60:20637 Devi, D.
Radha. Status of women in India: a comparison by
state. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, Vol. 8, No. 4, Dec 1993.
59-77 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"Three types of comparison are
attempted in this paper: (a) an inter-state comparison of the status
of women [in India], (b) an intra-state comparison of the status of
women vis-a-vis that of men in each State, and (c) a comparison of
status of women in relation to overall development....[The analysis]
uses secondary data....In all, 28 variables are considered; they
reflect the status dimensions of education, employment, health,
demographic situation and overall
development."
Correspondence: D. R. Devi, International
Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Bombay
400 088, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:20638 Eshete,
Almaz. Population and women in development: gender issues
in the context of population and development. African Development
Review/Revue Africaine de Developpement, Vol. 4, No. 2, Dec 1992.
79-117 pp. Abidjan, Ivory Coast. In Eng.
"The objective of this
paper is to examine women's productive and reproductive roles and their
intricate linkages and the interplay with the demographic variables of
population and development. Although these interactions...are not yet
fully understood, attempts will be made utilizing available data and
literature to make an analysis of the linkages and interplays that
exist between population variables with factors associated with the
role, status and participation of women in the social and economic
lives of African societies....The paper will analyze the linkages and
integrate the implications for population policies and programmes
towards the enhancement of women's role and status and their
participation in the development process."
Correspondence:
A. Eshete, Addis Ababa University, Center for Research, Training and
Information for Women in Development, P.O.B. 1176, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia. Location: Cornell University, NYSSILR Extension, New
York, NY.
60:20639 Johnston,
Tony. Population, education and sustainable
development. African Development Review/Revue Africaine de
Developpement, Vol. 4, No. 2, Dec 1992. 201-35 pp. Abidjan, Ivory
Coast. In Eng.
The author examines the interrelationships between
population growth and education, with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa.
"The gross body of evidence suggests that for all developing regions
(and for sub-saharan Africa specifically) rapid population growth
deleteriously impacts upon the quantity and quality of schooling. In a
reciprocal fashion, the variables which underpin rapid and differential
growth (fertility, mortality and migration) are themselves influenced
by quantum of formal schooling and by other educational
processes."
Location: Cornell University, NYSSILR
Extension, New York, NY.
60:20640 Lin,
Jiang. Parity and security: a simulation study of
population aging, kinship network, and old age security in China.
Pub. Order No. DA9330627. 1992. 185 pp. University Microfilms
International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
This study examines
whether China's family-support system will be able to accommodate the
rapid increase in the elderly population, and what social security
policies for the aged will be needed in a period of rapid demographic
change. It was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the University
of California at Berkeley.
Correspondence: University
Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI
48106-1346. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A:
Humanities and Social Sciences 54(6).
60:20641 Mahadevan,
K.; Azuh, Dominic E.; Koshy, A. K.; Jayasree, R. Culture
and population growth: perspectives from developing countries.
In: Readings in population research: policy, methods and perspectives,
edited by P. Krishnan, Chi-Hsien Tuan, and Kuttan Mahadevan. 1992.
351-72 pp. B. R. Publishing: Delhi, India. In Eng.
"The factors
considered in the present paper are the determinants of population
growth [in India,] which include most of the major cultural factors,
and also a number of important social factors which may influence both
fertility and mortality patterns." Aspects considered include
religion, caste, ethnicity, value of children, age at marriage, status
of women, breast-feeding, and socioeconomic
status.
Correspondence: K. Mahadevan, Sri Venkateswara
University, Tirupati 517 502, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:20642 Renard,
Jean. Education. In: The changing population of
Europe, edited by Daniel Noin and Robert Woods. 1993. 127-34 pp.
Blackwell: Cambridge, Massachusetts/Oxford, England. In Eng.
The
author discusses the evolution and structure of educational systems in
the European Community, with a focus on several questions: "How
do...social and political ambitions translate statistically within the
European Community (EC)? How has education evolved in Europe and what
form does its contemporary structure take? Setting aside the
intentions of individual countries, can convergent trends in
educational policies be observed in the
Community?"
