60:10218 Axinn,
William G. The effects of children's schooling on
fertility limitation. Population Studies, Vol. 47, No. 3, Nov
1993. 481-93 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"Many theories of
fertility predict that mass education reduces fertility, but this
effect may be produced in a variety of ways. In this paper,
microdemographic data from a rural community in Nepal, in which the
spread of mass education and fertility limitation is just beginning,
are used to examine these links. The analyses contrast the influence
of parents' and children's educational experiences on parents'
fertility preferences and behaviour. The results indicate that
children's schooling has a strong influence on both fertility
preferences and behaviour. The effects of parental schooling are
weaker, and also inconsistent in different models. These findings
provide support for theories that link mass education to the onset of
fertility limitation through children's schooling
experience."
Correspondence: W. G. Axinn, University of
Chicago, Population Research Center, 1155 East 60th Street, Chicago, IL
60637. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:10219 Azelmat,
Mustapha; Ayad, Mohamed; Housni, El Arbi. National Survey
on Population and Health (ENPS-II), 1992. [Enquete Nationale sur
la Population et la Sante (ENPS-II), 1992.] Aug 1993. xxviii, 281 pp.
Ministere de la Sante Publique, Service des Etudes et de l'Information
Sanitaire: Rabat, Morocco; Macro International, Demographic and Health
Surveys [DHS]: Columbia, Maryland. In Fre.
The results of the
second survey undertaken as part of the Demographic and Health Survey
program in Morocco are presented. The survey includes 9,256 women aged
15-49 and 1,336 men aged 20-70. Chapters cover the country in general,
household characteristics, fertility, family planning, nuptiality and
exposure to risk of pregnancy, fertility preferences, maternal and
child health, infant nutrition and breast-feeding, infant and child
mortality, maternal mortality, and a survey of the men on fertility
preferences and family planning knowledge, attitudes, and
usage.
Correspondence: Macro International, Demographic and
Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD
20705-3119. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:10277 Babb,
Penny. Teenage conceptions and fertility in England and
Wales, 1971-91. Population Trends, No. 74, Winter 1993. 12-7 pp.
London, England. In Eng.
"This article focuses on the trends in
teenage conceptions and fertility [in England and Wales] over the past
twenty years. Recent trends have included a large increase in births
outside marriage, and a corresponding decrease in births within
marriage. Teenage fertility rates within the United Kingdom are
compared with the rates in other countries in Western
Europe."
Correspondence: P. Babb, Office of Population
Censuses and Surveys, Population Statistics Division, St. Catherine's
House, 10 Kingsway, London WC2B 6JP, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:10278
Chimere-Dan, Orieji. Racial patterns of fertility
decline in South Africa. In: International Population
Conference/Congres International de la Population: Montreal, 1993,
Volume 1. 1993. 43-51 pp. International Union for the Scientific Study
of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"Available data show
that fertility is declining for blacks, coloureds, indians and whites
in South Africa. However, the timing and speed of fertility decline
vary among these racial groups....This paper shows the context in which
the racial groups maintained different patterns of transition decline
with emphasis on possible reasons for the observed lag in fertility
decline among blacks."
Correspondence: O. Chimere-Dan,
University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Sociology, Population
Research and Training Programme, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Johannesburg,
South Africa. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:10289 Larsen,
Ulla. Levels, age patterns and trends of sterility in
selected countries south of the Sahara. In: International
Population Conference/Congres International de la Population:
Montreal, 1993, Volume 1. 1993. 593-603 pp. International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"Using recently available data collected in cooperation with the
World Fertility Surveys (WFS) and the Demographic and Health Surveys
(DHS) the present study aims at determining the levels, age patterns
and trends of sterility in Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Ghana, Ivory
Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal,
Sudan, Togo and Uganda....The prevalence of sterility varies markedly
across countries and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa. From the
present study we cannot explain the marked differences by
province...[but] the distribution of sterility lends evidence for the
hypothesis that STDs [sexually transmitted diseases] are a main cause
of sterility in Africa. Our results using the subsequently infertile
estimator document exceptionally high levels of sterility in most of
sub-Saharan Africa relative to the levels prevailing among the
Hutterites."
