60:30647 Chang, Tan
Poo. Implications of changing family structures on old-age
support in Asia. Asian Population Studies Series, No. 124, Nov
1993. 160-5 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"In many developing
countries of Asia and the Pacific, ageing is now emerging as a cause of
concern as the proportion and number of older persons has begun to
grow, and is projected to continue doing so over the coming
decades....The tempo of ageing varies considerably across Asian
countries who are at differing stages of socioeconomic development and
with differing social and cultural systems." The author examines types
of old-age support and care; the implications of changing family
structures, including the effects of industrialization, urbanization,
migration, changing marriage patterns, declining fertility and
mortality, and health and other social changes; and strengthening
family support for old age.
Correspondence: T. P. Chang,
University of Malaya, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Lembah
Pantai, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:30648 Denton,
Frank T.; Feaver, Christine H.; Spencer, Byron G. Teachers
and the birth rate: the demographic dynamics of a service
population. QSEP Research Report, No. 301, Sep 1993. 40 pp.
McMaster University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Program for
Quantitative Studies in Economics and Population: Hamilton, Canada. In
Eng.
"A theoretical model is developed in which the market for
teachers is linked to the time path of fertility in the general
population....Simulation experiments are carried out to investigate the
effects of changes in fertility rates on supply/requirements imbalances
in the teachers' market, the median age of teachers, and other
variables."
Correspondence: McMaster University, Faculty of
Social Sciences, Program for Quantitative Studies in Economics and
Population, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M4, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30649 Jones,
Gavin W. Dilemmas in expanding education for faster
economic growth: Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. In: Human
resources in development along the Asia-Pacific Rim, edited by Naohiro
Ogawa, Gavin W. Jones, and Jeffrey G. Williamson. 1993. 229-58 pp.
Oxford University Press, South-East Asian Publishing Unit: Singapore.
In Eng.
The relationship between economic development and the
expansion of education systems in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand is
explored. In particular "this chapter [addresses] certain issues
regarding the employment of the better educated which are occupying the
minds of politicians and planners throughout the
region."
Correspondence: G. W. Jones, Australian National
University, Research School of Social Sciences, Division of Demography
and Sociology, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
60:30650 Kaiser,
Robert J. Social mobilization in Soviet Central Asia.
In: Geographic perspectives on Soviet Central Asia, edited by Robert A.
Lewis. 1992. 251-78 pp. Routledge: New York, New York/London, England.
In Eng.
"The purpose of this chapter is to examine the social
mobilization of the indigenous nations of Soviet Central Asia and
Kazakhstan, and the extent to which this has resulted in a
'Sovietization' of the population. Social mobilization is defined as
'the process in which major clusters of old social, economic and
psychological commitments are eroded and broken and people become
available for new patterns of socialization and behaviour'....This
process may be viewed as resulting in the social integration of a
nation's population into the modernized sectors of Soviet
society."
Location: Rutgers University Library, New
Brunswick, NJ.
60:30651 Karim, Raj
A. Policies and programmes for fully involving women in
development. Asian Population Studies Series, No. 124, Nov 1993.
53-61 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
The author discusses "the
importance of concerted efforts to fully involve women in the
development process and to provide them the necessary support to enable
this process to be a reality." Aspects considered include integrating
women's concerns into development planning; education and training;
female labor force participation; institutional and social support;
health and family planning; protective legislation; research and
monitoring; and roles of international agencies and regional
cooperation. National development plans and policies in selected ESCAP
countries are briefly reviewed.
Correspondence: R. A.
Karim, National Population and Family Development Board, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30652 Kritz, Mary
M.; Makinwa-Adebusoye, Paulina. Women's resource control
and demand for children in Africa. Population and Development
Program Working Paper Series, No. 93.09, [1993]. 16, [4] pp. Cornell
University, Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development
Program: Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
"This paper explores the
possibility that women's position in some African societies may be a
factor that will shape fertility patterns in the region. In
particular, we examine the hypothesis that the demand for children is
lower in African societies that allow women to participate in economic
activities and control their earnings." The focus of the study is on
the social organization of the family and women's work in two Nigerian
ethnic groups, the Hausa and Yoruba, using survey data gathered in
1991.
Correspondence: Cornell University, Department of
Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program, 134 Warren Hall,
Ithaca, NY 14853-7801. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:30653 Kurien,
Prema A. Ethnicity, migration and social change: a study
of three emigrant communities in Kerala, India. Pub. Order No.
DA9406971. 1993. 262 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann
Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This dissertation, based on field work
carried out between June 1989 and December 1990, is a qualitative study
of the variation in patterns of social change manifested by three
ethnically different villages in Kerala, India which had a large
out-migration to the Middle Eastern region. The primary focus is a
discussion and analysis of the three patterns of migration and the
ensuing differences in economic behavior, ritual and cultural changes,
and gender relationships in the communities. The argument is that these
variations in the outcome of migration were due to the mediating role
of ethnicity...." The study was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at
Brown University.
Correspondence: University Microfilms
International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities
and Social Sciences 54(10).
60:30654 Livenais,
Patrick; Vaugelade, Jacques. Education, demographic
change, and development. [Education, changements demographiques et
developpement.] Collection Colloques et Seminaires, ISBN 2-7099-1172-8.
1993. 237 pp. Institut Francais de Recherche Scientifique pour le
Developpement en Cooperation [ORSTOM]: Paris, France. In Fre.
These
are the proceedings of the fourth international demographic conference
organized by ORSTOM, held in Paris on September 11-13, 1991. The 23
papers reproduced here focus on aspects of education, population
change, and development in developing countries. Three of the papers
concern Asia, one the Caribbean, and the rest Africa. The works are
divided into three sections: the first is primarily methodological and
concerns the development of population education; the second looks at
the demand for education in general in countries with rapidly growing
populations and economic constraints; and the third section covers the
implications for education policies.
Correspondence:
Institut Francais de Recherche Scientifique pour le Developpement en
Cooperation, 213 rue La Fayette, 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30655 Rofman,
Rafael P. Social security and income distribution:
mortality and equity in pension plans. Pub. Order No. DA9408100.
1993. 274 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan.
In Eng.
"This dissertation has two major objectives: to develop a
simple methodology applicable to different Social Security systems in
order to assess the distributive effect they have and the effect
mortality differentials have on them, and to apply this methodology in
an evaluation of the U.S. Social Security system." The study was
prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the University of California at
Berkeley.
Correspondence: University Microfilms
International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities
and Social Sciences 54(10).
60:30656 Smith,
Kenneth W. Social security in periods of demographic
uncertainty: a theoretical and empirical analysis. Pub. Order No.