Correspondence: J. Renard, University of Lille,
Department of Geography, 42 rue Paul Duez, 59800 Lille, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:20643 Thompson,
Vaida D.; Tashakkori, Abbas. Another look at heredity and
environment as shapers of the person: a proximal-distal framework for
consideration. Advances in Population: Psychosocial Perspectives,
Vol. 1, 1993. 57-84 pp. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/London, England. In
Eng.
"An important psychological question addressed by population
researchers pertains to what causes us to be what we are--what might
predict reliably to intelligence, interpersonal style, or other aspects
of the psycho-social being. The goal of this paper is not to propose
or rule out various causal factors, but rather to offer a developmental
perspective that may provide a greater understanding of the ways in
which distal and proximal factors might influence such processes
throughout the life span. We will begin by reviewing some major
approaches and will then attempt to meld these into a developmental
perspective....We offer some inferences we have derived from a review
of literature pertaining to four stages of development: infancy and
early childhood; pre-school and kindergarten; first through sixth
grades; and sixth grade through high
school."
Correspondence: V. D. Thompson, University of
North Carolina, Department of Psychology, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:20644 Torrado,
Susana. Social stratification, population dynamic and
informalization: the Argentine experience. In: International
Population Conference/Congres International de la Population: Montreal
1993, Volume 2. 1993. 449-66 pp. International Union for the Scientific
Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"This article
analyzes...the evolution of the Argentine social structure during the
period 1945-1983....The informalization of the labour market that takes
place in Argentina during that period, as well as its relation to the
changes operated in the social stratification profile are analyzed
here. Our main objective is to study the social welfare and the
differential population dynamic of different social classes and
strata--with particular reference to those of a high informal
component--as they appear crystallized by 1980. The results will be
then interpreted in terms of the hypothesis of 'intergenerational
transference of poverty'."
Correspondence: S. Torrado,
Charcas 2556, 7o piso, Depto. 30, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:20645 Clark,
William A. V.; Morrison, Peter A. Demographic
underpinnings of political empowerment in multi-minority cities.
RAND Paper, No. P-7843, 1993. 32 pp. RAND: Santa Monica, California. In
Eng.
Issues concerning the political empowerment of ethnic and
racial minorities in the United States are examined. Two alternative
approaches are identified: dominance, involving the development of
geographical districts in which the minority in question has majority
status, and influence, in which the minority is spread among several
districts in significant but less than majority status. The
consequences of the two alternatives are discussed.
This is a
revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1993 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: RAND, 1700 Main Street, P.O. Box
2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:20646 Singer,
Merrill. The politics of AIDS. Social Science and
Medicine, Vol. 38, No. 10, May 1994. 1,321-4 pp. Tarrytown, New
York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
This short paper introduces three
papers on the politics of AIDS. "This set of papers [explores]
underlying political dimensions of the AIDS pandemic, especially...the
way the pandemic has been constructed by epidemiology, biomedicine, and
medical anthropology. Authored by a group of medical anthropologists
and an anthropologically oriented political scientist, the papers
provide a jarring glimpse at the profound influence of society on
health and disease." The AIDS situation in Haiti, and particularly the
response of Western authorities to the epidemic there are used to
illustrate.
Correspondence: M. Singer, Hispanic Health
Council, 98 Cedar Street, Hartford, CT 06106. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
60:20647
Abdel-Azeem, Farouk; Farid Samir, M.; Khalifa, Atef M.
Egypt Maternal and Child Health Survey, 1991. 1993. xl, 477
pp. Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics: Cairo,
Egypt; League of Arab States, Pan Arab Project for Child Development:
Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
"This report presents a detailed analysis of
the results of the 1991 Egypt Maternal and Child Health Survey (EMCHS).
The report provides a detailed account of the bio-demographic,
environmental and socio-economic determinants of maternal and child
health in Egypt. It also identifies the salient features of the
diversity in health patterns and in preference and behaviour, and
examines the way in which social and economic modernization in Egypt
has shaped these patterns and affected the underlying processes." The
report includes chapters on adult and maternal mortality, maternity
care, marriage patterns, fertility patterns, family planning, family
size desires and contraceptive intentions, infant and child mortality,
the prevalence of infectious diseases in children, environmental
conditions and health, accidents and disability, nutritional status of
children, breast-feeding and weaning practices, immunization, and
curative measures.