Correspondence: U. Larsen, State University of
New York, Department of Sociology, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4356.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:10290 Prioux,
France. Infertility in Europe. [L'infecondite en
Europe.] In: European population. Volume 2: demographic dynamics,
edited by Alain Blum and Jean-Louis Rallu. 1993. 231-51 pp. John Libbey
Eurotext: Montrouge, France. In Fre.
Infertility rates and trends
for cohorts of European women born since 1930 are examined and
compared. Topics covered include problems in the measurement and
reporting of infertility, nuptiality effects, marital and nonmarital
fertility, age at leaving the parental home, and educational and
employment status. Some comparisons between Eastern and Western Europe
are made.
Correspondence: F. Prioux, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:10291 Bairagi,
Radheshyam. Is gender preference an obstacle to the
success of family planning programmes in rural Bangladesh? In:
International Population Conference/Congres International de la
Population: Montreal, 1993, Volume 1. 1993. 121-34 pp. International
Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium.
In Eng.
"This paper investigates the level and trend of the effects
of gender preference on fertility intention and contraceptive use in
Matlab, Bangladesh in order to examine whether the gender preference
will act as an obstacle to the success of family planning programmes in
this country. Data for this study come from the three KAP surveys
conducted in 1977, 1984 and 1990 in Matlab, Bangladesh....Although
gender preference did not change and contraceptive use rose from 16%
to 57%, the effect of gender preference on contraceptive use was not
substantial in Matlab during the study period. Thus, the relative
importance of gender preference as a determinant of contraceptive use
should decrease with an increase in contraceptive use and gender
preference should not be an obstacle to the success of family planning
programmes in rural Bangladesh."
Correspondence: R.
Bairagi, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh, G.P.O. 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:10292 Baron,
Danielle L.; Kumah, Opia M.; Lettenmaier, Cheryl L.; Krenn, Susan C.;
Bashin, Michelle E.; Jato, Miriam; Church, Cathleen A.; Kim, Young Mi;
Langlois, Philippe F. Qualitative research for family
planning programs in Africa. Center for Communication Programs
Occasional Paper Series, No. 2, 1993. ii, 62 pp. Johns Hopkins
University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Center for
Communication Programs: Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
This report
summarizes results from focus groups and individual interviews in the
seven African countries of Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Gambia,
Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria. "This report is designed to help those
involved in family planning programs to appreciate the value of
qualitative research, to explain how such research is planned and
implemented, and to encourage them to incorporate the results in their
own work."
Correspondence: Johns Hopkins University, School
of Hygiene and Public Health, Center for Communication Programs, 111
Market Place, Baltimore, MD 21202-4024. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:10324 Mauck,
Christine K.; Cordero, Milton; Gabelnick, Henry L.; Spieler, Jeffrey
M.; Rivera, Roberto. Barrier contraceptives: current
status and future prospects. ISBN 0-471-30440-9. LC 93-34517.
1994. xviii, 384 pp. Wiley-Liss: New York, New York. In Eng.
These
are the proceedings of the Fourth Contraceptive Research and
Development Program International Workshop held in Santo Domingo,
Dominican Republic, March 22-25, 1993. The objectives of the workshop
were to "present the state-of-the-art of barrier methods in preventing
pregnancy and STDs; review and update technical data in related areas;
identify future research priorities in contraception and prevention of
STDs; facilitate networking among and between researchers and other
participants; educate relevant policy-makers and public health workers;
address obstacles to barrier method development, use and acceptability;
and review current and potential products." The publication includes
the text of 25 papers presented at the meeting, as well as 5 reports
from working groups.
Correspondence: Wiley-Liss, 605 Third
Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:10325 Steiner,
Markus; Piedrahita, Carla; Glover, Lucinda; Joanis, Carol.
