60:40201 Afzal,
Mohammad; Kayani, M. Framurz K.; Mohammad, Ali. An
indirect view of the fertility changes in Pakistan. Pakistan
Development Review, Vol. 32, No. 4, Pt. 2, Winter 1993. 1,081-96 pp.
Islamabad, Pakistan. In Eng.
An effort is made to apply indirect
estimation techniques to estimate current Pakistani fertility levels
using data from a number of recent surveys. Evidence is found for
declining fertility rates. Questions concerning the validity of data
from some surveys are also explored. A comment by Sultan S. Hashmi is
included (pp. 1,094-6).
Correspondence: M. Afzal, Pakistan
Institute of Development Economics, P.O. Box 1091, Islamabad 44000,
Pakistan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40202 Agounke,
Akoua; Levi, Pierre; Pilon, Marc. Contemporary trends in
reproductive strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of the
Moba-Gurma of Togo. [Evolution contemporaine des schemas de
reproduction en Afrique sub-saharienne: le cas des Moba-Gurma du
Togo.] URD Document de Travail, No. 6, Nov 1991. 20 pp. Universite du
Benin, Unite de Recherche Demographique [URD]: Lome, Togo. In Fre.
The dynamics of reproductive change among the Moba-Gurma of Togo
are analyzed for the period from 1900 to the present. The differences
in demographic behavior between those who have migrated to the capital,
Lome, and those staying behind are noted. However, the fertility of
urban migrants, who have generally achieved a measure of economic
success in the city, remains higher than that of other similar
population groups.
Correspondence: Universite du Benin,
Unite de Recherche Demographique, B.P. 12971, Lome, Togo.
Location: Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, Paris,
France.
60:40203 Ali, S.
Mubashir; Siyal, Hussain B.; Sultan, Mehboob. How similar
are the determinants of mortality and fertility? Pakistan
Development Review, Vol. 32, No. 4, Pt. 2, Winter 1993. 1,107-15 pp.
Islamabad, Pakistan. In Eng.
"Using the 1990-91 Pakistan
Demographic and Health Survey data...an attempt is made to identify and
investigate the similarities and the differences if any, in the
determinants of both fertility and mortality [using multiple regression
analysis]." The results indicate that "age, age at marriage and
education of women beyond the primary level emerged as important
determinants for both mortality and fertility at the aggregate and
subaggregate level. Moreover, everbreastfed yielded a significant
negative effect on mortality whereas, breastfeeding beyond 12 months
exhibited a significant negative effect on
fertility."
Correspondence: S. M. Ali, Pakistan Institute
of Development Economics, P.O. Box 1091, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40204 Anderson,
Barbara A.; Silver, Brian D. Fertility and sex ratios at
birth in China: the effects of parity and the sex composition of
previous children, based on ethnic comparisons in Xinjiang.
Population Studies Center Research Report, No. 94-301, Jan 1994. 24,
[18] pp. University of Michigan, Population Studies Center: Ann Arbor,
Michigan. In Eng.
Data from the 1990 census of China for Xinjiang
Uighur Autonomous Region are used to analyze the fertility of women who
already have at least one surviving child. The focus is on the high
sex ratio at birth. "Our research reveals very different patterns of
gender-selective fertility behavior by the different nationalities both
in the decision to have an additional child and in the gender of
newborn children. These differences seem to be related in part to
differences in family planning policy."
Correspondence:
University of Michigan, Population Studies Center, 1225 South
University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1070. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40205 Back, Kurt
W. Demography and the ethics of artificial
reproduction. In: International Population Conference/Congres
International de la Population: Montreal 1993, Volume 4. 1993. 209-16
pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
The author discusses sexual behavior and
reproduction, with a focus on changes brought about by artificial means
of reproduction. "This paper will show the implication of these changes
[for] demography [due to] the ethical and legal problems that have
sprung up in this field; this reasoning will lead to an organized
presentation of these problems."
Correspondence: K. W.
Back, Duke University, Durham, NC 27706. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40206 Becker,
Stan. Understanding seasonality in Bangladesh. In:
Human reproductive ecology: interactions of environment, fertility,
and behavior, edited by Kenneth L. Campbell and James W. Wood. Annals
of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 709, 1994. 370-8 pp. New York
Academy of Sciences: New York, New York. In Eng.
The causes of the
extreme seasonality of births observed in Bangladesh are examined using
data from the Matlab Demographic and Surveillance System. The author
concludes that "seasonal patterns of fertility in Matlab, Bangladesh
remain pronounced and can only partly be explained by variables
measured to date (sexual intercourse frequency, absence of husband, and
proportions of women menstruating)."
Correspondence: S.
Becker, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health,
Department of Population Dynamics, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore,
MD 21205-2179. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
60:40207 Beets,
Gijs. Demographic trends: the case of the
Netherlands. In: Coping with sustained low fertility in France and
the Netherlands, edited by Nico van Nimwegen, Jean-Claude Chesnais, and
Pearl Dykstra. NIDI/CBGS Publication, No. 27, 1993. 13-42 pp. Swets and
Zeitlinger: Berwyn, Pennsylvania/Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Since the mid-1970s, the Netherlands has been confronted with an
unprecedented low fertility level, like many other Western countries.
Sustained below-replacement fertility will in the long run lead to a
decreasing population size, once immigration surpluses no longer
counterbalance natural increase. But will fertility stay so low in the
coming decades? This contribution describes demographic trends as
derived from population statistics and/or demographic surveys in an
attempt to understand what actually happened in our society. Moreover,
the author attempts to 'explain' these trends. Finally, some insight
is provided on expected future trends." Sections are included on
fertility trends, family size and maternal age, the life course,
contraception and abortion, nuptiality, immigrant fertility, and
age-sex distribution and mortality.
Correspondence: G.
Beets, Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, Postbus
11650, 2502 AR The Hague, Netherlands. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40208 Blanchet,
Didier; Ekert-Jaffe, Olivia. The demographic impact of
family benefits: evidence from a micro-model and from macro-data.
In: The family, the market and the state in ageing societies, edited by
John Ermisch and Naohiro Ogawa. 1994. 79-104 pp. Clarendon Press:
Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This paper presents two ways to evaluate
the impact of family allowances on fertility. The first approach
consists of an a priori evaluation derived from a small micro-model of
fertility behaviour....This model tries to describe...how people plan
the successive births of their children. Taking into account the
discrete character of individual fertility decisions, it will pay
particular attention to the aggregation of these individual decisions
in determining the total level of fertility and its changes in response
to changes in family policy. The second part is empirical and tests
the macro-implications of the first model by analysing fertility and
family benefits across OECD countries since the early 1970s. This is
done by deriving from this first model an aggregate econometric model
whose main explanatory variable will be female wages. Then, an index
of family benefits is introduced and tested as a complementary
variable. It is demonstrated that the empirical relationship between
fertility and family allowances which is shown by this second approach
agrees with the a priori evaluations of the first part, suggesting a
moderate but not insignificant impact of family policy on demographic
behaviour."
Correspondence: D. Blanchet, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40209 Blayo,
Chantal; Sardon, Jean-Paul; Toulemon, Laurent. Demographic
trends: the case of France. In: Coping with sustained low
fertility in France and the Netherlands, edited by Nico van Nimwegen,
Jean-Claude Chesnais, and Pearl Dykstra. NIDI/CBGS Publication, No. 27,
1993. 43-97 pp. Swets and Zeitlinger: Berwyn, Pennsylvania/Amsterdam,
Netherlands. In Eng.
The authors analyze fertility trends in France
since World War II, with a focus on possible reasons for current low
birth rates. "A description of the decline of marriage as an
institution is presented in the second section. The final section
deals with the increase in life expectancy and its impact on the age
structure." Trends in fertility, abortion, and contraception are
described. "[These] demographic trends...will have a major impact on
the social structure in France. The baby boom generation is now aging,
and the newer generations are less numerous....France, like many other
countries, will inevitably have to deal with an increase in the number
of elderly around the year 2010."
Correspondence: C. Blayo,
Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675
Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:40210
Brockerhoff, Martin; Yang, Xiushi. Impact of
migration on fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa. Social Biology, Vol.
41, No. 1-2, Spring-Summer 1994. 19-43 pp. Port Angeles, Washington. In
Eng.
"The present study uses data from Demographic and Health
Surveys in six countries--Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Senegal, Togo and
Uganda--to assess the impact of long-term rural-urban female migration
on fertility. Results of logit analyses indicate that in most countries
women who leave the countryside represent the higher fertility segment
of the rural population in the years before migration. Migrants' risk
of conception declines dramatically in all countries around the time of
migration and remains lower in the long run among most migrant groups
than among rural and urban nonmigrants. Descriptive analyses suggest
that the decline in migrant fertility is related to the rapid and
pronounced improvement in standard of living experienced by migrants
after settling in the urban area and may be due in part to temporary
spousal separation."
Correspondence: M. Brockerhoff,
Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40211 Campbell,
Kenneth L.; Wood, James W. Human reproductive ecology:
interactions of environment, fertility, and behavior. Annals of
the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 709, ISBN 0-89766-841-3. LC
94-697. 1994. ix, 431 pp. New York Academy of Sciences: New York, New
York. In Eng.
These are the proceedings of a conference held in
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, May 21-24, 1994. The subject
of the conference was human reproductive ecology, defined by the
editors as "the study of the relationships among human procreative
decisions, fecundity, fertility, and the biotic and abiotic conditions
surrounding humans." The papers presented here are grouped under nine
main headings, which are the seasonality of human reproduction,
nutrition and human reproduction, biobehavioral interactions on human
reproduction, reproductive epidemiology, public health implications of
human reproductive ecology studies, data analyses and research design,
issues in sample collections and laboratory analyses, case studies of
environmental alterations of reproduction, and population growth and
population regulation.
Selected items will be cited in this or
subsequent issues of Population Index.
Correspondence: New
York Academy of Sciences, Marketing Department, 2 East 63rd Street, New
York, NY 10021. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
60:40212 Carlson,
Elwood. The economic context of past and future Bulgarian
fertility. European Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne de
Demographie, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1994. 69-86 pp. Hingham,
Massachusetts/Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Synthesis of Easterlin's work on cycles in period fertility with
Kornai's description of classical socialist economic systems leads to a
theoretical expectation that in such socialist systems, entry of large
cohorts into the labour force will stimulate rather than depress period
fertility. Since this expectation matches the historical experience of
Bulgaria under communism extremely well, the basic logic is used to
project alternate series of fertility rates to 2020 based on future
changes in relative cohort size and two contrasting assumptions about
the direction of the Bulgarian economy."
Correspondence: E.
Carlson, University of South Carolina, Department of Sociology,
Columbia, SC 29208. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:40213
Castiglioni, Maria; Dalla Zuanna, Gianpiero.
Innovation and tradition: reproductive and marital behaviour in
Italy in the 1970s and 1980s. European Journal of Population/Revue
Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1994. 107-41 pp. Hingham,
Massachusetts/Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Fertility, nuptiality, reproductive behaviour and living
arrangements of never-married women and legally separated women [in
Italy] are examined in order to underline differences [from] and
similarities to other Western countries. Prospects for the future are
also discussed to see whether Italy is in line with the frameworks
recently proposed to interpret demographic changes. The results show
that delay in the timing of events cannot provide a satisfactory
explanation of Italian peculiarities."
Correspondence: M.
Castiglioni, University of Padua, Department of Statistics, Via San
Francesco 33, 35121 Padua, Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40214 Cheng,
Xianmin; Shi, Renbing. Social changes and the evolution of
reproduction patterns in Xishuangbanna. Chinese Journal of
Population Science, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1994. 25-36 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
The authors analyze fertility patterns in Xishuangbanna,
China, with a focus on differences in the periods before and after
democratic reform in 1949. The effects of social class and social
change are assessed.
Correspondence: X. Cheng, Sichuan
University, Institute of Population Research, 29 Wangjianglu,
Jiuyanqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40215 Cigno,
Alessandro. Economic considerations in the timing of
births: theory and evidence. In: The family, the market and the
state in ageing societies, edited by John Ermisch and Naohiro Ogawa.
1994. 64-78 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The
economic factors affecting the timing of births in developed societies
are explored. The author attempts to model the optimal timing of
childbearing in the context of a woman's employment over the course of
her career using data from the United Kingdom taken from the Women and
Employment Survey carried out in 1980. The results show how these
factors have influenced fertility trends in the United Kingdom since
World War II.
Correspondence: A. Cigno, Universita degli
Studi di Pisa, Facolta di Scienze Politiche, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40216 Cleland,
John; Phillips, James F.; Amin, Sajeda; Kamal, G. M. The
determinants of reproductive change in Bangladesh: success in a
challenging environment. World Bank Regional and Sectoral Studies,
ISBN 0-8213-2849-2. LC 94-16613. 1994. xii, 187 pp. World Bank:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This study analyzes the causes of the
recent steep fertility decline that has occurred in Bangladesh, a
country which "appears to possess no features that are conducive to
fertility decline, except for a strong, persistent government
commitment to reducing population growth. The aims of this volume are
threefold. First, we need to document with maximum precision the
timing, magnitude, and nature of fertility change. This task is taken
up in chapter 2. Having established the demographic facts, the second
aim is to assess alternative explanations....In chapter 3 we review
social and economic changes and their possible links to reduced demand
or need for children. In chapter 4 the focus shifts to consideration
of the role of the family planning program in reducing fertility.
These strands of evidence are brought together in chapter 5, and
conclusions are presented. The third aim is to spell out the
implications of our analysis for future population policy and programs.
The discussion also appears in chapter 5."
Correspondence:
World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40217 Cohen,
Barney; House, William J. Demographic behavior and
poverty: micro-level evidence from Southern Sudan. World
Development, Vol. 22, No. 7, Jul 1994. 1,031-44 pp. Tarrytown, New
York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Using household-level data drawn
from a 5% sample survey in urban Juba [Southern Sudan], this paper
explores some of the complex interrelationships between indicators of
poverty and demographic behavior." The primary emphasis is on
fertility, including family planning, with attention given also to
infant mortality. The results indicate that behavioral factors have
only minor impact on fertility, and that pronatalist aspirations
persist under conditions of high mobility and widespread
poverty.
Correspondence: B. Cohen, National Research
Council, 2101 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20418.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
60:40218 Cordell,
Dennis D. Where are all the children? Low fertility in
central Africa, 1890-1960. [Ou sont tous les enfants? La faible
fecondite en centrafrique, 1890-1960.] In: Population, reproduction,
societes: perspectives et enjeux de demographie sociale, edited by
Dennis D. Cordell et al. 1993. 257-82 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre.
This is an analysis of the causes of the relatively low level of
fertility occurring in parts of central Africa over the period
1890-1960. The area studied includes parts of the modern countries of
Niger, Cameroon, Gabon, the Central African Republic, Sudan, and Zaire.
The focus of the study is on two separate population groups, the
Nzakara of the east central region and the Manza from the center of the
region. Data are from a variety of colonial authorities. The
importance of high and sometimes increasing infant mortality among the
populations studied is noted.
Correspondence: D. D.
Cordell, Southern Methodist University, Department of History, Dallas,
TX 75275. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40219 Das Gupta,
Monica. What motivates fertility decline? A case study
from Punjab, India. In: Understanding reproductive change: Kenya,
Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Costa Rica, edited by Bertil Egero and Mikael
Hammarskjold. 1994. 101-33 pp. Lund University Press: Lund, Sweden. In
Eng.
The author discusses "the timing and pattern of the fertility
decline and the determinants of fertility in [Punjab, India], followed
by an examination of the reasons underlying the onset and the
acceleration of the fertility decline. The concluding section brings
the findings together in a review of the applicability to the Punjab
case of several of the major theories of fertility decline in the
literature."
Correspondence: M. Das Gupta, Harvard
University, School of Public Health, Center for Population and
Development Studies, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40220 De Santis,
Gustavo. Modeling the effects of mortality on the
estimation of fertility using the own-children method. [Una
modellizzazione degli effetti della mortalita sulle stime di fecondita
con il metodo dei figli propri.] In: Per una storia della popolazione
italiana: problemi di metodo, by D. Argelli et al. 1993. 81-96 pp.
Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche
Paolo Fortunati: Bologna, Italy. In Ita.
The effects of patterns of
mortality on fertility are explored using the own-children method of
fertility estimation. The simulations presented suggest that such
estimates are relatively robust even with a wide range of different
assumptions concerning mortality.
Correspondence: G. De
Santis, Via G. Dei Marignolli 56, 50127 Florence, Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40221 Delgado
Perez, Margarita. Fertility in Spain by age group,
1975-1985. [La fecundidad en Espana por grupos de edad,
1975-1985.] Serie Documentos de Trabajo, No. 3, Feb 1990. ii, 128 pp.
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [CSIC], Instituto de
Demografia: Madrid, Spain. In Spa.
