K. Demographic and Economic Interrelations

K.1. Economic Development and Population

K.1.1. General Economic Development and Population

59:40583 Bloom, David E.; Brender, Adi. Labor and the emerging world economy. Population Bulletin, Vol. 48, No. 2, Oct 1993. 39 pp. Population Reference Bureau: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This report "examines the link between global labor force growth and the integration of the world economy. First, it explores recent and projected patterns of labor force growth. Then, it discusses world economic integration as a process involving the reorganization of economic activity so that production can be increased without increasing inputs." Prospects for the international movement of labor and capital and the effect of these trends on "world economic inequality, patterns of economic dependency, levels of economic well-being,...the role of multilateral economic institutions, and...the prospects for further integration" are also discussed.
Correspondence: Population Reference Bureau, 1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 520, Washington, D.C. 20009. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40584 Galor, Oded; Weil, David N. The gender gap, fertility, and growth. PSTC Working Paper Series, No. 93-12, Nov 1993. 23, [5] pp. Brown University, Population Studies and Training Center [PSTC]: Providence, Rhode Island. In Eng.
The authors examine the mechanism linking fertility and economic growth by combining "a model of the household's fertility/labor supply choice with a growth model in which the wages of men and women are endogenously determined. The main concern of the study is with how growth, via changes in relative factor prices, affects household decisions about the level of fertility and women's labor force participation, and how these decisions in turn feed back through the aggregate production mechanism to affect output growth."
Correspondence: Brown University, Population Studies and Training Center, Box 1916, Providence, RI 02912. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

K.1.2. Developing Countries

59:40585 Ghetau, Vasile. New approaches to the relationship between population growth and economic development. [Noi abordari ale raportului dintre cresterea demografica si dezvoltarea economica.] Viitorul Social, Vol. 82, No. 5-6, Sep-Dec 1989. 475-81 pp. Bucharest, Romania. In Rum.
Aspects of the relationship between population growth and socioeconomic development are discussed. The geographical focus is on developing countries.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40586 Goldstein, Alice; Gu, Shengzu; Goldstein, Sidney. Small towns in China's development strategy: the experience of North Hubei. Janasamkhya, Vol. 8, No. 2, Dec 1990. 89-113 pp. Kariavattom, India. In Eng.
The authors analyze data from North Hubei, China, to better understand the role of small towns in nonagricultural activities and rural modernization. They review changing definitions, rural and urban status, growth patterns, and regional variations. They conclude that China's small-town policies have been initially successful in generating income and expanding nonagricultural activities and employment, but additional state investment may be necessary.
Correspondence: A. Goldstein, Brown University, Population Studies and Training Center, Box 1916, Providence, RI 02912. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40587 Jayatilake, Manthrigae J. J. Socioeconomic development and fertility decline in Sri Lanka. Pub. Order No. DA9315818. 1992. 221 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
The author applies multiple regression analysis to census data in order to explore the causes, timing, and magnitude of the fertility decline in Sri Lanka from 1963 to 1981. The study was undertaken as a doctoral dissertation at Vanderbilt University.
Correspondence: University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 54(1).

59:40588 Kansaker, Keshari L. Demographic and technological responses to rapid population growth and environmental degradation: a case study of Arwa-Bijaypur Village, Nepal. 1992. University of Southern California: Los Angeles, California. In Eng.
The study was undertaken as a doctoral dissertation at the University of Southern California.
Correspondence: University of Southern California, Micrographics Department, Doheny Library, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0182. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 53(12).

59:40589 Meillassoux, Claude. The economic background of demographic growth. Journal of Social Studies, No. 59, Jan 1993. 1-25 pp. Dhaka, Bangladesh. In Eng.
The author examines the relationship between population growth and economic development, and challenges the assumption that rapid population growth is a threat to successful development. Particular attention is given to the situation in Africa. A case is made against efforts made by institutions in the developed world to help lower rates of population growth in developing countries.
Correspondence: C. Meillassoux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.