DA9332697. 1993. 131 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann
Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
This study was prepared as a doctoral
dissertation at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. "Three essays
explore the effect of population growth on social security (SS) [in the
United States]. The first essay considers the SS program in a public
choice framework....In the second essay a time series analysis examines
the relationship between SS financing policy and demographics and
demographic expectations....The final essay examines the efficacy of SS
as a means of income insurance."
Correspondence: University
Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI
48106-1346. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A:
Humanities and Social Sciences 54(10).
60:30657
Dixon-Mueller, Ruth; Germain, Adrienne. Population
policy and feminist political action in three developing
countries. Population and Development Review, Vol. 20, Suppl.,
1994. 197-219 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This chapter
examines the impact of women's political action on population, family
planning, and health policies during the 1980s in Brazil, Nigeria, and
the Philippines. These three countries have been selected because they
represent similar processes of democratization and economic crisis but
different regions, population policies, demographic processes, and
levels of women's political mobilization."
Correspondence:
R. Dixon-Mueller, International Women's Health Coalition, 24 East 21st
Street, New York, NY 10010. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:30658 Eberstadt,
Nicholas. Demographic shocks after Communism: Eastern
Germany, 1989-93. Population and Development Review, Vol. 20, No.
1, Mar 1994. 137-52, 250, 252 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum.
in Fre; Spa.
"This note reviews trends in fertility, nuptiality,
and mortality between 1989 and 1993 for the population within the
territory previously administered by the German Democratic Republic.
The momentous political events witnessed in this region during this
period (the collapse of the Berlin Wall and downfall of Communist rule;
the rapid transition from centrally planned to 'social market' economy;
the accession through unification into the Federal Republic of Germany)
find their counterpart in an upheaval of local demographic trends.
During the years in question, Eastern Germany fertility rates underwent
an extraordinary decline. Marriage rates were similarly affected.
Perhaps most unexpectedly, age-specific mortality rates for many male
and female age groups appear to have risen--this, despite ostensible
increases in per capita consumption and improvements in medical
services owing to unification."
Correspondence: N.
Eberstadt, Harvard University, School of Public Health, Center for
Population and Development Studies, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30659 Fargues,
Philippe. Demography and politics in the Arab world.
Population. English Selection, Vol. 5, 1993. 1-20 pp. Paris, France.
In Eng.
The author investigates the relation between politics and
demography in the contemporary Arab world. He "[takes] into account
not only population growth but also population size and structure, and
[relates] these not only to crises but also to a broad array of
political events and contexts...." Aspects considered include the
value of population size, the ambivalence of differential growth, and
Islam and the population pyramid.
Correspondence: P.
Fargues, Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du
Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:30660 Jones,
Philip N.; Wild, Trevor. Opening the frontier: recent
spatial impacts in the former inner-German border zone. Regional
Studies, Vol. 28, No. 3, 1994. 259-73 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
with sum. in Fre; Ger.
The authors examine the 1989 removal of the
frontier region (Zonenrandgebiet) along the eastern border of the
former Federal Republic of Germany. "The paper examines the
socio-economic impacts on the North Bavarian section of the
Zonenrandgebiet, which is characterized by its dispersed industrial
base and lack of higher-order urban centres. Evidence is presented of
rapid upturns in population growth and economic activity, together with
a large inflow of commuters from the former East Germany and
Czechoslovakia, following frontier opening. Traffic, environmental
pressures and living costs have also increased. Both positive and
negative impacts are strongest in districts contiguous with the former
frontier. Long-term development prospects hinge on its newly-gained
centrality within Germany. Substantial local benefits are
anticipated...,but they are unlikely to induce a major reshaping of the
German space-economy; this will be dominated by the rivalry between the
largest metropolitan centres."
Correspondence: P. N. Jones,
University of Hull, School of Geography and Earth Resources, Hull HU6
7RX, England. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
60:30661 Kokole,
Omari H. The politics of fertility in Africa.
Population and Development Review, Vol. 20, Suppl., 1994. 73-88 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"In this article, the political and
cultural constraints that have impeded family planning programs in
Africa are identified and analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the
interplay between indigenous values and Western values, within a range
of cultural, political, military, and economic variables." Factors
considered include cultural values and procreation, the politics of
high fertility, ethnic competition and population politics, dual
societies and competitive fertility, and the demography of apartheid.
"Demonstrably, political factors, especially ethnic rivalries in
Africa's inchoate nation-states, impede the adoption of national
policies intended to curtail human fertility....Possible solutions
range from the decentralization of political power (distributing power
to the various ethnic groups) to nation building used as a strategy to
forge a national identity that would transcend ethnic loyalties. The
expansion of secular modern education is a further possible
solution."
Correspondence: O. H. Kokole, State University
of New York, Institute of Global Cultural Studies, Binghamton, NY
13901. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30662 McIntosh,
C. Alison; Finkle, Jason L. The politics of family
planning: issues for the future. Population and Development
Review, Vol. 20, Suppl., 1994. 265-75 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The authors provide a summary of papers in this volume on the
politics of population . "The central thesis of the volume is that
while population policy continues to generate political differences,
the nature of the debate in recent years has changed in a fundamental
way....The difference today is that while almost all leaders of
developing countries recognize the advantages to be gained from
reducing population growth, the primary means for achieving this
result--family planning programs--has become a matter of heated
political controversy."
Correspondence: C. A. McIntosh,
University of Michigan, Population Fellows Program, Ann Arbor, MI
48109-2029. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30663
Murphy-Lawless, Jo. Fertility, bodies and
politics: the Irish case. Reproductive Health Matters, No. 2, Nov
1993. 53-64 pp. London, England. In Eng.
Women's reproductive
rights in Ireland are discussed, with a focus on recent fertility
trends, changes in abortion law, family planning, women's autonomy, and
political and social viewpoints. Some comparisons are made with the
situation in other European countries.
Correspondence: J.
Murphy-Lawless, Trinity College, Centre for Women's Studies, Dublin 2,
Ireland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30664 Myers,
George C.; Agree, Emily M. Social and political
implications of population ageing: ageing of the electorate. In:
International Population Conference/Congres International de la
Population: Montreal 1993, Volume 3. 1993. 37-49 pp. International
Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium.
In Eng.
The effects of demographic aging on the age distribution of
voters and on voting behavior in developed countries are discussed.
Data from West Germany, Sweden, and the United States are used to
illustrate the analysis.