This analysis of trends in
fertility by age in Spain over the period 1975-1985 is based on
official statistical data. Following an initial consideration of these
trends for Spain as a whole, the bulk of the report focuses on
fertility in each of the 17 autonomous regions. The results indicate
differences in the rate and timing of the fertility decline that
occurred during this decade.
Correspondence: Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Instituto de Demografia, Calle
Amaniel 2, 28015 Madrid, Spain. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:40222 Denton,
Frank T.; Feaver, Christine H.; Spencer, Byron G. Teachers
and the birth rate: the demographic dynamics of a service
population. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 7, No. 3, Jul
1994. 307-29 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"A
theoretical model is developed in which the market for teachers is
linked to the time path of fertility in the general population. The
model is simple in its components but when the components are combined
they form a complex long-memory dynamic system. Simulation experiments
are carried out to investigate the effects of changes in fertility
rates on supply-requirements imbalances in the teachers' market, the
median age of teachers, and other variables. The model (and by
implication, the real-world system) is found to be highly volatile in
response to fertility variations."
Correspondence: F. T.
Denton, McMaster University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hamilton,
Ontario L8S 4M4, Canada. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:40223
Dierckxsens, Wim. Costa Rica--the unfinished
demographic transition. In: Understanding reproductive change:
Kenya, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Costa Rica, edited by Bertil Egero and
Mikael Hammarskjold. 1994. 135-63 pp. Lund University Press: Lund,
Sweden. In Eng.
Costa Rica has experienced a substantial decline in
fertility during the last three decades. This study focuses on the
links between falling fertility and improvements in social services.
Fertility decline was already well underway when in 1968 a national
family planning program made possible a rapid diffusion of
contraceptive use. During the economic and social crisis of the early
1980s, the fertility transition was temporarily halted. The author
analyzes differential responses to the crisis, and the impact on
childbearing of the subsequent growth of employment in the informal
sector.
Correspondence: W. Dierckxsens, Tilburg University,
Development Research Institute, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg,
Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40224 Dordevic,
Zivota. Commencement and centers of the fertility decline
in peasant societies of nineteenth-century Serbia. [Poceci i
zarista pada nataliteta u seoskom drustvu Srbije XIX veka.]
Stanovnistvo, Vol. 30-31, 1992-1993. 161-9 pp. Belgrade, Yugoslavia. In
Scr. with sum. in Eng.
"The purpose of this paper is to identify
the time and the area where fertility had began to decline in the
peasant society of Serbia during the [nineteenth] century, and to point
out the potential economic, social and psychological determinants.
[The] author associates the decline of fertility with nuptiality,
mortality and aging of the population in the peasant
society."
Correspondence: Z. Dordevic, Ekonomski Institut,
Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:40225 Dupuis,
Heleen M. Ethical aspects of late parenthood. In:
Population and family in the Low Countries 1993: late fertility and
other current issues, edited by Gijs Beets et al. NIDI/CBGS
Publication, No. 30, 1994. 73-80 pp. Swets and Zeitlinger: Berwyn,
Pennsylvania/Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This article examines
the problems women [in the Netherlands] may encounter when attempting
to combine a career and a family. These problems lead more and more to
a postponement of motherhood, to the extent that fertility becomes a
problem because of maternal age. Late motherhood is associated with
medicalization and is morally problematic."
Correspondence:
H. M. Dupuis, University of Leiden, Department of Medicine, Metamedica
Section, P.O. Box 2087, 2301 CB Leiden, Netherlands. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40226 Egero,
Bertil; Mburugu, Edward. Kenya: reproductive change under
strain. In: Understanding reproductive change: Kenya, Tamil Nadu,
Punjab, Costa Rica, edited by Bertil Egero and Mikael Hammarskjold.
1994. 31-64 pp. Lund University Press: Lund, Sweden. In Eng.
The
study explores the roots of Kenya's high-fertility regime in
disruptions of pre-colonial family systems and social regulations of
reproduction, and finds evidence that recent increases in birth control
signify primarily a recapture of earlier birth-spacing patterns, and
for older women, also an end to childbearing. The authors analyze the
significance of women's growing awareness of and ability to adjust
their reproduction in response to increasing constraints through land
shortage, unemployment, and costs for schooling and other
services.
Correspondence: B. Egero, University of Lund,
Department of Sociology, Programme on Population and Development,
Finngatan 16, 223 62 Lund, Sweden. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40227 Egero,
Bertil. Reproductive change is a social process. In:
Understanding reproductive change: Kenya, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Costa
Rica, edited by Bertil Egero and Mikael Hammarskjold. 1994. 9-30 pp.
Lund University Press: Lund, Sweden. In Eng.
The author reviews
papers presented in this volume on reproductive change in Kenya, Tamil
Nadu, Punjab, and Costa Rica. "The focus of the studies is not only to
assess reproductive change per se. More important, they address
reproductive change as a social process influenced by both internal and
external factors."
Correspondence: B. Egero, University of
Lund, Department of Sociology, Programme on Population and Development,
Finngatan 16, 223 62 Lund, Sweden. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40228
Evers-Kiebooms, Gerry. Genetic risk, prenatal
testing, and reproductive decision-making. In: Population and
family in the Low Countries 1993: late fertility and other current
issues, edited by Gijs Beets et al. NIDI/CBGS Publication, No. 30,
1994. 51-71 pp. Swets and Zeitlinger: Berwyn, Pennsylvania/Amsterdam,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"The main aim of the present paper is to
present data about the impact of increased genetic risk upon
reproductive decision-making....The first part of this paper summarizes
the results of a number of large follow-up studies evaluating the
effect of genetic counseling on family planning decisions. The second
part of the paper focuses on prenatal testing for congenital handicaps.
After a theoretical discussion of this controversial and rapidly
changing topic, the results of a recent study in Flanders [Belgium] are
summarized, evaluating community attitudes towards prenatal
testing."
Correspondence: G. Evers-Kiebooms, University
Hospital Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40229 Gupta,
Shashi P. Demographic differentials among the Rajputs and
the Jats--a socio-biological study of rural Haryana. ISBN
81-7054-180-8. 1993. vi, 248 pp. Classical Publishing: New Delhi,
India. In Eng.
The author investigates the impact of biological,
socioeconomic, and psycho-cultural factors on fertility and mortality
in Haryana, India. The effectiveness of the government family planning
program in reducing fertility is assessed.
Correspondence:
Classical Publishing, 28 Shopping Centre, Karampura, New Delhi 110 015,
India. Location: New York Public Library, New York, NY.
60:40230 Kahn, Joan
R.; Whittington, Leslie A. The transition to parenthood in
Puerto Rico: occupational status and the timing of first births.
Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 13, No. 2, Jun 1994. 121-40
pp. Hingham, Massachusetts/Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This
study examines the relationship between occupational status and
fertility timing during a period of rapid development in Puerto Rico.
Our fundamental hypothesis is that women with higher status occupations
face greater opportunity costs than those with less valued jobs and
therefore will be more likely to postpone parenthood until later ages
than women without such high costs. We test this hypothesis using
event history techniques with data from the 1982 Puerto Rico Fertility
and Family Planning Assessment, an island-wide survey of women between
the ages of 15 and 49. The analysis examines the effects of
occupational status on the timing of first births, and finds strong
support for the basic hypothesis, especially regarding the postponement
of teen births. After the teen years, the effects are less pronounced.
Overall, it appears that employment opportunities have played an
important role in childbearing decisions in Puerto
Rico."
Correspondence: J. R. Kahn, University of Maryland,
Department of Sociology, College Park, MD 20742-1315.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40231 Khan,
Zubeda; Soomro, Ghulam Y. Estimates of birth intervals in
Pakistan, with and without the WFS restrictions. Pakistan
Development Review, Vol. 32, No. 3, Autumn 1993. 269-84 pp. Islamabad,
Pakistan. In Eng.
"Almost all the World Fertility Surveys (WFS),
and those repeating a similar pattern of pregnancy history data
collection, like the Population, Labour Force, and Migration Survey
(PLM) carried out in Pakistan in 1979-80, covered information on
proximate determinants for [only] the last closed and open birth
intervals. This paper, based on the PLM data, discusses the
methodological issue of data collection....[Two main questions are
investigated:] To what extent does the selection of the last closed
and open intervals affect the estimates of the levels of contraceptive
use and breastfeeding duration? [and] Does the selectivity bias in
data collection on the last closed and open intervals affect the
pattern of relationships between these intermediate variables of
fertility and other crucial socio-economic
variables?"
Correspondence: Z. Khan, Pakistan Institute of
Development Economics, P.O. Box 1091, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40232 Kinoshita,
Futoshi. Nuptiality and fertility of a preindustrial
village in Japan. In: International Population Conference/Congres
International de la Population: Montreal 1993, Volume 4. 1993. 139-52
pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"This paper analyzes [a historical document
called] the shumon aratame-cho of a small village in northeastern
Japan...and discusses marriage and fertility of Tokugawa
peasants....[The author] argues that there are two possible causes for
the increase in marital fertility of Yambe women: (1) an increase in
infant and child mortality which shortened birth intervals by reducing
the duration of postpartum infecundity; and (2) a transformation of
labour from servants to day labourers resulting in increasing couples'
exposure to the risk of childbearing."
Correspondence: F.
Kinoshita, Konan Women's College, Konan, Japan. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40233 Kishor,
Sunita. Fertility decline in Tamil Nadu, India. In:
Understanding reproductive change: Kenya, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Costa
Rica, edited by Bertil Egero and Mikael Hammarskjold. 1994. 65-100 pp.
Lund University Press: Lund, Sweden. In Eng.
"The objective of this
study is to evaluate the pace and timing of decline in fertility in
Tamil Nadu [India] and to identify the socio-economic, cultural, and
institutional factors responsible for it. To this end, we will trace
the trends in fertility and other relevant demographic variables in
Tamil Nadu, concentrating on the period 1970 to 1990....We will discuss
Tamil Nadu's recent socio-political history, and compare Tamil Nadu's
economic and social development in the post-independence period, to
that of other major Indian states....Additionally, we examine the role
of the official family planning program in promoting contraception in
Tamil Nadu."
Correspondence: S. Kishor, Macro
International, Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive,
Suite 300, Calverton, MD 21045. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40234 Kravdal,
Oystein. The importance of economic activity, economic
potential and economic resources for the timing of first births in
Norway. Population Studies, Vol. 48, No. 2, Jul 1994. 249-67 pp.
London, England. In Eng.
"In this paper, the Norwegian Family and
Occupation Survey of 1988 is used to draw some general conclusions
about the importance of current educational and occupational activity,
economic potential, and economic resources [for the timing of first
births]....Another object is to learn whether recent trends in the
timing of motherhood in Norway can be attributed to changes in work
activity, education, and economic conditions among young adults, or to
temporal shifts in the effects of these factors on fertility." The
hazard model analysis "demonstrates that work experience strongly
increases the rate of entry into parenthood in Norway....Moreover, the
analysis confirms that longer time spent in school is an important
explanation for the rising age at first birth. The birth intensity for
a single woman decreases as her educational level and income potential
improve."
Correspondence: O. Kravdal, Central Bureau of
Statistics, Section for Demography and Analysis of Living Conditions,
P.O. Box 8131 Dep., 0033 Oslo 1, Norway. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40235 Lam, David
A.; Miron, Jeffrey A. Global patterns of seasonal
variation in human fertility. In: Human reproductive ecology:
interactions of environment, fertility, and behavior, edited by Kenneth
L. Campbell and James W. Wood. Annals of the New York Academy of
Sciences, Vol. 709, 1994. 9-28 pp. New York Academy of Sciences: New
York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper looks at seasonal patterns in
births in populations around the world with a focus on two major
issues. First, we examine the extent of systematic similarities and
differences in seasonal patterns across populations. We pay particular
attention to the well-defined but quite different patterns in the
southern United States and northern Europe. We also examine the extent
to which seasonal birth patterns in the southern hemisphere are a
mirror image of patterns in the northern hemisphere. The second major
issue we address is the extent to which temperature explains seasonal
birth patterns and the differences in these patterns across
countries."
Correspondence: D. A. Lam, University of
Michigan, Population Studies Center, 1225 South University, Ann Arbor,
MI 48104-2590. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
60:40236 Lee,
Ronald. Human fertility and population equilibrium.
In: Human reproductive ecology: interactions of environment,
fertility, and behavior, edited by Kenneth L. Campbell and James W.
Wood. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 709, 1994.
396-407 pp. New York Academy of Sciences: New York, New York. In Eng.
The extent to which the size of preindustrial populations were
governed by homeostatic mechanisms is explored. The author concludes
that "in preindustrial settings, biological, economic, and social
mechanisms caused fertility to respond to feedback signals from
population size variation in such a way as to steer populations toward
equilibrium levels. It is unlikely that the relevant signal was
population density; more plausibly the signal was economic well being,
which in turn responded to population density, among other influences.
Numerous empirical studies provide persuasive evidence for such a
fertility response. However, the response was relatively weak, so that
populations responded only slowly to shocks. The half life of a
shock-induced deviation from equilibrium was probably on the order of
70 years. Dynamic behavior of population size was discernibly affected
only in the long run. Because of the presence of environmental external
costs to childbearing, and because fertility response mechanisms were
not necessarily intentional, the equilibrium population size and
corresponding welfare need not have possessed any desirable properties.
In developed countries, these equilibrating mechanisms are no longer
in effect."
Correspondence: R. Lee, University of
California, Department of Demography, 2232 Piedmont Avenue, Berkeley,
CA 94720. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
60:40237 Lefebvre,
Pierre; Brouillette, Liliane; Felteau, Claude. The effects
of taxes and family allowances on fertility and work behavior of women
in Canada: results from a discrete choice model. [Les effets des
impots et des allocations familiales sur les comportements de fecondite
et de travail des Canadiennes: resultats d'un modele de choix
discrets.] Population, Vol. 49, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1994. 415-56 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"We use a nested
polychotomous discrete choice model to estimate the responsiveness of
the behaviour of 'married' women (couples) in Canada to variations in
the expected flow of revenue resulting from changes in the parameters
of the personal income tax and in the level of public monetary
transfers conditional on the number of children. We suppose that
married women or [those] living under common law, are faced with three
types of sequential decisions: the fertility decision, the decision
relative to the number of children to have and the decision concerning
labour force participation....This empirical setting is used to
simulate the effects of changes made to the fiscal exemptions in favor
of families with dependent children and to family allowances on
fertility, [female] labour force participation and the importance of
net spending costs for the two levels of
government."
Correspondence: P. Lefebvre, Universite du
Quebec, C.P. 8888, Succursale A, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40238 Levine,
Richard J. Male factors contributing to the seasonality of
human reproduction. In: Human reproductive ecology: interactions
of environment, fertility, and behavior, edited by Kenneth L. Campbell
and James W. Wood. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol.
709, 1994. 29-45 pp. New York Academy of Sciences: New York, New York.
In Eng.
The author examines the possibility that male fertility is
subject to seasonal variations, as is the case with many animals. He
reviews "the evidence for seasonal variation in semen quality; proposes
hypotheses for the etiology of the seasonal variation observed in sperm
production; and speculates on the role of this variation in the
seasonality of human reproduction." The geographical scope of the
study is worldwide.
Correspondence: R. J. Levine, U.S.
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Division of
Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Building 6100, Room
7B03, Bethesda, MD 20892. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
60:40239 Li,
Li. Chinese women's participation in fertility
discussions. International Journal of Sociology of the Family,
Vol. 23, No. 1, Spring 1993. 33-42 pp. New Delhi, India. In Eng.
"Using a sample of 6,654 Chinese women at their childbearing ages,
this study examines the determinants of women's participation in
fertility discussions with their husbands, and the impact of this
participation on fertility. Findings support the hypothesis that the
more a woman [is involved] in decision-making in fertility, the more
likely she will end up with a small number of children. Furthermore,
this study reveals that women's educational attainments and ages at
marriage are the most important predictors of participating in
fertility discussions."
Correspondence: L. Li, Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Sociology,
Blacksburg, VA 24061. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:40240 Livi Bacci,
Massimo. Regional models of the demographic transition in
Spain and Portugal. [Modelos regionales de la transicion
demografica en Espana y Portugal.] ISBN 84-7784-991-9. 1991. 207 pp.
Instituto de Cultura Juan Gil Albert: Alicante, Spain. In Spa.
This
is one in a series of five volumes that are the proceedings of the
Second Conference of the Asociacion de Demografia Historica, which was
held in Alicante, Spain, in April 1990. This volume contains 11 papers
on aspects of the demographic transition in Portugal and Spain from the
eighteenth to the twentieth century. The papers are mostly in Spanish,
with one paper in Portuguese.
Correspondence: Instituto de
Cultura Juan Gil Albert, Avenida Estacion 6, 03005 Alicante, Spain.
Location: Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, Paris,
France.
60:40241 Lloyd,
Cynthia B.; Gage-Brandon, Anastasia J. High fertility and
children's schooling in Ghana: sex differences in parental
contributions and educational outcomes. Population Studies, Vol.
