Correspondence: C. E. Bartecchi, University of
Colorado School of Medicine, C281, 4200 East 9th Avenue, Denver, CO
80262. Location: Princeton University Library (SW).
61:20708 Boerma, J.
Ties; Van Ginneken, Jeroen K. Comparison of substantive
results from demographic and epidemiological survey methods. In:
Measurement of maternal and child mortality, morbidity and health care:
interdisciplinary approaches, edited by J. Ties Boerma. [1994]. 27-60
pp. Ordina Editions: Liege, Belgium; International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"This paper compares the substantive results of epidemiological and
demographic studies, while exploring the key methodological issues that
arise in making such comparisons. While there are a wide range of
topics common to both disciplines, this review will be limited to just
four areas: morbidity due to diarrhoea, morbidity due to lower
respiratory infections, immunization coverage, and neonatal tetanus
mortality." The focus is on developing
countries.
Correspondence: J. T. Boerma, Macro
International, Institute for Resource Development, 11785 Beltsville
Drive, Suite 300, Columbia, MD 20705. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
61:20709 Boerma, J.
Ties. Measurement of maternal and child mortality,
morbidity and health care: interdisciplinary approaches. ISBN
2-87040-047-0. [1994]. 427 pp. Ordina Editions: Liege, Belgium;
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
This is a selection of papers presented at
a 1991 seminar held in Cairo, Egypt, which focused on methodological
issues in the collection of data on maternal and child health, with an
interdisciplinary perspective. "The first section includes various
approaches to data collection from demographic, epidemiological, and
anthropological perspectives. The second section deals with the
measurement of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity, while
the third section focuses on provider-based data."
Selected items
will be cited in this or subsequent issues of Population
Index.
Correspondence: Ordina Editions, 10 place Saint
Jacques, 4000 Liege, Belgium. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
61:20710 Boerma, J.
Ties; Rashad, Hoda; Gray, Ronald H. Measurement of
maternal and child mortality, morbidity and health care:
introduction. In: Measurement of maternal and child mortality,
morbidity and health care: interdisciplinary approaches, edited by J.
Ties Boerma. [1994]. 1-12 pp. Ordina Editions: Liege, Belgium;
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
The authors briefly review the papers in
this volume, which is the result of a 1991 seminar on methodological
issues in the collection of data on maternal and child health. Aspects
considered include approaches to data collection, maternal and
perinatal health, and provider-based data.
Correspondence:
J. T. Boerma, Macro International, Institute for Resource Development,
11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Columbia, MD 20705.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20711 Brabin,
Loretta; Kemp, Julia; Obunge, Orikomaba K.; Ikimalo, John; Dollimore,
Nicola; Odu, Ngozi N.; Hart, C. Anthony; Briggs, Nimi D.
Reproductive tract infections and abortion among adolescent girls
in rural Nigeria. Lancet, Vol. 345, No. 8945, Feb 4, 1995. 300-4
pp. New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
Levels of
reproductive health and induced abortion in Nigeria are analyzed using
data for 868 women, of which 410 were aged 12-19, in a rural community
in Rivers State. The data were collected in 1992. "43.6% of those
[under age 17] and 80.1% aged 17-19 years were sexually active and at
least 24.1% had undergone an induced abortion; only 5.3% had ever used
a modern contraceptive....42.1% of sexually active adolescents had
experienced either an abortion or a sexually transmitted
disease."
Correspondence: L. Brabin, Liverpool School of
Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
61:20712 Brown, Tim;
Sittitrai, Werasit; Vanichseni, Suphak; Thisyakorn, Usa.
The recent epidemiology of HIV and AIDS in Thailand. East-West
Center Reprints: Population Series, No. 304, ISBN 1-87048-574-2. 1994.
[11] pp. East-West Center, Program on Population [POP]: Honolulu,
Hawaii. In Eng.
"By the time Weniger et al. had produced their 1991
review of the epidemiology of HIV and AIDS in Thailand, the prevailing
patterns of the Thai epidemic were well defined....This paper will
update the situation, focusing on changes that have occurred since
then, such as the declines in STDs and the rise in maternal and
pediatric HIV and AIDS....From the results presented here, it is clear
that the epidemic in Thailand has firmly established itself in the
general population and will soon have substantial medical, social, and
economic effects at the community and household levels."