59:40590 Mink, Stephen D. Poverty, population, and the environment. World Bank Discussion Paper, No. 189, ISBN 0-8213-2328-8. LC 92-43480. 1993. viii, 40 pp. World Bank: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This report "presents a number of key arguments and some initial conclusions relating to the interactions of poverty, population, and the environment." The focus is on how to achieve sustainable levels of development in developing countries.
Correspondence: World Bank, Publications Department, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40591 Srivastava, J. N.; Saxena, D. N.; Mathur, R. S. Demographic evaluation of a development programme in rural Uttar Pradesh: a field study sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation, U.S.A. LC 92-908618. 1991. viii, 141 pp. Yash Publishers: Lucknow, India. In Eng.
"This study investigates the impact of a development programme in rural Uttar Pradesh [India], involving extension of loan/subsidy to small and marginal farmers for installation of tubewell on their farms, in terms of economic and social gains and their induced effects on fertility, infant and child mortality, migration, family size motivations and the two proximate determinants of fertility namely, age at marriage and family planning acceptance. The methodological approach of comparing gains to the programme group and the control group over the period in before-after fashion has been adopted. The sample of the study consists of households and reproductive couples from three districts of the State, widely varying in levels of development and regional location."
Correspondence: Yash Publishers, Sahai Colony, Laxmanpuri, Lucknow 226 016, India. Location: New York Public Library, New York, NY.

59:40592 Sudan, Falendra K. Demographic transition in south Asia. ISBN 81-7041-647-7. LC 92-905869. 1992. vii, 300 pp. Anmol Publications: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
"In the present study, an attempt has been made to analyse the facts and features of South Asian population and the demographic factors affecting the pace and level of economic and social development in the region. A population policy for the region is also worked out....It is emphasized that in the present context...what [is] needed is the increase in...productive capacity to support a large population on the one hand and...the reduction in fertility rates on the other hand...."
Correspondence: Anmol Publications, 4378/4B Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi 110 002, India. Location: New York Public Library, New York, NY.

59:40593 Wendel, Christopher S. Curbing rapid population growth: the crux of sustainable development. Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, Vol. 17, No. 1, Winter 1993. 167-80 pp. Medford, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"Over the last forty years there has been a wide success variance in the development of the non-industrialized world. [The author] examines the critical role that population growth has played in determining the rate of development in these countries and suggests some policies for reconciling population growth with sustainable development."
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

59:40594 Yen, Wei; Carter, Lewis F. Unintended consequences of Ze Ren Zhi reforms in China: interplay of agricultural reform and population control policy. Applied Behavioral Science Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1993. 27-46 pp. Greenwich, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
The authors "show how an apparently effective solution to agricultural under-production [initiated in China in 1978 and called Ze Ren Zhi, or the Responsibility System, a managerial system under which the responsibility for agricultural production was minutely divided] has led to serious, but unintended, consequences in the form of a resurgence of population growth. In addition, the paper will trace in some detail the history of agricultural policy...from 1949 to [the] present." The importance of integrating policy domains is also discussed.
Correspondence: W. Yen, Washington State University, Department of Sociology, Pullman, WA 99164. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

K.1.3. Developed Countries

59:40595 Barro, Robert J.; Sala-i-Martin, Xavier. Regional growth and migration: a Japan-United States comparison. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Vol. 6, No. 4, Dec 1992. 312-46 pp. San Diego, California. In Eng.
"Do poor economies grow faster than rich ones? This...economic question...is analyzed in this paper using two regional data sets: 47 prefectures in Japan and 48 states of the United States. We find clear evidence of convergence in both countries: poor prefectures and states grow faster. We also find that there is intraregional as well as interregional convergence. We analyze the cross-sectional standard deviation across prefectures and states....Finally we study the determinants of the rates of regional in-migration....We find little evidence in favor of the argument that population movements are the reason why we find convergence across economies."
Correspondence: R. J. Barro, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