48, No. 2, Jul 1994. 293-306 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This
paper explores the linkages at the family level between sustained high
fertility and children's schooling in Ghana, in the context of a
constrained economic environment and rising school fees. The unique
feature of the paper is its exploration of the operational significance
of alternative definitions of 'sib size'--the number of 'same-mother'
siblings and 'same-father' siblings--in relation to enrollment, grade
attainment, and school drop-out for boys and girls of primary and
secondary school age. The analysis is based on the first wave of the
Ghana Living Standards Measurement Survey (GLSS) data, collected in
1987-88. The results of the statistical analysis lead to the
conclusion that the co-existence of high fertility, rising school
costs, and economic reversals is having a negative impact on the
education of girls, in terms of drop-out rates and grade
attainment."
Correspondence: C. B. Lloyd, Population
Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40242 Locoh,
Therese. The beginnings of a fertility transition and
changes in the family in an African urban environment: the example of
Lome (Togo). [Debuts de la transition de la fecondite et mutations
familiales en milieu urbain africain: le cas de Lome (Togo).] In:
Population, reproduction, societes: perspectives et enjeux de
demographie sociale, edited by Dennis D. Cordell et al. 1993. 175-95
pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre.
This is an analysis of the many
factors affecting fertility in Togo using data from a number of recent
surveys, including the World Fertility Survey and the Demographic and
Health Survey of 1985. The primary focus is on the capital city, Lome,
but fertility differentials between rural and urban areas are also
examined. Factors considered include changes in marriage patterns, the
residential characteristics of married couples, polygamy, contraceptive
usage, and induced abortion. The author concludes that the fertility
differentials between town and country are primarily due to couples
living apart from each other for long periods, and that fertility
limitation by traditional means such as abstinence and breast-feeding
is being replaced by a number of practices in which modern
contraception plays only a minor role.
Correspondence: T.
Locoh, Centre Francais sur la Population et le Developpement, 15 rue de
l'Ecole de Medecine, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40243 Maglad,
Nour E. Fertility in rural Sudan: the effect of
landholding and child mortality. Economic Development and Cultural
Change, Vol. 42, No. 4, Jul 1994. 761-72 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
"The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect that
child mortality and access to land have on fertility in rural Sudan."
Data are from a random sample of 523 rural agricultural households.
"Section II [of this article] offers some of the theoretical
considerations relating to the demand for children, and in Section III
the data, estimating problems, and methods are discussed. In Section
IV I present the empirical results. A conclusion and some of the
implications of the exercise are found in Section
V."
Correspondence: N. E. Maglad, Yale University, Box
1987, Yale Station, 27 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPIA).
60:40244 Mazur,
Robert E.; Mhloyi, Marvellous. Women's work and fertility
in Zimbabwe: ending underdevelopment with change. In: Gender,
work and population in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Aderanti Adepoju
and Christine Oppong. 1994. 132-56 pp. James Currey: London, England;
Heinemann: Portsmouth, New Hampshire. In Eng.
"The main objective
of this chapter is to improve understanding of the nature of the
relationships between women's work and fertility in contemporary
Zimbabwe. Having achieved independence in 1980, Zimbabweans find
themselves in an era of rapid social and economic change....The
available evidence concerning the structure of the economy and the
nature of economic activity is first examined, with an emphasis on
women's complex patterns of involvement. After a brief look at
demographic trends in Zimbabwe, the relationship between women's
economic activities and status and fertility patterns and differentials
in Zimbabawe is compared with that observed in other
societies."
Correspondence: R. E. Mazur, Iowa State
University, Department of Sociology, Ames, IA 50011-1070.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40245 Miller,
Jane E. Comment of James Gribble's "Birth intervals,
gestational age, and low birth weight: are the relationships
confounded?" Population Studies, Vol. 48, No. 2, Jul 1994. 359-63
pp. London, England. In Eng.
The author critically examines an
article by James Gribble in which he "used data from the Mexican Social
Security System (IMSS) to investigate whether the excess risks of low
birthweight among infants born after short birth intervals were the
result of confounding by gestation....I have two concerns with this
argument: The first stems from apparent problems with the quality of
the gestation data used in his analysis. The second is that several
recent studies of less developed countries suggest that prematurity
does act as a confounding factor in the relationship between short
birth intervals and infant and child survival."
For the Gribble
article, published in 1993, see 59:20229.
Correspondence:
J. E. Miller, Rutgers University, Institute for Health, Health Care
Policy, and Aging Research, 30 College Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ
08903-5070. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40246 Ndiaye,
Salif; Diouf, Papa D.; Ayad, Mohamed. Senegal Demographic
and Health Survey (EDS-II), 1992/93. [Enquete Demographique et de
Sante au Senegal (EDS-II), 1992/93.] Apr 1994. xxvii, 284 pp. Ministere
de l'Economie, des Finances et du Plan, Direction de la Prevision et de
la Statistique, Division des Statistiques Demographiques: Dakar,
Senegal; Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]:
Calverton, Maryland. In Fre.
The results of the second Demographic
and Health Survey (DHS) carried out in Senegal in 1992-1993 are
presented. The survey includes a nationally representative weighted
sample of 3,528 households, from which 6,310 women aged 15-49 and 1,436
men were interviewed. Following introductory chapters on survey
methodology, there are chapters on fertility, family planning,
nuptiality and exposure to risk of pregnancy, fertility preferences,
maternal and child health, breast-feeding and infant nutrition,
mortality under five years of age, maternal mortality, the male survey,
sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS, and community
infrastructures.
Correspondence: Direction de la Prevision
et de la Statistique, Point E, B.P. 116, Dakar, Senegal.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40247 Paget, W.
John; Timaeus, Ian M. A relational Gompertz model of male
fertility: development and assessment. Population Studies, Vol.
48, No. 2, Jul 1994. 333-40 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"Brass has
proposed a relational Gompertz model of female fertility which, in
combination with the standard fertility distribution developed by
Booth, has proved useful in a range of applications, such as indirect
estimation, demographic modelling, and population projections. This
paper develops a standard distribution of male fertility for use in
conjunction with the relational Gompertz model. The derivation of the
standard takes advantage of the similarity between the shape of male
and female fertility distributions. It entails 'stretching' the female
standard, so that it extends to age 80, and then transforming it, using
the Gompertz model into a pattern which is more typical of male
fertility distributions in the developing
world."
Correspondence: W. J. Paget, Swiss Federal Office
of Public Health, Division of Medicine, Hess Strasse 27E, 3091
Bern-Liebefeld, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:40248 Poirier,
Jean. The political economy of the fertility decline in
Guadeloupe. [L'economie politique de la baisse de la fecondite en
Guadeloupe.] In: Population, reproduction, societes: perspectives et
enjeux de demographie sociale, edited by Dennis D. Cordell et al. 1993.
107-25 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre.
An analysis of the rapid
decline in fertility that occurred in Guadeloupe from the 1960s to the
1980s is presented, focusing on the relationship between this change
and the rapid changes in Guadeloupe's economy occurring during the same
period. The author notes that, primarily due to large-scale government
intervention, the economy changed from being primarily agricultural to
one that was of mixed urban orientation. The increasing opportunities
for female employment associated with these changes is noted, as is its
consequent affect of a decline in
fertility.
Correspondence: J. Poirier, Universite de
Ouagadougou, Unite d'Etude et de Recherche Demographiques, B.P. 7021,
Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:40249 Prioux,
France. The birth of the first child. [La naissance
du premier enfant.] Population et Societes, No. 287, Feb 1994. 4 pp.
Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France. In
Fre.
Trends in maternal age at first birth in France are reviewed,
and comparisons are made with other European countries. Changes in the
proportion of women who never have children are also
considered.
Correspondence: Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40250 Sardon,
Jean-Paul. General fertility. [Fecondite generale.]
La Population Europeenne en Chiffres, 1994. 13 pp. Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France. In Fre.
This is the
first in a planned series of reports presenting findings from the INED
database known as the International Project of Demographic Analysis
Related to Economic Developments. It provides selected data on
fertility trends in 14 European countries, primarily for the period
since 1950. The statistics include estimated fertility, completed
fertility, and mean age at maternity.
Correspondence:
Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675
Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:40251 Short, R.
V. Human reproduction in an evolutionary context. In:
Human reproductive ecology: interactions of environment, fertility,
and behavior, edited by Kenneth L. Campbell and James W. Wood. Annals
of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 709, 1994. 416-25 pp. New
York Academy of Sciences: New York, New York. In Eng.
The factors
that may have shaped the reproductive patterns of our hunter-gatherer
ancestors are explored. Next, the author looks at ways in which modern
civilizations may have interfered with these reproductive patterns and
their consequences. Topics considered include earlier age at puberty,
the abandonment of prolonged breast-feeding, and the increased risk of
female reproductive diseases.
Correspondence: R. V. Short,
Monash University, Department of Physiology, Melbourne, Victoria 3168,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
60:40252 Song,
Ruilai. Community development and change of fertility
rate: comments on the research concerning the investigation of the
world's fertility rate. Chinese Journal of Population Science,
Vol. 5, No. 3, 1993. 213-22 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The
author discusses "the correlation between social and economic variables
pertaining to...community levels and planned parenthood...." The focus
is on the extent and quality of existing research on the determinants
of the fertility rate.
Correspondence: R. Song, Chinese
Academy of Social Sciences, Population Research Institute, 5 Jianguomen
Nei Da Jie 5 Hao, Beijing, China. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40253 Stevenson,
Joan; Everson, Phillip; Rogers, Laurine. Changes in
fertility relative to starting, stopping, and spacing behaviors in a
migrating Mennonite community, 1775-1889. Social Biology, Vol. 41,
No. 1-2, Spring-Summer 1994. 83-93 pp. Port Angeles, Washington. In
Eng.
"Fertility change over time in a migrating Mennonite church
congregation is reconstructed through genealogies developed from church
registries of vital events during 1725-1924. The congregation was
located in Prussia from 1725-1821, in Russia from 1822-1874, and in
Kansas U.S.A. from 1875-1924. Age-specific marital fertility rates
were relatively low and usually peaked for women aged 25-29. Total
fertility rates ranged from 1.19 to 5.29. These relatively low figures
for a natural fertility population may partly reflect underreporting of
births and deaths of infants, but it also reflects the heterogeneity in
fertility evident for this population....Fertility was lowest during
residence late in Prussia and early in Russia, peaked during residence
late in Russia, and has decreased slightly for women born in the United
States."
Correspondence: J. Stevenson, Western Washington
University, Department of Anthropology, Bellingham, WA 98225.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40254 Stupp, Paul
W.; Warren, Charles W. Seasonal differences in pregnancy
outcomes: United States, 1971-1989. In: Human reproductive
ecology: interactions of environment, fertility, and behavior, edited
by Kenneth L. Campbell and James W. Wood. Annals of the New York
Academy of Sciences, Vol. 709, 1994. 46-54 pp. New York Academy of
Sciences: New York, New York. In Eng.
This study examines three
questions concerning the seasonality of pregnancy outcomes in the
United States: "Do live births and other pregnancy outcomes have
consistent seasonal patterns when analyzed over an extended period of
time--1971-1989? Can the seasonal patterns be represented by a simple
parameterized model? [and] Can the different seasonal patterns for
different pregnancy outcomes be explained by the seasonality of
conceptions?" They conclude that "in the United States, conceptions
follow a consistent seasonal pattern with the peak in November and
December. The reasons for seasonal variation in the occurrence of
conceptions remains to be determined."
Correspondence: P.
W. Stupp, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center
for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of
Reproductive Health, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
60:40255 Sullon,
Alfredo. Fertility, contraception, and infant mortality in
the rural area of Piura. [Fecundidad, anticoncepcion y mortalidad
infantil en el area rural de Piura.] Revista Peruana de Poblacion, No.
3, 1993. 89-120 pp. Lima, Peru. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
The
author measures levels of fertility and infant mortality in rural areas
of Piura, Peru, using data from the country's 1989 rural health survey.
The extent of contraceptive use and method choice was also examined.
"The study analyses reproductive and mortality patterns, considering
three social groups of population with relevant differences:
agriculturist producers, salaried agriculturists, and salaried non
agriculturists."
Correspondence: A. Sullon, Universidad
Nacional de Piura, Cuzco 323, Apartado 295, Piura, Peru.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40256 Sumangala,
M.; Nagarajan, B. S. Economics of child-labour and
fertility (study of peninsular India). ISBN 81-7018-733-8. 1993.
xxviii, 220 pp. B. R. Publishing: Delhi, India. In Eng.
The
relationship between child labor and fertility behavior in India is
explored using census data for 1961, 1971, and 1981 from the state of
Tamil Nadu. Additional data are from a household survey carried out in
1986-1987. The study "aims to cover major aspects of child
labour--age, sex, type of occupation, wage level, job security and also
occupational and health problems--to analyse their influence on
parental fertility and also adoption of birth control measures. The
inter-relationship has been analysed using two approaches viz. (a)
current child labour, and (b) labour value of children on
fertility."
Correspondence: B. R. Publishing, 29/9 Nangia
Park, Shakti Nagar, Delhi 110 007, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40257 Sundstrom,
Marianne. More children and more paid work:
birth-leave-work strategies of Swedish women in the 1980s.
Stockholm Research Reports in Demography, No. 82, ISBN 91-7820-084-9.
Feb 1994. 30 pp. Stockholm University, Demography Unit: Stockholm,
Sweden. In Eng.
"In the 1980s, hours worked as well as
child-bearing increased among Swedish women. This paper uses
longitudinal data from the Swedish Telephone Company to analyze to what
extent this outcome can be explained by Swedish women making use of the
flexibility of parental leave scheme to choose appropriate
birth-leave-work strategies."
Correspondence: Stockholm
University, Demography Unit, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40258 Tsuya,
Noriko O. Progression to second and third births in rural
Jilin, China: trends and covariates. Jinkogaku Kenkyu/Journal of
Population Studies, No. 17, May 1994. 15-32 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
with sum. in Jpn.
"Using data from the 1985 Survey on Rural
Fertility and Living Standards, this study examines the patterns and
covariates of progression to second and third births in rural areas of
Jilin Province, China." Factors considered include sex of living
children, mortality of previous children, women's occupation and
education, and year of birth.
Correspondence: N. O. Tsuya,
Nihon University, Tokyo 102, Japan. Location: Princeton
University Library (Gest).
60:40259 Tu,
Ping. Fertility pattern of women in China: a parity
progression analysis. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol.
5, No. 4, 1993. 281-8 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Using the 1%
sample data from China's fourth census and [the] period parity
progression method...,this paper analyzes the reproductive age and
parity patterns of Chinese women. In addition to the commonly used
period parity progression and the total fertility rate obtained through
the usage of this method, some other frequently ignored means of
deducing and calculating statistical indexes are introduced
here."
Correspondence: P. Tu, Beijing University,
Population Institute, Hai Dian, Beijing, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40260 Weir, David
R. New estimates of nuptiality and marital fertility in
France, 1740-1911. Population Studies, Vol. 48, No. 2, Pub. Order
No. 31. Jul 1994. 307-31 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This paper
produces new annual estimates of the Princeton indices of overall
fertility, nuptiality, marital, and non-marital fertility for France
from 1740 to 1911. To do so, it first develops a method to reconstruct
(back-project) a closed female population by age (above age 10) and
marital status from a good terminal census and registration data on
deaths and marriages by age and marital status....From this new longer
perspective we observe that slow declines in nuptiality from 1740 to
1820 gave way to a marital fertility transition beginning in the 1790s.
After 1820, nuptiality rose but the marital fertility decline dominated
the movement of total fertility. These general trends were punctuated
by plateaus in marital fertility from 1800 to 1820 and 1850 to 1875,
and in nuptiality from 1875 to 1895."
Correspondence: D. R.
Weir, University of Chicago, National Opinion Research Center,
Population Research Center, 1155 East 60th Street, Chicago, IL
60637-2799. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40261 Zaky,
Hassan; Wong, Rebeca; Sirageldin, Ismail. Testing for the
onset of fertility decline: an illustration with the case of
Egypt. Pakistan Development Review, Vol. 32, No. 3, Autumn 1993.
285-301 pp. Islamabad, Pakistan. In Eng.
"This paper describes and
illustrates how the economic household production model can be taken as
a frame of reference to test the stage of the fertility transition for
a given society. Egypt during the 1970s and early 1980s is taken as
the setting to illustrate the test....The illustration exercise shows
that the Egyptian household fertility behaviour during this period fits
poorly with the model specification corresponding to a post-transition
society. We find that fertility by the end of the 1970s was not
endogenous to other household decisions, and conclude that a sustained
decline in fertility was unlikely without this
endogeneity."
Correspondence: H. Zaky, Cairo University,
Faculty of Economics and Political Sciences, Department of Statistics,
Giza, Egypt. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40262 Zavala de
Cosio, Maria E. Fertility change in Mexico and the
politics of population. [Cambios de fecundidad en Mexico y
politicas de poblacion.] Boletin Editorial de el Colegio de Mexico, No.
