59:40100 Anson,
Jon. The shape of mortality curves: an analysis of
counties in England and Wales, 1911. European Journal of
Population/Revue Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 9, No. 1, 1993. 33-54
pp. Hingham, Massachusetts/Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre.
"Previous analysis has shown that life tables may be
distinguished by two orthogonal pieces of information, the level of
mortality in the population and the relative shape of the mortality
curve. We show that both the regions of England and Wales in 1911, and
locality types (county boroughs, other urban, and rural) differ in the
shape of their mortality curves. Using data for the administrative
counties, we examine the underlying correlates of this differentiation,
paying particular attention to the socio-economic structure of the
counties as reflected in their wealth, opportunity levels, and degree
of urbanisation."
Correspondence: J. Anson, Ben Gurion
University of the Negev, Department of Social Work, 84 105 Beersheba,
Israel. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40101 Coale,
Ansley J. Mortality schedules in China derived from data
in the 1982 and 1990 censuses. OPR Working Paper, No. 93-7, Jul
1993. 5, [13] pp. Princeton University, Office of Population Research
[OPR]: Princeton, New Jersey. In Eng.
The author proposes a method
of estimating recent mortality trends in China using census data. The
model takes into account the apparent undercount of deaths in the
period immediately preceding the 1990
census.
Correspondence: Princeton University, Office of
Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue, Princeton, NJ 08544-2091.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40102 Getty, J.
Arch; Rittersporn, Gabor T.; Zemskov, Viktor N. Victims of
the Soviet penal system in the pre-war years: a first approach on the
basis of archival evidence. American Historical Review, Vol. 98,
No. 4, Oct 1993. 1,017-49 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Population
dynamics in the penal system (or GULAG) in the Soviet Union during the
1930s are analyzed using data from recently available secret police and
Communist party documents. The focus is on the total loss and
destruction of life. The authors conclude that the lower previous
estimates of mortality may be more accurate than higher
ones.
Correspondence: J. A. Getty, University of
California, Riverside, CA 92521. Location: Princeton
University Library (SH).
59:40103 Landers,
John. Death and the metropolis: studies in the
demographic history of London 1670-1830. Cambridge Studies in
Population, Economy and Society in Past Time, No. 20, ISBN
0-521-35599-0. LC 92-10887. 1993. xxiii, 408 pp. Cambridge University
Press: New York, New York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"This book
has the...goal of understanding eighteenth-century London's recorded
burial surpluses as a demographic phenomenon--as an outward expression
of...a 'vital regime'....The first part of the book is concerned with
developing [a] frame of reference, grounding it in the specific
circumstances of eighteenth-century London, and carrying out some
preliminary empirical tests on the resulting model. This is followed,
in part II, by an attempt to measure the level of mortality by means of
a family reconstitution study carried out on the vital registers of
London Quakers and an aggregative analysis of material from the London
Bills of Mortality. Part III is based primarily on numerator
statistics and examines the seasonality, short-run instability, and
spatial variability, of mortality patterns using material taken from
both the annual and weekly Bills, as well as two samples of parish
registers."
Correspondence: Cambridge University Press,
Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40104 Ohba,
Tamotsu. An application of spectrum analysis to time
series data of frequencies of death. Jinko Mondai Kenkyu/Journal
of Population Problems, Vol. 48, No. 2, Jul 1992. 15-21 pp. Tokyo,
Japan. In Jpn.
The author applies spectrum analysis to time series
data on mortality for Japan in an attempt to identify seasonal
variations. Evidence of a weekly cycle is obtained, but the data do
not suggest any monthly variation.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:40105 Shao,
Zhihong; Gao, Wenli; Yao, Yinmei; Zhuo, Yansong; Riggs, Jack
E. The dynamics of aging and mortality in the People's
Republic of China, 1957-1990. Mechanisms of Ageing and
Development, Vol. 67, No. 3, 1993. 239-46 pp. Limerick, Ireland. In
Eng.
"Estimated age-specific mortality rates from the People's
Republic of China for seven years from 1957 to 1990 were analyzed using
the method of longitudinal Gompertzian analysis. The results in this
population further validate the Strehler-Mildvan modification of the
Gompertz relationship between aging and
mortality."
Correspondence: J. E. Riggs, West Virginia
University, Health Sciences Center, Department of Neurology, P.O. Box
9180, Morgantown, WV 26506-9180. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:40106 Stephan,
Peter. Mortality in past centuries. [Sterben in
fruheren Jahrhunderten.] Biologisches Zentralblatt, Vol. 112, No. 1,
1993. 28-81 pp. Stuttgart, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng.
"Mortality and life expectancy over a time period of 300 years were
studied for a relatively large village population [in Germany]. From
synchronous and diachronous comparisons of the data concerning
different social classes of this village (subdivided according to their
sex and age, social rank, number of children/family and birth rank,
registration of orphans, half-orphans, illegitimate children as well as
progeny of old parents and children with a high inbreeding degree, and
interpretation of causes of death) significant differences in mortality
were deduced."
Correspondence: P. Stephan, Judendorf 11,
4320 Aschersleben, Austria. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
59:40107 Taha, El
T.; Gray, Ronald H. Malaria and perinatal mortality in
Central Sudan. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 138, No. 8,
Oct 15, 1993. 563-8 pp. Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
The
association between maternal malaria and perinatal mortality is
examined using data from hospital and community studies conducted in
Central Sudan in 1989 and 1990. "There was no overall association
between perinatal mortality and malaria. However, the risk of
stillbirth...was significantly increased among women who reported
malaria attacks in the first and second trimesters of
pregnancy...."
Correspondence: R. H. Gray, Johns Hopkins
University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Department of
Population Dynamics, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
59:40108 Bairagi,
Radheshyam; Koenig, Michael A.; Mazumder, Khorshed A.
Mortality-discriminating power of some nutritional,
sociodemographic, and diarrheal diseases indices. American Journal
of Epidemiology, Vol. 138, No. 5, Sep 1, 1993. 310-7 pp. Baltimore,
Maryland. In Eng.
"This study compared the predictive power of
selected nutritional (anthropometric), socioeconomic, and diarrheal
disease morbidity variables for subsequent childhood mortality over a
1-year period. The data consisted of observations of approximately
1,900 children aged 6-36 months obtained from a longitudinal
demographic surveillance system located in a rural area of Bangladesh
in 1988-1990. The results suggested that weight-for-age [percent] was
the best predictor of subsequent mortality over a 1-year period,
followed by weight velocity (monthly weight gain or loss in
grams)."
Correspondence: R. Bairagi, International Centre
for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 2,
Bangladesh. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
59:40109 Ballweg,
John A.; Pagtolun-an, Imelda G. Determinants of infant and
child mortality: a Philippine study. Genus, Vol. 48, No. 3-4,
Jul-Dec 1992. 129-50 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ita.