Correspondence: G. C. Myers, Duke
University, Center for Demographic Studies, 2117 Campus Drive, Durham,
NC 27706. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30665 Pirozhkov,
Sergei; Safarova, Gaiane. Demographic regularities and
irregularities: the population age structure. In: Demographic
trends and patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991, edited by Wolfgang
Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andrei Volkov. 1994. 441-60 pp. Routledge:
New York, New York/London, England; International Institute for Applied
Systems Analysis [IIASA]: Laxenburg, Austria. In Eng.
The stable
population method is used to estimate population losses during World
War II in the former Soviet Union. An analysis of shifts in age and
sex distributions from 1896 to 1989 is presented. The authors conclude
that "an important characteristic of change in the USSR population age
distribution consisted in significant deformations of separate age
cohorts due to crisis phenomena. The approximate estimates of
population losses during the 1930s and 1940s described in this
chapter...include indirect losses expressed in decreases in the number
of births of subsequent generations."
Correspondence: S.
Pirozhkov, National Institute for Strategic Research, Kiev, Ukraine.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30666 Tallon,
Fabrice. Demographic pressure: a factor in political
instability. [La pression demographique: un facteur de
destabilisation politique.] Imbonezamuryango/Famille, Sante,
Developpement, Vol. 23, 1991. 19-24 pp. Kigali, Rwanda. In Fre.
A
review of population trends in Rwanda is presented. They include the
growing pressure on available land and resources due to an increase in
the numbers of people and cattle. The author finds that this pressure,
combined with ethnic tensions, has created an explosive political
situation. He concludes that political stability is possible only if a
vigorous population policy is implemented.
Correspondence:
F. Tallon, UN Office National de la Population, B.P. 914, Kigali,
Rwanda. Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
60:30667 Warwick,
Donald P. The politics of research on fertility
control. Population and Development Review, Vol. 20, Suppl., 1994.
179-93 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This chapter explores the
impact of politics on population research and of population research on
politics. It poses two central questions: (1) How does politics
affect the accuracy and honesty of research on fertility control? and
(2) What are the political uses of studies on fertility control? The
primary focus is on the politics-research nexus in the United
States."
Correspondence: D. P. Warwick, Harvard Institute
for International Development, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30668 Williams,
James D. Using demographic analysis to fix political
geography. Applied Demography, Vol. 8, No. 3, Winter 1994. 1-3 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author describes the use of
demographic analysis to solve redistricting problems in New Mexico
following the 1990 U.S. census.
Correspondence: J. D.
Williams, New Mexico State University, Department of Sociology, Las
Cruces, NM 88003. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:30669 Achio,
Mayra; DeVries, Henny; Garcia, Cathalina; Gomez, Miguel; Gross,
Socorro; Lindeboom, Wietze; Rosero, Luis; Ramirez, Helena;
Grummer-Strawn, Larry; Morris, Leo; Stupp, Paul; Gomez, Victor
M. Fertility and family formation: National Survey of
Reproductive Health, 1993. [Fecundidad y formacion de la familia:
Encuesta Nacional de Salud Reproductiva de 1993.] May 1994. xxvi, [204]
pp. Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social, Departamento de Medicina
Preventiva, Programa Salud Reproductiva: San Jose, Costa Rica. In Spa.
Results from the National Survey of Reproductive Health undertaken
in Costa Rica in 1993, and involving 3,618 women aged 15-49, are
presented. The report includes chapters on the demographic transition,
the methodology of the survey, housing characteristics of those
surveyed, the health status of women of reproductive age, nuptiality,
sex behavior of those aged 15-24, fertility, health status of children
under five, family planning, family planning services, and reproductive
attitudes.
Correspondence: Caja Costarricense del Seguro
Social, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Programa Salud
Reproductiva, Apartado 1434-1011 Y-Griega, San Jose, Costa Rica.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30670 Aggleton,
Peter; O'Reilly, Kevin; Slutkin, Gary; Davies, Peter.
Risking everything? Risk behavior, behavior change, and AIDS.
Science, Vol. 265, No. 5170, Jul 15, 1994. 341-5 pp. Washington, D.C.
In Eng.
The authors review the current state of the global AIDS
epidemic and find that "inquiry into the determinants of risk-related
sexual behavior is important for the development of interventions to
reduce the incidence of new cases of human immunodeficiency virus
infection. Recent social and behavioral research has revealed much
about the individual and social factors influencing risk-taking.
Findings from these studies have been important in the development of
new educational and community-based interventions for communities at
risk in developed and developing worlds."
Correspondence:
P. Aggleton, World Health Organization, Global Programme on AIDS,
Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SQ).
60:30671 Al-Mazrou,
Yagob; Farid, Samir. Reproductive patterns and child
survival in Saudi Arabia. 1993. xvii, 227 pp. Ministry of Health:
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Council of Health Ministers of G.C.C. States:
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. In Eng.
"This volume brings together the
results of further detailed analysis of data from the Saudi Arabia
National Child Health Survey (NCHS) which was implemented in
1987....The Principal Report of the NCHS...presented basic tables and
provided a descriptive and situational account of the bio-demographic
factors associated with child survival in Saudi Arabia. This volume
consists of reports on further analysis of data collected in the NCHS
on the levels, trends and differentials in nuptiality and fertility,
and the determinants of maternal health care, breastfeeding, prevalence
of diarrhea and infant and child mortality."
For the principal
report, published in 1991 and by the same authors, see 60:10633.
Correspondence: Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30672 Anderson,
Roy M.; May, Robert M. Understanding the AIDS
pandemic. Scientific American, Vol. 266, No. 5, May 1992. 58-66
pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The authors outline the use of
mathematical models in the study of the complex relations between the
epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS in individuals and the spread of
the disease within communities. "Mathematical models chart a slow but
continuous development of the AIDS epidemic over many decades. Because
they reveal a pattern where the numbers of cases of HIV infection (and
thence of AIDS) increase faster as time goes on, in compound-interest
fashion, the models have an important role to play in convincing
governments and international aid agencies of the wisdom of acting now,
not later."
Correspondence: R. M. Anderson, London
University, Imperial College, Department of Biology, London SW7 2AZ,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
60:30673 Bah,
Sulaiman M. Dynamics of morbidity and mortality in Africa
and implications for health care planning. Pub. Order No.
DANN81299. ISBN 0-315-81299-0. 1993. 255 pp. University Microfilms
International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
This study, prepared as
a doctoral dissertation at the University of Western Ontario, "aims to
tie together the empirical, theoretical and policy oriented aspects
dealing with the dynamics of morbidity and mortality in Africa....As
data availability in Africa is poor, [separate submodels are
constructed]...for the indirect estimation of morbidity and of
mortality....A specific application...is in health care
planning."