This paper
is reprinted from AIDS (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), Vol. 8, Suppl. 2,
Aug 1994, pp. S131-41.
Correspondence: East-West Center,
Program on Population, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20713 Centro de
Estudios de Poblacion y Paternidad Responsable [CEPAR] (Quito,
Ecuador). Population, health, and nutrition in
Ecuador. [Poblacion, salud y nutricion en el Ecuador.] Mar 1992.
72 pp. Quito, Ecuador. In Spa.
This study presents an analysis of
the interrelations among demographic factors, health, and nutrition in
Ecuador, with a focus on mothers and children. Data are primarily from
censuses and surveys. Information is provided on health resources;
mortality, including infant, child, and maternal; maternal-child
health; and nutrition in various regions of the
country.
Correspondence: Centro de Estudios de Poblacion y
Paternidad Responsable, Toribio Montes 423 y Daniel Hidalgo, Casilla
No. 17-01-2327, Quito, Ecuador. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
61:20714 Corbin,
Jinkie; Ryan, Anne; Seybolt, Peggy; Rudolph, David; Stanecki, Karen;
Way, Peter O. Recent HIV seroprevalence levels by country:
June 1994. CIR Health Studies Branch Research Note, No. 13, Jun
1994. v, 45 pp. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Center for International
Research [CIR]: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This report presents
information from the semiannual update of the U.S. Bureau of the
Census's database on HIV seroprevalence in developing countries. The
report includes "summary tables showing seroprevalence estimates for
high and low-risk population groups in major cities and rural areas for
all countries. Tables are provided for HIV-1 and HIV-2, where
available. Urban data for Africa have been plotted on maps as well,
showing the distribution by country. A section reviewing the spread of
HIV in Southern Africa is also included. A brief review of data
quality issues and discussion of selection criteria follows."
For a
previous report for December 1993, see 60:40724.
Correspondence: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Center for
International Research, Health Studies Branch, Washington, D.C.
20233-3700. Location: Brown University, PSTC Library,
Providence, RI.
61:20715 Corbin,
Jinkie; Ryan, Anne. Trends and patterns of HIV/AIDS
infection in selected developing countries: country profiles, June
1994. CIR Health Studies Branch Research Note, No. 14, Jun 1994.
[100] pp. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Center for International Research
[CIR]: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This paper presents a series of
country profiles compiled from the U.S. Census Bureau's database on HIV
seroprevalence in developing countries. "These country profiles examine
the patterns and trends of the epidemic using the best of the imperfect
data available. In order to minimize the biases and confusion in using
current seroprevalence estimates, we have developed several criteria to
select the most representative sample estimate: larger samples are
generally favored over smaller samples, more recent estimates are
selected over older estimates, and better documented data are usually
selected over poorly documented data. Each briefing highlights
patterns of infection within population subgroups, patterns of
infection by age, by sex, by race, and recent time trends in infection
levels."
Correspondence: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Center
for International Research, Health Studies Branch, Washington, D.C.
20233-3700. Location: Brown University, PSTC Library,
Providence, RI.
61:20716 Correa,
Hector. A model for the analysis of optimal policies to
control the AIDS epidemic. Journal of Policy Modeling, Vol. 16,
No. 1, Feb 1994. 97-111 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Several
policies have been suggested to restrain the AIDS epidemic. The object
of this paper is to present a model for selecting the most efficient or
cost-effective policy from among those proposed. Preliminary results,
obtained using available statistical data, are presented. They
indicate that it is not possible to avoid all new HIV infections, and
that the first priority to minimize new cases should be to combat the
epidemic among IV drug users through education and distribution of
needles."
Correspondence: H. Correa, University of
Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, Forbes
Quadrangle, Pittsburgh, PA 15260. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
61:20717 Denton,
Frank T.; Spencer, Byron G. Demographic change and the
cost of publicly funded health care. QSEP Research Report, No.
309, Nov 1994. 37 pp. McMaster University, Faculty of Social Sciences,
Program for Quantitative Studies in Economics and Population: Hamilton,
Canada. In Eng.