Correspondence: Central Agency for
Public Mobilisation and Statistics, Salah Salem Road, P.O.B. 2086, Nasr
City, Cairo, Egypt. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:20648 Alwan,
Ala'din A. S. Cardiovascular diseases in the eastern
Mediterranean region. World Health Statistics Quarterly/Rapport
Trimestriel de Statistiques Sanitaires Mondiales, Vol. 46, No. 2, 1993.
97-100 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
The
author examines morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular
diseases in the eastern Mediterranean region, with a focus on coronary
heart disease, hypertension, and rheumatic heart
disease.
Correspondence: A. A. S. Alwan, World Health
Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Division
for Noncommunicable Diseases, Alexandria, Egypt. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:20649 Antoine,
Philippe; Ba, Amadou. Mortality and health in African
towns. [Mortalite et sante dans les villes africaines.] Afrique
Contemporaine, No. 168, Oct-Dec 1993. 138-46 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
An analysis of current conditions concerning health and mortality
in the towns and cities of Sub-Saharan Africa is presented. The
authors first examine mortality differentials between rural and urban
areas and their causes. They next look at intra-urban mortality
differentials and health issues in general by considering health
practices, malaria, and AIDS. They use these three approaches to sum
up the consequences of the current urban health crisis in Africa and to
assess the health status of urban residents in
general.
Correspondence: P. Antoine, Universite de
Montreal, Departement de Demographie, C.P. 6128, Succursale A,
Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
60:20650 Basu, Alaka
M. How pervasive are sex differentials in childhood
nutritional levels in south Asia? Social Biology, Vol. 40, No.
1-2, Spring-Summer 1993. 25-37 pp. Port Angeles, Washington. In Eng.
"This paper considers the assumption that there are widespread sex
differentials in the household allocation of food in South Asia. From
primary field data [from India] and a critical review of the existing
literature, it concludes that we have no reason to believe that girls
in this region invariably get an unfair deal in the matter of
nutrition, even in those areas where sex differentials in child
mortality are the most acute. Too much of the research to support such
a contention starts with the biased view that gender differences in
nutritional status must exist. It is pointed out in this paper that a
new look at this issue is essential if we are to use scarce resources
most effectively to fight gender
inequalities."
Correspondence: A. M. Basu, Delhi
University, Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi 100 007, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:20651 Becker,
Niels G.; Egerton, Les R. A transmission model for HIV
with application to the Australian epidemic. Mathematical
Biosciences, Vol. 119, No. 2, Feb 1994. 205-24 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
"An age-specific transmission model is proposed to describe
the spread of HIV in a homosexual population. The model incorporates
developments in the treatment of patients and the change in the
surveillance definition of AIDS. The model is applied to the
Australian epidemic with the aim of determining the extent of
behavioral changes during the epidemic and assessing the extent to
which therapy has changed the course of the epidemic. It is found that
therapy and the adoption of totally safe sex practices by individuals
who have tested HIV positive cannot explain the recent downturn in the
rate of increase of observed AIDS incidence. A significant change in
behavior within the general homosexual community is
indicated."
Correspondence: N. G. Becker, La Trobe
University, Department of Statistics, Bundoora, Victoria 3083,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SM).
60:20652 Blum,
Steve; Singh, Tejinder P.; Gibbons, J.; Fordyce, E. James; Lessner,
Lawrence; Chiasson, Mary A.; Weisfuse, Isaac B.; Thomas, Pauline
A. Trends in survival among persons with acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome in New York City: the experience of the
first decade of the epidemic. American Journal of Epidemiology,
Vol. 139, No. 4, Feb 15, 1994. 351-61 pp. Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"This study examined survival trends among the 23,324 cases of
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) meeting the Centers for
Disease Control (CDC) definition that were diagnosed and reported to
the New York City Department of Health from the beginning of the
epidemic in 1980 through June 1989....Results of two- and three-way
categorical analysis and logistic regression analysis are reported.