Correspondence: University Microfilms
International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities
and Social Sciences 54(8).
60:30674 Barnum,
Howard; Greenberg, Robert E. Cancers. In: Disease
control priorities in developing countries, edited by Dean T. Jamison
et al. 1993. 529-59 pp. Oxford University Press: New York, New
York/Oxford, England; World Bank: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Despite
its importance in adult mortality, cancer has not been considered in
shaping health policy in most developing countries. The discussion that
follows provides a brief survey of the epidemiology of cancer and gives
suggestions for incorporating cancer planning in health policy. The
appendix provides a review of the salient characteristics of ten of the
most important cancers and the environmental, behavioral,
physiological, and occupational circumstances--collectively referred to
as risk factors--that have been associated with their
occurrence."
Correspondence: H. Barnum, World Bank, 1818 H
Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:30675 Bobadilla,
Jose L.; Frenk, Julio; Lozano, Rafael; Frejka, Tomas; Stern,
Claudio. The epidemiologic transition and health
priorities. In: Disease control priorities in developing
countries, edited by Dean T. Jamison et al. 1993. 51-63 pp. Oxford
University Press: New York, New York/Oxford, England; World Bank:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"In this chapter we attempt to apply the
theory of the epidemiologic transition to explain the recent
transformations and the future evolution of health needs in
populations. We particularly refer to middle-income countries, where
such transition adopts specific forms and where the gap between the
changing character of health problems and the adequacy of the social
response is of significant concern. Among the middle-income countries,
Mexico is used to illustrate the basic information and methods required
to incorporate demographic and epidemiologic criteria into the process
of planning for health services and related
programs."
Correspondence: J. L. Bobadilla, World Bank,
Population, Health, and Nutrition Department, 1818 H Street NW,
Washington, D.C. 20433. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:30676 Brookmeyer,
Ron; Gail, Mitchell H. AIDS epidemiology: a quantitative
approach. Monographs in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, No. 22,
ISBN 0-19-507641-9. LC 92-48337. 1994. xvi, 354 pp. Oxford University
Press: New York, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The purpose of
this book is to review the contribution of statistical science to our
understanding of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and to
summarize and interpret the major epidemiological findings." Chapters
are included on risk factors for infection and the probability of HIV
transmission, surveys to determine seroprevalence and seroincidence,
screening and accuracy of tests for HIV, statistical issues in
surveillance of AIDS incidence, back-calculation procedures for
estimating and projecting AIDS incidence, epidemic transmission models,
and synthesizing data sources and methods for assessing the scope of
the epidemic.
Correspondence: Oxford University Press, 200
Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Location: Princeton
University Library (SZ).
60:30677 Bunker,
John P.; Frazier, Howard S.; Mosteller, Frederick.
Improving health: measuring effects of medical care. Milbank
Quarterly, Vol. 72, No. 2, 1994. 225-58 pp. Cambridge,
Massachusetts/Oxford, England. In Eng.
The contributions of
individual medical interventions to life expectancy and quality in the
United States are estimated in this article. From these estimates, an
inventory of the benefits to health of medical care is created. The
results indicate that "an aggregate effect of medical care on life
expectancy is found to be roughly five years during this century, with
a further potential of two years. Although there is no overall index
of quality of life analogous to life expectancy, our inventory
demonstrates the enormous burden of pain, suffering, and dysfunction
that afflicts the population for which medical care can provide a large
measure of relief." An appendix containing a discussion of the methods
used and their limitations is included (pp.
255-8).
Correspondence: J. P. Bunker, King's College School
of Medicine and Dentistry, CRC Trials Center, Rayne Institute, 123
Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:30678 de Beer,
J.; Visser, H. The effect of future demographic
development on medical consumption. [Effecten van toekomstige
demografische ontwikkelingen op medische consumptie.] Maandstatistiek
van de Bevolking, Vol. 42, No. 3, Mar 1994. 22-9 pp. Voorburg,
Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
The effect of demographic
trends in the Netherlands from 1990 to 2030 on the demand for health
services is analyzed. The author attempts to calculate the impact of
both population growth and demographic aging on this
demand.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30679 Dean,
Kathryn. Population health research: linking theory and
methods. ISBN 0-8039-8751-X. LC 93-084880. 1993. ix, 246 pp. Sage
Publications: Thousand Oaks, California/London, England. In Eng.
This collection of 11 studies by various authors "offers a
comprehensive introduction to the methodological basis of population
health research, and a critical assessment of theoretical issues
affecting the quality of research on health behaviour. In research
into the many factors that shape human health or illness, the
traditional emphasis has been on experimental design and the
statistical effects of specific factors. This book provides evidence
of the limitations of these traditional approaches and demonstrates the
value of theory-guided, multi-method approaches for research into the
complex forces affecting health, health-related behaviour and the
effectiveness of the health services. Appropriate analytical models as
mechanisms for building theoretical knowledge are an important theme."
The approach is interdisciplinary.
Correspondence: Sage
Publications, 6 Bonhill Street, London EC2A 4PU, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30680 Engle,
Patrice L.; Carmichael, Suzan L.; Gorman, Kathleen; Pollitt,
Ernesto. Demographic and socio-economic changes in
families in four Guatemalan villages, 1967-1987. Food and
Nutrition Bulletin, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1993. 237-45 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In
Eng.
"The Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama
(INCAP) carried out a longitudinal study of the effects of nutritional
improvements on growth and development in early childhood in four
villages in eastern Guatemala, 1969-1977, with a preparatory survey in
1967 and a follow-up study of the participants in 1988-1989. This
paper examines differences among the four villages in education,
occupation, quality of housing, and demographic profiles over a 20-year
period....The results suggest gradual improvement in all the villages
on a number of indicators. However, the two pairs of village were not
comparable on all measures; of particular concern for the
interpretation of effects on cognitive development are differences in
education."
Correspondence: P. L. Engle, California
Polytechnic State University, Department of Psychology and Human
Development, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:30681 Garnett,
Geoffrey P.; Anderson, Roy M. Factors controlling the
spread of HIV in heterosexual communities in developing countries:
patterns of mixing between different age and sexual activity
classes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of
London: B. Biological Sciences, Vol. 342, No. 1300, 1993. 137-59 pp.
London, England. In Eng.