"This paper is concerned with questions relating to
demographic change (population growth and aging) and its implications
for operating a publicly funded health care system in a Canadian
setting. It provides an assessment of how prospective population
changes alone would affect the share of health care costs in total
national income in Canada over the next several decades; it provides
also an analysis of how actual patterns of hospital service provision
change in Ontario over the last decade in response to budgetary
restrictions in a period of rising demand for services. Finally, a
case is made for viewing health care as an integrated system; a
description is provided of a set of computer-based models that have
been developed to facilitate analysis of the health care system, and
illustrative projections are discussed."
Correspondence:
McMaster University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Program for
Quantitative Studies in Economics and Population, Hamilton, Ontario L8S
4M4, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20718 Fraser,
Alison M.; Brockert, John E.; Ward, R. H. Association of
young maternal age with adverse reproductive outcomes. New England
Journal of Medicine, Vol. 332, No. 17, Apr 27, 1995. 1,113-7 pp.
Boston, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"To determine whether a young age
confers an intrinsic risk of adverse outcomes of pregnancy, we
performed stratified analyses of 134,088 white girls and women, 13 to
24 years old, in Utah who delivered singleton, first-born children
between 1970 and 1990." The results show that even among a population
that was predominantly white and middle-class, "a younger age conferred
an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes that was independent of
important confounding sociodemographic
factors."
Correspondence: R. H. Ward, University of Utah,
Department of Human Genetics, 2100 Eccles Institute of Human Genetics,
Salt Lake City, UT 84112. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
61:20719 Goodburn,
Elizabeth A.; Gazi, Rukhsana; Chowdhury, Mushtaque.
Beliefs and practices regarding delivery and postpartum maternal
morbidity in rural Bangladesh. Studies in Family Planning, Vol.
26, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1995. 22-32 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Most maternal deaths occur in the puerperium and most maternal
morbidities probably also arise at that time. Maternal morbidities
occur much more frequently than maternal deaths, but very little is
known about their magnitude or causes. This study uses focus-group
discussions to explore the experiences of childbirth and postpartum
illness among rural Bangladeshi women. The women's beliefs about
disease causation, and their use of traditional health care, are
explored. The significance of the findings for the training of
traditional birth attendants and for programs of postpartum care is
discussed."
Correspondence: E. A. Goodburn, United Nations
Population Fund, 53 Rue Pasteur, Boeung Weng Kang, Phnom Penh,
Cambodia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20720 Greenhalgh,
David; Das, Rupi. Modelling epidemics with variable
contact rates. Theoretical Population Biology, Vol. 47, No. 2, Apr
1995. 129-79 pp. Orlando, Florida/Brugge, Belgium. In Eng.
"In this
paper we are concerned with modelling an infectious disease in a
population where the infected people suffer a disease-related
mortality. We present a simple mathematical model for the effect of an
endemic disease on a population. We use a compartmental model which
divides the population into classes such as susceptible, infected, and
immune individuals and use differential equations to model the spread
of the disease between these classes....This paper aims to examine
epidemic models where both the contact rate and the death rate depend
on population density....We shall attempt to answer questions such as
what conditions are necessary for the disease to persist and what are
the implications of density dependence in these parameters for the
growth or decay of the population in the presence of disease. We shall
ask whether disease can turn a growing population into a steady one or
even reverse its growth."
Correspondence: D. Greenhalgh,
University of Strathclyde, Department of Statistics and Modelling
Science, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XH,
Scotland. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
61:20721 Gupta, R.
B.; Sharma, Sanjiv; Sharma, N. K.; Gupta, Hitesh.
Immunization coverage evaluation: a comparison between WHO and
IRMS methodologies. Demography India, Vol. 22, No. 1, Jan-Jun
1993. 19-29 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"The main objective of the
present study is to compare and test the level of differences in
immunisation coverage [in four districts of Rajasthan, India]....The
study attempts to test the hypotheses that the estimation of different
immunisation coverage is affected by: (a) heterogeneity in different
socio-cultural and economic groups of population; and (b) comparatively
smaller sample size...used in WHO methodology, especially in [the] case
of large size villages."
Correspondence: R. B Gupta,
Population Council, 53 Lodi Estate, New Delhi 110 003, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20722 Hanvelt,
Robin A.; Ruedy, Natali S.; Hogg, Robert S.; Strathdee, Steffanie;
Montaner, Julio S. G.; O'Shaughnessy, Michael V.; Schechter, Martin
T. Indirect costs of HIV/AIDS mortality in Canada.
AIDS, Vol. 8, No. 10, 1994. F7-F11 pp. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In
Eng.