"Using bivariate and multivariate analyses, this study examines the
impact of behavioral, biological, health, and socio-economic factors
associated with infant and child mortality. Data for the study were
collected from the Northern Mindanao region of the Philippines.
Parental investment and health factors were shown to be the most
crucial determinants of infant and child mortality. As expected, the
greater the parental investment on a child, the greater the chance that
the child would survive to age five, regardless of the effects of
biological, health and socio-economic factors. Similarly, effects of
health factors were found to be independent of other
factors."
Correspondence: J. A. Ballweg, Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Sociology,
Blacksburg, VA 24061. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:40110 Becerra,
Jose E.; Atrash, Hani K.; Perez, Nilsa; Saliceti, Jose A.
Low birthweight and infant mortality in Puerto Rico. American
Journal of Public Health, Vol. 83, No. 11, Nov 1993. 1,572-6 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The 257,537 live births and 3,373 infant
deaths that occurred in Puerto Rico from 1986 through 1989 are examined
using multiple regression models. The results suggest that some 60% of
infant deaths are potentially avoidable if low birth weight is
eradicated. The importance of reducing delivery risks at public
hospitals is also noted.
Correspondence: J. E. Becerra,
Puerto Rico Department of Health, P.O. Box 70184, San Juan, PR 00936.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
59:40111
Chimere-Dan, O. New estimates of infant and child
mortality for blacks in South Africa, 1968-1979. South African
Medical Journal/Suid-Afrikaanse Mediese Tydskrif, Vol. 83, No. 3, 1993.
[1] pp. Pinelands, South Africa. In Eng.
This research note "is
part of a project to evaluate and improve the quality of mortality data
for blacks in South Africa. Infant and child mortality rates of
79/1,000 and 81/1,000 were estimated for 1968-1974 and 1973-1979
respectively. A child mortality rate of 43/1,000 was estimated for
1973-1977. Estimates of infant mortality rates for 1970-1974 and
1975-1979, and the child mortality rate for 1973-1977, are higher than
the results reported earlier by other analysts." Data are from a 1982
cross-sectional fertility survey.
Correspondence: O.
Chimere-Dan, University of Witwatersrand, Department of Sociology,
Population Research Programme, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, P.O. WITS,
Johannesburg 2050, South Africa. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:40112 Cooper,
Mary H. Infant mortality: why is the U.S. death rate high
compared with other nations? CQ Researcher, Vol. 2, No. 28, Jul
31, 1992. 643-63 pp. Congressional Quarterly: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Reasons are examined for the relatively poor U.S. record with
regard to infant mortality in comparison with other countries. The
author notes that most experts believe the inability of pregnant women
from poor families to get early and continuous prenatal care is a major
cause of the problem.
Correspondence: Congressional
Quarterly, 1414 22nd Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037.
Location: Princeton University Library (DR).
59:40113 Ericson,
Anders; Eriksson, Margareta; Kallen, Bengt; Zetterstrom, Rolf.
Secular trends in the effect of socio-economic factors on birth
weight and infant survival in Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of
Social Medicine, Vol. 21, No. 1, 1993. 10-6 pp. Oslo, Norway. In Eng.
"Time trends in the effect of socio-economic factors on low birth
weight, stillbirth, perinatal deaths and deaths up to the age of one
[in Sweden] were studied using a medical birth registry linked to
census information from 1975, 1980 and 1985....Two socio-economically
different groups of women were studied, defined by
occupation/education, cohabitation, and citizenship--one privileged and
one underprivileged group....In 1976, there was virtually no difference
in infant mortality between the two groups. In 1981 and 1986, infant
mortality had decreased in both groups but more strongly so in the
privileged group...."
Correspondence: A. Ericson, National
Board of Health, Department of Epidemiology, 10630 Stockholm, Sweden.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40114 Forbes,
Douglas. Ethnic variation in infant mortality, Bexar
County, Texas, 1964-1984. Pub. Order No. DA9309167. 1992. 185 pp.
University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
This study uses logistic regression models to analyze the
convergence of Anglo and Hispanic infant mortality rates over time. It
was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the University of Texas at
Austin.
Correspondence: University Microfilms
International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities
and Social Sciences 53(12).
59:40115
Frankenberg, Elizabeth A. Infant and early
childhood mortality in Indonesia: the impact of access to health
facilities and other community characteristics on mortality risks.
Pub. Order No. DA9308571. 1992. 284 pp. University Microfilms
International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
Data from the
Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey of 1987 are used to examine
the impact of access to health facilities on infant mortality. The
study was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the University of
Pennsylvania.
Correspondence: University Microfilms
International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities
and Social Sciences 53(11).
59:40116 Hasmi, Eddy
N. Rural-urban differences in infant mortality in
Indonesia. Center for the Study of Population Working Paper, No.
WPS 93-105, [1993?]. 41, [11] pp. Florida State University, College of
Social Sciences, Center for the Study of Population: Tallahassee,
Florida. In Eng.
"Using data from the Indonesian Demographic and
Health Survey 1987, this study focussed on the rural-urban differences
in infant mortality...."
Correspondence: Robert Weller,
Editor, Working Paper Series, Florida State University, Center for the
Study of Population, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4063. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40117 Hummer,
Robert A. Race and infant mortality in the United States:
a comprehensive examination of individual-level mediating factors.
Pub. Order No. DA9318517. 1993. 174 pp. University Microfilms
International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
Data from the 1988 U.S.
National Maternal and Infant Health Survey were used in this doctoral
dissertation prepared at Florida State
University.
Correspondence: University Microfilms
International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities
and Social Sciences 54(2).
59:40118 Hummer,
Robert A. Racial differentials in infant mortality in the
U.S.: an examination of social and health determinants. Center
for the Study of Population Working Paper, No. 93-101, [1993]. 35, [8]
pp. Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Center for
the Study of Population: Tallahassee, Florida. In Eng.
"This paper
examines the...association between race and infant mortality [in the
United States. It is found that]...the overall rate of infant
mortality among Blacks [is] about 2.2 times higher than
Whites."
Correspondence: Robert H. Weller, Editor, Working
Paper Series, Florida State University, Center for the Study of
Population, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4063. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:40119 Katapa,
Rosalia S.; Astone, Nan M. Mother's marital status,
antenatal care and child survival in Tanzania. Johns Hopkins
Population Center Papers on Population, No. 93-09, [1993]. 25, [8] pp.
Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health,
Population Center: Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"The association
between marital status on the one hand and antenatal care and child
survival on the other is the subject of this paper. Data are from [the]
Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey."
Correspondence:
Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health,
Population Center, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room 2300, Baltimore, MD
21205-2179. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40120
Kidanemariam, Andemariam. Infant mortality
differentials and development in the developing countries: a political
economy approach. Pub. Order No. DA9315534. 1993. 271 pp.