Overall median survival time was 13.7 months (14.0 for males and 12.0
for females). Survival was better for whites than for blacks and
Hispanics and was better for men who had sex with men than for
injecting drug users. Each of the seven demographic and risk behavior
factors was independently associated with survival. Trends in survival
during three time periods indicated that survival is improving among
all groups examined."
Correspondence: P. A. Thomas, New
York City Department of Health, Office of AIDS Surveillance, 346
Broadway, Room 706, New York, NY 10013. Location: Princeton
University Library (SZ).
60:20653 Caldwell,
John C.; Caldwell, Pat. The nature and limits of the
Sub-Saharan African AIDS epidemic: evidence from geographic and other
patterns. Population and Development Review, Vol. 19, No. 4, Dec
1993. 817-48, 906-9 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre;
Spa.
The authors examine "the high level of heterosexual
transmission of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa and the very different
levels of infection (but not of modes of transmission) in various parts
of the region and within the same country: particularly, in most
countries, between urban and rural populations....This investigation
will focus on these differentials in the intensity of the epidemic,
relate them to biomedical explanations, and assess the extent to which
these explanations fit in with the findings of social research. It
will also address the question whether these differentials reflect only
the diffusion of the disease or whether they provide evidence of the
likelihood of very different equilibrium levels for the infection. And
it will examine the question whether the least-affected areas are
somehow different...."
Correspondence: J. C. Caldwell,
Australian National University, National Centre for Epidemiology and
Population Health, Health Transition Centre, G.P.O. 4, Canberra, ACT
2601, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:20654 Czech
Republic. Czech Statistical Office (Prague, Czech Republic); Factum,
non Fabula (Prague, Czech Republic); World Health Organization [WHO].
Collaborating Center for Perinatal Medicine (Prague, Czech Republic);
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]
(Atlanta, Georgia). 1993 Czech Republic Reproductive
Health Survey: preliminary report. Jan 1994. 11, [32] pp. U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]: Atlanta, Georgia. In
Eng.
Preliminary results are presented from a survey involving a
nationally representative sample of about 4,500 women on reproduction
and women's health carried out in the Czech Republic in 1993. Chapters
are included on characteristics of the survey population; fertility;
contraception; young women's sexual experience; maternal and child
health and use of services; health behavior, knowledge, and attitudes;
and knowledge of HIV/AIDS.
Correspondence: U.S. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA
30333. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:20655 Datta,
Nixola A. S. A study of the impact of prenatal care on low
birth weight. Center for the Study of Population Working Paper,
No. WPS 94-113, Dec 1993. 16, [4] pp. Florida State University, College
of Social Sciences, Center for the Study of Population: Tallahassee,
Florida. In Eng.
"The purpose of this paper is to determine the
extent to which adequacy of prenatal care affects birth weight, while
controlling for behavioral, medical, and sociodemographic
factors....Data are taken from the 1988 [U.S.] National Maternal and
Infant Health Survey. The data are assessed using logistic regression
and multivariate regression techniques."
Correspondence:
Monica Boyd, Editor, Working Paper Series, Florida State University,
Center for the Study of Population, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4063.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:20656 Ducot,
Beatrice; Spira, Alfred. AIDS prevention behavior:
prevalence and conducive factors. [Les comportements de prevention
du SIDA: prevalence et facteurs favorisants.] Population, Vol. 48, No.
5, Sep-Oct 1993. 1,479-503 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng;
Spa.
The authors investigate changes in sexual behavior that have
taken place as a result of the threat of AIDS, using data from the 1992
Survey on Sexual Behavior in France. "The most frequently mentioned
changes are greater selectiveness and reduction in the number of sexual
partners. Persons most likely to have changed their behaviour are
those who do not live as a couple, those who have had a large number of
partners in the past, and those who admit having suffered from a
sexually transmitted disease....Having one or several confidants with
whom very private matters can be discussed makes people more conscious
of the risk of infection and stimulates preventive
behaviour."