The objective of this study is "to estimate and compare the
societal impact of HIV infection and AIDS with other selected causes of
male mortality in terms of the indirect costs of future production
lost." Data concern "all men aged 25-64 years for whom HIV/AIDS or
another selected disease was listed as the underlying cause of death in
Canada from 1987 to 1991, as reported to Statistics Canada....Our
findings demonstrated HIV/AIDS mortality is already having a dramatic
impact on future wealth production in Canada. If the past trend
continues, the production lost in 1994 should exceed 0.86 billion 1990
U.S.$ and will account for more than 10% of the total annual loss for
men aged 25-64 years."
Correspondence: R. A. Hanvelt,
British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's
Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6,
Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20723 Inaba,
Hisashi. Estimation of the number of HIV infected in the
early stage of the epidemic and a control strategy. Jinko Mondai
Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems, Vol. 49, No. 4, Jan 1994. 23-33
pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
This study concerns the methodology for
estimating numbers of those with HIV infections at the early stages of
the epidemic, with particular reference to Japan.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20724 Kault, D.
A. Modelling AIDS reduction strategies. International
Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 24, No. 1, Feb 1995. 188-97 pp. Oxford,
England. In Eng.
"The uncertainties inherent in models of the AIDS
epidemic appear to limit their relevance to epidemiologists. However,
it is shown here that the uncertainties need not prevent models being
used to make reliable decisions about which preventive strategy will be
most effective....A range of strategies [is] simulated in a model of
the AIDS epidemic....Although varying one uncertain factor created
enormous variation in the size of the epidemic, it is remarkable that
for most preventive strategies the relative effectiveness of the
strategies was barely altered. Hence for the most part the ranking of
strategies in order of effectiveness is not affected by the area of
uncertainty explored here. The results also highlight the potential
effectiveness not only of general condom promotion, but also the use of
circumcision and spermicides and general screening or targetted
screening in sexually transmitted disease
clinics."
Correspondence: D. A. Kault, James Cook
University, Anton Breinl Centre for Tropical Health and Medicine,
Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
61:20725 Klatsky,
Arthur L.; Friedman, Gary D. Alcohol and longevity.
American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 85, No. 1, Jan 1995. 16-8 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The literature on the relationship between
drinking alcohol and longevity is reviewed. The focus is on the advice
that public health officials should give concerning alcohol drinking,
given that although moderate alcohol consumption may well be
beneficial, heavy drinking is not.
Correspondence: A. L.
Klatsky, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Division of Research,
Department of Medicine, 3505 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
61:20726 Krasovec,
Katherine. Measurement of maternal health: maternal
anthropometry. In: Measurement of maternal and child mortality,
morbidity and health care: interdisciplinary approaches, edited by J.
Ties Boerma. [1994]. 261-97 pp. Ordina Editions: Liege, Belgium;
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"Various methods currently exist for
monitoring maternal nutritional status, the most common of which are
anthropometric indicators of measurements of body composition....This
paper discusses the following anthropometric indicators of maternal
nutritional status: weight gain during pregnancy and weight gain in
relation to body mass indices (weight for height as a percentage of a
reference standard or Body Mass Index), pre-pregnancy weight, height,
arm circumference, and body mass indices in non-pregnant
women."
Correspondence: K. Krasovec, United Nations
Childrens Fund, Kigali, Rwanda. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
61:20727 Lalou,
Richard; Piche, Victor. Migration and AIDS in West Africa:
a review of current knowledge. [Migration et SIDA en Afrique de
l'Ouest: un etat des connaissances.] Les Dossiers du CEPED, No. 28,
ISBN 2-87762-069-7. Nov 1994. 53 pp. Centre Francais sur la Population
et le Developpement [CEPED]: Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The relationship between AIDS and migration is examined in the
context of Western Africa. The authors note that "labor migrants are
often unaccompanied young males, either single or separated from their
wives for long periods. First of all, spousal separation, loneliness
and poverty can be responsible for a stressful situation and enhances
high risk sexual behaviour. Illiteracy and cultural differences of
migrants diminishes the impact of AIDS messages. Finally, the
migrant's more precarious health makes him more vulnerable in terms of
blood transfusion and needle infected
risk."