"The paper describes the development and
analysis of a mathematical model of the spread and demographic impact
of HIV in heterosexual communities in developing countries....Summary
parameters are derived to represent different mixing patterns, ranging
from assortative via random to disassortative, as are methods to ensure
that particular mixing patterns between different age and sexual
classes (stratified on the basis of rates of sexual partner change)
meet constraints that balance the supply and demand for sexual partners
as AIDS induced mortality influences the demographic structure of a
population....Simulated patterns of HIV spread across the two sexes and
various age classes are compared with observed patterns in Uganda. The
[principal] conclusion of the study is that the pattern of mixing
between age and sexual activity classes, combined with the assumptions
made to balance supply and demand between the sexes have a very major
influence on the predicted pattern of HIV spread and the demographic
impact of AIDS."
Correspondence: G. P. Garnett, London
University, Imperial College, Parasite Epidemiology Research Group,
London SW7 2BB, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:30682 Giffin,
Karen. Women's health and the privatization of fertility
control in Brazil. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 39, No. 3,
Aug 1994. 355-60 pp. Tarrytown, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
The author examines the impact of the privatization of family
planning programs on women's reproductive health in Brazil. She finds
that "while both the rate of contraceptive use and the types of methods
used (oral contraceptives and surgical sterilization) are modern, the
privatization of fertility control has resulted in a complete
separation between fertility control and health care for poor women,
who are the vast majority. Evidence indicates that many, perhaps most,
women accumulate the health effects of totally uncontrolled and
incorrect use of oral contraceptives, including unwanted pregnancies
and illegal abortions, in the end resorting to clandestine surgical
sterilization, which is usually performed through unnecessary caesarean
section. Data on reproductive morbidity and mortality, however, are
virtually non-existent....As a result, a gender approach to
reproductive health care is now being proposed for government
programmes. The Brazilian case serves as an example of the limits faced
by such programmes when adopted in a wider context of unfavorable
political conditions."
Correspondence: K. Giffin, Escola
Nacional de Saude Publica, Departamento de Ciencias Sociais, Rua
Leopoldo Bulhoes 1480, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
60:30683 Goldman,
Noreen; Pebley, Anne R. Childhood immunization and
pregnancy-related services in Guatemala. Health Transition Review,
Vol. 4, No. 1, Apr 1994. 29-44 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"In
this paper we examine the experience of one poor country, Guatemala,
that provided childhood immunization partly through a major national
campaign, and provided pregnancy-related services through government
health facilities, during the 1980s. Specifically, we compare the
breadth of coverage of these two types of services using national
sample survey data collected in 1987....[Results indicate] first, that
immunization is more likely to be used by hard-to-reach segments of the
population, including those living in remote areas and at a distance
from health facilities, the indigenous population, and poorly educated
mothers; and secondly, that immunization is less strongly related to
social, economic, ethnic, and geographic factors than is the use of
physicians or nurses during pregnancy and
delivery."
Correspondence: N. Goldman, Princeton
University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue,
Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:30684 Goldstein,
Alice; Watkins, Susan C.; Spector, Ann R. Childhood
health-care practices among Italians and Jews in the United States,
1910-1940. Health Transition Review, Vol. 4, No. 1, Apr 1994.
54-62 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"This paper examines
attitudes toward childhood health-care practices among urban Italian
and Jewish families in the United States in the first part of the
twentieth century....Jewish women were more likely to turn rapidly to
professional medical assistance, typically from Jewish doctors, whereas
Italian women were more likely to rely longer on common sense before
eventually seeking professional medical intervention outside the family
and ethnic group. These differences are evident both in the
respondents' recollections of their mothers' and their own child-care
practices, and suggest persistent ethnic cultures. That differences in
child care are consistent with the mortality differences documented in
other sources supports previous speculations about the importance of
child care, and thus the role of culture in health transitions....Our
respondents were 55 Jewish and 30 Italian women between ages 70 and 97,
who were interviewed over the course of several months in
1990-91."
This is a revised version of a paper originally presented
at the 1993 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: A. Goldstein, Brown University,
Population Studies and Training Center, Box 1916, Providence, RI
02912. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30685 Gomez
Gomez, Elsa. Gender, women, and health in the
Americas. Scientific Publication, No. 541, ISBN 92-75-11541-9.
1993. xix, 280 pp. Pan American Health Organization [PAHO]: Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
"This collection of works on women and health examines
two well-known paradoxes regarding sex differences in the context of
health. The first involves the fact that although women can expect to
live longer than men, they will also be sick more often during their
lifetime. The second deals with the fact that, although women are
represented in the health sector in greater numbers than are males,
most positions of highest power, prestige, and remuneration in the
sector are held by men....This publication's main analytical emphasis
is on detecting and examining the inequalities between sexes, which, in
terms of certain aspects of the health situation and the delivery of
health services, translate into discrimination against women or place
women at a disadvantage." The geographical focus is on Latin America
and the Caribbean.
Correspondence: Pan American Health
Organization, 525 23rd Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30686 Holloway,
Marguerite. Trends in women's health: a global view.
Scientific American, Vol. 271, No. 2, Aug 1994. 76-83 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
The author reviews gender inequalities in health care
practices worldwide and their effect on women's well being. She
examines sex-selective abortion, the etiology of AIDS and heart disease
in women, adolescent pregnancy, the need for attention to men's roles
in the family planning process, and changing attitudes toward female
genital mutilation.
Correspondence: M. Holloway, Scientific
American, 415 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10017-1111.
Location: Princeton University Library (SW).
60:30687 Inaba,
Hisashi. Calculating R[0] for HIV infection via pair
formation. Institute of Population Problems Working Paper Series,
No. 19, Feb 1994. 27 pp. Institute of Population Problems: Tokyo,
Japan. In Eng.
"In this paper we first formulate a dynamical model
for [the] HIV/AIDS epidemic spread by pair formation in heterosexual
populations. Host populations are structured by duration since
infection and duration of pair. Next, based on the pair formation
model, we investigate the invasion problem of the HIV epidemic. To
this aim, we formulate the linearized equation around the disease-free
steady state and calculate the basic reproduction ratio...under some
conditions of simplification. Finally we discuss effects of
persistence of pairs and variable infectivity on [the basic
reproduction ratio]."
Correspondence: Institute of
Population Problems, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1-2-2
Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-45, Japan. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30688 Jamison,
Dean T.; Mosley, W. Henry; Measham, Anthony R.; Bobadilla, Jose
L. Disease control priorities in developing
countries. World Bank Book, ISBN 0-19-520990-7. LC 92-48723. 1993.
xvii, 746 pp. Oxford University Press: New York, New York/Oxford,
England; World Bank: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This book provides
information on interventions for the most common diseases and injuries
occurring in developing countries, and is designed to help those
countries develop essential health services. Following three
introductory chapters on causes of death around the world and the
epidemiological transition, the remaining 25 contributions are
organized into sections on infectious disease, reproductive health and
malnutrition, and emerging problems.