Correspondence: B. Ducot, Institut National de
la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Unit 292, Hopital Bicetre, 78 rue
du General Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicetre, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:20657
Elfindri. Nutritional status of elementary
school-age children in a rural population. [Efek Komposisi
demografis rumah tangga terhadap status gizi anak kelas 1 sekolah
dasar.] Majalah Demografi Indonesia/Indonesian Journal of Demography,
Vol. 20, No. 39, Jun 1993. 31-49 pp. Jakarta, Indonesia. In Ind. with
sum. in Eng.
"This study attempts to analyze the variables of
nutritional status found among children of elementary school age in
West Sumatra [Indonesia] by utilizing...rural household data. The
nutritional status under observation was that of...children [in] the
1st year [of] elementary school and was based on the correlation of the
physical height and the standard age. The findings show that there is a
difference in the nutritional status between male and female children
which was accounted for by...family
composition."
Correspondence: Elfindri, Universitas
Andalas, Pusat Studi Kependudukan, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan 77, Padang,
25163 West Sumatra, Indonesia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:20658
Friedlander, Nancylee J. Reproductive success,
postreproductive health, and survivorship in a southern California
community. Pub. Order No. DA9331068. 1993. 436 pp. University
Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
This study
examines the relationship between reproduction and later-life health
and survival using data for several thousand men and women from a
white, upper-middle-class community in southern California. The
results indicate that childbearing may decrease women's chances of
surviving in later life. The study was undertaken as a doctoral
dissertation at Harvard University.
Correspondence:
University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI
48106-1346. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A:
Humanities and Social Sciences 54(6).
60:20659 Fujimura,
Joan H.; Chou, Danny Y. Dissent in science: styles of
scientific practice and the controversy over the cause of AIDS.
Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 38, No. 8, Apr 1994. 1,017-36 pp.
Tarrytown, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In this paper, we
discuss aspects of the different styles of practice constructed and
deployed by opponents in a controversy surrounding the etiology of AIDS
to understand how the same data are interpreted in different ways to
support diametrically opposed views. We also introduce a style of
practice that we call 'epidemiological' which is used by AIDS
researchers to confirm the theory that HIV causes AIDS. We give an
account of the co-construction of this theory and the rules and
practices for its verification."
Correspondence: J. H.
Fujimura, Stanford University, Department of Anthropology and History,
Stanford, CA 94305. Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
60:20660 Jozan,
Peter E. Patterns of industrialization: health
consequences. In: International Population Conference/Congres
International de la Population: Montreal 1993, Volume 2. 1993. 355-64
pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
The author briefly reviews papers presented
at a conference session concerning patterns of industrialization and
their health consequences worldwide.
Correspondence: P. E.
Jozan, Kozponti Statisztikai Hivatal, Keleti Karoly Utca 5-7, 1525
Budapest II, Hungary. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:20661 Le Pont,
Francoise. Estimating a model for forecasting the spread
of HIV infection in France, based on the ACSF survey. [Vers un
modele previsionnel de developpement de l'infection VIH en France a
partir de l'enquete ACSF.] Population, Vol. 48, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1993.
1,535-50 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"In this
chapter an estimated model of the AIDS epidemic is presented. It takes
into account the socio-demographic characteristics of each individual,
whose life-history is described by a series of events, e.g.
encountering a partner, or being diagnosed as suffering from AIDS. By
relating this to a classic mathematical model for sub-populations, the
individual approach makes it possible to take account of the
variability of sexual behaviour, documented in the ACSF survey [of
sexual behavior in France], as well as the initial structure of the
sexual network that the individual belongs
to...."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:20662 Moatti,
Jean-Paul; Beltzer, Nathalie; Dab, William. Methods of
analyzing unsafe behavior in the face of HIV infection: the limits of
rationality. [Les modeles d'analyse des comportements a risque
face a l'infection a VIH: une conception trop etroite de la
rationalite.] Population, Vol. 48, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1993. 1,505-34 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"The international
literature that deals with the determinants of exposure to the risk of
sexual transmission of HIV has been dominated by existing
social-psychological models....This paper points out the limitations of
these models....It shows that they have relied implicitly on a
reductionist notion of individual rationality, in which rationality is
equated with complete avoidance of risk and with concern for absolute
safety. Comparing these social-psychological models with models of
expected utility--standard in the micro-economic analysis of behaviour
under conditions of risks and uncertainty--and applying this theory to
ACSF survey data [for France], makes it possible to identify other
underlying reasons for the persistence of individual exposure to the
risk of sexually transmitted HIV...."