Can condom users likely to experience condom failure be
identified? Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 5, Sep-Oct
1993. 220-3, 226 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The analysis
presented in this article examines possible explanations for the wide
range of [condom] breakage rates presented in the literature and
attempts to provide a basis for identifying condom users who are at
increased risk of breaking condoms. This analysis uses a subset of
data from a [U.S.] study conducted by Family Health International (FHI)
to assess the value of laboratory tests in predicting condom
breakage....We also calculate rates of condom slippage and overall
failure (slippage and breakage combined)....Our data support the theory
that a small group of condom users is responsible for a
disproportionate number of condom failures. Couples with no condom
experience in the year before the study and couples who had experienced
condom breakage during that period had relatively high rates of condom
failure. This suggests that such couples have characteristics or
behave in ways that increase their risk of
failure."
Correspondence: M. Steiner, Family Health
International, P.O. Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:10327 Abeykoon,
A. T. P. L.; Wickramasuriya, Kusum; Devapriya, D. P. P.
Situation analysis: identification of pockets where population
programme activities need to be strengthened. Population
Information Centre Research Paper Series, No. 6, Dec 1992. 31 pp.
Ministry of Health and Women's Affairs, Population Division, Population
Information Centre: Colombo, Sri Lanka. In Eng.
The authors examine
data for Sri Lanka to determine "(1) Fertility trends, levels and
preferences (2) Contraceptive knowledge levels and gaps (3) Family
planning acceptance and contraceptive prevalence levels (4) Current
service delivery programmes (5) Current information, education and
communication channels and activities."
Correspondence:
Ministry of Health and Women's Affairs, Population Division, Population
Information Centre, 231 De Saram Place, Colombo 10, Sri Lanka.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:10328 Adeokun,
Lawrence. Strategies for successful implementation of
family planning programmes. In: International Population
Conference/Congres International de la Population: Montreal, 1993,
Volume 1. 1993. 151-3 pp. International Union for the Scientific Study
of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
The author "comments
on the feasibility of arriving at empirical generalizations from the
wealth of experiences derived from family [planning] programme
performances." The focus is on developing
countries.
Correspondence: L. Adeokun, Makerere University,
Institute of Statistics and Applied Economics, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala,
Uganda. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:10338 Bretin,
Helene. Contraception: what choice and for what kind of
life? Women's stories and doctors' statements. [Contraception:
quel choix pour quelle vie? Recits de femmes, paroles de medecins.]
Analyses et Prospective, ISBN 2-85598-545-5. LC 93-105626. 1992. ix,
229 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
This study concerns the provision of
contraceptive services to a population in the outer Paris urban region
of France where the populace is primarily of foreign origin. The
provision of injectable hormonal contraceptives to a relatively
marginal population, including North African immigrants, gypsies, and
poor French women, is the primary focus. The author examines the
attitude of such women toward having children and to the contraceptive
methods available, the attitudes of the doctors providing services, and
problems of communication and how they are exacerbated by linguistic
and cultural differences.
Correspondence: Institut National
de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, 100 rue de Tolbiac, 75654
Paris Cedex 13, France. Location: U.S. Library of Congress,
Washington, D.C.
60:10339 Holden,
Christine; Levy, David M. Birth control and the
amelioration controversy. History of Political Economy, Vol. 25,
No. 2, Summer 1993. 283-311 pp. Durham, North Carolina. In Eng.
The
authors explore the opposition among nineteenth-century Marxists to the
birth control movement, with a focus on the movement's perceived effect
on "the amelioration of the lot of the poor....We focus our inquiry [on
three questions]. (1) Will birth control make members of the working
class better or worse off? (2) Can the members of the working class be
counted upon to know their own interests? (3) Even if they know their
own interests, will they act on them?...The case we make is that birth
control makes sense only in a world of scarcity which, according to
Marxism, will not exist under communism." A case study of the
discourse surrounding the controversy in Imperial Germany is
discussed.
Correspondence: C. Holden, University of
Southern Maine, Department of History, Gorham, ME 04038.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
60:10346 Anderson,
Barbara A.; Katus, Kalev; Puur, Allan; Silver, Brian D.
Characteristics of women having abortions in Estonia. In:
International Population Conference/Congres International de la
Population: Montreal, 1993, Volume 1. 1993. 215-34 pp. International
Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium.
In Eng.