Selected items will be cited in
this or subsequent issues of Population
Index.
Correspondence: Oxford University Press, 200 Madison
Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:30689 Japanese
Organization for International Cooperation in Family Planning [JOICFP]
(Tokyo, Japan). A grassroots movement to improve the
quality of life: integrating family planning with health care and
community development activities. JOICFP Documentary Series, No.
19, Mar 1994. 120 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
This report describes a
Japanese-supported project integrating family planning with health care
and other community development activities in China over the period
1982-1993. The project emphasizes health education through the use of
parasite control, and is now active in 18 areas of 16 provinces in
China. This report is a product of a conference held in Beijing in
honor of the project's tenth anniversary.
Correspondence:
Japanese Organization for International Cooperation in Family Planning,
Hoken Kaikan Bekkan, 1-1 Ichigaya Sadohara-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162,
Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30690 Joshi, Arun
R. Maternal schooling and child health: preliminary
analysis of the intervening mechanisms in rural Nepal. Health
Transition Review, Vol. 4, No. 1, Apr 1994. 1-28 pp. Canberra,
Australia. In Eng.
"This article provides evidence from a
community-level study in rural Nepal of the mechanisms by which
schooling affects maternal behaviour and infant and child health. Two
hypotheses concerning the mechanisms are identified and tested. It was
found that schooling equips women with specific skills and dispositions
or identity which significantly predict two principal domains of
health-care behaviour: use of medical services; and changes in
household health behaviour. It was also found that women with
schooling had healthier children using height-for-age as an indicator
of health."
Correspondence: A. R. Joshi, World Bank, 1818 H
Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:30691 Miller,
Jane E. Birth order, interpregnancy interval and birth
outcomes among Filipino infants. Journal of Biosocial Science,
Vol. 26, No. 2, Apr 1994. 243-59 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"This study examines the effects of birth order and interpregnancy
interval on birthweight, gestational age, weight-for-gestational age,
infant length, and weight-for-length in a sample of 2,063 births from a
longitudinal study in the Philippines. First births are the most
disadvantaged of any birth order/spacing group. The risks associated
with short intervals...and high birth order...are confined to infants
who have both attributes....This pattern is observed for all five birth
outcomes and neonatal mortality, and persists in models that control
for mother's age, education, smoking, family health history and
nutritional status. Since fewer than 2% of births are both short
interval and high birth order, the potential reduction in the incidence
of low birthweight or neonatal mortality from avoiding this category of
high-risk births is quite small (1-2%)."
Correspondence: J.
E. Miller, Rutgers University, Institute for Health, Health Care
Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-5070.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30692 Mosley, W.
Henry; Bobadilla, Jose L.; Jamison, Dean T. The health
transition: implications for health policy in developing
countries. In: Disease control priorities in developing countries,
edited by Dean T. Jamison et al. 1993. 673-99 pp. Oxford University
Press: New York, New York/Oxford, England; World Bank: Washington, D.C.
In Eng.
"Our purpose in this chapter is to explore, in a more
general way, the implications of the epidemiologic and health
transition for health policy. We begin by reviewing the global health
transition and its constituent demographic and epidemiologic
transitions. We then turn to discussion of the implications of these
transitions for national governments and, in closing, we explore
implications for international aid." The geographical focus is on
developing countries.
Correspondence: W. H. Mosley, Johns
Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Department of
Population Dynamics, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30693 Nanda,
Arun; Nossikov, Anatoly; Prokhorskas, Remigijus; Shabanah, Mirvet H.
A. Health in the central and eastern countries of the WHO
European Region: an overview. World Health Statistics
Quarterly/Rapport Trimestriel de Statistiques Sanitaires Mondiales,
Vol. 46, No. 3, 1993. 158-65 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum.
in Fre.
The authors review the health situation in the countries of
central and eastern Europe and the newly independent states of the
former USSR (CCEE/NIS). "The enormous social, political and economic
changes that began in the CCEE/NIS in the late 1980s included the
revelation and public discussion of a widening health gap between these
countries and the other Member States of the European
Region....Diverging trends in life expectancy became evident in the
mid-1970s, and the gap continued to widen in the 1980s for all major
causes of death, particularly cardiovascular diseases. The situation
is worse in the NIS than in the CCEE, and worst in the central Asian
countries....There is no single reason for the health gap, but
contributory factors include the increasing prevalence of major risk
factors in lifestyles and the environment and the low efficiency and
effectiveness of health care systems."
Correspondence: A.
Nanda, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe,
Epidemiology, Statistics and Health Information Unit, Copenhagen,
Denmark. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30694 Orubuloye,
I. O.; Caldwell, John C.; Caldwell, Pat; Santow, Gigi.
Sexual networking and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: behavioural
research and the social context. Health Transition Series, No. 4,
ISBN 0-7315-1901-9. 1994. x, 275 pp. Australian National University,
Health Transition Centre: Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
This is a
collection of studies, most of which have been previously published, on
aspects of sexual networking and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is
primarily designed as a resource tool to be used in African
universities and research centers. The first part contains eight
studies resulting from field research in Nigeria from 1989 to 1993.
The second part has six studies on the social context of
AIDS.
Correspondence: Australian National University,
Health Transition Centre, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30695 Over, Mead;
Piot, Peter. HIV infection and sexually transmitted
diseases. In: Disease control priorities in developing countries,
edited by Dean T. Jamison et al. 1993. 455-527 pp. Oxford University
Press: New York, New York/Oxford, England; World Bank: Washington, D.C.
In Eng.
"Our objective in this chapter is to examine the case for
assigning a high priority to the prevention (primary and secondary) of
the spread of STDs [sexually transmitted diseases], including AIDS and
its causative agent, HIV. Although it would be possible and in some
ways more convenient to separate the discussion of AIDS from that of
other STDs, a central theme of this chapter is the examination of the
epidemiological, medical, and economic arguments for integrating AIDS
prevention efforts with efforts to combat other STDs." The geographical
focus is on developing countries.
Correspondence: M. Over,
World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30696 Paiva,
Vera. Sexuality, condom use and gender norms among
Brazilian teenagers. Reproductive Health Matters, No. 2, Nov 1993.
98-109 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The author explores the social
and cultural context of AIDS and sexual decision-making in Brazil, with
a focus on sexuality, condom use, and gender norms among teenagers.