59:40596 Hendrickx, Francois M. M. From weavers to workers: demographic implications of an economic transformation in Twente (the Netherlands) in the nineteenth century. Continuity and Change, Vol. 8, No. 2, Aug 1993. 321-55 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
"The article examines demographic aspects of proto-industrialization and its subsequent transition either to 'industrialization proper' or to re-ruralization. To this end, two villages in the Dutch textile region of Twente [in the nineteenth century] are examined....By means of family reconstitutions, demographic behaviour during both proto-industrialization and its subsequent alternative developments are investigated. It appears that neither proto-industrialization nor industrialization or re-ruralization had any profound influence on demographic behaviour in the two villages. There are no dramatic differences in ages at marriage or completed family size, either between occupational groups, or between communities, or over time."
Correspondence: F. M. M. Hendrickx, University of Nijmegen, Department of History, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40597 Kriedte, Peter; Medick, Hans; Schlumbohm, Jurgen. Proto-industrialization revisited: demography, social structure, and modern domestic industry. Continuity and Change, Vol. 8, No. 2, Aug 1993. 217-52 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
"This article seeks to assess the rich yield of empirical literature over the last fifteen years on three important aspects of the original hypotheses about proto-industrialization [in Europe]. Important modifications are introduced into the existing 'demo-economic model' of proto-industrialization. The hitherto neglected questions of the social groups engaged in proto-industrialization and the interpenetration of agriculture and domestic industry are then subjected to systematic investigation. The final section of the article discusses the simultaneous coexistence and competition between proto-industry or domestic industry on the one hand and factory industry on the other, which endured well into the twentieth century."
Correspondence: P. Kriedte, Max-Planck-Institut fur Geschichte, Hermann-Foge-Weg 11, Postfach 2833, 3400 Gottingen, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40598 Nelissen, Jan H. M.; Vossen, Ad P. The impact of population growth on the standard of living: demo-economic scenarios for the Netherlands. European Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1993. 169-96 pp. Hingham, Massachusetts/Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"The core of the article can be comprised in the question: Will population ageing become a threat to [the] standard of living [in the Netherlands]?...In order to explore a broad range of possibilities two strongly contrasting...scenarios serve as the starting-points of the analyses....The question of whether the ageing process will jeopardize the standard of living, is, for each of the demographic projections, answered by comparing them with three economic targets....The most important conclusion is that in the long run neither of the scenarios developed will generate an economic growth comparable with that of the 1960s and 1970s."
Correspondence: J. H. M. Nelissen, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40599 Rakowski, Witold. The process of population change in the economically underdeveloped rural areas as a reflection of spatial differentiation of living conditions. [Proces zmian ludnosciowych na obszarze wiejskim wybitnie zacofanym gospodarczo/na przykladzie puszczy zielonej/jako odzwierciedlenie zroznicowania przestrzennego warunkow zycia ludnosci.] Biuletyn IGS, Vol. 35, No. 3-4, 1992. 95-111, 144 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
"The author reviews population changes which have occurred...in the highly economically underdeveloped hamlets [of Poland] in the period of 1950-1988." Factors considered include natural growth and migratory flows.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40600 Righi, Alessandra; Sbrana, Alessandro. Annotated bibliography on the status and economic role of the elderly, and the socioeconomic consequences of population aging in Western countries. [Una bibliografia annotata sullo status e il ruolo economico dell'anziano, e sulle conseguenze socio-economiche dell'invecchiamento della popolazione nei paesi occidentali.] Istituto di Ricerche sulla Popolazione Working Paper, 2nd ed. No. 07/92, Dec 1992. 49 pp. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerche sulla Popolazione [IRP]: Rome, Italy. In Ita. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"This paper presents the second version of an international computerized bibliography, including abstracts of the papers listed, on the economic status and role of elderly people and on the social and economic consequences of population aging in Italy and in Western countries."
Correspondence: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerche sulla Popolazione, Viale Beethoven 56, 00144 Rome, Italy. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40601 Stiglbauer, Karl. Regional population development and the service sector in Austria. Geographia Polonica, No. 59, 1992. 7-19 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Eng.
The author explores the spatial development of Austria's service sector and its relationship to geographic aspects of population trends. The study focuses on the period 1971-1981 and uses data from official sources, including the 1981 census. The author concludes that the service sector is likely to continue to grow rapidly in the foreseeable future and that this trend will have significant consequences for the spatial distribution of the population.
Correspondence: K. Stiglbauer, University of Vienna, Department of Geography, Vienna, Austria. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

K.2. Population Growth and Natural Resources

59:40602 Aboud, Abdillahi A. Population pressures, environmental degradation and farmers' adaptive strategies in Nakuru District of Kenya. Pub. Order No. DA9305445. 1992. 234 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
Data from 300 farmers are used in this study, prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Correspondence: University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 53(10).