Correspondence: Centre Francais sur la Population et
le Developpement, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, 75270 Paris Cedex 06,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20728 Manton,
Kenneth G.; Singer, Burton H.; Suzman, Richard M.
Forecasting the health of elderly populations. Statistics in
the Health Sciences, ISBN 0-387-97953-0. LC 92-48819. 1993. x, 371 pp.
Springer-Verlag: New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"Models to forecast changes in mortality, morbidity, and disability
in elderly populations are essential to national and state policies for
health and welfare programs. This volume presents a wide-ranging
survey of the forecasting of the health of elderly populations,
including the modeling of the incidence of chronic diseases in the
elderly, the differing perspectives of actuarial and health care
statistics, and an assessment of the impact of new technologies on the
elderly population." The primary geographical focus is on the United
States, although some consideration is given to the situation in other
developed countries.
Selected items will be cited in this or
subsequent issues of Population Index.
Correspondence:
Springer-Verlag, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20729 Manton,
Kenneth G. Health forecasting and models of aging.
In: Forecasting the health of elderly populations, edited by Kenneth G.
Manton, Burton H. Singer, and Richard M. Suzman. 1993. 79-106 pp.
Springer-Verlag: New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"This
chapter discusses statistical and mathematical forecasting techniques
that may improve health forecasts by (1) using a broad range of data
types, (2) appropriately combining data from multiple sources, and (3)
improving the biological realism of forecasts." The geographic focus
is on the United States.
Correspondence: K. G. Manton, Duke
University, Center for Demographic Studies, 2117 Campus Drive, Durham,
NC 27708-0088. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20730 Mbacke,
Cheikh. Integrating hospital and demographic data to
inform health programmes. In: Measurement of maternal and child
mortality, morbidity and health care: interdisciplinary approaches,
edited by J. Ties Boerma. [1994]. 369-85 pp. Ordina Editions: Liege,
Belgium; International Union for the Scientific Study of Population
[IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"To evaluate a health
programme...requires more information about the characteristics of the
respondent and her household than can be collected in a clinic's
routine questionnaire. This paper has shown that a single postpartum
visit to mothers, at home, can provide the needed socioeconomic data
and thus significantly increase the usefulness of routine health data
collected by maternity clinics--in particular, data on birth weight
which is otherwise almost impossible to get. It has also demonstrated
how follow-up interviews can broaden the already considerable
advantages of the preceding birth technique for studying mortality
determinants. Finally, this approach allows the study of neonatal
mortality based on the actual experience of the newborns." The
geographical focus is on Bamako, Mali.
Correspondence: C.
Mbacke, Institut du Sahel, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches sur la
Population pour le Developpement, B.P. 1530, Bamako, Mali.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20731 Newman,
Jeanne S.; Hatzell, Theresa A.; Blumenfeld, Stewart N.; Nicholas, David
D.; Heiby, James R. Assessing the quality of health
services. In: Measurement of maternal and child mortality,
morbidity and health care: interdisciplinary approaches, edited by J.
Ties Boerma. [1994]. 387-407 pp. Ordina Editions: Liege, Belgium;
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"This paper describes the methodology
originated by PRICOR [Primary Health Care Operations Research Project,
sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development]
and currently being refined and promoted by the Quality Assurance
Project to document and measure the quality of primary health care in
LDCs and to help managers institute and monitor a quality improvement
process. Beginning with presentation of a model of health care as a
system, the paper describes the salient features of the PRICOR
assessment methodology, as implemented in 12 LDCs, and the use of these
data in a problem identification and problem-solving process for
quality improvement....The paper closes with a discussion of current
efforts of the Quality Assurance Project to adapt and refine the
methodology pioneered by PRICOR to assist LDC health managers to
improve and maintain the quality of their primary health care
services."
Correspondence: J. S. Newman, Center for Human
Services, Bethesda, MD 20892. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
61:20732 Okafor,
Chinyelu B.; Rizzuto, Rahna R. Women's and health-care
providers' views of maternal practices and services in rural
Nigeria. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 25, No. 6, Pt. 1,
Nov-Dec 1994. 353-61 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Maternal
mortality and morbidity estimates in Nigeria continue to be
dramatically high largely because maternal services, especially in
rural areas, are often deficient and inappropriate to women's
situations. The Safe Motherhood Project in Zone A examined the
pregnancy-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices of community
members, and women's use of community maternal health services.