47-48, Jan-Apr 1993. 27-32 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa.
Mexico's demographic transition, begun in the 1930s, is reviewed.
The author predicts that the transition will not be complete until well
after the year 2000. She goes on to examine the politics of
population, and the results of government family planning and economic
development efforts. Data are from civil registers, censuses, and
retrospective fertility surveys.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40263 Zhang,
Junsen. Socioeconomic determinants of fertility in Hebei
province, China: an application of the sequential logit model.
Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 43, No. 1, Oct 1994.
67-90 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
Microdata from Phase 1 of the
1985 Chinese In-Depth Fertility Survey are used to analyze
socioeconomic and demographic factors affecting fertility at each birth
parity. The author attempts to model the fertility decision in a
sequential framework, in which it is assumed that at each parity level
a couple decides whether or not to have another child by taking into
consideration all available information. The model is developed using
data for the province of Hebei. The results indicate that occupational
status of husband and place of childhood are important factors, as are
mortality and sex of previous children. The author also attempts to
assess the impact of the country's family planning program on
fertility.
Correspondence: J. Zhang, Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPIA).
60:40264 Castro
Martin, Teresa; Juarez, Fatima. Women's education and
fertility in Latin America: exploring the significance of education
for women's lives. DHS Working Paper, No. 10, May 1994. 23 pp.
Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]: Calverton,
Maryland. In Eng.
"This study has provided an overview of the
association of female education and fertility using current data for
nine Latin American countries. Although fertility differentials by
education have narrowed with respect to a decade ago...,childbearing
patterns of different educational strata remain disparate....The
analysis showed that reproductive preferences do not differ much among
educational groups, whereas contraceptive behavior differs
widely."
Correspondence: Macro International, Demographic
and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Calverton, MD 20705.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40265 Ignegongba,
Keumaye. Fertility and ethnicity in Mauritania.
[Fecondite et ethnie en Mauritanie.] ISBN 2-9507117-0-7. 1992. 216 pp.
Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur la Population pour le Developpement
[CERPOD]: Bamako, Mali; Universite Rene Descartes (Paris V), Centre
d'Etudes et de Recherches sur les Populations Africaines et Asiatiques
[CERPAA]: Paris, France. In Fre.
This doctoral dissertation
examines ethnic demographic differentials in Mauritania, focusing on
the differences in fertility between the two major ethnic groups--Arabs
and black Africans. The approach is interdisciplinary, and data are
primarily taken from official sources and available surveys. The
author concludes that differences in nuptiality patterns are the major
cause of the observed fertility
differences.
Correspondence: Centre d'Etudes et de
Recherche sur la Population pour le Developpement, B.P. 1530, Bamako,
Mali. Location: Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques,
Paris, France.
60:40266 Kahn, Joan
R. Immigrant and native fertility during the 1980s:
adaptation and expectations for the future. International
Migration Review, Vol. 28, No. 3, Fall 1994. 501-19 pp. Staten Island,
New York. In Eng.
"This article compares both the fertility
behavior and expectations for future childbearing of foreign and
native-born women in the United States using data from the 1980 U.S.
Census and the 1986 and 1988 June Current Population Surveys. The
goals are to first analyze the sources of the growing fertility gap
between immigrant and native women and then to explore the extent to
which immigrants adapt (or intend to adapt) their fertility once in the
United States. The results show that the immigrant-native fertility gap
has increased during the 1980s--not because immigrant fertility has
increased, but rather because fertility dropped at a faster rate for
natives than for immigrants. The relatively high fertility of
immigrants compared to natives can be completely explained by
compositional differences with respect to age, education, income and
ethnicity."
This is a revised version of a paper originally
presented at the 1991 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: J. R. Kahn, University of
Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40267 Kalmuss,
Debra S.; Namerow, Pearila B. Subsequent childbearing
among teenage mothers: the determinants of a closely spaced second
birth. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 26, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1994.
149-53, 159 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"In this article, we
use data from the [U.S.] National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY)
to examine the pace of subsequent childbearing among young
mothers....The primary aim...is to assess the determinants of closely
spaced births among young mothers. Our models focus on teenage mothers
because they are the group of women for whom a rapid second birth is
most likely to impede ultimate socioeconomic attainment and familial
stability....Consistent with previous research, we find that teenage
mothers with more educated parents were less likely than others to have
had a rapid second birth, and that those who grew up in a large family
were marginally more likely than others to have done so. Likewise, our
findings provide strong evidence that the frequently observed racial
and ethnic differences in fertility patterns are related at least in
part to economic differentials."
Correspondence: D. S.
Kalmuss, Columbia University, Center for Population and Family Health,
60 Haven Avenue B-3, New York, NY 10032. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40268 Meekers,
Dominique; Gage, Anastasia J.; Li, Zhan. Preparing
adolescents for adulthood: family life education and school expulsion
in Kenya. Population Research Institute Working Paper, No.
1993-09, Apr 1993. 26 pp. Pennsylvania State University, Population
Research Institute: University Park, Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"In this
paper, we use data from a sample of 154 Kenyan primary and secondary
schools to study differentials in the extent to which various types of
schools are affected by pregnancy-related school dropouts, and
variations in school policies that deal with this
issue."
Correspondence: Pennsylvania State University,
Population Research Institute, 601 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA
16802-6211. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40269 Muhuri,
Pradip K.; Blanc, Ann K.; Rutstein, Shea O. Socioeconomic
differentials in fertility. DHS Comparative Studies, No. 13, May
1994. viii, 79 pp. Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys
[DHS]: Calverton, Maryland. In Eng.
"The primary objective of this
study is to examine socioeconomic differentials in fertility in 33
countries where Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) were conducted in
the late 1980s and early 1990s. Following a description of the data
and the methodology employed, several measures of fertility are
presented according to women's level of education, current work status,
residence, migration status, and husband's education and occupation.
Finally, trends in socioeconomic differentials in fertility are
examined in 21 countries for which data are available from both the
World Fertility Survey (WFS) and DHS."
Correspondence:
Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville
Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40270 Poukouta,
Prosper. The fertility of the Herero of Ngamiland: is
there evidence of recent decline? Population Research Institute
Working Paper, No. 94-19, Jul 1994. 38 pp. Pennsylvania State
University, Population Research Institute: University Park,
Pennsylvania. In Eng.
An analysis of recent trends in fertility
among the Herero of rural northwestern Botswana is presented using data
from a survey carried out by the author in 1993 and other sources. The
results suggest that, in contrast to Botswana as a whole, where
fertility has declined, fertility has increased in recent years among
the Herero as part of a general strategy to cope with harsh
socioeconomic conditions caused by drought.
Correspondence:
Pennsylvania State University, Population Research Institute, 601
Oswald Tower, University Park, PA 16802-6211. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40271 Xie,
Zhenming. Major causes of the regional difference in
fertility rate: factor analysis of 72 counties and county-level cities
in Anhui Province. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 5,
No. 4, 1993. 357-67 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The author
compares fertility rates among 72 counties and county-level cities in
Anhui Province, China. "The many causes of fertility difference...may
be categorized into two major groups: social, economic and cultural
factors; and population control (mainly birth control) factors....This
paper uses modern statistical methods and techniques, proposes
necessary hypotheses and, through factor analysis, transforms the
myriad of indexes related to economy, culture and population control in
the 72 counties and cities into two indices....Following the factor
analysis, the counties and cities are then categorized into groups and
types according to the values of these two
indices."
Correspondence: Z. Xie, China Population
Information and Research Center, P.O. Box 2444, Beijing 100081, China.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40272 Beets,
Gijs; te Velde, Egbert; Verloove-Vanhorick, Pauline; Merkus, Hans;
Bruinse, Hein. Medical complications of aging
fertility. In: Population and family in the Low Countries 1993:
late fertility and other current issues, edited by Gijs Beets et al.
NIDI/CBGS Publication, No. 30, 1994. 1-23 pp. Swets and Zeitlinger:
Berwyn, Pennsylvania/Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This
contribution deals with the demographic facts around the 'aging of
fertility', the 'medical explanation' of increasing complications with
the increase in age at motherhood, and medical complications as such:
increasing number of couples with fertility problems, increasing demand
for assisted reproduction, rising probabilities of multiple
pregnancies, complications during pregnancy (including preterm births),
frequencies of prenatal diagnostics, and the increasing incidence of
breast cancer." The geographical focus is on the
Netherlands.
Correspondence: G. Beets, Netherlands
Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, Postbus 11650, 2502 AR The
Hague, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:40273 Cates,
Willard; Wasserheit, Judith N.; Marchbanks, Polly A.
Pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal infertility: the preventable
conditions. In: Human reproductive ecology: interactions of
environment, fertility, and behavior, edited by Kenneth L. Campbell and
James W. Wood. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 709,
1994. 179-95 pp. New York Academy of Sciences: New York, New York. In
Eng.
The authors review the literature on pelvic inflammatory
disease (PID) and its effect on subsequent tubal infertility. They
conclude that "data strongly implicate sexually transmitted infections
as a primary etiology of tubal infertility, acting through the
intermediary of PID....[They suggest that] interventions to prevent
lower genital tract STD may be the most cost-effective way to reduce
eventual upper genital tract infection and subsequent tubal
infertility."
Correspondence: W. Cates, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Epidemiology Program Office, Division of
Training, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
60:40274 Lamb, Emmet
J.; Bennett, Sean. Epidemiologic studies of male factors
in infertility. In: Human reproductive ecology: interactions of
environment, fertility, and behavior, edited by Kenneth L. Campbell and
James W. Wood. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 709,
1994. 165-78 pp. New York Academy of Sciences: New York, New York. In
Eng.
Factors affecting the increase in male infertility are
examined. The authors examine both data-collection issues and methods
of data analysis. They then consider the various ways in which exposure
to toxic substances may cause infertility.
Correspondence:
E. J. Lamb, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of
Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford, CA 94305. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
60:40275 Menken,
Jane; Larsen, Ulla. Estimating the incidence and
prevalence and analyzing the correlates of infertility and
sterility. In: Human reproductive ecology: interactions of
environment, fertility, and behavior, edited by Kenneth L. Campbell and
James W. Wood. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 709,
1994. 249-65 pp. New York Academy of Sciences: New York, New York. In
Eng.
"In this paper, we will consider aspects of the study of
sterility and infertility, focusing primarily on measurement, and
present an illustrative analysis of time trends in sterility in
Cameroon and of covariates related to both prevalence and incidence of
sterility by age....We will emphasize the strengths and weakness of
each approach and, where appropriate, refer to the basic articles that
provide the technical underpinnings for these comments. We will also
point out those methods that require information on women who have
reached the end of their reproductive period (complete histories) and
those that can be applied currently, that is, to women who have not yet
reached age 50 and whose reproductive histories are
incomplete."
Correspondence: U. Larsen, State University of
New York, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony
Brook, NY 11794-3600. Location: Princeton University Library
(SZ).
60:40276 Weinberg,
Clarice R.; Baird, Donna D.; Wilcox, Allen J. Bias in
retrospective studies of spontaneous abortion based on the outcome of
the most recent pregnancy. In: Human reproductive ecology:
interactions of environment, fertility, and behavior, edited by Kenneth
L. Campbell and James W. Wood. Annals of the New York Academy of
Sciences, Vol. 709, 1994. 280-6 pp. New York Academy of Sciences: New
York, New York. In Eng.
The purpose of this paper is to describe
potential biases inherent in the approach to the study of spontaneous
abortion, which relies on ascertaining the outcome of the most recent
pregnancy, with particular reference to reproductive behaviors that may
covary with the exposure of interest. "The first section describes the
basis for the problem by reference to interpregnancy intervals and
gives some realistic examples to show how large the bias can be. The
second describes data where the time since conception is related to the
outcome, based on a recent study [carried out in Chicago, Illinois] of
women married to men who were exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero.
The final section discusses some of the implications of this kind of
bias for reproductive epidemiology."
Correspondence: C. R.
Weinberg, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
Statistics and Biomathematics Branch, Mail Drop A3-03, P.O. Box 12233,
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Location: Princeton
University Library (SZ).
60:40277 Ayad,
Mohamed; Wilkinson, Marilyn; McNiff, Melissa. Sources of
contraceptive methods. DHS Comparative Studies, No. 11, Jun 1994.
viii, 49 pp. Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]:
Calverton, Maryland. In Eng.
"This report examines the sources of
modern contraception using data from 25 surveys carried out during the
first five-year phase of the DHS program (DHS-I). The following
sections define the different sources of contraception and discuss the
limitations of the data before presenting the results of the analysis
and drawing some general conclusions. Appendix A briefly describes the
government position on population and family planning. Appendix B
presents detailed information on contraceptive sources for each country
surveyed. Appendix C presents information on the proportion of women,
both users and nonusers, who know of a source for modern contraceptive
methods. Appendix D provides information on sources of information
about periodic abstinence."
Correspondence: Macro
International, Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive,
Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40278 Baburajan,
P. K.; Verma, Ravi K. Psycho-social determinants of
contraceptive initiation in India. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol.
39, No. 3, Sep 1993. 5-12 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
"An attempt
has been made in the present paper to examine the psycho-social factors
associated with contraceptive initiation [in India]." Factors
considered include perception of ideal family size, age at marriage,
women's education, knowledge of family planning methods, and
income.
Correspondence: P. K. Baburajan, Mode Research
Consultancy, 25 B, C Block, Vasant Vihar, New Delhi 100 057, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40279 Bankole,
Akinrinola. The role of mass media in family planning
promotion in Nigeria. DHS Working Paper, No. 11, Apr 1994. 24 pp.
Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]: Calverton,
Maryland. In Eng.
"In this study, we examine the role of mass media
in the national task of promoting family planning and fertility
decline....The question is: Does the Nigerian Demographic and Health
Survey show the strong positive relationship between mass media and
reproductive behavior found in other DHS countries with similar data
(e.g., Ghana and Kenya in sub-Saharan
Africa)?"
Correspondence: Macro International, Demographic
and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Calverton, MD 20705.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40280 Brindis,
Claire; Starbuck-Morales, Susan; Wolfe, Amy L.; McCarter,
Virginia. Characteristics associated with contraceptive
use among adolescent females in school-based family planning
programs. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 26, No. 4, Jul-Aug
1994. 160-4 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The authors report on
"a reproductive health outcome study in four [U.S.] clinics as part of
a larger evaluation of nine school-based centers. Using multiple linear
regression analysis, we studied the association of the family planning
clients' level of contraceptive use with six specific service and
provider characteristics." Results for 162 young female clients
indicate that "students' consistency of contraceptive use is associated
with only a few specific service and provider
characteristics....Contraceptive use is not related to whether
contraceptives are dispensed on site, whether health education and
counseling are provided by a health educator, whether contraceptive
services are part of a comprehensive array of services that include
medical or counseling services, or whether a family planning visit
results in the dispensing of contraceptives or a prescription for
contraceptives."
Correspondence: C. Brindis, University of
California, Institute for Health Policy Studies, Center for
Reproductive Health Policy Research, San Francisco, CA 94143.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40281 Farooqui,
M. Naseem I.; Sheikh, Khalid H. Demand side of Pakistan's
population welfare programme. Pakistan Development Review, Vol.
32, No. 4, Pt. 2, Winter 1993. 1,125-37 pp. Islamabad, Pakistan. In
Eng.
"The following...will first briefly review Pakistan's
Population Welfare Programme along with the provision of programme
services and demand creation by the programme itself. Next will be the
discussion of programme impact and the probable role of demand
creation. Lastly in order to identify the highly important role of
demand for the creation of knowledge and use, impact of demand on
knowledge and use of contraception in Pakistan will be empirically
examined." A comment by Rafiq Shah is included (pp.
1,136-7).
Correspondence: M. N. I. Farooqui, National
Institute of Population Studies, House No. 8, Street 70, F-8/3, P.O.
Box 2197, Islamabad, Pakistan. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:40282 Frank,
Margaret L.; Bateman, Louise; Poindexter, Alfred N. The
attitudes of clinic staff as factors in women's selection of Norplant
implants for their contraception. Women and Health, Vol. 21, No.
4, 1994. 75-88 pp. Binghamton, New York. In Eng.
"Medical and
counseling staff at 13 family planning clinics in Texas, U.S.A., were
surveyed regarding their opinions and level of information about the
contraceptive Norplant. These responses were used to assess the
relationships between clinicians' information and attitudes about the
contraceptive and the use of that method by their
patients....Significant variations in the numbers of patients receiving
Norplant from individual providers, and in the proportion receiving the
method from certain clinics, were associated with responses to some
attitudinal questions. These findings suggest that the opinions about
Norplant held by personnel staffing family planning clinics influence
the method selection of their patients."
Correspondence: A.
N. Poindexter, Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40283 Gaal,
Gergely; Strenyer, Ibolya. Changes in the demography in
China. Part 1: social issues regarding family planning.