University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
The author analyzes differences in the decline in infant mortality
in Brazil, Bangladesh, South Korea, and Sri Lanka, focusing on the
impact of the development policies of these countries. The study was
undertaken as a doctoral dissertation at the University of
Kentucky.
Correspondence: University Microfilms
International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities
and Social Sciences 54(1).
59:40121 Kishor,
Sunita. Gender inequality and development: a
district-level analysis of juvenile sex ratios and gender differences
in early childhood mortality in India. Pub. Order No. DA9315667.
1992. 304 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan.
In Eng.
The author uses 1992 data from the Indian District
Development Database to analyze factors affecting differential child
mortality by sex. The study was undertaken as a doctoral dissertation
at the University of Maryland at College
Park.
Correspondence: University Microfilms International,
300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346. Source:
Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social
Sciences 54(1).
59:40122 Lardelli,
Pablo; Blanco, Jose I.; Delgado-Rodriguez, Miguel; Bueno, Aurora; de
Dios Luna, Juan; Galvez, Ramon. Influence of socioeconomic
and health care development on infant and perinatal mortality in Spain
1975-86. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 47,
No. 4, Aug 1993. 260-4 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This study
aimed to analyse the influence of social, economic, and health
development on infant and perinatal mortality in Spain between 1975 and
1986, and to identify possible changes in these relationships over
time....Mean infant and perinatal mortality were estimated for two
periods--1975-8 and 1983-6. Social, economic, and health care
indicators were collected as independent variables for these two
periods....Mean familial income was the main predictive factor for
infant and perinatal mortality in the first period but in the second
period health care indicators were more relevant. The reduction in
Spanish infant and perinatal mortality over the period can be
attributed mainly to the improvement in prenatal and neonatal health
care in Spain in recent years, while economic factors seem less
important."
Correspondence: P. Lardelli, University of
Granada, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine and
Public Health, Avenida de Madrid 11, 18012 Granada, Spain.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40123 Mbacke,
Cheikh S. M.; LeGrand, Thomas K. Sex differentials in
mortality and the use of health services in Mali. [Differences de
mortalite selon le sexe et utilisation des services de sante au Mali.]
Cahiers Quebecois de Demographie, Vol. 21, No. 1, Spring 1992. 99-119
pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Data from the
1987 Malian Demographic and Health Survey reveal excess mortality of
girls starting at about three months of age. Boys appear to be favored
in terms of medical treatment for diarrhea and fever and, in urban
areas, for multiple vaccinations for polio and the disease set of
diptheria, pertussis and tetanus. The nutritional status and age at
weaning of boys and girls is similar. The problems of using DHS data
for this type of analysis are discussed in
detail."
Correspondence: T. K. LeGrand, Universite de
Montreal, CP 6128, Succursale A, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40124 Rashad,
Hoda. A reappraisal of how oral rehydration therapy
affected mortality in Egypt. Policy Research Working Paper:
Population, Health, and Nutrition, No. WPS 1052, Nov 1992. 26 pp. World
Bank, Population and Human Resources Department: Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
The author suggests that "an upper ceiling for the potential
impact of oral rehydration therapy in Egypt is a 25 percent reduction
in the infant mortality rate."
Correspondence: World Bank,
Population and Human Resources Department, 1818 H Street NW,
Washington, D.C. 20433. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund
Library, Washington, D.C.
59:40125 Sharma,
Khim K. R. Medical geography of infant mortality in the
Deokhari Valley, western Nepal. Pub. Order No. DA9313843. 1992.
224 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In
Eng.
Data concerning 621 mothers who gave birth between 1984 and
1986 in 26 Nepalese villages are used in this study of infant
mortality, which was undertaken as a doctoral dissertation at the
University of Cincinnati.
Correspondence: University
Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI
48106-1346. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A:
Humanities and Social Sciences 54(1).
59:40126 Snow, R.
W.; Basto de Azevedo, I.; Forster, D.; Mwankuyse, S.; Bomu, G.;
Kassiga, G.; Nyamawi, C.; Teuscher, T.; Marsh, K. Maternal
recall of symptoms associated with childhood deaths in rural east
Africa. International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 22, No. 4, Aug
1993. 677-83 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
An analysis of the
accuracy of the verbal autopsy method of obtaining data on causes of
death is presented. "We have examined the accuracy with which specific
symptoms are recalled over time by mothers or normal guardians of 491
children who died on the paediatric wards of two district hospitals in
East Africa." The results indicate that data collected by this method
are generally accurate.
Correspondence: R. W. Snow,
University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Nuffield Department of
Clinical Medicine, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40127 Soemantri,
Soeharsono. Infant and maternal mortality rates in
Indonesia. [Angka kematian bayi dan angka kematian maternal di
Indonesia: variasi dan kecenderungannya.] Majalah Demografi
Indonesia/Indonesian Journal of Demography, Vol. 19, No. 38, Dec 1992.
81-96 pp. Jakarta, Indonesia. In Ind. with sum. in Eng.
"Infant
Mortality Rate (IMR) and Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) are usually used
as indicators of social development. This paper reviews the situation
of both indicators in Indonesia, based on various methods and data
resources. The result of the study shows the high inequality of
interregional mortality indicated by the trend of IMR and the
differentials in IMR and MMR."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:40128
Ssekamatte-Ssebuliba, John B. Determinants of
infant and child survival in Uganda. Pub. Order No. DA9308895.
1992. 334 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan.
In Eng.
Data from the 1988 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey are
used to analyze factors influencing the survival of infants and
children in this study, prepared as a doctoral dissertation at Brown
University.
Correspondence: University Microfilms
International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities
and Social Sciences 53(11).
59:40129 Vella,
Venanzio; Tomkins, Andrew; Borghesi, Armando; Migliori, Giovanni B.;
Ndiku, John; Adriko, Basil C. Anthropometry and childhood
mortality in northwest and southwest Uganda. American Journal of
Public Health, Vol. 83, No. 11, Nov 1993. 1,616-8 pp. Washington, D.C.
In Eng.
The relationship between anthropometry and childhood
mortality in Uganda is explored using data collected in 1987 and 1988
on some 5,000 children. The focus is on measuring malnutrition to
identify children at risk. "The findings of this study confirm that
mid-upper arm circumference is the indicator of choice to identify
children at higher risk of death."
Correspondence: V.
Vella, World Bank, AF6PH, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
59:40130 Wennemo,
Irene. Infant mortality, public policy and inequality--a
comparison of 18 industrialised countries, 1950-85. Sociology of
Health and Illness, Vol. 15, No. 4, Sep 1993. 429-46 pp. Oxford,
England. In Eng.