Focus-group discussions and interviews confirmed a number of recent
findings by other studies; they also documented extensive hostility
between the two most commonly used health-care providers: traditional
birth attendants and midwives. The hostility resulted in rumors,
deliberate attempts to discourage women from seeking higher levels of
care, and refusals to accept referrals or treat patients, which were
found to be serious constraints to good maternal care in the targeted
rural area."
Correspondence: C. B. Okafor, University of
Nigeria, College of Medicine, Women's Health Unit, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20733 Okojie,
Christiana E. E. Social dimensions of the health behavior
of rural women: findings from focus group research in Nigeria. In:
Measurement of maternal and child mortality, morbidity and health care:
interdisciplinary approaches, edited by J. Ties Boerma. [1994]. 129-51
pp. Ordina Editions: Liege, Belgium; International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"This paper examines the social dimensions of the health behavior
of rural women in Nigeria. It seeks to identify the socio-cultural
factors, including belief systems, that influence the women's health
behavior. The contribution of geographic cost factors will also be
highlighted. The findings are drawn from a research project on the
consequences of high fertility that involved household surveys and
focus group sessions with men and women in three rural communities.
The results reported here are mainly those from the focus
groups."
Correspondence: C. E. E. Okojie, University of
Benin, Department of Economics and Statistics, Benin City, Nigeria.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20734 Peters,
David H.; Becker, Stan; Logarta, Josephine; Gray, Ronald H.; Black,
Robert E. Estimates of availability and use of oral
rehydration salts for the treatment of diarrhoea in Cebu, the
Philippines. In: Measurement of maternal and child mortality,
morbidity and health care: interdisciplinary approaches, edited by J.
Ties Boerma. [1994]. 353-68 pp. Ordina Editions: Liege, Belgium;
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"In this study, we analyze a
community-based study of mothers and children in Metro Cebu,
Philippines, to document access to health care providers and the use of
ORS [oral rehydration salts] to treat episodes of diarrhoea....First,
we explore the proximity to a health facility as a measure of access to
health care. Second, we examine whom mothers consult when their child
has diarrhoea and what treatments are given to the child. Third, we
examine factors which distinguish women who give ORS to their children
with diarrhoea from mothers who do not....We then discuss the utility
of provider-based data as compared to community-based
data."
Correspondence: D. H. Peters, Johns Hopkins
University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, 615 North Wolfe
Street, Baltimore, MD 21205. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
61:20735 Philipson,
Tomas; Vytlacil, Edward. Estimating the extent of trade
under incomplete information: the case of HIV. Population Research
Center Discussion Paper Series, No. 94-8, Aug 1994. 22, [23] pp.
University of Chicago, National Opinion Research Center [NORC],
Population Research Center: Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
"In this
paper we address the transmission of HIV from the perspective of
information economics....The economic interpretation of transmissive
behavior to be used is that of a market for sexual trades, i.e.,
ex-ante mutually beneficial sexual activity under incomplete
information regarding quality (HIV status)....The purpose of the paper
is to analyze the extent to which trade occurs under incomplete
information regarding individuals' HIV status." Data are from the
1988-1989 San Francisco Home Health Study of 1,770 unmarried persons
aged 20-44.
Correspondence: University of Chicago, National
Opinion Research Center, Population Research Center, 1155 East 60th
Street, Chicago, IL 60637. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
61:20736 Ramanujam,
C.; Rajamanickam, S.; Arokiasamy, P.; Pathak, K. B.; Ramesh, B. M.;
Kumar, Sushil; Retherford, Robert D. National Family
Health Survey (MCH and family planning), Tamil Nadu, 1992. Dec
1994. xxviii, 290 pp. Population Research Centre: Gandhigram, India;
International Institute for Population Sciences: Bombay, India. In Eng.
This is the report for the state of Tamil Nadu from the 1992-1993
National Family Health Survey of India. The Tamil Nadu survey, carried
out in 1992, included a representative sample of 3,948 ever-married
women aged 13-49 from 4,287 households, as well as 1,709 children born
to these women during the 4 years prior to the survey. Following
introductory chapters on survey design and methodology, the report has
chapters on household and respondent characteristics, nuptiality,
fertility, family planning, fertility preferences, morbidity and
mortality, maternal and child health, infant feeding and child
nutrition, village profiles, and knowledge of
AIDS.