[Valtozasok Kinaban a demografia tukreben. I. Csaladtervezessel
osszefuggo tarsadalmi kerdesek.] Demografia, Vol. 37, No. 1, 1994.
85-99 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in Eng.
"The article
studies [demographic] changes in China. The first part presents social
issues with relation to family planning, with special regard to the
changes [in] sexual behaviour....The article studies the changes in the
microcommunity relationships of the Chinese society...[such as]
transforming young people's attitudes towards sex and marriage, early
marriage, the life of singles, divorce, the increase in bigamy and the
remarriage of the elderly in China."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40284 Gule,
Gugulethu. A review of family planning in Sub-Saharan
Africa. African Population Paper, No. 2, Aug 1994. 27 pp. African
Population and Environment Institute [APEI]: Nairobi, Kenya. In Eng.
A review of family planning in Sub-Saharan Africa is presented.
"Although sub-Saharan Africa...remains the world region where high
fertility persists, there exist pockets of fertility decline. For most
countries of the region, the total fertility rate is generally above 6;
knowledge of contraceptives is much higher than its use; and in the
countries with rising contraceptive prevalence rates, fertility decline
is already taking place....The four countries where fertility
transition has occurred--namely Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa and
Kenya--exemplify successful family planning programmes, in the last
country supported by a long-standing population
policy."
Correspondence: African Population and Environment
Institute, P.O. Box 14405, Nairobi, Kenya. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40285 Huang,
Runlong. Population control and community economic
development in southern Jiangsu. Chinese Journal of Population
Science, Vol. 5, No. 4, 1993. 289-95 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The author investigates the impact of community economic
development on family planning in southern Jiangsu, China. It is found
that "township and community enterprises in the Sunan area,
characterized by rural industrial production, have accelerated the work
of population control in the countryside and at the same time improved
cultural and material lives for local
residents."
Correspondence: R. Huang, Nanjing Population
Administration College, Population Department, Nanjing, China.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40286 Huntington,
Dale; Aplogan, Aristide. The integration of family
planning and childhood immunization services in Togo. Studies in
Family Planning, Vol. 25, No. 3, May-Jun 1994. 176-83 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"The use of an unobtrusive referral message that
linked family planning and the Expanded Program of Immunizations (EPI)
services was tested in an operations research study in Togo. The
introduction of the referral message was accompanied by an 18-percent
increase in awareness of available family planning services and an
increase in the average monthly number of new family planning clients
of 54 percent. These positive results indicate that the use of
referral can have a significant and dramatic impact on family planning
services in a relatively short time. In Togo, no evidence existed of a
negative impact on EPI services, and a majority of the EPI providers
reported satisfaction with the effect of the referral message at the
close of the study."
Correspondence: D. Huntington,
Population Council, 6(A) Giza Street, P.O. Box 115, Dokki, 12211 Giza,
Egypt. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40287
Ingelhammar, E.; Moller, A.; Svanberg, B.; Tornbom, M.; Lilja,
H.; Hamberger, L. The use of contraceptive methods among
women seeking a legal abortion. Contraception, Vol. 50, No. 2, Aug
1994. 143-52 pp. Woburn, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"In a simple random
sample study of 404 women [in Sweden] 20 to 29 years of age, 201
applying for abortion and 203 continuing their pregnancies, all were
interviewed personally and requested to complete a questionnaire. The
aim of the study was to analyse the use and experience of
contraceptives among the abortion applicants in this age group, and to
compare their experience with that of women in a matched control group.
The most important reasons given for desisting in the use of
contraceptives were the experience of side effects, worry about the
side effects, and the 'human failure' factor involved even with methods
of contraception such as pills, which generally are regarded as
safe."
Correspondence: E. Ingelhammar, University of
Goteborg, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vasaparken, 411 24
Goteborg, Sweden. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:40288 Jitsukawa,
Mariko; Djerassi, Carl. Birth control in Japan: realities
and prognosis. Science, Vol. 265, No. 5175, Aug 19, 1994. 1,048-51
pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
A review of the current contraception
situation in Japan is presented. The authors note that the use of
steroid oral contraceptives still has not been legalized and discuss
the reasons why this change has not been made. The case is made for
the legalization of oral contraceptives. The implications of the
current situation for Japanese international population assistance are
also considered.
Correspondence: M. Jitsukawa, Stanford
University, Asia/Pacific Research Center, Department of Anthropology,
Stanford, CA 94305-6055. Location: Princeton University
Library (SQ).
60:40289 Kambic, R.
T.; Notare, T. Roman Catholic Church-sponsored natural
family planning services in the United States. Advances in
Contraception, Vol. 10, No. 2, Jun 1994. 85-92 pp. Hingham,
Massachusetts/Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Our objective was to determine the level and quality of natural
family planning [NFP] service provided by Roman Catholic
Diocese-related programs in the United States....From 1988 to 1992, 78
dioceses ever reported and 96 never reported. The majority of clients
were avoiding pregnancy and receiving follow-up. An average of 18,061
women were taught by these programs each year in the reporting period.
[The authors conclude that] without greater commitment of resources, it
is likely that NFP will continue to be a marginal method of family
planning in the United States."
Correspondence: R. T.
Kambic, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health,
Department of Population Dynamics, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore,
MD 21205. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40290 McCann,
Carole R. Birth control politics in the United States,
1916-1945. ISBN 0-8014-2490-9. LC 93-42738. 1994. xi, 242 pp.
Cornell University Press: Ithaca, New York/London, England. In Eng.
This is a study of the birth control movement in the United States
from 1916 to 1945, and the process by which contraception was legalized
and made available in more than 800 clinics nationwide. Particular
attention is given to the reasons why, "as the movement developed...its
feminist vision of voluntary motherhood was eclipsed by the apparently
gender-neutral (and nonfeminist) goal of 'planned parenthood.' " The
author also examines how gender, race, and class politics affected the
development of the family planning movement in general. The actions of
Margaret Sanger, one of the movement's primary leaders, are
highlighted.
Correspondence: Cornell University Press, Sage
House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, NY 14850. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40291 McFarlane,
Carmen P.; Friedman, Jay S.; Morris, Leo. Contraceptive
Prevalence Survey, Jamaica, 1993. Executive summary: main findings of
the survey. Jun 1994. [iii], 33 pp. National Family Planning
Board: Kingston, Jamaica; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention [CDC]: Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
"The present report
summarizes the findings of the contraceptive prevalence survey (JCPS)
carried out in Jamaica in 1993." Separate chapters are included on
fertility; contraception, including knowledge, usage, condom usage,
sources of contraception, opinions, and needs; and young
adults.
Correspondence: Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40292 Moreno,
Lorenzo. Residential mobility and contraceptive use in
northeastern Brazil. DHS Working Paper, No. 9, Feb 1994. 36 pp.
Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]: Calverton,
Maryland. In Eng.
"Several aspects of the relationship between
residential mobility and contraceptive choice and use in northeastern
Brazil, based on the 1991 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), are
investigated in this paper....The document examines three main issues:
(1) whether the contraceptive practices of women who change their
residence to more urbanized centers are selective at origin, (2)
whether a change in residence is associated with a modification in
contraceptive use, and (3) whether migrants adapt to the contraceptive
regime of their destination."
Correspondence: Macro
International, Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive,
Calverton, MD 20705. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:40293 Mostajo,
Patricia; Foreit, Karen. Analysis of the demand for family
planning. [Analisis de la demanda de planificacion familiar.]
Revista Peruana de Poblacion, No. 2, 1993. 39-64 pp. Lima, Peru. In
Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"In order to contribute to the strategic
planning of family planning programmes, the demand of contraceptive
methods in Peru is analyzed. The information is based on the 2nd
Demographic and Health Survey 1991-92 (ENDES). It proposes the concept
of 'range of appropriate methods' for each programmatic group of
users."
Correspondence: P. Mostajo, Instituto Andino de
Estudios de Poblacion, Peru. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:40294 Munz,
Rainer; Ulrich, Ralf. Population growth and family
planning in developing countries. [Bevolkerungswachstum und
Familienplanung in Entwicklungslandern.] Demographie Aktuell, No. 4,
1994. iv, 58 pp. Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Philosophische
Fakultat III, Institut fur Soziologie, Lehrstuhl
Bevolkerungswissenschaft: Berlin, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng.
"This study investigates the conditions influencing fertility
decline in developing countries and discusses potential policy levers
for governments and NGOs [nongovernmental organizations]." A
theoretical model of fertility decline is outlined, empirical evidence
of the unmet need for family planning is discussed, and experiences
with family planning programs are examined.
Correspondence:
Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultat III, Institut
fur Soziologie, Lehrstuhl Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Unter den Linden 6,
10099 Berlin, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:40295 Okun,
Barbara S. Evaluating methods for detecting fertility
control: Coale and Trussell's model and Cohort Parity Analysis.
Population Studies, Vol. 48, No. 2, Jul 1994. 193-222 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
"In their attempts to distinguish empirically
between the innovation/diffusion and adaptation views of fertility
transition, researchers have pointed out that evidence of fertility
control practised by a significant proportion of women in
pre-transition populations would render claims that fertility fell as a
result of innovative behaviour less convincing. This paper uses
simulation techniques to evaluate the ability of two indirect measures
of fertility control, Coale and Trussell's model (M & m) and Cohort
Parity Analysis (CPA), to identify the presence or absence of fertility
controllers, as well as to detect changes in the extent of control. We
conclude that neither M & m nor CPA can be relied on to identify
accurately a minority of controllers in a population of interest.
These findings suggest the need for a reassessment of some of the
evidence cited in the debate over alternative theories of fertility
decline."
Correspondence: B. S. Okun, Hebrew University of
Jerusalem, Department of Demography, Mount Scopus, 91905 Jerusalem,
Israel. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40296 Olaleye,
David O.; Bankole, Akinrinola. The impact of mass media
family planning promotion on contraceptive behavior of women in
Ghana. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 13, No. 2, Jun
1994. 161-77 pp. Hingham, Massachusetts/Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper examines the influence of media messages about family
planning, and attitudes toward media promotion of family planning, on
contraceptive behavior of married women in Ghana. It also examines the
problem of reverse causation that arises in studies of this nature when
the data used provide no information on the temporal order of the
actual time that respondents were exposed to family planning
information in the mass media and the time of adoption of contraceptive
behavior. The results show that exposure to media messages on
contraception exerts strong impact on current practice of, and
intention to use, contraception....The study [also] demonstrates that
while being exposed to media messages significantly affects a woman's
contraceptive behavior, the reverse does not seem to be the
case."
Correspondence: D. O. Olaleye, University of
Pennsylvania, Population Studies Center, 3718 Locust Walk,
Philadelphia, PA 19104. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:40297 Rama Rao,
G.; Moulasha, K.; Sureender, S. Knowledge, attitude and
practice of family planning among fishermen in Tamil Nadu. Journal
of Family Welfare, Vol. 39, No. 3, Sep 1993. 50-4 pp. Bombay, India. In
Eng.
"Since very little is known about the demographic condition,
fertility and family planning behaviour of the fishermen community in
India in general and Tamil Nadu in particular, an attempt has been made
to study family planning behaviour among this community....The study
reveals good knowledge and favourable attitudes (80 per cent) towards
family planning among the fishermen community of coastal Tamil Nadu.
However, only 37.8 per cent were found to have accepted some form of
family planning...."
Correspondence: G. Rama Rao,
International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road,
Deonar, Bombay 400 088, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:40298 Saha,
Tulshi D. Community resources and reproductive behaviour
in rural Bangladesh. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, Vol. 9, No.
1, Mar 1994. 3-18 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"This study
identifies significant effects of community factors on contraceptive
behaviour [in Bangladesh]. Women living in communities containing
commercial establishments are more likely to be using contraceptives.
Also, the better the linkage of the community with the urban centre,
the higher is contraceptive use. The results demonstrate that
agricultural organization and production can have a substantial impact
on fertility. The availability and accessibility of family planning
services not only influence contraceptive behaviour, but also are
conditioned by individual motivation."
Correspondence: T.
D. Saha, Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785
Beltsville Drive, Calverton, MD 20705. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40299 Shah, Iqbal
H. The advance of the contraceptive revolution. World
Health Statistics Quarterly/Rapport Trimestriel de Statistiques
Sanitaires Mondiales, Vol. 47, No. 1, 1994. 9-15 pp. Geneva,
Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This article reviews the
levels and trends in the use of contraceptives and presents estimates
for future demand for family planning. In addition, it describes
contraceptive use by specific method." The geographical scope is
worldwide.
Correspondence: I. H. Shah, World Health
Organization, Special Programme of Research, Development, and Research
Training in Human Reproduction, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40300 Tuan,
Chi-Hsien; Mahadevan, Kuttan; Jayasree, R.; Zhao, Xioahua.
Status of women and family planning in China and India. In:
International Population Conference/Congres International de la
Population: Montreal 1993, Volume 4. 1993. 163-71 pp. International
Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium.
In Eng.
"An attempt is made in this paper to examine the status of
women in China and India together...[with its] influence on acceptance
of contraception....The paper focuses on the differential status of
women based on education, employment, age at marriage, [and] sex
discrimination [against] women...."
Correspondence: C.-H.
Tuan, East-West Center, East-West Population Institute, 1777 East-West
Road, Honolulu, HI 96848. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:40301 Turshen,
Meredeth; Bretin, Helene; Thebaud-Mony, Annie. The
prescription of contraceptives for immigrant women in France.
[Prescription de contraception aux femmes immigrees en France.] In:
Population, reproduction, societes: perspectives et enjeux de
demographie sociale, edited by Dennis D. Cordell et al. 1993. 217-34
pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre.
Results of an analysis of
contraceptive methods practiced by 1,035 immigrant women who accepted
contraceptive services in a suburb north of Paris between 1986 and 1990
are presented. The authors suggest that differences in the method of
contraception prescribed by doctors for immigrant women as opposed to
those prescribed for French nationals suggest that contraception is
being used as a method of social control rather than as a tool for the
increased freedom of women.
Correspondence: M. Turshen,
Rutgers University, School of Public Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08903.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40302 Ulin,
Priscilla R.; Hardee, Karen; Bailey, Patricia; Williamson,
Nancy. The impact of family planning on women's lives:
expanding the research agenda. World Health Statistics
Quarterly/Rapport Trimestriel de Statistiques Sanitaires Mondiales,
Vol. 47, No. 1, 1994. 6-8 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng.
"This
article calls for an expansion of family planning research to include
the experience of women in a social context of changing roles and
relationships....Work is needed to develop and evaluate research models
and to refine methodologies to study and document the impact of family
planning on women beyond their physical
health."
Correspondence: P. R. Ulin, Family Health
International, One Triangle Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40303 Ullah, M.
Shahid; Chakraborty, Nitai. The use of modern and
traditional methods of fertility control in Bangladesh: a multivariate
analysis. Contraception, Vol. 50, No. 4, Oct 1994. 363-72 pp.
Woburn, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"An attempt has been made to study
the use pattern of traditional and modern methods of fertility control
among currently married women of reproductive ages utilizing the 1989
BFS [Bangladesh Fertility Survey] data. Bivariate analysis has been
employed to study the differentials in the use pattern by some selected
demographic and socio-economic characteristics." The results indicate
that knowledge of contraception is almost universal. Of the 31% of
women of reproductive age using contraception, 23% use modern methods
and 8% use traditional methods.
Correspondence: M. S.
Ullah, University of Dhaka, Institute of Statistical Research and
Training, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40304 Wade, Karen
B.; Sevilla, Francisco; Labbok, Miriam H. Integrating the
lactational amenorrhea method into a family planning program in
Ecuador. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 25, No. 3, May-Jun 1994.
162-75 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper reports the
results of a 12-month implementation study documenting the process of
integrating the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) into a
multiple-method family planning service-delivery organization, the
Centro Medico de Orientacion y Planificacion Familiar (CEMOPLAF), in
Ecuador. LAM was introduced as a family planning option in four
CEMOPLAF clinics. LAM was accepted by 133 breastfeeding women during
the program's first five months, representing about one-third of
postpartum clients....This case study presents preliminary evidence
that LAM can play a role in linking postpartum child health and child
spacing...;that it can be introduced as a family planning option in
multiple-method settings; that it is attractive to first-time users of
a family planning method; that it may be used for more timely
introductions of other methods such as the IUD and sterilization; and
that the method is used at a level comparable with other temporary
methods."
Correspondence: K. B. Wade, Claremont Graduate
School, Institute for Applied Social and Policy Research, 160 East
Tenth Street, Suite 4, Claremont, CA 91711-4168. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40305 Whelan,
Robert. Choices in childbearing: when does family
planning become population control? ISBN 0-946680-42-6. 1992. vii,
56 pp. Committee on Population and the Economy: London, England. In
Eng.
"It is the argument of this monograph that the public [has]
been misled concerning the nature and impact of population control
programmes on parents, particularly women, in the developing countries.