"Using new comparative data bases this paper
examines whether infant mortality rates in industrialised nations are
affected by public policies and income inequality....The study shows
that the level of economic development has a strong, but decreasing
impact on the infant mortality rate. Income inequality and relative
poverty rates appear to be of greater importance for the variation in
infant mortality rates than the level of economic development between
rich countries. Levels of unemployment and of social security benefits
seem to affect the infant mortality rate; the combination of high
unemployment and low unemployment benefits seems to be associated with
particularly high mortality rates. A high level of family benefits is
also associated with low infant mortality
rates."
Correspondence: I. Wennemo, Stockholms Universitet,
106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
59:40131 Zenger,
Elizabeth A. Infant mortality, birth order, and sibship
size: the role of heteregeneous risk and the previous-death
effect. Mathematical Population Studies, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1993.
103-16, 149 pp. New York, New York/Yverdon, Switzerland. In Eng. with
sum. in Fre.
"This paper derives an analytic model to study biases
in infant mortality estimates by birth order and sibship size, which
occur when the death of an infant tends to shorten the next birth
interval and mortality risk varies among families. We find that
order-specific and sibship-size-specific estimates are biased by a
selection for high-risk women across birth orders, since women with
higher risk will tend to have shorter intervals, and more births,
within a given period of time. Sibship-size-specific estimates are, in
addition, biased by a selection of women who have experienced deaths,
even if there is no heterogeneity in risk. Numerical examples based on
data from Matlab, Bangladesh, are used to illustrate the possible
magnitude of these biases. The results resemble patterns of infant
mortality by birth order and sibship size which are often observed
empirically."
Correspondence: E. A. Zenger, Princeton
University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue,
Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
59:40132
Carvalheiro, Clarisse D. G.; Manco, Amabile R. X.
Female mortality during the reproductive period in a city of
southeastern Brazil. Evolution over the last 20 years.
[Mortalidade feminina no periodo reprodutivo em localidade urbana da
regiao sudeste do Brasil. Evolucao nos ultimos 20 anos.] Revista de
Saude Publica, Vol. 26, No. 4, 1992. 239-45 pp. Sao Paulo, Brazil. In
Por. with sum. in Eng.
"The mortality of women aged between 15 and
49 years of the municipality of Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil, was
studied for the period from 1985 to 1989 and compared to that of the
period from 1970 to 1974. Mortality data were obtained from the civil
Registry Offices of the municipality and population data were estimated
on the basis of the last 2 censuses....It is concluded that the
indicators studied show a tendency towards...the occurrence of an
epidemiological transition linked to the contradictions inherent in the
present state of development in Brazil."
Correspondence: C.
D. G. Carvalheiro, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de
Ribeirao Preto, Departamento de Medicina Social, Avenida Bandeirantes
3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40133 Li,
Zhao-Cheng; Morikawa, Yuko; Nakagawa, Hideaki; Yoshita, Katsushi;
Tabata, Masaji; Nishijo, Muneko; Senma, Masami; Kawano, Shunichi; Kido,
Teruhiko; Chen, Yu-De. Comparison of mortality rates of
elderly people in China and Japan. Japanese Journal of Health and
Human Ecology, Vol. 58, No. 6, 1992. 336-43 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
with sum. in Eng.
"The mortality rates and causes of death among
elderly people aged sixty five and over were compared between China and
Japan. The data used for comparison was China's 1990 and Japan's 1990
vital statistics. It appears that the mortality rate in China was
higher than Japan. Comparing the causes of death, it was found that the
death rates involving cerebrovascular diseases, malignant neoplasms and
heart diseases in urban districts of China [were] higher than those in
Japan. Also the death rate of people with bronchitis in rural
districts was significantly higher in China....The differences in the
medical systems and life styles in China and Japan were suspected as
the reasons for the differences of death rates and causes of
death...."
Correspondence: Z.-C. Li, Ministry of Public
Health, Center for Health Statistics Information, Houhai Beiyan 44,
Beijing 100 725, China. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:40134 Moore,
David E. Socially structured survival: the effects of
occupational mobility and occupational context on older men's
mortality. Pub. Order No. DA9312724. 1992. 156 pp. University
Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
Data from
the U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experience of
Mature Men are used to examine the implications of socially structured
lifestyles for older men's survival. The study was undertaken as a
doctoral dissertation at the University of
Washington.
Correspondence: University Microfilms
International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities
and Social Sciences 54(1).
59:40135 Rosengren,
Annika; Orth-Gomer, Kristina; Wedel, Hans; Wilhelmsen, Lars.
Stressful life events, social support, and mortality in men born in
1933. British Medical Journal, Vol. 307, No. 6912, Oct 30, 1993.
1,102-5 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The relationship between
stressful life events and mortality in middle-aged men is examined.
Data are on 752 men aged 50 living in Gothenburg, Sweden, and followed
up over the period 1983-1991. The results indicate that "stressful
life events are associated with high mortality in middle aged men. Men
with adequate emotional support seem to be
protected."
Correspondence: A. Rosengren, Ostra Hospital,
Department of Medicine, 416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
59:40136 Nath, D.
C.; Choudhury, L. A comparative study of the life tables
of Assam, Kerala and India, 1980. Janasamkhya, Vol. 8, No. 2, Dec
1990. 143-56 pp. Kariavattom, India. In Eng.
The authors construct
"life tables for Assam...using the Sample Registration System data of
1980 [and applying] Greville's method of constructing abridged life
tables. These tables are compared with those of Kerala and India.
Brass' two parameter logit system [when] fitted to survivors shows that
risk of mortality of Kerala females, is much lower than that of India
and Assam."
Correspondence: D. C. Nath, Gauhati University,
Department of Statistics, Gauhati, 781 014 Assam, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40137 Beer,
Valeria; Bisig, Brigitte; Gutzwiller, Felix. Social class
gradients in years of potential life lost in Switzerland. Social
Science and Medicine, Vol. 37, No. 8, Oct 1993. 1,011-8 pp. Tarrytown,
New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
The authors analyze years of
potential life lost to premature mortality (before age 75) in
Switzerland, using official data from death certificates for the period
1979-1982. "Emphasis is given on causes contributing to most years of
life lost, especially to accidents and violent deaths, which result in
more than 30% of total years of life lost. The distribution of years
of life lost of the most important causes to social classes is
illustrated also for age-specific groups." The results emphasize the
disadvantaged position of skilled manual workers compared with
professionals.
Correspondence: V. Beer, University of
Zurich, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sumatrastrasse 30,
8006 Zurich, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
59:40138 Behm Rosas,
Hugo. Social inequalities in mortality in Latin
America. [Las desigualdades sociales ante la muerte en America
Latina.] CELADE Serie B, No. 96, Pub. Order No. LC/DEM/R/182. Dec 1992.