Correspondence: International Institute for
Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Bombay 400 088,
India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20737 Rosenzweig,
Mark R.; Wolpin, Kenneth I. Sisters, siblings, and
mothers: the effect of teen-age childbearing on birth outcomes in a
dynamic family context. Econometrica, Vol. 63, No. 2, Mar 1995.
303-26 pp. Evanston, Illinois. In Eng.
"In this paper, we formulate
a statistical model of dynamic intrafamily investment behavior
incorporating endowment heterogeneity and heritability. We use the
model's estimates to evaluate alternative estimation procedures that
have exploited family and kinship data to obtain estimates of the
determinants of human capital." The sequential decision-making
framework developed is applied to data on birthweight and gestation of
children born to mothers surveyed in the U.S. National Survey of Labor
Market Experience youth cohort. "The empirical results imply that the
least restrictive statistical formulation, consistent with dynamic
behavior and heterogeneity among siblings, fits the data best. All of
the estimation procedures that control for a family-specific endowment
indicate, however, that the biological effect of having a birth at
younger ages is to marginally increase birthweight and to increase
fetal growth."
Correspondence: M. R. Rosenzweig, University
of Pennsylvania, Department of Economics, 3718 Locust Walk,
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6297. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPIA).
61:20738 Serow,
William J. Demographic dimensions of health care access in
the United States: 1990 to 2020. Kansas Journal of Law and Public
Policy, Vol. 3, No. 2, Winter 1993-1994. 53-76 pp. Lawrence, Kansas. In
Eng.
"This paper will illustrate some of the facets of population
change over the coming thirty years and will seek to integrate them
into their probable consequences for the health care system....This
paper begins with a review of the most recent population projections
prepared by the U.S. Bureau of the Census....The remainder...will be
divided into four sections. The first section will present current
demographic trends. The second section will address the role of
demography in levels of mortality and morbidity. The third section
will discuss the role that demographic variables currently play in
health care access and utilization patterns. The final section will
attempt to put all this information into the context of health care
access in the United States."
Correspondence: W. J. Serow,
Florida State University, Center for the Study of Population,
Tallahassee, FL 32306-4063. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
61:20739 Shannon,
Gary W.; Pyle, Gerald F.; Bashshur, Rashid L. The
geography of AIDS: origins and course of an epidemic. ISBN
0-89862-445-2. LC 90-14112. 1991. vii, 192 pp. Guilford Press: New
York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
"We begin this volume by
describing the structure of the HIV, its life-cycle process, mode of
transmission, and impact on the human immune system and other parts of
the body. From there we proceed to a discussion of the major theories
pertaining to the geographic origin of the HIV. Of the regions to be
considered, Central Africa is the first, since it appears to be
especially important as a possible index location for the HIV as well
as the potential for human and economic disaster. Chapters on the
progression of AIDS in Europe and in the United States follow. We then
focus on the implications of AIDS for health care systems generally and
particularly those of the United States. Following these discussions,
we focus on models that replicate and forecast the spatial and temporal
diffusion of HIV infection and suggest revisions
thereof."
Correspondence: Guilford Press, 72 Spring Street,
New York, NY 10012. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
61:20740 Tolley, H.
Dennis; Manton, Kenneth G.; Bumgarner, J. Richard. Risk
factors affecting multiple-disease efficacy and effectiveness of
intervention programs. In: Forecasting the health of elderly
populations, edited by Kenneth G. Manton, Burton H. Singer, and Richard
M. Suzman. 1993. 183-203 pp. Springer-Verlag: New York, New
York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"In this chapter, we use stochastic
compartment modeling techniques to illustrate methods for evaluating
both the efficacy and effectiveness of health interventions. We first
present the compartment model. Then we discuss how this model is used
to predict health outcomes. The model provides separate estimates of
program efficacy and effectiveness." The methodology is illustrated
using the example of a program to reduce cigarette smoking among a
hypothetical group of men in a developing country
situation.