She reports on "an action-research project aimed at AIDS prevention
among 14-20 year old youths, in a poor section of the city of Sao
Paulo....Our aim with this project was to develop activities that would
have an impact on teenagers' everyday lives....Our standpoint was that
general information, not culturally sensitive information, was not
enough to stimulate safer sex practices or condom use....We aimed to
educate about AIDS by working through AIDS symbolism, sexuality and
reproduction."
Correspondence: V. Paiva, Universidade de
Sao Paulo, Institute of Psychology, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, 01255 Sao
Paulo, SP, Brazil. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:30697 Pearson,
Thomas A.; Jamison, Dean T.; Trejo-Gutierrez, Jorge.
Cardiovascular disease. In: Disease control priorities in
developing countries, edited by Dean T. Jamison et al. 1993. 577-94 pp.
Oxford University Press: New York, New York/Oxford, England; World
Bank: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"We begin this chapter with a brief
discussion of the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerotic and
hypertensive cardiovascular disease, emphasizing the role of the
modifiable risk factors as targets for preventive strategies. We then
review trends in these diseases, making projections into the
twenty-first century. Finally, we discuss preventive and case
management strategies as appropriate to countries with limited health
care resources."
Correspondence: T. A. Pearson, Columbia
University, Morningside Heights, New York, NY 10027.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30698 Piha,
Tapani; Besselink, Eefje; Lopez, Alan D. Tobacco or
health. World Health Statistics Quarterly/Rapport Trimestriel de
Statistiques Sanitaires Mondiales, Vol. 46, No. 3, 1993. 188-94 pp.
Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This overview of
the tobacco situation gives information on consumption and production,
smoking prevalence, mortality and morbidity, legislation and policies
to reduce tobacco use [in the CCEE/NIS, the countries of central and
eastern Europe and newly independent states of the former
USSR]....Tobacco smoking is the major cause of premature death among
men in the CCEE/NIS....When smoking is combined with other types of
harmful health behaviour and environmental influences, the result is
some of the highest mortality rates from lung cancer and other diseases
in the world."
Correspondence: T. Piha, World Health
Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30699 Power,
Chris. National trends in birth weight: implications for
future adult disease. British Medical Journal, Vol. 308, No. 6939,
May 14, 1994. 1,270-1 pp. London, England. In Eng.
Trends in
average birth weight in the United Kingdom since 1975 are examined,
with a focus on the implications for future adult disease. "Although
the general trend is towards heavier births, very low birth weights
([less than] 1500g) are also increasing....Very low weight births are
important in relation to infant deaths, but as they constitute a small
proportion of survivors (under 1%) this increase is unlikely to have a
major impact on population levels of adult
disease."
Correspondence: C. Power, Institute of Child
Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, London WC1N 1EH, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
60:30700
Rosero-Bixby, Luis. Physical accessibility to
health facilities in Costa Rica. In: International Population
Conference/Congres International de la Population: Montreal 1993,
Volume 3. 1993. 185-90 pp. International Union for the Scientific Study
of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"This paper
estimates physical accessibility to health services in Costa Rican
communities and identifies target geographic areas for opening new
health facilities. The analyses use geographic information system
(GIS) methods and [rely] on the concept of population potential. The
paper aims at illustrating the use of simple GIS techniques for solving
an important problem with demographic connotations." The computer
program featured, OSU Map-for-the-PC, generates
maps.
Correspondence: L. Rosero-Bixby, Universidad de Costa
Rica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud, San Jose, Costa Rica.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30701 Sepkowitz,
Samuel. Why infant very low birthweight rates have failed
to decline in the United States vital statistics. International
Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 23, No. 2, Apr 1994. 321-6 pp. Oxford,
England. In Eng.
The author investigates reasons for the apparent
failure to reduce very low birth weight [VLBW] rates in the United
States. "The weights of livebirths and foetal deaths (27,944 births)
at a community hospital during three 5-year periods, 1973-1987, were
examined for trends in low birthweight (LBW) distribution, and they
were contrasted with the U.S. Vital Statistics....Increasing
registration of births in the U.S. may have hidden a marked improvement
in the VLBW problem. More complete registration of births and changes
in the perception of viability appear responsible for the
artefact."
Correspondence: S. Sepkowitz, 5300 North
Meridian, Oklahoma City, OK 73112. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:30702 Sills, Yole
G. The AIDS pandemic: social perspectives.
Contributions in Medical Studies, No. 38, ISBN 0-313-28606-X. LC
93-25064. 1993. ix, 247 pp. Greenwood Press: Westport,
Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
"This book seeks to give the
general reader an overview of the social, economic, and political
impact that AIDS is having throughout the world....[It] offers a
summary of recent writings about AIDS and a framework for thinking
about and assessing the AIDS pandemic....The sources used for this
summary cover a wide range of fields, principally anthropology,
demography, economics, epidemiology, history, medicine, political
science, public health, social psychology, and sociology." Separate
chapters are included on AIDS in developing countries and in the United
States.
Correspondence: Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West,
Westport, CT 06881. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
60:30703 Stanley,
Kenneth. Control of tobacco production and use. In:
Disease control priorities in developing countries, edited by Dean T.
Jamison et al. 1993. 703-23 pp. Oxford University Press: New York, New
York/Oxford, England; World Bank: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Tobacco
production and consumption influence various sectors of society in
different ways, some negatively and some positively. As a result, it
is important to consider the perspectives of these various sectors,
including the individual tobacco user, the tobacco grower, the tobacco
industry, the health community, and governments. My objective in this
chapter is to review the influence of tobacco on each sector, to
determine the health and economic effect of tobacco, and to evaluate
strategies to control its use." Considerable attention is given to the
effect of tobacco use on mortality.
Correspondence: K.
Stanley, Harvard University, School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA
02138. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30704 Stupp, Paul
W.; Macke, Beth A.; Monteith, Richard; Paradez, Sandra.
Ethnicity and the use of health services in Belize. Journal of
Biosocial Science, Vol. 26, No. 2, Apr 1994. 165-77 pp. Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
"Data from the 1991 Belize Family Health Survey
show differentials in the use of maternal and child health services
between ethnic groups (Creole, Mestizo, Maya/Ketchi and Garifuna).
Multivariate analysis is used to explore whether such differentials can
truly be attributed to ethnicity or to other characteristics that
distinguish the ethnic groups. Health services considered are: family
planning, place of delivery (hospital/other), postpartum and newborn
check-ups after a birth, and immunisations for children. The language
usually spoken in the household is found to be important for
interpreting ethnic differentials....There are no ethnic differentials
for immunisations. Programmatic implications of these results are
discussed."