"This paper investigates the characteristics of women who
had legal abortions in Estonia in 1991. It is based on an exploratory
analysis of hospital and survey data for 360 women who had in-hospital
abortions in the city of Tallinn during that year....The paper also
investigates the relation between the abortion history and other
aspects of the sexual and reproductive history of the women. It
provides insights into the relation between abortion and contraceptive
history and the decision to marry."
Correspondence: B. A.
Anderson, University of Michigan, Population Studies Center, 1225 South
University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1070. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:10347 Avdeev,
Alexandre; Blum, Alain; Troitskaja, Irina. Abortion and
contraception in Russia and the former Soviet Union: past and
present. [L'avortement et la contraception en Russie et dans
l'ex-URSS: histoire et present.] INED Dossiers et Recherches, No. 41,
Oct 1993. 72 pp. Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]:
Paris, France. In Fre.
The authors first examine changes in Soviet
thinking and legislation on abortion and contraception. They then
analyze trends in abortion practice and law from the period preceding
1920 up to the present, and examine regional differences within the
USSR. They briefly discuss some recent data on contraceptive practice.
Extensive statistics on induced abortions in the USSR and Russia are
presented in appendixes.
Correspondence: Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:10359 Letamo,
Gobopamang. Modernization and premarital dyadic formations
in Botswana. In: International Population Conference/Congres
International de la Population: Montreal, 1993, Volume 1. 1993. 369-79
pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
The author investigates the impact of
modernization on traditional practices regarding premarital sex and
pregnancy in Botswana. "There seems to be clear evidence which
supports the view that the traditional social institutions and social
controls that existed in Botswana to prevent premarital sexual
intercourse have disappeared." Possible contributing factors include
less frequent segregation of boys and girls, migration of young people
to urban areas, fewer punishments for premarital sex and pregnancy, the
disappearance of polygamy, and low sex
ratios.
Correspondence: G. Letamo, Bowling Green State
University, Department of Sociology, Bowling Green, OH 43403-0231.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:10360 Nathanson,
Constance A.; Schoen, Robert. A bargaining theory of
sexual behaviour in women's adolescence. In: International
Population Conference/Congres International de la Population:
Montreal, 1993, Volume 1. 1993. 285-97 pp. International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"In
this paper we propose a bargaining theory of sexual relationships in
women's adolescence. The theory builds on economic models of utility
maximization, but modifies this theory by the addition of socially,
culturally, and ideologically-based constraints on women's behaviour.
The elements of this theory are 1) gender-specific economic
opportunities; 2) sexual and family ideologies; 3) social class; and 4)
race. Hypotheses are advanced to illustrate how this theory may be used
to predict outcomes such as the timing of sexual debut, first
cohabitation, first marriage, and the number of sexual partners....To
introduce and illustrate the elements of this theory, we draw on
research from two very different settings: sub-Saharan Africa and
California."
Correspondence: C. A. Nathanson, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21218. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
60:10362
Irarrazaval, Ignacio; Valenzuela, Juan P.
Illegitimacy in Chile. Toward a change in family formation?
[La ilegitimidad en Chile. Hacia un cambio en la formacion de la
familia?] Serie Documentos de Trabajo, No. 188, Dec 1992. 46 pp. Centro
de Estudios Publicos: Santiago, Chile. In Spa.
Trends in births
outside marriage in Chile since 1960 are analyzed. The authors show
that the percentage of extramarital births has increased from 15.9% in
1960 to 34.3% in 1990. They note that women with more education are
increasingly choosing to have children outside of marriage, and suggest
that this indicates a trend toward a new concept of the
family.
Correspondence: Centro de Estudios Publicos,
Monsenor Sotero Sanz 175, Santiago 9, Chile. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
60:10363 Prioux,
France. Regional aspects of family formation and
illegitimacy in Austria. [Aspects regionaux de la formation de la
famille et de l'illegitimite en Autriche.] Population, Vol. 48, No. 3,
May-Jun 1993. 711-34 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
The author analyzes the relationship between extramarital births
and family formation in Austria, with a focus on regional variations.
"In the second part of this paper, we consider how people in different
regions have reacted to successive measures that favoured marriage or
lone parenthood. It is shown that not only have illegitimate births
increased again in regions where they have traditionally been frequent,
but that they have also become more common in areas where previously
such tradition had not existed."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