58 pp. UN Centro Latinoamericano de Demografia [CELADE]: Santiago,
Chile; Netherlands Universities Foundation for International
Co-Operation [NUFFIC]: The Hague, Netherlands. In Spa.
The author
reviews socioeconomic differentials in mortality for infants and adults
in Latin America. The first section deals with mortality determinants
by social group and with the progress of individuals from health to
illness. Sections 2 and 3 concern socioeconomic differences in
mortality for infants and adults
respectively.
Correspondence: UN Centro Latinoamericano de
Demografia, Edificio Naciones Unidas, Avenida Dag Hammarskjold, Casilla
91, Santiago, Chile. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:40139
Brajczewski, Czeslaw; Rogucka, Elzbieta. Social
class differences in rates of premature mortality among adults in the
city of Wroclaw, Poland. American Journal of Human Biology, Vol.
5, No. 4, 1993. 461-71 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Mortality
rates among adult men and women, inhabitants of the city of Wroclaw
[Poland], were studied within 5-year age classes between 20 and 64
years of age relative to two social variables: education and marital
status of the deceased. Age- and sex-specific mortality rates reveal a
systematic social gradient. They are highest among persons with
primary or 'basic vocational' school education, lower among those with
secondary school education, and lowest among those with college
education. This gradient consistently appears in each of the age
classes of males and females, although it is more pronounced among
males."
Correspondence: C. Brajczewski, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Institute of Anthropology, Kuznicza 35, 50-951 Wroclaw,
Poland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40140 Chor, Dora;
Duchiade, Milena P.; Jourdan, Angela M. F. Differences in
mortality between men and women in southeastern Brazil--1960, 1970 and
1980. [Diferencial de mortalidade em homens e mulheres em
localidade da regiao Sudeste, Brasil--1960, 1970 e 1980.] Revista de
Saude Publica, Vol. 26, No. 4, Aug 1992. 246-55 pp. Sao Paulo, Brazil.
In Por. with sum. in Eng.
"Male and female mortality rates in the
city of Rio de Janeiro [Brazil] in 1960, 1970 and 1980 are studied with
a view to analysing the different risks to which men and women are
subject by age group. Mortality differentials by sex and cause were
studied by means of male/female mortality ratios, relative and absolute
differences among rates, and standardized rates....Male mortality rates
were higher than the female rates in all age groups in the three years
studied, with an increase of the male/female mortality ratio for the
15-34 age group over this period. The excess of male death was mainly
due to the increase of deaths from violent causes among young
men...."
Correspondence: D. Chor, Escola Nacional de Saude
Publica, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhoes 1480, 8o andar,
21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:40141 Eames,
Margaret; Ben-Shlomo, Yoav; Marmot, M. G. Social
deprivation and premature mortality: regional comparison across
England. British Medical Journal, Vol. 307, No. 6912, Oct 30,
1993. 1,097-102 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The relationship
between social deprivation and geographical differentials in mortality
in England is analyzed using official data for the period 1981-1985.
The authors note that "increasing deprivation was significantly
associated with mortality from all causes, coronary heart disease, and
smoking related diseases."
Correspondence: M. Eames,
University of Hertfordshire, Department of Medical Statistics, Hatfield
AL10 9AB, England. Location: Princeton University Library
(SZ).
59:40142 Gomez
Redondo, Rosa. Causes of death in Spain, 1981-1985: a
differential analysis by sex and age. [Las causas de muerte en
Espana, 1981-1985: analisis diferencial por sexo y edad.] Serie
Documentos de Trabajo, No. 4, Sep 1990. 94 pp. Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Cientificas [CSIC], Instituto de Demografia: Madrid,
Spain. In Spa.
This is an analysis of mortality differentials in
Spain by age and sex for the period 1981-1985, using official data on
causes of death.
Correspondence: Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Cientificas, Instituto de Demografia, Calle Amaniel 2,
28015 Madrid, Spain. Location: Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques, Paris, France.
59:40143 Hisanaga,
Fujiro. Abnormal trends in mortality for birth cohorts
born around 1930. Japanese Journal of Health and Human Ecology,
Vol. 58, No. 4, 1992. 193-208 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn. with sum. in
Eng.
Variations in mortality in Japan for cohorts born during the
period 1927-1932 are analyzed and compared. "Abnormal trends in
mortalities...were clearly observed among males, starting at [the] age
of 35...for all causes and many of the main chronic degenerative
diseases....Susceptibilities for those diseases might have been induced
by poor nutritional conditions [that] prevailed...due to the social and
economic chaos just after the World War
II."
Correspondence: F. Hisanaga, Fukoaka University,
School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, 8-19-1 Nanakuma,
Jonan-ku, Fukoaka 814-01, Japan. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:40144 Hohn,
Charlotte; Pollard, John H. Personal habits, behavior, and
mortality differentials by marital status in West Germany.
[Personliche Gewohnheiten und Verhaltensweisen und
Sterblichkeitsunterschiede nach dem Familienstand in der Bundesrepublik
Deutschland.] Zeitschrift fur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 18, No. 4,
1992. 415-33 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"A survey of unmarried persons was undertaken by the Federal
Institute for Population Research in 1988 [in West Germany]..., which
included a number of questions on personal behaviour and health
practices. The problem was to relate the answers to these questions to
the observed mortality differentials between persons of different
marital status....We attempted to explain at least some of the
differentials which are observed amongst unmarried Germans in terms of
personal behaviour and health practices....The consistency which
emerges, however, suggests that a major survey, including married
persons, might provide a much clearer picture of the effects the
different personal habits of unmarried persons and married persons have
on their respective mortalities."
Correspondence: C. Hohn,
Bundesinstitut fur Bevolkerungsforschung, 65180 Wiesbaden, Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40145 Korenman,
Sanders; Goldman, Noreen. Health and mortality
differentials by marital status at older ages: economics and
gender. OPR Working Paper, No. 93-8, Jul 1993. 28, [8] pp.
Princeton University, Office of Population Research [OPR]: Princeton,
New Jersey. In Eng.
"This paper employs data from the [U.S.]
Longitudinal Study of Aging to link mortality, health and economic
differentials by marital status."
Correspondence: Princeton
University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue,
Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
59:40146 Langford,
Christopher; Storey, Pamela. Sex differentials in
mortality early in the twentieth century: Sri Lanka and India
compared. Population and Development Review, Vol. 19, No. 2, Jun
1993. 263-82, 425-7 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre;
Spa.
"This article focuses on sex differentials in mortality in Sri
Lanka early in the twentieth century and on comparisons and contrasts
with India at that time....Since Sri Lanka shares cultural similarities
with south India, including a relatively benign attitude toward women,
it should on this basis also resemble south India with respect to sex
differentials in mortality. However, evidence for the early twentieth
century points to much higher excess female mortality in Sri Lanka than
in south India, indeed more like the situation in north India. As their
main explanation the authors suggest that hookworm disease and malaria
were far more severe in Sri Lanka than in south India and that these
diseases affected women more than men."