Correspondence: N.
Beltzer, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale,
Unite de Recherches U-357, 101 rue de Tolbiac, 75654 Paris Cedex 13,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:20663 Mollison,
Denis; Isham, Valerie; Grenfell, Bryan. Epidemics: models
and data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A:
Statistics in Society, Vol. 157, No. 1, 1994. 115-49 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
"The problems of understanding and controlling
disease raise a range of challenging mathematical and statistical
research topics, from broad theoretical issues to specific practical
ones. In particular, recent interest in acquired immune deficiency
syndrome has stimulated much progress in diverse areas of epidemic
modelling, particularly with regard to the treatment of heterogeneity,
both between individuals and in mixing of subgroups of the population.
At the same time better data and data analysis techniques have become
available, and there have been exciting developments in relevant
theory....This progress in specific areas is now being matched by
interdisciplinary cooperation aimed at elucidating relationships
between the widely varying types of model that have been found useful,
to determine their strengths and limitations in relation to basic aims
such as understanding, prediction, and evaluation and implementation of
control strategies."
Correspondence: D. Mollison,
Heriot-Watt University, Department of Actuarial Mathematics and
Statistics, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
60:20664 Muna,
Walinjom F. T. Cardiovascular disorders in Africa.
World Health Statistics Quarterly/Rapport Trimestriel de Statistiques
Sanitaires Mondiales, Vol. 46, No. 2, 1993. 125-33 pp. Geneva,
Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"The availability of basic
and reliable data on cardiovascular problems in Africans is limited and
this hinders the presentation of a comprehensive review of the subject.
Nevertheless, there is a strong suggestion that the spectrum and
pattern of cardiovascular disorders in Africa is rapidly becoming
indistinguishable from that observed in developed countries. The
classic risk factors appear to be on the rise and smoking may attain
levels equal to or exceeding those in many developed
countries."
Correspondence: W. F. T. Muna, University of
Yaounde, General Hospital of Yaounde, Faculty of Medicine and
Biomedical Sciences, Internal Medicine and Cardiology, B.P. 337,
Yaounde, Cameroon. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
60:20665 Murthy, M.
S. R. Industrialization and urbanization and health
consequences in a mixed economy set-up: a case study of India.
In: International Population Conference/Congres International de la
Population: Montreal 1993, Volume 2. 1993. 399-408 pp. International
Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium.
In Eng.
The author analyzes urbanization and industrialization
patterns in India, with a focus on health consequences. Aspects
considered include population size and density, employment, transport,
housing, water supply, sanitation, health care, and pollution. The
impact of increased development on population growth, fertility, and
mortality is briefly discussed.
Correspondence: M. S. R.
Murthy, Sri Venkateswara University, Department of Population Studies,
District Chittoor, Tirupati 517 502, Andhra Pradesh 20116, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:20666 Obermeyer,
Carla M. Culture, maternal health care, and women's
status: a comparison of Morocco and Tunisia. Studies in Family
Planning, Vol. 24, No. 6, Pt. 1, Nov-Dec 1993. 354-65 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"This report assesses the role of demographic,
socioeconomic, and cultural factors in explaining differentials in
maternal health-care use in North Africa. Analyses of the Demographic
and Health Surveys for Morocco and Tunisia show substantial differences
in the use of prenatal care and in the proportion of home compared with
hospital births, both within and between the two countries. The
findings raise the question of whether lower use rates are a reflection
of the low status of women. The question is addressed first through a
statistical analysis of the differences within the two countries in
terms of the demographic, socioeconomic, and educational
characteristics of individuals, and second, through a comparison of the
social context, health-care systems, and population policies of the two
countries. The findings are interpreted in light of field research on
the cultural context of maternal health
care."