59:40603 Agbo, Valentin; Sokpon, Nestor; Hough, John; West, Patrick C. Population-environment dynamics in a constrained ecosystem in Northern Benin. In: Population-environment dynamics: ideas and observations, edited by Gayl D. Ness, William D. Drake, and Steven R. Brechin. 1993. 283-300 pp. University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This chapter explores a middle range theory...of differences in population-environment relations under conditions of 'constrained ecosystems.' Using a rather extreme case from a village in Northern Benin (Tannougou), this theory is elaborated and illustrated....The basic theoretical proposition we would posit is that the greater number of types of ecosystem constraints involved and the greater degree of constraint of these components, the more tightly linked population-environment relations will be; i.e., the more intensely population pressures will negatively effect the environment and the more intensely the environmental degradation will redound upon the human population."
Correspondence: V. Agbo, National University of Benin, Abomey-Calavi, BP 526, Cotonou, Benin. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

59:40604 Aguirre, B. E.; Saenz, Rogelio; Edmiston, John; Yang, Nan; Agramonte, Elsa; Stuart, Dietra L. The human ecology of tornadoes. Demography, Vol. 30, No. 4, Nov 1993. 623-33 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper offers an empirical test of the impact of human ecological patterns and other known correlates on tornado occurrence. It uses the National Severe Storms Forecast Center's information on tornadoes from 1950 through 1990 and employs ecological data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census and the Environmental Protection Agency. The results show that metropolitan and other urban counties have higher odds of tornado occurrence than rural counties, and that the probability of occurrence of tornadoes increases with increases in the number of previous tornadoes."
Correspondence: B. E. Aguirre, Texas A & M University, Department of Sociology, College Station, TX 77843. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40605 Birdsall, Nancy. Another look at population and global warming. Policy Research Working Paper: Population, Health, and Nutrition, No. WPS 1020, Nov 1992. 30, [15] pp. World Bank, Country Economics Department: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"There is little basis for the view that the South could contribute to major reductions in global warming by taking new and stronger steps to reduce its population. But cost analysis suggests that it makes sense for developed countries in their own interests to spend money to reduce rates of population growth in developing countries as part of any optimal carbon reduction strategy."
Correspondence: World Bank, Country Economics Department, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.

59:40606 Brechin, Steven R.; Surapaty, Surya C.; Heydir, Laurel; Roflin, Eddy. Protected area deforestation in South Sumatra, Indonesia. In: Population-environment dynamics: ideas and observations, edited by Gayl D. Ness, William D. Drake, and Steven R. Brechin. 1993. 225-51 pp. University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"The purpose of this chapter is to explore the relationships between population and the environment found at the local level. Empirically, we attempt to determine why small-scale coffee farmers have deforested large portions of established protected areas (i.e., designated as protection forests and wildlife reserves) within the district of Lahat, South Sumatra, Indonesia....The chapter is divided into several sections. It begins with a brief discussion of the literature on tropical deforestation and the status of protected areas. The main body of the chapter contains research findings on the probable causes of protected area deforestation. It also includes a more conceptual analysis of population-environment relationships in general and a review of future policy alternatives."
Correspondence: S. R. Brechin, Princeton University, Center for Energy and Environmental Studies, 2C-16 Green Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

59:40607 Drake, William D. Towards building a theory of population-environment dynamics: a family of transitions. In: Population-environment dynamics: ideas and observations, edited by Gayl D. Ness, William D. Drake, and Steven R. Brechin. 1993. 305-55 pp. University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This chapter offers...[a] formulation of the population-environment dynamic [that] attempts to focus upon critical time periods in the evolution of societies using a common framework which can be applied across many sectors....[The author suggests that] not only is there a demographic and epidemiological transition, but also a deforestation, toxicity, agricultural, energy, urbanization, technological and educational transition...." Data from selected countries and regions are analyzed and compared for evidence of these transitions. An appendix presents methodologies for modeling transition trajectories.
Correspondence: W. D. Drake, University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources and Environment, Resource Planning and Conservation, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

59:40608 Grainger, Alan. Population as concept and parameter in the modeling of deforestation. In: Population-environment dynamics: ideas and observations, edited by Gayl D. Ness, William D. Drake, and Steven R. Brechin. 1993. 71-101 pp. University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"If population-environment dynamics is to be established as a distinct and rigorous field of study in which empirical research is supported by, and in turn extends, the scope of theoretical analysis then it is clearly imperative to move from a situation in which population is only a general concept to one where it is a quantifiable parameter whose involvement in environmental change can be fully tested. This paper assesses the possibilities for doing this with respect to modeling land use change and deforestation in the humid tropics. Its particular focus is an examination of which population parameter is most suitable for models of this kind. The relative merits of two population-derived parameters, population density and forest area per capita, are discussed."
Correspondence: A. Grainger, University of Leeds, School of Geography, Leeds LS2 9JT, England. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