Correspondence: H. D. Tolley, Brigham Young
University, Center for Statistical and Computing Research, Talmage
Math/Computer Building 226, Provo, UT 84602. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20741 Vernon,
Andrew A.; Stroh, George. Experience with sentinel
surveillance systems in Sub-Saharan Africa. In: Measurement of
maternal and child mortality, morbidity and health care:
interdisciplinary approaches, edited by J. Ties Boerma. [1994]. 333-52
pp. Ordina Editions: Liege, Belgium; International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"While most public health programs use surveillance systems to
monitor their activities or impact, these systems vary in complexity
and sophistication. In this paper, we describe the basic
characteristics of surveillance systems and describe the advantages and
disadvantages of sentinel surveillance approaches. We illustrate the
use of sentinel surveillance with examples from sub-Saharan African
countries that have collaborated with the U.S. Agency for International
Development (USAID) and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the
Combatting Childhood Communicable Diseases (CCCD)
project."
Correspondence: A. A. Vernon, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, International Health Program Office, Atlanta,
GA 30333. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20742 Victora,
Cesar G. Case-control studies in maternal and child
health. In: Measurement of maternal and child mortality, morbidity
and health care: interdisciplinary approaches, edited by J. Ties
Boerma. [1994]. 85-107 pp. Ordina Editions: Liege, Belgium;
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"The objective of this paper is to provide
non-epidemiologists with an outline of the case-control design, with
particular emphasis on its applicability to investigating maternal and
child health issues in less developed countries. I will argue that
case-control studies should be more often used for this purpose and
that they have an important role to play not only in etiological
investigations but also for evaluating health
interventions."
Correspondence: C. G. Victora, Universidade
Federal de Pelotas, Curso de Pos-Graduacao em Epidemiologia, C.P. 464,
96001 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
61:20743 Wilcox,
Lynne S.; Marks, James S.; Becerra, Jose E.; Kiely, John L.; Cordero,
Jose F.; Stroup, Donna F.; Johnson, Valerie R.; Churchill, R. Elliott;
Knighton, Mescal J.; Huckaby, Patricia S. From data to
action: CDC's public health surveillance for women, infants, and
children. CDC Monograph, No. 3, [1994?]. xvi, 412 pp. U.S. Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]: Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
"This monograph is the first comprehensive description of the
Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) many surveillance and data system
activities related to the health of women and children [in the United
States]." It includes chapters on the reproductive health of women,
including contraception, sexually transmitted diseases, HIV infections,
infertility, unintended pregnancy and childbearing, and induced
abortion; birth outcomes, including fetal deaths, infant mortality, and
neonatal and postneonatal mortality; child health; and adolescent
health.
Correspondence: Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20744 Wolff, Mark
C. Lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) to determine
service quality. In: Measurement of maternal and child mortality,
morbidity and health care: interdisciplinary approaches, edited by J.
Ties Boerma. [1994]. 409-18 pp. Ordina Editions: Liege, Belgium;
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"In recent years, there has been growing
interest in applying statistical quality control techniques developed
in industry to the evaluation of health care delivery in the developing
world. This paper examines such a technique termed Lot Quality
Assurance Sampling (LQAS). It lists the basic steps in an LQAS,
provides illustrative applications in health care, and comments on
possible future applications. A computer program which can assist in
setting up an LQAS is available on
request."
Correspondence: M. C. Wolff, Johns Hopkins
University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Center for American
Indian and Alaskan Native Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20745 Zurayk,
Huda; Khattab, Hind; Younis, Nabil; El-Mouelhy, Mawaheb; Fadle,
Mohamad. Reproductive health and reproductive morbidity:
concepts and measures with relevance to Middle Eastern society.
In: Measurement of maternal and child mortality, morbidity and health
care: interdisciplinary approaches, edited by J. Ties Boerma. [1994].
225-59 pp. Ordina Editions: Liege, Belgium; International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"This paper presents the work of a subgroup of researchers...who
are studying the physical manifestations of reproductive health
referred to as reproductive morbidity [in Middle Eastern
societies]....First, we present the definition derived for reproductive
morbidity and describe how it was operationalized in a community
context. Then we analyze the health and social context underlying the
determination of reproductive morbidity in the community. The
following section assesses the research framework in the light of our
experience in the field and our exposure to the larger,
multi-disciplinary professional community while presenting preliminary
results."
Correspondence: H. Zurayk, Population Council,
Regional Office, P.O. Box 115, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
No citations in this issue.