Correspondence: C. M. Obermeyer, Harvard School of
Public Health, Department of Population and International Health, 655
Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:20667 Park,
In-Hwa. Population aging and its health implications in
Korea. Journal of Population, Health and Social Welfare, Vol. 13,
No. 2, Dec 1993. 96-111 pp. Seoul, Korea, Republic of. In Eng. with
sum. in Kor.
The author discusses the health implications of
population aging in the Republic of Korea. "The aging of [the] Korean
population, until recently, has remained in its early stage, and Korea
is expected to enjoy 'a golden period' of lower age dependency ratio by
the early 2020s. Accordingly, little attention has been focused on the
health issues and problems associated with these demographic changes
toward aging in Korea. But the changing demographic structure...will
proceed with a relatively high tempo in the next decades....Therefore
it is stressed that 'the reserved years' of lower dependency, before
population aging becomes a substantial public and private burden in
Korean demographic context, must be fully utilized to formulate
effective policies and counter-measures in health and welfare sectors,
on which the greatest impacts of aging will
fall."
Correspondence: I.-H. Park, Korea Institute for
Health and Social Affairs, Health Research Division, San 42-14,
Bulgwang-dong, Eunpyung-ku, Seoul 122-040, Republic of Korea.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:20668 Pinero,
Domingo; Fennelly, Katherine; Beard, John; Robinovich, Jorge.
Effects of maternal age on infant outcomes: evidence from
Chile. Population Research Institute Working Paper, No. 1994-04,
Jan 1994. 16, [3] pp. Pennsylvania State University: University Park,
Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"The purpose of this study was to compare the
pregnancy outcomes and the growth and development of infants of
adolescent and older mothers in a Latin American setting in which young
mothers received aggressive prenatal care, and in which breast feeding
behavior of all women was strongly encouraged and recorded." The data
concern 200 women of low socioeconomic status and were collected at a
hospital in Santiago, Chile, in 1992-1993. The results indicate that
"among women of similar socioeconomic status, parity and access to
adequate medical attention, the frequently observed differences in
birth outcomes between adolescent and older mothers
disappear."
Correspondence: Pennsylvania State University,
Population Research Institute, 601 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA
16802-6411. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:20669 Remy,
G. Geographical distribution of HIV 1 infection in Central
Africa: remarkable discontinuities. [Image geographique de
l'infection a VIH 1 en Afrique Centrale: des discontinuites
remarquables.] Annales de la Societe Belge de Medecine Tropicale, Vol.
73, No. 2, 1993. 127-42 pp. Antwerp, Belgium. In Fre. with sum. in Eng;
Dut.
The author describes the geographical distribution of HIV 1
infection in central Africa. "The geographical distribution of the
infection in the global population is heterogeneous. Ever since the
first surveys, the virus [has been] widely spread at low level, in the
rural as well as in the urban areas....The epidemiological
discontinuities noticeable across Central Africa may represent
different stages of the same process or be connected to the [stage] of
different eco-epidemiological systems."
Correspondence: G.
Remy, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, 2 rue de la
Charite, 13002 Marseilles, France. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:20670 Riley,
James C. Geographical variation in health experience in
Britain, 1872-1910. In: International Population
Conference/Congres International de la Population: Montreal 1993,
Volume 2. 1993. 383-98 pp. International Union for the Scientific Study
of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"This paper's aim is
to reconstruct regional variations in health and mortality [in Great
Britain] and to distinguish areas where health experience, measured by
mortality and morbidity...,differed from national averages." Data are
from "a series of annual reports from local units of large fraternal
insurer, the Ancient Order of Foresters (AOF), in the period
1872-1910."