Correspondence: C.
Langford, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton
Street, London WC2A 2AE, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:40147 Laourou,
Martin. Regional differences in mortality in Benin.
[Les disparites regionales de la mortalite au Benin.] Les Dossiers du
CEPED, No. 24, ISBN 2-87762-060-3. Aug 1993. 36 pp. Centre Francais sur
la Population et le Developpement [CEPED]: Paris, France. In Fre. with
sum. in Eng.
Regional differences in mortality in Benin and their
causes are analyzed. The impact of the level of social development and
of visits to health centers is noted. A clear distinction between the
north and south of the country is established, with lower mortality
found in the latter.
Correspondence: Centre Francais sur la
Population et le Developpement, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, 75270
Paris Cedex 06, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:40148 Lawson,
James S.; Black, Deborah. Socioeconomic status: the prime
indicator of premature death in Australia. Journal of Biosocial
Science, Vol. 25, No. 4, Oct 1993. 539-52 pp. Cambridge, England. In
Eng.
"The link between socioeconomic status and health has long
been recognised. This study of deaths among Australian men aged 15-59
years demonstrates that during the 20-year period, 1966-86 the number
of premature deaths was dramatically reduced among all socioeconomic
groups, primarily as a result of falls in death rates due to heart
disease, stroke and trauma. However, the marked differences in death
rates according to social class remain, to the extent that if men of
all social classes had the same mortality experiences as professional
and technical workers the overall death rates for Australian men would
be reduced by 60%. Socioeconomic status is the most important
indicator of health status among
Australians."
Correspondence: J. S. Lawson, University of
New South Wales, School of Health Services Management, Sydney, NSW,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40149 Nicholls,
Eric S. Differential mortality from noncommunicable
diseases by socioeconomic status: the case of Latin America.
[Diferenciales de mortalidad en las enfermedades no transmisibles segun
el nivel socioeconomico: el caso de America Latina.] Boletin de la
Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana, Vol. 115, No. 3, Sep 1993. 255-69 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Spa.
The author examines differentials in
mortality from noncommunicable diseases among adults of differing
socioeconomic status in Latin America. Comparisons with mortality
levels in the United States and Europe are made using data from
published sources.
Correspondence: E. S. Nicholls, Pan
American Health Organization, Division of Health Promotion and
Protection, 525 23rd Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40150 Pitkanen,
Kari J.; Mielke, James H. Age and sex differentials in
mortality during two nineteenth century population crises.
European Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 9,
No. 1, 1993. 1-32 pp. Hingham, Massachusetts/Dordrecht, Netherlands. In
Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"The exceptionally detailed Finnish
materials are used to examine age- and sex-specific mortality in
different regions during the country's last famine, the Great Famine of
the 1860s. This is compared with another mortality crisis, the 1808-09
War. The results show that in cases when multiple infectious diseases
were responsible for elevated mortality, the increases for different
age categories were, by and large, proportional to the levels
prevailing during normal times. However, excess mortality showed more
variability for children. Furthermore, age- and sex-specific social
behaviour (specifically large-scale temporary migration) during the
crisis period shaped the age patterns and sex differentials in
mortality."
Correspondence: K. J. Pitkanen, University of
Helsinki, Department of Economic and Social History, P.O. Box 33, 00014
Helsinki, Finland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:40151 Rosenberg,
Harry M.; Burnett, Carol; Maurer, Jeff; Spirtas, Robert.
Mortality by occupation, industry, and cause of death: 12
reporting states, 1984. NCHS Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Vol.
42, No. 4, Suppl., Pub. Order No. DHHS (PHS) 93-1120. Sep 30, 1993. 64
pp. U.S. National Center for Health Statistics [NCHS]: Hyattsville,
Maryland. In Eng.
"This report presents statistics on mortality [in
the United States] by occupation and industry from information reported
on death certificates." The data concern all 269,767 deaths occurring
among those who were 20 years of age or older in the 12 reporting
states in 1984.
Correspondence: U.S. National Center for
Health Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40152 Silber,
Jacques. Inequality in mortality: measuring the
contributions of various causes of death. Genus, Vol. 48, No. 3-4,
Jul-Dec 1992. 93-107 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ita.
"Following earlier work on the decomposition of income inequality
by population subgroup, a method is proposed to break down the
inequality of the ages at death into three components: the
contribution of the inequality of the ages at death for given causes of
death; the role of the 'between causes' [of] inequality in the average
ages at death; [and] an interaction term which measures the degree of
overlapping between the distributions of ages at death for the various
causes. An illustration based on Italian data for the period 1881-1964
is given...."
Correspondence: J. Silber, Bar-Ilan
University, Department of Economics, 52 100 Ramat-Gan, Israel.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40153 Takahashi,
Shigesato. Health and mortality differentials among the
elderly in Japan: a regional analysis with special emphasis on
Okinawa. Institute of Population Problems Working Paper Series,
No. 17, Jul 1993. 26 pp. Institute of Population Problems: Tokyo,
Japan. In Eng.
"The purpose of the present report is to describe
briefly the levels and trends of mortality and life expectancy among
the Japanese people and to explore demographic and social factors
affecting them."
Correspondence: Institute of Population
Problems, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-45, Japan. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:40154 Wadley,
Susan S. Family composition strategies in rural north
India. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 37, No. 11, Dec 1993.
1,367-76 pp. Tarrytown, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
Recent
increases in female child mortality among the poor in Karimpur, in
Uttar Pradesh, India, are examined using data collected through surveys
undertaken in 1983-1984. The author suggests that "this trend can only
be understood in the larger context of family composition strategies,
strategies which have changed due to the socio-economic changes wrought
by the green revolution and other development programs of the past 25
years. Moreover, mortality cannot be understood without also
considering fertility behavior and the overall shape of the resulting
families. My hypothesis is that the Karimpur poor are using high
fertility and sex-specific child mortality to maximize the number of
surviving males in attempting to insure family
welfare."
Correspondence: S. S. Wadley, Syracuse
University, Department of Anthropology, 308 Bowne Hall, Syracuse, NY
13244-1200. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
59:40155 Bern, C.;
Sniezek, J.; Mathbor, G. M.; Siddiqi, M. S.; Ronsmans, C.; Chowdhury,
A. M. R.; Choudhury, A. E.; Islam, K.; Bennish, M.; Noji, E.; Glass, R.
I. Risk factors for mortality in the Bangladesh cyclone of
1991. Bulletin of the World Health Organization/Bulletin de
l'Organisation Mondiale de la Sante, Vol. 71, No. 1, 1993. 73-8 pp.
Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Cyclones continue
to pose a dangerous threat to the coastal populations of Bangladesh,
despite improvements in disaster control procedures. After 138,000
persons died in the April 1991 cyclone, we carried out a rapid
epidemiological assessment to determine factors associated with
cyclone-related mortality and to identify prevention
strategies....Future cyclone-associated mortality in Bangladesh could
be prevented by more effective warnings leading to an earlier response,
better access to designated cyclone shelters, and improved preparedness
in high-risk communities. In particular, deaths among women and
under-10-year-olds could be reduced by ensuring that they are given
special attention by families, neighbours, local authorities, and
especially those in charge of early warnings and emergency
evacuation."
Correspondence: C. Bern, U.S. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Infectious
Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Mailstop G-04,
Atlanta, GA 30333. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:40156 Bhatia,
Jagdish C. Levels and causes of maternal mortality in
southern India. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 24, No. 5,
Sep-Oct 1993. 310-8 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"A study
conducted in 1986 in South India demonstrates a new approach to
investigating maternal mortality that combines the collection of
information from hospital and health-facility records, field surveys,
and case-control studies. The findings from this study indicate that
there were 7.98 maternal deaths per 1,000 live births. Approximately
one-half of the deaths occurred in the home or on the way to the
hospital. Maternal deaths accounted for 36 percent of mortality for
women of reproductive age. Analysis reveals that many of these deaths
were preventable and that significant differentials existed with regard
to demographic, social, and behavioral factors between the cases of
maternal deaths and the controls."
Correspondence: J. C.
Bhatia, Indian Institute of Management, Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore
560 076, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40157 Bulatao,
Rodolfo A. Mortality by cause, 1970 to 2015. In: The
epidemiological transition: policy planning and implications for
developing countries, edited by James N. Gribble and Samuel H. Preston.
1993. 42-68 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author estimates and projects cause of death patterns for six
age groups in six regions by sex for the years 1970, 1985, 2000, and
2015. The six regions or country groupings are industrial market
economies, industrial nonmarket economies, Latin America and the
Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, and
Asia and the Pacific. The author predicts a general decline in
mortality from communicable diseases.
Correspondence: R. A.
Bulatao, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40158 Chang,
Hwa-Gan H.; Morse, Dale L.; Noonan, Candace; Coles, Bruce; Miki,
Jaromir; Rosen, Alan; Putnam, David; Smith, Perry F.
Survival and mortality patterns of an acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS) cohort in New York State. American Journal of
Epidemiology, Vol. 138, No. 5, Sep 1, 1993. 341-9 pp. Baltimore,
Maryland. In Eng.
"The survival experience and causes of death of
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients were studied using a
cohort of 3,699 AIDS patients in New York State, excluding New York
City, whose illness was diagnosed before January 1990 at age 13 years
or older. The median length of survival for all cases was 11.5 months,
and survival increased over time from 5.3 months pre-1984 to 9.3 months
in 1984-1986 and to 13.2 months in 1987-1989....Risk of dying was
higher for persons aged 35 years or more at diagnosis....In this AIDS
cohort, 2,834 (77 percent) persons died before 1991; 87 percent of the
death certificates listed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS or an
AIDS indicator disease as one of the multiple causes of death. The
finding that 13 percent of the death certificates did not mention
AIDS/HIV suggests that use of death certificates alone to count
HIV-related deaths would result in an
undercount."
Correspondence: H.-G. H. Chang, New York State
Department of Health, Corning Tower Building, Room 632, Empire State
Plaza, Albany, NY 12237. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
59:40159 Chu, Susan
Y.; Buehler, James W.; Lieb, Loren; Beckett, Geoff; Conti, Lisa; Costa,
Sam; Dahan, Beverley; Danila, Richard; Fordyce, E. James; Hirozawa,
Ann; Shields, Anne; Singleton, James A.; Wold, Cheryl.
Causes of death among persons reported with AIDS. American
Journal of Public Health, Vol. 83, No. 10, Oct 1993. 1,429-32 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This study describes causes of death in
persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and assesses the
completeness of reporting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
infection or AIDS on death certificates of persons with AIDS [in the
United States]." The data concern 32,513 persons who died of AIDS
through December 1989. The critical role of physicians and other
health-care professionals in accurately documenting HIV-related
mortality on death certificates is
stressed.
Correspondence: S. Y. Chu, U.S. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Infectious
Diseases, Division of HIV/AIDS, MSE-47, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
59:40160 Cossa,
Luciana. Tuberculosis, malaria, diphtheria and pellagra.
The mortality trend from 1887 to 1955. [Tubercolosi, malaria,
difterite e pellagra. Andamento della mortalita dal 1887 al 1955.]
Rapporti ISTISAN, No. 92/35, 1992. 30 pp. Istituto Superiore di Sanita
[ISTISAN]: Rome, Italy. In Ita. with sum. in Eng.
Mortality trends
from four major diseases in Italy are traced from 1887 to
1955.
Correspondence: Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale
Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161, Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:40161 D'Avanzo,
Barbara; La Vecchia, Carlo; Negri, Eva; Beghi, Ettore.
Update of trends in mortality from stroke in Italy from 1955 to
1987. Neuroepidemiology, Vol. 11, 1992. 196-203 pp. Basel,
Switzerland. In Eng.
"Mortality from stroke in Italy over the
period 1955-1987 was analysed in terms of age-specific,
age-standardised death certification rates, and by means of a
log-linear model to separate the effects of age, cohort of birth and
calendar period of death. In males the overall age-adjusted rate on
the world standard population fell from 118.4/100,000 population in
1955-1959 to 72.0 in 1985-1987 and in females from 94.8 in 1955-1959 to
54.7 in 1985-1987. The overall decline in age-standardised rates over
the 3 decades was thus 39% for males...and 42% for females....These
favourable trends are discussed in relation to better control of
hypertension and the potential impact of other risk
factors."
Correspondence: E. Beghi, Istituto Ricerche
Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40162 Duncan, S.
R.; Scott, Susan; Duncan, C. J. An hypothesis for the
periodicity of smallpox epidemics as revealed by time series
analysis. Journal of Theoretical Biology, Vol. 160, 1993. 231-48
pp. London, England. In Eng.
"Parish registers have been studied by
time series analysis to detect smallpox epidemics in England during
1600-1800. Confirmatory evidence was provided by the seasonality of
child mortality. A 5-year cycle in smallpox epidemics was detected in
medium-sized, rural towns....We suggest that the short wavelength
oscillations (5-6 years) in mortality in many rural parishes are
driven, in part, by regular oscillations in wheat prices which
exacerbate famine, poor nutrition and hardship, and thereby promote the
explosion of smallpox epidemics."
Correspondence: C. J.