Correspondence: P. W. Stupp, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease
Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health (C06),
Atlanta, GA 30333. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:30705 United
Nations. Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy
Analysis (New York, New York). AIDS and the demography of
Africa. No. ST/ESA/SER.A/137, Pub. Order No. E.94.XIII.11. ISBN
92-1-151268-9. May 1994. x, 72 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
This
report expands on the analyses made concerning the demographic impact
of AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa in the 1992 revision of the UN
publication entitled World Population Prospects. It includes 15
countries where HIV seroprevalence was estimated to surpass one percent
of the adult population in 1990. "In considering the demographic
impact of the AIDS epidemic, a more detailed evaluation of changes in
the age distribution of both the population and deaths is presented.
It also reviews the epidemiology of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and considers
its likely social and economic impacts in sub-Saharan Africa."
For
the revision of World Population Prospects, see 59:40076.
Correspondence: UN Department for Economic and Social
Information and Policy Analysis, Population Division, United Nations,
New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:30706 Vanderlin,
Jane M. Maternal and child health: the present and the
future. ISBN 0-933438-21-4. 1994. vi, 72 pp. Association for
Population/Family Planning Libraries and Information
Centers--International [APLIC]: New York, New York. In Eng.
These
are the proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual conference of APLIC,
held in Cincinnati, Ohio, March 29-April 1, 1993. The keynote address,
included in this publication, concerns the current status and future
prospects of maternal and child health in the United States. Other
papers consider the political dimensions of women's reproductive health
and improving women's access to safe abortion care around the
world.
Correspondence: Association for Population/Family
Planning Libraries and Information Centers--International, c/o
Population Council Library, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY
10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30707 Wallace,
R. A fractal model of HIV transmission on complex
socio-geographic networks. Part 2: spread from a ghettoized 'core
group' into a 'general population'. Environment and Planning A,
Vol. 26, No. 5, 1994. 767-78 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"Study of
the initial stages of HIV transmission along a 'sociogeographic
network'--a large, complex, spatially focused social network with
possibly fractal geometry--is extended to include interaction between a
low-dimensional ghettoized 'core group' within which the disease
spreads very rapidly and a higher dimensional, more loosely structured
'general population' in which spread is relatively slow. A
mathematical modeling exercise suggests that contextually modulated
interaction between them can be highly nonlinear and may greatly
increase the initial rate of disease transmission within the general
population. This work contributes to a growing body of literature
which suggests that programs to control HIV infection within the
majority heterosexual population of the United States will fail
spectacularly without particular focus on the coupled physical and
social stabilization and rehabilitation of the urban ghettoes of
marginalized populations which are the present, and rapidly expanding,
disease epicenters. Evidence suggests their continued disintegration
can both increase disease rates within the epicenters and increase the
coupling between core groups and general populations by creating large
numbers of spatially or economically displaced refugees."
For Part
1, published in 1993, see 59:20762.
Correspondence: R.
Wallace, PISCS Incorporated, 549 West 123rd Street, Suite 16F, New
York, NY 10027. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
60:30708 Way, Peter
O. African HIV/AIDS and urbanization. In:
Urbanization in Africa: a handbook, edited by James D. Tarver. 1994.
423-38 pp. Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut. In Eng.
An
analysis of the relationship between urbanization and the spread of HIV
infections and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa is presented using data from
the U.S. Bureau of the Census's HIV/AIDS Surveillance Data Base. The
author concludes that "the process of urbanization has clearly
contributed to the spread of HIV infections and AIDS in Africa over the
past decade. As populations increasingly abandon their rural roots and
head for the bright lights of the city, they frequently have adopted a
lifestyle and behaviors that have placed them at increased risk for HIV
infection." However, he also notes that only about one-third of the
region's population currently lives in urban areas. He suggests that
strong and effective intervention programs that can bring about
behavioral change, "including consistent condom use, prompt and
appropriate treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, and a reduction
in the number of casual partners, can substantially modify the
potential path of an epidemic in a
population."
Correspondence: P. O. Way, U.S. Bureau of the
Census, Center for International Research, Suitland, MD 20233.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30709 Way, Peter
O.; Stanecki, Karen A. An epidemiological review of
HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. CIR Staff Paper, No. 72, Mar 1994.
ix, 53 pp. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Center for International
Research: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This report examines the
distribution of HIV infection among various population groups in
Sub-Saharan Africa and looks at trends over time in selected countries
in the region. The report also looks at the likely current and future
impact of AIDS on population growth and other demographic measures.
Data presented in this report are taken from the HIV/AIDS Surveillance
Data Base, developed and maintained at the U.S. Bureau of the
Census."
Correspondence: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Center
for International Research, Washington, D.C. 20233-3700.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:30710 World
Health Organization [WHO] (Geneva, Switzerland). AIDS:
social, economic and population consequences. Asian Population
Studies Series, No. 124, Nov 1993. 143-7 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"Following a brief review of the epidemiology of the disease, a
global overview of the [AIDS] epidemic is presented, followed by an
account of recent developments in Asia and the Pacific. The potential
demographic, economic, and social consequences of the HIV/AIDS epidemic
for sustainable development are also
discussed."
Correspondence: World Health Organization,
Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:30711 Yemen.
Central Statistical Organization (Sana'a, Yemen); Pan Arab Project for
Child Development (Cairo, Egypt); Macro International. Demographic and
Health Surveys [DHS] (Calverton, Maryland). Yemen
Demographic and Maternal and Child Health Survey, 1991/1992. Mar
1994. xvi, 272 pp. Sana'a, Yemen. In Eng.
This report concerns a
survey carried out in Yemen in 1991 and 1992 as part of the DHS
program. The survey included 5,687 ever-married women aged 15-49 and
6,715 children under age 5. Chapters are included on population
characteristics, fertility, family planning, nuptiality and exposure to
risk of pregnancy, fertility preferences, maternal health care, child
feeding and weaning practices, child vaccinations, morbidity and
accidents in children, treatment of child illness, and infant and child
mortality.
Correspondence: Lisa Longeiret, Macro
International, Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive,
Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:30712 De
Braekeleer, Marc; Bellis, Gil. Genealogies and family
reconstitution in human genetics. [Genealogies et reconstitutions
de familles en genetique humaine.] INED Dossiers et Recherches, No. 43,
Jun 1994. 64 pp. Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]:
Paris, France. In Fre.
This report presents primary applications of
data from genealogies and techniques of family reconstitution to human
genetics. A distinction is made between research and clinical
applications. The advantages and limitations of this approach are
illustrated using data on the French-Canadian population of
Quebec.
Correspondence: Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