Correspondence: J. C. Riley, Indiana
University, Population Institute for Research and Training, Memorial
Hall East 220, Bloomington, IN 47405. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:20671 Riley,
James C. Understanding morbidity change: comment on an
article by Murray and Chen. Population and Development Review,
Vol. 19, No. 4, Dec 1993. 807-15 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The author critically examines an article by Christopher Murray and
Lincoln Chen in which they develop a conceptual framework for
understanding morbidity change. Two aspects of the framework are
addressed: "First, the distinction Murray and Chen wish to make between
self-perceived and observed morbidity cannot be sustained in practice.
Second, by concentrating on the distinction between self-perception and
observation, Murray and Chen fail to take into account the importance
of the temporal aspect of sickness, a feature absent from mortality."
A reply by Murray and Chen is included (pp. 812-5).
For the article
by Murray and Chen, published in 1992, see 59:10723.
Correspondence: J. C. Riley, Indiana University,
Population Institute, Memorial Hall East 220, Bloomington, IN 47405.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:20672 Shedlin,
Michele G.; Oliver, Denise. Prostitution and HIV risk
behavior. Advances in Population: Psychosocial Perspectives, Vol.
1, 1993. 157-72 pp. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/London, England. In Eng.
The authors discuss prostitution as a high-risk behavior for HIV
infection and transmission, using data from interviews with prostitutes
in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and New York City. "The primary objective
is to share some of the information gained in research interviews and
street work so that it can be utilized to assist efforts at reaching
such high risk behavior populations with appropriate AIDS prevention
information, testing, counseling and health services." Factors
considered include prostitute characteristics, the pimp, perceived
roles of the prostitute, power and control, risky sexual practices, and
knowledge, attitudes, and behavior relating to
AIDS.
Correspondence: M. G. Shedlin, Sociomedical Resource
Associates, Westport, CT. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
60:20673 Taha, T.
E.; Gray, R. H.; Abdelwahab, M. M.; Abdelhafeez, A. R.
Distribution and determinants of low birth weight in Central
Sudan. Johns Hopkins Population Center Papers on Population, No.
WP 94-04, [1994]. 24 pp. Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene
and Public Health, Population Center: Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
The results of a study of low birth weight in Central Sudan, based
on data from two studies involving some 6,400 births in 1989 and 1990,
are presented. "Two important and modifiable predictors of term and
pre-term low birth weight were low maternal weight and malaria
infection during pregnancy. Other risk factors included low
socioeconomic status...."
Correspondence: Johns Hopkins
University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Population Center, 615
North Wolfe Street, Room 2300, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:20674 Vella,
Stefano; Chiesi, Antonio; Volpi, Antonio; Guiliano, Marina; Floridia,
Marco; Dally, Leonard G.; Binkin, Nancy. Differential
survival of patients with AIDS according to the 1987 and 1993 CDC case
definitions. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association,
Vol. 271, No. 15, Apr 20, 1994. 1,197-9 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
The authors "evaluate the impact of the 1993 [U.S.] Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) revised classification system for
human immunodeficiency virus and expanded surveillance case definition
for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) on the number of cases
and on survival of patients with AIDS....A total of 3,515 patients
enrolled in the Italian National Registry of Zidovudine-Treated
Patients between July 1987 and December 1991 were analyzed....According
to the new classification system, the number of AIDS cases in the study
population would increase by 188%. While the median survival of
patients meeting the 1987 definition was 24 months, at the end of 57
months 53% of patients meeting the 1993 definition were still alive.
Among the patients meeting the laboratory criteria for AIDS diagnosis
using the new definition...the presence of an AIDS-defining illness was
a strong independent predictor of death."
Correspondence:
S. Vella, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161
Rome, Italy. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
60:20675 Tas, R. F.
J. Multiple births in the Netherlands, 1900-1993.
[Meerlingen in Nederland, 1900-1993.] Maandstatistiek van de Bevolking,
Vol. 42, No. 2, 1994. 20-1 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands. In Dut. with sum.
in Eng.
Data on multiple births in the Netherlands since 1900 are
examined. It is noted that "since 1975 the number of multiple births
is increasing rather strongly, partly under the influence of the
application of modern medical technology (e.g. hormone treatment) to
infertility problems...." Age distribution by sex among paternal and
fraternal twins living in the Netherlands is also
discussed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