This has been achieved by distorting the use of the term 'family
planning' until it ceases to represent what we would understand by it
in the rich nations of the West." The focus is on the use of force,
coercion, and incentives to carry out agendas for controlling
population growth. Separate chapters are also included on India and
China.
Correspondence: Committee on Population and the
Economy, 13 Norfolk House, Courtlands, Sheen Road, Richmond, Surrey
TW10 5AT, England. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:40306 Bardin, C.
Wayne; Mishell, Daniel R. Proceedings from the fourth
international conference on IUDs. ISBN 0-7506-9585-4. 1994. vii,
341 pp. Butterworth-Heinemann: Newton, Massachusetts/London, England.
In Eng.
These are the proceedings of an international conference on
IUDs. Following an initial review of IUD use throughout the world, the
30 papers are grouped under the headings of performance of IUDs,
understanding IUDs, IUDs in the United States, factors limiting IUD
use, medical problems and their prevention, special issues, designing
IUD services, and individual IUDs.
Correspondence:
Butterworth-Heinemann, 313 Washington Street, Newton, MA 02158.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40307 Chi,
I.-C. A bill of health for the IUD: where do we go from
here? Advances in Contraception, Vol. 10, No. 2, Jun 1994. 121-31
pp. Hingham, Massachusetts/Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Spa.
"Although intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a highly
cost-effective contraceptive method, they have been unfortunately
associated with increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
However, new studies, including a 1992 World Health Organization (WHO)
report, have demonstrated that there is little evidence of a causal
link between IUD use and PID....This paper examines the evidence,
focusing on the 1992 WHO study, and looks to the future with
suggestions for IUD research and programmatic approaches in the hope of
vindicating the IUD's reputation and broadening the indications for its
use."
Correspondence: I.-C. Chi, Family Health
International, P.O. Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40308 Haspels,
Ary A. Emergency contraception: a review.
Contraception, Vol. 50, No. 2, Aug 1994. 101-8 pp. Woburn,
Massachusetts. In Eng.
The author briefly reviews the use of
postcoital contraception in emergency situations in the Netherlands.
Side effects and mechanisms of action are described for several
hormonal methods.
Correspondence: A. A. Haspels, University
of Utrecht, Department of Gynecology, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX
Utrecht, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:40309 Kambic, R.
T.; Lanctot, C. A.; Wesley, R. Trial of a new method of
natural family planning in Liberia. Advances in Contraception,
Vol. 10, No. 2, Jun 1994. 111-9 pp. Hingham, Massachusetts/Dordrecht,
Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This paper describes
the evaluation of a new method of natural family planning (NFP) in
Liberia. The Modified Mucus Method (MMM) was developed to address the
need for a simple method of charting for poor and illiterate women.
The acceptance, use, and cost-effectiveness of the MMM were compared
with standard NFP methods, the sympto-thermal and ovulation method
(ST/OM), used in the same population."
Correspondence: R.
T. Kambic, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public
Health, Department of Population Dynamics, 615 North Wolfe Street,
Baltimore, MD 21205. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:40310 Kawachi,
Ichiro; Colditz, Graham A.; Hankinson, Sue. Long-term
benefits and risks of alternative methods of fertility control in the
United States. Contraception, Vol. 50, No. 1, Jul 1994. 1-16 pp.
Woburn, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"A risk-benefit analysis of five
alternative approaches to fertility control among U.S. women over the
age of 30 was performed: tubal ligation, vasectomy, intrauterine
device, barrier method (condom), and combined oral contraceptives.
Taken into account were age-specific probabilities of contraceptive
failure, fecundability, spontaneous abortion, reproductive
mortality...,life table mortality, and mortality from specific cancer
sites...and cardiovascular disease. Relative to women using no
contraceptive precautions, the use of any method of contraception
between the ages of 30 and 50 was associated with net benefit in terms
of averted deaths. However, when duration of observation was extended
up to age 80, we predicted an excess of about 880 deaths from prostate
cancer per 100,000 users of vasectomy. Other methods continued to be
associated with net benefit....It was concluded that the
non-reproductive risks and benefits of contraceptive methods continue
to be relevant long after the reproductive
years."
Correspondence: I. Kawachi, Channing Laboratory,
180 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5899. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40311 Labbok, M.
H.; Perez, A.; Valdes, V.; Sevilla, F.; Wade, K.; Laukaran, V. H.;
Cooney, K. A.; Coly, S.; Sanders, C.; Queenan, J. T. The
lactational amenorrhea method (LAM): a postpartum introductory family
planning method with policy and program implications. Advances in
Contraception, Vol. 10, No. 2, Jun 1994. 93-109 pp. Hingham,
Massachusetts/Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The development, efficacy, and sequelae of the [lactational
amenorrhea] method are presented using data from several [Chilean]
studies....LAM is an additional efficacious postpartum method that, by
design, encourages both improved breastfeeding practices as well as
timely introduction of complementary family planning during
breastfeeding. Since it builds on the widespread existing belief that
breastfeeding does provide fertility suppression, it attracts new users
to consider family planning for the first time. It is appropriate in
all family planning settings and in most health services, and expands
family planning options."
Correspondence: M. H. Labbok,
Georgetown University, Institute for Reproductive Health, Breastfeeding
and MCH Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2115
Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 602, Washington, D.C. 20007.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40312
Reproductive Health Matters (London, England).
Contraceptive safety and effectiveness: re-evaluating women's
needs and professional criteria. Reproductive Health Matters, No.
3, May 1994. 135 pp. London, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
This issue concerns contraceptive safety and effectiveness. It
contains articles from various perspectives, with emphasis on women's
needs and professional criteria. The geographical scope is
worldwide.
Correspondence: Reproductive Health Matters, 1
London Bridge Street, London SE1 9SG, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40313 Leon,
Federico R.; Quiroz, Gustavo; Brazzoduro, Alfredo. The
reliability of simulated clients' quality-of-care ratings.
Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 25, No. 3, May-Jun 1994. 184-90 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"This study examined the reliability of
quality-of-care ratings in a Peruvian community-based distribution
program by using pairs of concealed observers--a simulated client and a
companion. Average interrater agreement, measured by intraclass
correlation, was .50, indicating that ratings are not reliable enough
for the evaluation of a single provider by a single rater. The study
results suggest that checklist-item scores referring to specific
provider behaviors will be more reliable and useful than
ratings."
Correspondence: F. R. Leon, Population Council,
Paseo Padre Constancio Bollar 225, El Olivar de San Isidro, Lima 27,
Peru. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40314 Liao, Tim
F. A theoretical framework of collective action for the
evaluation of family planning programs. Population Research and
Policy Review, Vol. 13, No. 1, Mar 1994. 49-67 pp. Hingham,
Massachusetts/Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"In this article I
establish a theoretical framework for the evaluation of family planning
programs by synthesizing the literature on the theory of collective
action. Because of the characteristics of collective
action--indivisibility and externality--noncooperation (free riding) is
bound to occur. Faced with the problem of free riding, a good family
planning program should ideally apply selective incentives, localize
the costs and benefits, and invest in social capital. The relations
among these three factors, cooperation, and fertility are also spelled
out."
Correspondence: T. F. Liao, University of Illinois,
Department of Sociology, 326 Lincoln Hall, 702 South Wright Street,
Urbana, IL 61801. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:40315 Rajan, S.
Irudaya. China's one-child policy: implication for
population aging. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 29, No. 38,
Sep 17, 1994. 2,502-6 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
The success of
China's one-child policy in curtailing population growth is assessed.
The author notes that the policy has been more effective in urban than
rural areas, and that abortion is widely utilized to maintain
one-family norms. The implications of the widely utilized policy for
demographic aging are reviewed.
Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
60:40316 Ram, F.;
Pathak, K. B. Evaluation of family planning in India using
different approaches: an assessment. 1993. 46, [9] pp.
International Institute for Population Sciences: Bombay, India. In Eng.
The objectives of this study are: "i) To measure the direct and
indirect effects of family planning programme on fertility; ii) To
examine the effect of programme inputs and socio-economic development
on performance of family planning programme; [and] iii) To examine
inconsistency in changes in couples protection rate and fertility
change." A variety of alternative methods of evaluating program
effectiveness are considered. The results indicate that there has been
significant change in birth order distribution throughout India, and
that this change is strongly related to program
performance.
Correspondence: International Institute for
Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Bombay 400 088,
India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40317 Robey,
Bryant; Piotrow, Phyllis T.; Salter, Cynthia. Family
planning lessons and challenges: making programs work. Population
Reports, Series J: Family Planning Programs, No. 40, Aug 1994. 27 pp.
Johns Hopkins University, Center for Communication Programs, Population
Information Program [PIP]: Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
This report
presents the consensus of informed opinion on lessons learned from
global family planning programs and the challenges they face in the
future. The report suggests that "to meet the need for family planning
in developing countries, programs will need to serve at least 650
million married women by the end of the decade....These programs now
help 400 million women in developing countries to control their own
fertility, but their work is far from over. They will need to serve at
least another 250 million women before the year 2000...." It is also
estimated that 120 million married women in developing countries, about
two in every five women, want to control their fertility but cannot do
so.
Correspondence: Johns Hopkins University, Center for
Communication Programs, Population Information Program, 111 Market
Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202-4012. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40318 Ross, John
A.; Mauldin, W. Parker. Effort and achievement in national
family planning programmes. World Health Forum, Vol. 15, No. 3,
1994. 251-7 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng.
The authors present
results from an analysis of national family planning programs
undertaken over the period 1972-1989 in developing countries. The
results show that these programs have made impressive progress over the
past 25 years, and that fertility rates in the countries concerned have
fallen dramatically. However, they conclude that major efforts are
still required if the unmet need for family planning services is to be
met.
Correspondence: J. A. Ross, Futures Group, 80
Glastonbury Boulevard, Glastonbury, CT 06033. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40319 Ross, John
A.; Mauldin, W. Parker. Measuring the effort levels of
family planning programmes (profile of 30 programme effort scores, 1982
and 1989). World Health Statistics Quarterly/Rapport Trimestriel
de Statistiques Sanitaires Mondiales, Vol. 47, No. 1, 1994. 61-125 pp.
Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This is a report on
the profiles of 30 measures of effort for national family planning
programmes, and what the profiles suggest of improved management. We
have generated 30 indices that measure the effort levels of some 100
national family planning programmes, and we examine these here to see
which ones best differentiate between stronger and weaker programmes.
We also compare ratings in 1982 to ratings in 1989, to determine
whether score profiles are stable over time, and to learn how profiles
change as countries improve their
programmes."
Correspondence: J. A. Ross, Futures Group,
1050 17th Street NW, Suite 1000, Washington, D.C. 20036.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40320 Abu,
Katharine. Family planning and welfare in northern
Ghana. In: Gender, work and population in Sub-Saharan Africa,
edited by Aderanti Adepoju and Christine Oppong. 1994. 191-208 pp.
James Currey: London, England; Heinemann: Portsmouth, New Hampshire. In
Eng.
"This paper draws upon a body of qualitative data on
reproductive issues collected in the town of Tamale [Ghana] over the
past decade. Using both focused biographies and focus groups, data
have been collected from women and men, literate and non-literate, of
the major ethnic groups of northern Ghana. Findings are analysed in
the light of the published data available from the Ghana Fertility
Survey (GFS). The chapter also examines the different ways in which
reproductive issues affect the women and men of two of the main ethnic
groupings of northern Ghana, and the effects of socioeconomic status on
reproductive perspectives and attitudes to contraceptive use. Finally,
the influence of research method on findings is examined, and the views
of local family planning workers are given....Research findings
indicate, and family planning workers concur, that the level of demand
for information and potential demand for services is not at present
being adequately met by the family planning agencies' outreach
programmes."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40321 Chen,
Ping. Quantitative measure of sex preference and the study
of its relation to fertility rate. Chinese Journal of Population
Science, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1993. 223-32 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This article attempts to analyze the influence of sex preference
upon fertility rate [in China], on the basis of a study of the thinking
and methods of quantitative measure of sex preference as well as
expression in different aspects of sex preference and its correlation
with child-bearing behavior."
Correspondence: P. Chen,
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Population Research Institute, 5
Jianguomen Nei Da Jie 5 Hao, Beijing, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40322
Isiugo-Abanihe, Uche C. Reproductive motivation
and family-size preferences among Nigerian men. Studies in Family
Planning, Vol. 25, No. 3, May-Jun 1994. 149-61 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
"Data collected from 3,073 couples in four Nigerian cities
and one semiurban settlement were used to examine reproductive
decisionmaking and male motivation for large family size. The report
concludes that the characteristic male-dominant and patrilineal
traditions support large family size and that men's reproductive
motivation, to a large extent, affects the reproductive behavior of
their wives....Male education, age at marriage, monogamy, interspousal
communication, and intention not to rely on children for old-age
support are significantly related to smaller actual family size and
preferences for smaller families, while being in a male-dominant family
setting has a strong relation with large family size and preferences
for larger families."
This is a revised version of a paper
originally presented at the 1993 Annual Meeting of the Population
Association of America.
Correspondence: U. C.
Isiugo-Abanihe, University of Ibadan, Department of Sociology, Ibadan,
Nigeria. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40323 Kabir, M.;
Amin, Ruhul; Ahmed, Ashraf U.; Chowdhury, Jamir. Factors
affecting desired family size in Bangladesh. Journal of Biosocial
Science, Vol. 26, No. 3, Jul 1994. 369-75 pp. Cambridge, England. In
Eng.
"Factors affecting desired family size in rural Bangladesh are
examined using data from contraceptive prevalence surveys conducted
between 1983 and 1991. The analysis suggests that mothers having two
sons and one daughter are more inclined to perceive their family as
complete than those having three sons and no daughter. Logistic
regression analysis indicates that important determinants of desire for
more children are age of woman, current contraceptive use status, work
status, and family planning worker's visit. The policy implications of
these findings are discussed."
Correspondence: M. Kabir,
Jahangirnagar University, Department of Statistics, Savar, Dhaka,
Bangladesh. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40324 Knowles,
James C.; Akin, John S.; Guilkey, David K. The impact of
population policies: comment. Population and Development Review,
Vol. 20, No. 3, Sep 1994. 611-30 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with
sum. in Fre; Spa.
The authors critically examine an article by Lant
H. Pritchett that asserted "on the basis of empirical findings, that
variations in fertility desires account for most of the variation in
fertility rates across countries and that access to contraception
contributes at best a significant but numerically small (i.e., 2-3
percent) independent effect....We believe Pritchett's empirical
analysis to be seriously flawed by his use of an essentially
tautological statistical model....We have chosen to focus our comment
on the inappropriateness of the statistical model itself." A reply by
Pritchett is included (pp. 621-30).
For the article by Pritchett,
published in 1994, see 60:30236.
Correspondence: J. C.
Knowles, Abt Associates, Bethesda, MD. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40325 Langer,
Lilly M.; Zimmerman, Rick S.; Katz, Jennifer A. Which is
more important to high school students: preventing pregnancy or
preventing AIDS? Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 26, No. 4,
Jul-Aug 1994. 154-9 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"A sample of
about 2,900 high school students in greater Miami, Florida, was
surveyed to determine their attitudes toward pregnancy prevention vs.
AIDS prevention and how these attitudes affect condom use. Female,
Hispanic and black respondents were the most likely to consider
pregnancy and AIDS prevention to be equally important. White
non-Hispanics and males were relatively more likely to believe that
preventing pregnancy is less important than preventing AIDS, whereas
males and females involved in a steady relationship placed more
emphasis on pregnancy prevention than AIDS prevention. The more
knowledge about HIV and AIDS a respondent had, the less importance he
or she placed on pregnancy prevention, and as the importance of
preventing pregnancy declined, so did the frequency of condom use.
Males who were in a steady dating relationship and perceived pregnancy
prevention as more important than AIDS prevention were the most likely
to report using condoms often."
Correspondence: L. M.
Langer, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL
33199. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40326 Mahmood,
Naushin; Zahid, G. M. The demand for fertility control in
Pakistan. Pakistan Development Review, Vol. 32, No. 4, Pt. 2,
Winter 1993. 1,097-106 pp. Islamabad, Pakistan. In Eng.
The authors
attempt to assess the level of demand for family planning among various
socioeconomic groups in Pakistan using data from three KAP surveys
carried out in 1975, 1979-1980, and 1984-1985, as well as the
Demographic and Health Survey of 1990-1991. The results of the
analysis indicate "high levels of fertility, desired family size and
low contraceptive use. Based on surveys,...we found that a substantial
proportion of currently married women above age 35 report that they
want no more children, (between 50 and 60 percent) only a small
minority of these women are users of contraception, leaving a large gap
between the potential demand for and actual use of contraception." A
comment is included by Jamila Naeem (pp.
1,105-6).
Correspondence: N. Mahmood, Pakistan Institute of
Development Economics, P.O. Box 1091, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40327 Miller,
Warren B. The relationship between childbearing
motivations and attitude toward abortion among married men and
women. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 26, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1994.