59:40609 Holland, Bart K. A view of population growth circa A.D. 200. Population and Development Review, Vol. 19, No. 2, Jun 1993. 328-9 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This note presents my translation from the Latin of a demographically relevant passage in De Anima [written by Tertullian around the year A.D. 200]." The focus is on concerns about the impact of population growth on the environment.
Correspondence: B. K. Holland, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103-2757. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40610 Keyfitz, Nathan. Population and sustainable development: distinguishing fact and preference concerning the future human population and environment. Population and Environment, Vol. 14, No. 5, May 1993. 441-61 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The author examines the relationships among population size, the environment, and economic growth, with a focus on when and whether decisions will be made to stop environmental destruction. The geographical scope is worldwide.
Correspondence: N. Keyfitz, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40611 Korporowicz, Violetta. Ecological and spatial conditions of mortality in Poland: the example of cancer and circulatory system diseases. [Ekologiczne i przestrzenne uwarunkowania umieralnosci w Polsce/na przykladzie chorob nowotworowych i ukladu krazenia.] Biuletyn IGS, Vol. 35, No. 3-4, 1992. 122-40, 145 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The author analyzes statistical data from Poland and finds regional correlations between the degradation of the environment and mortality from cancer and circulatory system diseases.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40612 Low, Bobbi S.; Heinen, Joel T. Population, resources, and environment: implications of human behavioral ecology for conservation. Population and Environment, Vol. 15, No. 1, Sep 1993. 7-41 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Here we examine human resource use in a behavioral ecological context, generating testable predictions about resource use patterns....A behavioral ecological approach argues that humans, like all other living organisms, evolved to get resources in order to survive and reproduce, and that individual and familial wellbeing has always been central, while the good of the group has seldom been relevant." The authors conclude that "many solutions to resource problems may lie in adopting conservation strategies that provide direct individual or familial benefits, or advertisements to potential reciprocators, as well as monetary advantages."
Correspondence: B. S. Low, University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources, Evolution and Human Behavior Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40613 Martine, George. The phases of agricultural modernization in Brazil. In: Population-environment dynamics: ideas and observations, edited by Gayl D. Ness, William D. Drake, and Steven R. Brechin. 1993. 167-86 pp. University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"Three different phases of agricultural modernization can be distinguished in Brazil [since the 1960s]....This paper addresses itself to the description of these various 'phases' and to the analysis of their different social consequences or 'faces'."
Correspondence: G. Martine, Institute for the Study of Society, Population, and Nature, Brasilia, Brazil. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

59:40614 Ness, Gayl D.; Drake, William D.; Brechin, Steven R. Population-environment dynamics: ideas and observations. ISBN 0-472-10395-4. LC 92-41581. 1993. xv, 456 pp. University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"In October 1990, the University of Michigan hosted an International Symposium on Population-Environment Dynamics to bring together recognized leaders in this area. The meetings...focused on identifying the underlying theoretical issues and developing a research agenda for the field. Experts from the University, other research and teaching institutions, and a number of government agencies throughout the world participated in these discussions. The papers presented in this volume are the combined product of the international symposium and the interdisciplinary pilot projects generated from [an annual] seminar series."
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent issues of Population Index.
Correspondence: University of Michigan Press, 639 Greene Street, POB 1104, Ann Arbor, MI 48106. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

59:40615 Ness, Gayl D. The long view: population-environment dynamics in historical perspective. In: Population-environment dynamics: ideas and observations, edited by Gayl D. Ness, William D. Drake, and Steven R. Brechin. 1993. 33-55 pp. University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This chapter provides a brief summary of the long historical trends that link population growth to environmental change. It begins with a review of the past millennium of population growth on a global scale. It then presents the underlying population dynamics that mark our modern period, the demographic transition, which helps to explain differential growth rates in major regions of the world. Finally, it examines broad patterns of population and economic growth over the past four decades, with projections to 2025."
Correspondence: G. D. Ness, University of Michigan, College of Literature, Science, and Arts, Department of Sociology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

59:40616 Ruttan, Vernon. Constraints on sustainable growth in agricultural production. In: Population-environment dynamics: ideas and observations, edited by Gayl D. Ness, William D. Drake, and Steven R. Brechin. 1993. 57-70 pp. University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This paper explores the constraints on sustainable growth in agricultural production into the first decades of the twenty-first century. Although the population issue is not directly addressed, a number of agricultural, resource, environmental and health concerns are examined which will condition the capacity of the agricultural sector to respond to the demands of population and income growth particularly in the developing countries of Latin America, Asia and Africa."
Correspondence: V. Ruttan, University of Minnesota, 100 Church Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