165-8 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Relationships between
positive and negative childbearing motivations and an abortion attitude
index are examined among [U.S.] men and women from 401 married
couples--half of whom had one child and half of whom were childless. A
multivariate model tests for differences in these relationships, as
well as in the association of the attitude index with personality
traits, personal value systems and age, across both gender and parity
groups. The results indicate that three of the four measures of
negative childbearing motivation and one of the five measures of
positive childbearing motivation are associated with a more accepting
attitude toward abortion. These relationships are independent of the
effects of personality, personal values and age, and are the same for
both males and females and for respondents with no children and [those
with] one child."
Correspondence: W. B. Miller,
Transnational Family Research Institute, 69 Georgia Avenue, Palo Alto,
CA 94306. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40328 Nath, Dilip
C.; Land, Kenneth C. Sex preference and third birth
intervals in a traditional Indian society. Journal of Biosocial
Science, Vol. 26, No. 3, Jul 1994. 377-88 pp. Cambridge, England. In
Eng.
"In this study, the effects of various sociodemographic
covariates, particularly sex preference, on the length of the third
birth interval are examined for the scheduled caste population in
Assam, India. Life table and hazards regression techniques are applied
to retrospective sample data. The analysis shows that couples having
two surviving sons are less likely to have a third child than those
without a surviving son and those with only one surviving son. Age at
first marriage, length of preceding birth intervals, age of mother, and
household income have strong effects on the length of the third birth
interval."
Correspondence: D. C. Nath, Duke University,
Department of Sociology, Durham, NC 27706. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40329 Petrovic,
Mina. Investigation of individual attitudes toward ideal,
wanted, and actual number of children. [Istrazivanje stavova o
idealnom, zeljenom i realizovanom broju dece.] Stanovnistvo, Vol.
30-31, 1992-1993. 21-44 pp. Belgrade, Yugoslavia. In Scr. with sum. in
Eng.
"[The] first part of this paper deals with theoretical
presumptions and outlines the results of research on individual
attitudes towards ideal and wanted number of children....The second
part...presents the results of a broader investigation on parenthood
that includes attitudes about ideal, wanted and the realised number of
children. The investigation was performed in Belgrade in late
1991."
Correspondence: M. Petrovic, Univerzitet u Beogradu,
Instituta Drustvenih Nauka, Centar za Demografska Istrazivanja,
Narodnog Fronta 45, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40330 Pong,
Suet-ling. Sex preference and fertility in Peninsular
Malaysia. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 25, No. 3, May-Jun
1994. 137-48 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This study uses data
from the Second Malaysian Family Life Survey, conducted in 1988, to
examine parents' preferences for the sex of their children within each
of Malaysia's three ethnic groups. While Malay and Indian parents do
not show a consistent sex preference, Chinese parents prefer to have
all sons, or a combination of sons and daughters, with more sons than
daughters, or at least an equal number of them. Son preference among
the Chinese does not seem to be a constraint to fertility decline among
that population. Since 1970, Chinese fertility has dropped rapidly; at
the same time, Chinese son preference has become more pronounced.
Evidence indicates that further reductions in Chinese fertility,
through the reduction in sex preference, would be
small."
Correspondence: S.-l. Pong, Pennsylvania State
University, Population Research Institute, 601 Oswald Tower, University
Park, PA 16802-6411. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:40331 Pong,
Suet-ling. Who wants daughters? Sex preference and
ethnicity in Peninsular Malaysia. Population Research Institute
Working Paper, No. 1993-08, Apr 1993. 36, [16] pp. Pennsylvania State
University, Population Research Institute: University Park,
Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"This article explores two related questions
about parents' preferences for the sex of their children in Peninsular
Malaysia. First, to what degree does sex preference prevail within
each of Malaysia's three ethnic groups? Second, are there ethnic
differences in whether preference is towards sons or towards
daughters?" Data are from the Second Malaysian Family Life Survey
carried out in 1988-1989.
Correspondence: Pennsylvania
State University, Population Research Institute, 601 Oswald Tower,
University Park, PA 16802-6211. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40332 Association
Nationale des Centres d'Interruption de Grossesse et de Contraception
[ANCIC] (Paris, France). The tenth national study event on
abortion and contraception. [Dixiemes journees nationales d'etudes
sur l'avortement et la contraception.] 1993. 162 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre.
These are the proceedings of the tenth conference of the
French National Association of Abortion Centers, held in 1993.
Sessions are included on prescriptions for contraceptives, RU 486, and
sterilization and contraception.
Correspondence:
Association Nationale des Centres d'Interruption de Grossesse et de
Contraception, 157 avenue Arthur Honneger, 60100 Creil, France.
Location: Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, Paris,
France.
60:40333 Barrig,
Maruja; Li, Dina; Ramos, Virgilio; Vallenas, Sandra.
Concerning abortion. [Aproximaciones al aborto.] 1993. 113 pp.
Asociacion Servicios Urbanos y Mujeres de Bajos Ingresos [SUMBI]: Lima,
Peru; Population Council: New York, New York. In Spa.
This study
concerns the induced abortion situation in Peru. It describes five
abortion case histories, reviews the social and economic costs of
abortion for women in different situations, and discusses the
procedure's social consequences.
Correspondence: Asociacion
Servicios Urbanos y Mujeres de Bajos Ingresos, Petit Thouars 994,
Oficina 308, Lima, Peru. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:40334 Enigl,
Marianne; Perthold, Sabine. The female body as a
battlefield: new contributions to the abortion discussion. [Der
weibliche Korper als Schlachtfeld: neue Beitrage zur
Abtreibungsdiskussion.] ISBN 3-900478-62-7. 1993. 208 pp. Promedia:
Vienna, Austria. In Ger.
This book is a collection of papers by
various authors. The first section focuses on theoretical positions
regarding abortion. Part 2 includes a global overview of the number of
abortions and a comparison of abortion laws in Romania, the former
USSR, France, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. Part 3 deals with
abortion laws and attitudes in Austria and
Germany.
Correspondence: Promedia, Landesgerichtsstrasse
20, 1010 Vienna, Austria. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:40335 Fort,
Alfredo L. The social context of abortion in the mountains
and forests of Peru. [El contexto social del aborto en la sierra y
selva del Peru.] Revista Peruana de Poblacion, No. 3, 1993. 57-70 pp.
Lima, Peru. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"Abortion issues are studied
in two cities of Peru--Cuzco and Iquitos--as part of a deeper research
which analyses attitudes and values related to human reproduction."
Aspects considered include attitudes toward abortion, methods of
induced abortion, type of practitioner used, legalization of abortion,
and support and use of family planning.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40336 Francome,
Colin. Gynaecologists and abortion in Northern
Ireland. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 26, No. 3, Jul 1994.
389-94 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"The evidence from
gynaecologists in Northern Ireland shows confusion in interpretation
and practice of abortion law, with some women even being denied
abortion after rape. Over two-thirds of gynaecologists supported a
change in the law which would leave the abortion decision to the woman
and her doctor, but less than half wanted the introduction of the
British law."
Correspondence: C. Francome, Middlesex
University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40337 Jelen, Ted
G.; Chandler, Marthe A. Abortion politics in the United
States and Canada: studies in public opinion. ISBN 0-275-94561-8.
LC 93-43074. 1994. vi, 223 pp. Praeger: Westport, Connecticut/London,
England. In Eng.
This is a selection of 10 studies by different
authors on the public debate about abortion in Canada and the United
States. Some consideration is given to the implications of such a
debate, which involves basic values such as religion, sexuality, gender
roles, and the value of life. Whether the abortion issue can be
resolved in the context of democratic societies is
discussed.
Correspondence: Praeger Publishers, 88 Post Road
West, Westport, CT 06881. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:40338 Lynxwiler,
John; Wilson, Michele. A case study of race differences
among late abortion patients. Women and Health, Vol. 21, No. 4,
1994. 43-56 pp. Binghamton, New York. In Eng.
"We examine 240
[U.S.] women who underwent abortions in the second trimester of their
pregnancy. The analysis focuses on characteristics that distinguish
between black and white women....Variables that are associated with
black and white women who delay their abortion decision include
attitudes toward legal abortion, religiosity, household income, the
presence of other children, residence patterns, an unwillingness to
disclose the pregnancy, and social support for their decision.
Discussion of the findings focuses on the role played by cultural
experiences."
Correspondence: J. Lynxwiler, University of
Central Florida, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, P.O. Box
25000, Orlando, FL 32816-1360. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:40339 Muhsam, H.
V. How long before birth does the baby become a human
being: ethics, laws, and practice of abortion. In: International
Population Conference/Congres International de la Population: Montreal
1993, Volume 4. 1993. 217-26 pp. International Union for the Scientific
Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
The author
discusses ethical arguments concerning induced abortion, with a focus
on definitions of the onset of life, prenatal development, laws and
practice, and biological aspects.
Correspondence: H. V.
Muhsam, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus Campus, Jerusalem
91905, Israel. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40340 Peplow, P.
V. RU486 combined with PGE1 analog in voluntary
termination of early pregnancy--a comparison of recent findings with
gemeprost or misoprostol. Contraception, Vol. 50, No. 1, Jul 1994.
69-75 pp. Woburn, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"The aim of this paper has
been to carefully examine the findings of studies performed over the
last 6 years using combinations of RU486/gemeprost or RU486/misoprostol
in regard to (i) time to complete expulsion of the conceptus and (ii)
duration of vaginal bleeding. The data reported for the various
combination treatments consisting of a single dose of RU486 followed by
gemeprost or misoprostol have been compared using appropriate
statistical tests. These parameters are important in regard to women's
views on medical methods for terminating
pregnancy."
Correspondence: P. V. Peplow, University of
Otago, Department of Anatomy, Dunedin, New Zealand. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40341 Rademakers,
Jany. Abortion in the Netherlands, 1989-1990: a yearly
report from the national abortion register. [Abortus in Nederland,
1989/1990: jaarverslag van de landelijke abortusregistratie.] ISBN
90-70632-12-8. 1992. x, 62 pp. Stimezo-Onderzoek: Utrecht, Netherlands.
In Dut; Eng.
Data are presented on induced abortion in the
Netherlands in 1989, 1990, and 1991. The statistics concern country of
origin, age, marital status, ethnic group, fertility history, and
contraceptive practice of abortion clients. The author notes an
increase in abortion rates among Dutch nationals that may be due to
changes in contraceptive behavior.
Correspondence:
Stemizo-Onderzoek, Pieterstraat 11, 3512 JT Utrecht, Netherlands.
Location: Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, Paris,
France.
60:40342 Rasevic,
Mirjana. Reproductive behavior and induced abortion.
[Reproduktivno ponasanje i namerni prekid trudnoce.] Stanovnistvo, Vol.
30-31, 1992-1993. 45-62 pp. Belgrade, Yugoslavia. In Scr. with sum. in
Eng.
The author discusses the continuing need for induced abortion
in spite of the existence of improved contraceptive methods. The
impact on the incidence of abortion of factors such as early
intercourse, lower desired family size, cohabitation, fear of
contraception, and individual attitudes is considered. The
geographical focus of the study is
worldwide.
Correspondence: M. Rasevic, Univerzitet u
Beogradu, Instituta Drustvenih Nauka, Centar za Demografska
Istrazivanja, Narodnog Fronta 45, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40343 Rolston,
Bill; Eggert, Anna. Abortion in the new Europe: a
comparative handbook. ISBN 0-313-28723-6. LC 93-44510. 1994. xxx,
312 pp. Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
This is a series of country studies by various authors on induced
abortion in contemporary Europe. Following a general introduction,
each study is divided into three parts, which deal with the history of
abortion law, current law and practice, and the future. Chapters are
included on Austria, Belgium, Britain, Bulgaria, the Czech and Slovak
Republics, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and
the USSR.
Correspondence: Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road
West, Westport, CT 06881. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:40344
Skjeldestad, Finn E.; Borgan, Jens-Kristian; Daltveit, Anne K.;
Nymoen, Erik H. Induced abortion: effects of marital
status, age and parity on choice of pregnancy termination. Acta
Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, Vol. 73, No. 3, 1994. 255-60
pp. Copenhagen, Denmark. In Eng.
The impact of marital status, age,
and parity on the decision to terminate a pregnancy is examined using
national surveillance data concerning all women giving birth or
terminating pregnancies in Norway between 1979 and 1990. "From the
first three-year period 1979-81 to the last three-year period 1988-90
there was a decreasing tendency to choose abortion among unmarried
pregnant women above 20 years of age and married women with two or more
children. In the other strata of marital status, age and parity there
were no changes over the time period, except for married women 20-24
years of age which was the only group that showed an increasing
abortion tendency over the time period."
Correspondence: F.
E. Skjeldestad, University Hospital of Trondheim, Department of
Gynecology and Obstetrics, 7006 Trondheim, Norway. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
60:40345
Skjeldestad, Finn E. When pregnant--why induced
abortion? Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine, Vol. 22, No. 1,
1994. 68-73 pp. Stockholm, Sweden. In Eng.
The aim of this paper
was "to study social differences between women seeking induced abortion
(cases) and women completing their pregnancy (controls)....Data were
collected through a structured personal interview of 404
abortion-seeking women and 404 women giving birth at the...University
Hospital of Trondheim, Norway during 1983....The prospect of single
parenthood was the strongest determinant in describing the difference
between abortion-seeking women and women giving birth. In addition,
variables such as parity, age, housing situation, previous abortion
history, attitudes towards abortion and occupational status were all
found to be significant when describing the differences between the two
study groups."
Correspondence: F. E. Skjeldestad,
University Hospital of Trondheim, Department of Gynaecology and
Obstetrics, 7006 Trondheim, Norway. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:40346 Sureender,
S.; Moulasha, K. MTP in India: an observation.
Health and Population: Perspectives and Issues, Vol. 16, No. 1-2,
Jan-Jun 1993. 65-73 pp. New Delhi, India. In Eng. with sum. in Hin.
"An attempt has been made in the present study to know the
prevalence of abortion during the period 1976-77 and 1988-89 in the
major States of India. In addition, abortions done during 12-20 weeks
of pregnancies and the major reasons given by these women who opted for
abortion have also been analysed." Data are from official sources.
The results indicate that contraceptive failure was the primary reason
for abortion in both periods, and also that the incidence of abortion
has declined over time.
Correspondence: S. Sureender,
International Institute for Population Studies, Govandi Station Road,
Deonar, Bombay 400 088, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:40347 Baird,
Donna D.; Weinberg, Clarice R.; Schwingl, Pamela; Wilcox, Allen
J. Selection bias associated with contraceptive practice
in time-to-pregnancy studies. In: Human reproductive ecology:
interactions of environment, fertility, and behavior, edited by Kenneth
L. Campbell and James W. Wood. Annals of the New York Academy of
Sciences, Vol. 709, 1994. 156-64 pp. New York Academy of Sciences: New
York, New York. In Eng.
Some problems associated with the
measurement of the time required by couples to achieve a desired
pregnancy are examined. The authors use survivorship methods to
analyze time-to-pregnancy data. They conclude that "prospective
studies of time to pregnancy can provide very accurate measures of the
number of menstrual cycles required to conceive, but if they only
enroll women who have stopped using contraception in order to conceive
they are vulnerable to unmeasurable selection
bias."
Correspondence: D. D. Baird, National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences, Epidemiology Branch, Mail Drop A3-05,
P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
60:40348 Becker,
Stan; Begum, Suraiya. Reliability study of reporting of
days since last sexual intercourse in Matlab, Bangladesh. Journal
of Biosocial Science, Vol. 26, No. 3, Jul 1994. 291-9 pp. Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
"The accuracy of responses to a question on the
frequency of sexual intercourse in the 4-week period prior to an
interview is expected to be low. This paper examines the reliability
of an alternative question: 'How many days since you last had sexual
intercourse?'. This was a part of a larger longitudinal study of
fertility dynamics in Matlab, Bangladesh. The response pairs of 61
women who were asked the same question by an interviewer and on the
next day by a supervisor, were analysed....Of the pairs of two
responses, 78% had a difference of 3 days or
less."
Correspondence: S. Becker, Johns Hopkins University,
School of Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Population Dynamics,
615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40349 Benavente,
Luis; Campos, Miguel. Interrelations among lactation,
fertility, and infant mortality in Peruvian women not using
contraceptives. [Interrelacion entre lactancia, fecundidad y
mortalidad infantil en mujeres peruanas no usuarias de
anticonceptivos.] Revista Peruana de Poblacion, No. 2, 1993. 113-46 pp.
Lima, Peru. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"This article summarizes the
results of a project about the interrelationships among breast-feeding,
fertility and child mortality [among] Peruvian women who do not use
contraceptives. The results show the breast-feeding patterns in the
different regions of the country....Prolonged breast-feeding is
associated with a long inter-genesic interval [and]...with low child
mortality."
Correspondence: L. Benavente, Universidad
Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Apartado 5045, Lima 100, Peru.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40350 Benefo,
Kofi D.; Tsui, Amy O.; De Graft Johnson, Joseph. Ethnic
differentials in child-spacing ideals and practices in Ghana.
Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 26, No. 3, Jul 1994. 311-26 pp.
Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"This study examines the relationship
between ethnicity and [postpartum] abstinence using data from the 1988
Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. There is considerable diversity
in the length of abstinence, although only for one ethnic group, the
Mole-Dagbani and other Ghanaians, is abstinence, both actual and ideal,
very long. Respondents in most ethnic groups believe their abstinence
to be adequate. A key motivation for abstinence is the unwillingness
to have sexual intercourse with nursing mothers. Education,
urbanisation, changes in marriage patterns and religious traditions are
major factors shaping the ethnic differentials in
abstinence."
Correspondence: K. D. Benefo, Brown
University, Population Studies and Training Center, Box 1916,
Providence, RI 02912. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:40351 Campbell,
Benjamin C.; Udry, J. Richard. Implications of hormonal
influences on sexual behavior for demographic models of
reproduction. In: Human reproductive ecology: interactions of
environment, fertility, and behavior, edited by Kenneth L. Campbell and
James W. Wood. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 709,
1994. 117-27 pp. New York Academy of Sciences: New York, New York. In
Eng.
The authors examine the role of testosterone in sexual
behavior among normal women. "We examine the evidence for androgenic
effects on female sexual behavior, relate them to ovarian processes
over the reproductive span, and finally consider their implications for
demographic models of fecundability....To structure our discussion of
the implications of androgenic effects of female sexual motivation, we
will break female reproduction into three broad segments: adolescence,
mature reproductive function, and reproductive
senescence."
Correspondence: B. C. Campbell, University of
North Carolina, Carolina Population Center, University Square, CB8120,
143 West Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
60:40352 Cumming,
David C.; Wheeler, Garry D.; Harber, Vicki J. Physical
activity, nutrition, and reproduction. In: Human reproductive
ecology: interactions of environment, fertility, and behavior, edited
by Kenneth L. Campbell and James W. Wood. Annals of the New York
Academy of Sciences, Vol. 709, 1994. 55-76 pp. New York Academy of
Sciences: New York, New York. In Eng.
"The purpose of the present
review is to examine the effects of physical activity on reproductive
function in women and in men, and to discuss the etiology of
reproductive dysfunction with particular reference to the influence of
nutritional status."
Correspondence: D. C. Cumming,
University of Alberta, 1D1 W. Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre,
Edmonton, Alberta T6J 2R7, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SZ).
60:40353 DaVanzo,
Julie; Sine, Jeffrey; Peterson, Christine; Haaga, John.
Reversal of the decline in breastfeeding in Peninsular Malaysia?
Ethnic and educational differentials and data quality issues.
Social Biology, Vol. 41, No. 1-2, Spring-Summer 1994. 61-77 pp. Port
Angeles, Washington. In Eng.
"Data from the First and Second
Malaysian Family Life Surveys in 1976 and 1988, respectively, are
analyzed to examine long-term trends in breastfeeding in Peninsular
Malaysia, educational and ethnic differences therein, and the quality
of retrospective data on infant feeding....Over time, the percentages
of births to subgroups with higher rates of breastfeeding--particularly
Malays and more highly educated women--have increased. However, there
is also evidence of changes in rates of breastfeeding within these
subgroups. Many Malaysian infants have a total duration of
breastfeeding (including with supplementation) considerably shorter
than WHO's recommended four months of exclusive (unsupplemented)
breastfeeding. Moreover, nearly all breastfed infants are first given
supplementary food or beverage shortly after birth."
This is a
revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1991 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: J. DaVanzo, RAND, 1700 Main
Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40354 Frank,
Odile; Bianchi, P. Grace; Campana, Aldo. The end of
fertility: age, fecundity and fecundability in women. Journal of
Biosocial Science, Vol. 26, No. 3, Jul 1994. 349-68 pp. Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
"This paper reviews the demographic and biological
information on declining fecundity with age, and proposes that, at
least in developed societies, the biologically well-based notions of
maternal age are now challenged by new technologies that override
biological constraints, but challenge current value judgements
regarding pregnancy and age. Four sources of information on age and
fecundity will be reviewed: data based on study of the menopause; the
results of observations on artificial insemination; new behavioural
information from surveys on sexual behaviour; and new findings from the
practical application of assisted reproduction
technology."
Correspondence: O. Frank, World Health
Organization, Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40355 Lodewijckx,
Edith; Schoenmaeckers, Ronald C. Changes in fertility as a
result of prior pregnancy-related experiences: an exploratory
analysis. In: Population and family in the Low Countries 1993:
late fertility and other current issues, edited by Gijs Beets et al.
NIDI/CBGS Publication, No. 30, 1994. 25-49 pp. Swets and Zeitlinger:
Berwyn, Pennsylvania/Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Changes in
intensity and timing of fertility as a result of prior
pregnancy-related experiences are described and further controlled for
age at first delivery....Regardless of age, intrauterine mortality
clearly results in fertility-compensating behaviour. Medical
interventions have a negative effect on fertility, especially a
prolonged conception waiting time. Whereas the effect of waiting time
increases with increasing age, the effect of experiencing medical
interventions actually decreases and even disappears at higher ages.
The ultimate effect on changes in achieved family size appears to be
very limited. The data stem from the NEGO IV and NEGO V surveys,
carried out in Flanders [Belgium] in 1982/83 and 1991,
respectively."
Correspondence: E. Lodewijckx, Centrum voor
Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudien, Markiesstraat 1, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40356 Lunn, Peter
G. Lactation and other metabolic loads affecting human
reproduction. In: Human reproductive ecology: interactions of
environment, fertility, and behavior, edited by Kenneth L. Campbell and
James W. Wood. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 709,
1994. 77-85 pp. New York Academy of Sciences: New York, New York. In
Eng.
This is a review of recent literature on the relationship
between maternal nutritional status and fecundity. The survey confirms
that "nutritional stress in lactating mothers will lead to prolonged
lactational amenorrhea and subfecundity. Either a better diet or a
reduction in maternal workload during lactation can be expected to
shorten the duration of lactational infecundity. However, the extent
of the interaction between nutrition and fecundity will only be
resolved by careful measurements of appropriate and sensitive
parameters."
Correspondence: P. G. Lunn, Medical Research
Council, Dunn Nutrition Laboratory, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1XJ,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
60:40357 Madani,
Khalid A.; Khashoggi, Rufaida H.; Al-Nowaisser, Abdulrahman A.; Nasrat,
Hassan A.; Khalil, Muhammed H. Lactation amenorrhea in
Saudi women. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol.
48, No. 3, Jun 1994. 286-9 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"The study
aimed to investigate some aspects of breast feeding, namely--lactation
amenorrhea, the average interval between pregnancies, and the extent of
knowledge that an average Saudi woman has about breast feeding....[It
is concluded that] the lack of adequate information on breast feeding
and the short interval between births are local problems which should
be considered by the health authorities."
Correspondence:
K. A. Madani, P.O. Box 2183, Jeddah 21451, Saudi Arabia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40358 McNeilly,
Alan S.; Tay, Clem C. K.; Glasier, Anna. Physiological
mechanisms underlying lactational amenorrhea. In: Human
reproductive ecology: interactions of environment, fertility, and
behavior, edited by Kenneth L. Campbell and James W. Wood. Annals of
the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 709, 1994. 145-55 pp. New York
Academy of Sciences: New York, New York. In Eng.
"The major purpose
of this short review is to summarize our knowledge on the mechanisms by
which the suckling stimulus inhibits ovarian activity." They conclude
that "breastfeeding delays the resumption of normal ovarian cycles by
disrupting the pattern of pulsatile release of GnRH from the
hypothalamus and hence LH from the pituitary....The mechanism of
suckling-induced disruption of GnRH release remains
unknown."
Correspondence: A. S. McNeilly, University of
Edinburgh, Centre for Reproductive Biology Unit, 37 Chalmers Street,
Edinburgh EH3 9EW, Scotland. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
60:40359 Ofosu,
Yaw. Breast-feeding and birth spacing: erosion of West
African traditions. In: Gender, work and population in Sub-Saharan
Africa, edited by Aderanti Adepoju and Christine Oppong. 1994. 173-90
pp. James Currey: London, England; Heinemann: Portsmouth, New
Hampshire. In Eng.
"In this chapter, the changes in post-partum
behaviour and some of its consequences are examined, using information
from a number of recent fertility surveys undertaken in the West
African subregion. In addition, an exploratory analysis of the
relationships between the two post-partum variables [breast feeding and
sexual abstinence] and a number of 'explanatory' variables is
undertaken, with a view to obtaining an indication of the pattern of
change. The object of this exercise is to identify the subpopulations
most likely to experience the greatest changes in traditional
post-partum behaviour." The author finds that "ethnicity remains an
important determinant of the durations of breast-feeding and
post-partum sexual abstinence."
Correspondence: Y. Ofosu,
International Labour Office, 4 route des Morillons, 1211 Geneva 22,
Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40360 Weinstein,
Maxine; Stark, Marya. Behavioral and biological
determinants of fecundability. In: Human reproductive ecology:
interactions of environment, fertility, and behavior, edited by Kenneth
L. Campbell and James W. Wood. Annals of the New York Academy of
Sciences, Vol. 709, 1994. 128-44 pp. New York Academy of Sciences: New
York, New York. In Eng.
The behavioral and physiological factors
that influence fecundability are reviewed. Factors considered include
the frequency and timing of insemination, characteristics of the cycle,
the length of the fertile period and the likelihood of conception given
that insemination has occurred, and fetal loss. A review of possible
sources of empirical data concludes the
study.
Correspondence: M. Weinstein, Georgetown University,
Department of Demography, 231 Poulton Hall, 37th and O Streets NW,
Washington, D.C. 20057-1043. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
60:40361 Wood, James
W. Maternal nutrition and reproduction: why demographers
and physiologists disagree about a fundamental relationship. In:
Human reproductive ecology: interactions of environment, fertility,
and behavior, edited by Kenneth L. Campbell and James W. Wood. Annals
of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 709, 1994. 101-16 pp. New
York Academy of Sciences: New York, New York. In Eng.
The author
examines why physiologists, who generally believe that the reproductive
effects of maternal undernutrition are large, differ from demographers,
who generally discount these effects as unimportant. He concludes that
"the studies done to date...have been so deficient and difficult to
compare--and this includes both demographic and physiological
studies--that no firm conclusions are as yet possible save that severe
malnutrition probably does have an effect. As far as more subtle forms
of undernutrition are concerned, the question remains
open."
Correspondence: J. W. Wood, Pennsylvania State
University, Department of Anthropology, University Park, PA 16802.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
60:40362 Brewster,
Karin L. Race differences in sexual activity among
adolescent women: the role of neighborhood characteristics.
American Sociological Review, Vol. 59, No. 3, Jun 1994. 408-24 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"In this study, I explore the role of
neighborhood characteristics in determining race differences in the
nonmarital sexual activity of [U.S.] adolescents....The impact of
neighborhood characteristics on the race difference in sexual activity
is posited to be a function of the pervasive racial segregation
characterizing housing patterns in the United States. The results
suggests that the race difference in the risk of first intercourse
reflects race differences in access to economic resources and exposure
to successful adult role models."
Correspondence: K. L.
Brewster, Florida State University, Center for the Study of Population,
Tallahassee, FL 32306-4063. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:40363 Flanagan,
Niamh; Richardson, Valerie. Unmarried mothers: a social
profile. ISBN 1-870089-81-2. 1992. 118 pp. University College,
Social Science Research Centre, Department of Social Policy and Social
Work: Dublin, Ireland; National Maternity Hospital, Social Work
Research Unit: Dublin, Ireland. In Eng.
"Since the late 1950s the
number of children delivered to unmarried women in Ireland has
increased tenfold. In the same period the number of children placed
for adoption doubled initially, then returned to the level of the
1950s. While such trends come as no surprise they tell little, if
anything, about the mothers involved. This study looks beyond the
macro trends to examine the social profile of a significant group in
Irish society. Using national and international data and a study
population of over 5,000 unmarried women who delivered in the National
Maternity Hospital, Dublin, the study documents the parenting decision,
parental awareness and support, the women's relationships with their
partners and other issues."
Correspondence: University
College, Social Science Research Centre, Department of Social Policy
and Social Work, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. Location: New
York Public Library, New York, NY.
60:40364 Gage,
Anastasia; Meekers, Dominique. The social supports for
unmarried mothers. Population Research Institute Working Paper,
No. 94-12, May 1994. 32 pp. Pennsylvania State University, Population
Research Institute: University Park, Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"In this
paper, we explore the social supports for unmarried mothers in
Botswana, Namibia and Zambia using data from the Demographic and Health
Surveys. The first section of the paper examines the living
arrangements of unmarried mothers, because their patterns of family
structure may reflect the economic and social resources that affect
their children's welfare. Next, we examine the role of the family in
providing childcare and childrearing assistance to unmarried mothers.
In the final section, we explore issues pertaining to partner
support."
Correspondence: Pennsylvania State University,
Population Research Institute, 601 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA
16802-6211. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40365 Gage,
Anastasia J.; Meekers, Dominique. Sexual activity before
marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa. Social Biology, Vol. 41, No. 1-2,
Spring-Summer 1994. 44-60 pp. Port Angeles, Washington. In Eng.
"Using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys, the authors
investigated sexual activity among never-married women aged 15-24 in
Botswana, Burundi, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, and Zimbabwe. While there
are important cross-country differentials, in most countries the
majority of unmarried adolescents have been sexually active. Contrary
to the common belief that teenage premarital sexual activity is a new
phenomenon caused by socioeconomic development, particularly Western
education, the data show that in most countries sexual activity among
unmarried adolescents was also common in the past, and that increases
across cohorts have occurred mostly in countries where the prevalence
was already high. For most countries, there is little support for
theories claiming that education is associated with loose morals and
high levels of premarital sexual activity."
This is a revised
version of a paper originally presented at the 1992 Annual Meeting of
the Population Association of America.
Correspondence: A.
J. Gage, Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785
Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40366 Manning,
Wendy D. The linkage between premarital fertility and
cohabitation in the U.S. NSFH Working Paper, No. 52, Jul 1992. 38,
[5] pp. University of Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology:
Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
"Data from the National Survey of
Families and Households were used to examine the relationship between
premarital fertility and cohabitation among never-married white and
black women in the United States." The results suggest that "the
linkage between cohabitation and premarital fertility may be more
pronounced in recent years with the prevalence of cohabitation prior to
marriage, delay of first marriages, and increased sexual activity of
young adults."
This paper was originally presented at the 1992
Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: University of Wisconsin, Center
for Demography and Ecology, 4412 Social Science Building, 1180
Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1393. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40367 Russell,
Margo. Women, children and marriage in Swaziland.
International Journal of Sociology of the Family, Vol. 23, No. 1,
Spring 1993. 43-57 pp. New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author
discusses reasons for the high rate of premarital births in Swaziland
and considers the implications of the pattern. "The high rate of
births before marriage in Swaziland is not a new phenomenon but an
established pattern....However changing economic circumstances now
render children less valuable than they were, and this is reflected in
changing emphasis of rites of marriage....It is also reflected in
women's kin's insistence that children receive their father's name,
thereby increasing the likelihood that fathers will appropriate
them."
Correspondence: M. Russell, University of
Stellenbosch, Department of Sociology, Stellenbosch 7600, Cape
Province, South Africa. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:40368 Sly, David
F.; Wu, Chingfa; Rahman, Abdul. HIV transmission risk
implications of estimates of premarital conceptions: the case of
Indonesia. Center for the Study of Population Working Paper, No.
WPS 94-121, [1994]. 18, [6] pp. Florida State University, College of
Social Sciences, Center for the Study of Population: Tallahassee,
Florida. In Eng.
"Using data from the 1987 Indonesian Contraceptive
Prevalence Survey...we use marital month of first birth to derive
estimates of premarital conceptions for marriage cohorts. The
estimates produced suggest that the level of premarital sexual
intercourse has been rising steadily since the late 1950s, but
particularly fast since the mid to late 1970s....The implications of
these observations for the development and targeting of intervention
programs is discussed."
Correspondence: Florida State
University, Center for the Study of Population, Tallahassee, FL
32306-4063. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:40369 Tarver,
James D.; Miller, H. Max. Fertility outside marriage in a
developing country: Botswana. [La fecondite hors mariage dans un
pays en developpement: le Botswana.] Population, Vol. 49, No. 3,
May-Jun 1994. 798-800 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
An analysis of
nonmarital fertility in Botswana is presented using data primarily
taken from the Botswana Family Health Survey of 1988. Reasons for the
increase in fertility outside marriage in recent years are
discussed.
Correspondence: J. D. Tarver, Howard University,
2400 Sixth Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20059. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