59:40617 Stoffle, Richard W.; Halmo, David B.; Stoffle, Brent W.; Williams, Andrew L.; Burpee, C. Gaye. An ecosystem approach to the study of coastal areas: a case study from the Dominican Republic. In: Population-environment dynamics: ideas and observations, edited by Gayl D. Ness, William D. Drake, and Steven R. Brechin. 1993. 253-82 pp. University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"It is argued here that the study of population-environment dynamics in coastal areas must address changes in both terrestrial and marine ecozones because they comprise a single ecosystem. The concept of 'ecosystem' has scientific and policy implications for coastal area studies....From a policy perspective, it means the holistic management of the human and natural resources that scientific studies demonstrates exist and are functionally integrated at the junction of the sea and the land....This paper is based on a series of studies of population-environment dynamics involving the residents of a small community located on the north coast of the Dominican Republic."
Correspondence: R. W. Stoffle, University of Arizona, Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, Tucson, AZ 85721. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

59:40618 Teitelbaum, Michael; Winter, Jay. The missing links: the population-environment debate in historical perspective. In: Population-environment dynamics: ideas and observations, edited by Gayl D. Ness, William D. Drake, and Steven R. Brechin. 1993. 17-31 pp. University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
The authors discuss the debate on the population-environment relationship. The focus is on the tendency of scholars "to adopt an analytical approach and a language of interpretation which may or may not claim (or have) predictive force, but which are defined in such a way as to marginalize or exclude other modes of thinking....This paper highlights the historical pedigree of this style of writing on population and environment issues within Western intellectual and scientific tradition, and suggests ways of using the more liberal versions of several schools of thought to advance our understanding of what are inevitably profoundly complicated issues."
Correspondence: M. Teitelbaum, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Program Office, New York, NY. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

59:40619 van Imhoff, Evert; Themmen, Ellen; Willekens, Frans. Population, environment, and development. NIDI/CBGS Publication, No. 25, ISBN 90-265-1305-4. LC 93-108698. May 1992. 89 pp. Swets and Zeitlinger: Berwyn, Pennsylvania/Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This book contains the contributions made at the symposium 'Population, Environment, and Development', held in Groningen [Netherlands] on April 3, 1992....The primary focus of the symposium was to increase knowledge on this subject and to stimulate discussion on the complexities involved in the relationship between population, environment, and development." Papers are included on the Dutch government's view of population, environment, and development; an introduction to links between population and environment; the importance of water supplies; and a case study of population and sustainable development in Mauritius.
Correspondence: Swets and Zeitlinger, Heveweg 347B, 2161 CA Lisse, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40620 Wirosuhardjo, Kartomo. Indonesia: stresses and reactions. In: Population-environment dynamics: ideas and observations, edited by Gayl D. Ness, William D. Drake, and Steven R. Brechin. 1993. 153-65 pp. University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
The author examines the relationship between population and environment in Indonesia. Aspects considered include population growth, family planning policies, agriculture and forestry, and urbanization and employment.
Correspondence: K. Wirosuhardjo, University of Indonesia, Research Institute, POB 295, Jl. Salemba Raya 4, Jakarta, Indonesia. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

59:40621 Zinn, Frank D.; Brechin, Steven R.; Ness, Gayl D. Perceiving population-environment dynamics: toward an applied local-level population-environment monitoring system. In: Population-environment dynamics: ideas and observations, edited by Gayl D. Ness, William D. Drake, and Steven R. Brechin. 1993. 357-75 pp. University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"In this chapter, we...[propose] an applied approach to understanding population environment relationships through improved monitoring at the local level." Monitoring systems operated by governments and private agencies are outlined, and some computer software programs used for geographical and environmental analysis are briefly discussed. The work of the Population-Environment Monitoring Systems (PEMS), sponsored by Michigan State University, Princeton University, and the University of Michigan, is also described. PEMS projects in Indonesia, Mexico, and Zimbabwe are reviewed.
Correspondence: F. Zinn, Michigan State University, Urban Planning, East Lansing, MI 48824. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

K.3. Employment and Labor Force Participation

59:40622 Berman, Eli; Bound, John; Griliches, Zvi. Changes in the demand for skilled labor within U.S. manufacturing industries: evidence from the Annual Survey of Manufacturing. Population Studies Center Research Report, No. 93-271, Jan 1993. 30, [16] pp. University of Michigan, Population Studies Center: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
The period covered is from 1979 to 1989.
Correspondence: University of Michigan, Population Studies Center, 1225 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2609. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40623 Camstra, Ronald. Rising female labour force participation in the Netherlands: the geodemography of gender. PDOD Paper, No. 14, Jan 1993. 22 pp. Universiteit van Amsterdam, Postdoctorale Onderzoekersopleiding Demografie [PDOD]: Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
The recent rise in female labor force participation in the Netherlands is described using data from the Housing Needs Sample (WBO) for 1981, 1985, and 1989.
Correspondence: Universiteit van Amsterdam, Postdoctorale Onderzoekersopleiding Demografie, Planologisch en Demografisch Instituut, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40624 Chapman, Bruce J.; Iredale, Robyn R. Immigrant qualifications: recognition and relative wage outcomes. International Migration Review, Vol. 27, No. 2, Summer 1993. 359-87 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"One aim of this study is to examine the labor market outcomes of immigrants relative to the Australian born....In particular, this article examines both the extent of formal nonrecognition of overseas qualifications and the indirect implications for wage outcomes of a lack of full recognition of qualifications. Immigrant relative wage analysis...is the subject of the second part of this article...."
Correspondence: B. J. Chapman, Australian National University, GPO 4, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40625 Engelbrech, Gerhard. The situation of women in the new federal Lander of united in Germany in the process of transition to a market economy. [Die Situation von Frauen in den neuen Bundeslandern beim Ubergang zur Marktwirtschaft.] Zeitschrift fur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 18, No. 4, 1992. 477-93 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"Due to the new federal states taking over West Germany's social and economic system the...labour market as well as the social infrastructure have changed....Thus women's employment rate of...90% at the time of the change fell to 77% as early as in April 1991, and thus was reduced much more than was men's employment rate (86%). Parallel to this, women's unemployment rate increased more than that of men. Thus reunification and the structural changes connected thereto...entangle working women in the new federal states in a dual conflict: between traditional individual and changed social expectations with regard to female economic activity, and between individual aspirations and the feasibility of realising them because of the current [labor market] situation...."
Correspondence: G. Engelbrech, Institut fur Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung der Bundesanstalt fur Arbeit, Regensburger Strasse 104, 90487 Nuremburg, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40626 Godbout, Todd M. Employment change and sectoral distribution in 10 countries, 1970-90. Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 116, No. 10, Oct 1993. 3-20 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
A comparative analysis of employment growth from 1970 to 1990 in 10 major developed, market-economy countries is presented. It shows that "employment growth was fastest in North America and Australia, reflecting primarily their more rapid increases in population; in all countries studied, the service sector was the major source of job growth."
Correspondence: T. M. Godbout, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Division of Foreign Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212. Location: Princeton University Library (Docs).

59:40627 Klauder, Wolfgang. Economic and social significance of women's economic activity today and tomorrow. [Wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Bedeutung der Frauenerwerbstatigkeit heute und morgen.] Zeitschrift fur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 18, No. 4, 1992. 435-63 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"The first part of this contribution deals with the actual and the future tendencies of the development of female economic activity [in West Germany]. Until 1970 female economic activity rates...had hardly been higher than at the beginning of this century. However, after 1970...the economic activity rates of married women increased very much....In the second part of this contribution the consequences these tendencies will have for the economy and society are discussed."
Correspondence: W. Klauder, Institut fur Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung der Bundesanstalt fur Arbeit, Regensburger Strasse 104, 90487 Nuremburg, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40628 Maxim, Paul S.; Zhao, John Z.; Beaujot, Roderic. Self-employment among immigrants: a test of the social marginality hypothesis. Population Studies Centre Discussion Paper, No. 93-7, ISBN 0-7714-1554-0. Jul 1993. 36 pp. University of Western Ontario, Population Studies Centre: London, Canada. In Eng.
Data from the Canadian census of 1986 are used to test the hypothesis that immigrants turn to self-employment rather than to wage labor because of the disadvantages they experience as nonnatives.
Correspondence: University of Western Ontario, Population Studies Centre, Room 3227, Social Science Centre, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40629 Mier y Teran, Marta. Fertility decline and female labor force participation in Mexico. [Descenso de la fecundidad y participacion laboral femenina en Mexico.] Notas de Poblacion, Vol. 20, No. 56, Dec 1992. 143-71 pp. Santiago, Chile. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"The objective of this paper is to analyse the effect of fertility transition on the increasing female participation in the labour force over the last two decades in Mexico."
Correspondence: M. Mier y Teran, Universidad Nacional Autonoma, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40630 Roloff, Juliane. Problems related to the labor force participation of women in the new federal Lander of United Germany. [Zu Problemen der Erwerbsbeteiligung der Frauen in den neuen Bundeslandern.] Zeitschrift fur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 18, No. 4, 1992. 465-75 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
Changes in female labor force participation in unified Germany are examined. The focus is on the high rate of women's employment in East Germany prior to reunification. "It is shown on the basis of the official unemployment statistics and...surveys whether and to what extent women actually [had] chances in the East German labour market. Finally, a first step is taken towards demonstrating a possible interrelationship between the changes in the economic activity of East German women and their reproductive behaviour."
Correspondence: J. Roloff, Bundesinstitut fur Bevolkerungsforschung, 65180 Wiesbaden, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40631 Salehi-Isfahani, Djavad. Population pressure, intensification of agriculture, and rural-urban migration. Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 40, Apr 1993. 371-84 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"In this paper I provide an analytical basis for why labor absorption [in agriculture] may improve with higher population density. My argument is in two parts. First, analysing agriculture in isolation, I use the Boserup insight to show that higher population density is associated with more intensive techniques of land use. Second, using a two-sector model, I show that the rate of labor absorption (defined as the rate of natural population growth minus the rate of rural-urban migration) increases with the intensity of land use." Cross-sectional data for Iran are used to illustrate the model.
Correspondence: D. Salehi-Isfahani, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Economics, Blacksburg, VA 24961. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

59:40632 Stambuk, Maja. Population and households in urban and rural settlements. [Stanovnistvo i domacinstva gradskih i seoskih naselja.] Sociologija Sela, Vol. 28, No. 107-108, Jan-Jun 1990. 63-76 pp. Zagreb, Yugoslavia. In Scr. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
"This article is based on an analysis of the demographic and socio-economic structure of the employed population in Croatia and their households, and it considers the importance...of social residential attributes and the permeation of the 'rural and urban populations and their closeness'...."
Correspondence: M. Stambuk, Sveucilista u Zagrebu, Institut za Drustvena, Trg Marsala Tita 14, P.O.B. 815, 41000 Zagreb, Croatia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40633 Wang, Shengjin. A study of labor resources in northeast Asia. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1992. 237-47 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper will discuss questions such as the tapping, utilization and rational distribution (international migration) of labor resources that have already begun and will continue to expand in the regional economic and technological cooperation of Northeast Asia....In the broad sense, Northeast Asia refers to the Soviet Far Eastern Economic Division and the Siberian Economic Division; the Northeast, North, and Northwest of China; Mongolia; Korea, South Korea and Japan; its area being 17.5 million square kilometers, or 40% of the Asian land area. Its population is 580 million, or 20% of the total population of Asia."
Correspondence: S. Wang, Jilin University, Population Research Institute, 83 Jie Fang Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, China. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40634 White, Michael J.; Hunter, Lori M. The migratory response of native-born workers to the presence of immigrants in the labor market. PSTC Working Paper Series, No. 93-08, Jul 1993. 17 pp. Brown University, Population Studies and Training Center [PSTC]: Providence, Rhode Island. In Eng.
"This study presents a new approach to measuring the impact of immigrant presence on native-born employment opportunities....Two statistical analyses are conducted utilizing a contextual file with both individual (1980 PUMS) [U.S. Public Use Microdata Sample] and aggregate data (1970 and 1980 STF files) [Summary Tape Files, produced by the U.S. Bureau of the Census]."
Correspondence: Brown University, Population Studies and Training Center, Box 1916, Providence, RI 02912. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

59:40635 Winkelmann, Rainer; Zimmermann, Klaus F. Ageing, migration and labour mobility. CEPR Discussion Paper, No. 706, Oct 1992. 18, [11] pp. Centre for Economic Policy Research [CEPR]: London, England. In Eng.
"This paper provides insights into the relationship between the substantial ageing of the European labour force, large migration movements, and individual labour mobility." Particular attention is given to the situation in Germany.
Correspondence: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 25-28 Old Burlington Street, London W1X 1LB, England. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.