Duncan, University of Liverpool, Department of Environmental and
Evolutionary Biology, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40163 Harmon,
Mary P.; Coe, Kathryn. Cancer mortality in U.S. counties
with hazardous waste sites. Population and Environment, Vol. 14,
No. 5, May 1993. 463-80 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This study
examines the possible connection between residential proximity to a
hazardous waste site [in the United States] and rates of mortality due
to cancer. Results indicate that counties with hazardous waste sites
are more likely to have higher total cancer rates and higher rates of
respiratory and digestive cancers. Moreover, the analysis suggests
that the Superfund Program has not identified the most hazardous sites,
as was intended by Congressional
Legislation."
Correspondence: M. P. Harmon, Arizona State
University, College of Nursing, Tempe, AZ 85287-2602.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40164 Kellermann,
Arthur L.; Rivara, Frederick P.; Rushforth, Norman B.; Banton, Joyce
G.; Reay, Donald T.; Francisco, Jerry T.; Locci, Ana B.; Prodzinski,
Janice; Hackman, Bela B.; Somes, Grant. Gun ownership as a
risk factor for homicide in the home. New England Journal of
Medicine, Vol. 329, No. 15, Oct 7, 1993. 1,084-91 pp. Boston,
Massachusetts. In Eng.
The effects on mortality of keeping a gun in
the home are analyzed using data on some 400 home homicides in three
U.S. counties between 1987 and 1992. The results indicate that "the
use of illicit drugs and a history of physical fights in the home are
important risk factors for homicide in the home. Rather than confer
protection, guns kept in the home are associated with an increase in
the risk of homicide by a family member or intimate
acquaintance."
Correspondence: A. L. Kellerman, Emory
University, School of Public Health, Emory Center for Injury
Prevention, 1599 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
59:40165 Knight,
John; Song, Lina. The length of life and the standard of
living: economic influences on premature death in China. Applied
Economics Discussion Paper, No. 115, Jul 1991. 26 pp. University of
Oxford, Institute of Economics and Statistics: Oxford, England. In Eng.
Data from a 1976 national survey of causes of death in China are
used to analyze the relationship between premature death and
socioeconomic variables.
Correspondence: Oxford University,
Institute of Economics and Statistics, St. Cross Building, Manor Road,
Oxford OX1 3UL, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
59:40166 Lawson,
Andrew B. On the analysis of mortality events associated
with a prespecified fixed point. Journal of the Royal Statistical
Society, Series A: Statistics in Society, Vol. 156, No. 3, 1993.
363-77 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"A model-based approach to the
analysis of disease incidence around a fixed point is presented by
considering the radial and directional effects to be expected from
emissions from a putative source. In addition we present some score
statistics which can be used to test for spatial effects." The methods
discussed are applied to the analysis of bronchitis mortality around a
reprocessing plant in Bonnybridge,
Scotland.
Correspondence: A. B. Lawson, Dundee Institute of
Technology, Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Bell
Street, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
59:40167 Manton,
Kenneth G.; Lowrimore, Gene; Yashin, Anatoli. Methods for
combining ancillary data in stochastic compartment models of cancer
mortality: generalization of heterogeneity models. Mathematical
Population Studies, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1993. 133-47, 149 pp. New York, New
York/Yverdon, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"We present a
mortality model where nationally representative survey data on risk
factor distributions are combined with data on cohort mortality rates
to increase information, i.e., a fixed marginal risk factor
distribution is combined with a cohort model representing unobserved
individual risk heterogeneity. The model is applied to lung cancer
mortality in nine U.S. white male cohorts aged 30 to 70 in 1950 and
followed 38 years. Estimates of the cohort specific proportions of
smokers were made from the National Health Interview Survey.
Comparisons are made for models with different patterns of changes with
age of individual heterogeneity."
Correspondence: K. G.
Manton, Duke University, Center for Demographic Studies, 2117 Campus
Drive, Durham, NC 27706. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
59:40168 McGinnis,
J. Michael; Foege, William H. Actual causes of death in
the United States. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical
Association, Vol. 270, No. 18, Nov 10, 1993. 2,207-12 pp. Chicago,
Illinois. In Eng.
Trends in the major causes of death in the United
States are analyzed based on a review of literature published between
1977 and 1993. The results indicated that "the most prominent
contributors to mortality in the United States in 1990 were tobacco (an
estimated 400,000 deaths), diet and activity patterns (300,000),
alcohol (100,000), microbial agents (90,000), toxic agents (60,000),
firearms (35,000), sexual behavior (30,000), motor vehicles (25,000),
and illicit use of drugs (20,000). Socioeconomic status and access to
medical care are also important contributors, but difficult to quantify
independent of the other factors cited."
Correspondence: J.
M. McGinnis, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Disease
Prevention and Health Promotion, 330 C Street SW, Room 2132,
Washington, D.C. 20201. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
59:40169 Nathanson,
Constance A. Smoking, mortality, and the position of women
in developed countries. Johns Hopkins Population Center Papers on
Population, No. 92-08, [1992]. 45 pp. Johns Hopkins University, School
of Hygiene and Public Health: Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
The
author examines the extent to which improved women's status in
developed countries will lead to the adoption of behaviors such as
smoking, which are associated with higher mortality. The effect on
mortality differentials by sex is also
studied.
Correspondence: Johns Hopkins University, School
of Hygiene and Public Health, Population Center, 615 North Wolfe
Street, Room 2300, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:40170 Pollard, J.
H. Heterogeneity, dependence among causes of death and
Gompertz. Mathematical Population Studies, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1993.
117-32, 149 pp. New York, New York/Yverdon, Switzerland. In Eng. with
sum. in Fre.
"The robustness of results under the Gompertz 'law'
suggest that this model might provide a useful building block in the
development of a model of heterogeneity and the analysis of dependence
among causes of death, at least for those causes afflicting the older
members of the population and now predominant in developed
populations....We therefore develop some theoretical results concerning
the expectation of life at age x under the Gompertz model and test
their accuracy in real (non-Gompertz) populations. We then apply these
ideas...to the problem of heterogeneity and...to the problem of
dependence among causes of death."
Correspondence: J. H.
Pollard, Macquarie University, School of Economic and Financial
Studies, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:40171 Rehm,
Jurgen; Fichter, Manfred M.; Elton, Martin. Effects on
mortality of alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, and close
personal relationships. Addiction, Vol. 88, No. 1, 1993. 101-12,
151-2, 156 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The study analyses the risks of mortality associated with alcohol
consumption and smoking, as well as possible counteracting effects of
physical activity and social support through close personal
relationships." Data concern 1,430 individuals from Germany's Upper
Bavarian Study surveyed between 1975 and 1977 and followed up 13 years
later. "Results indicate that alcohol intake and cigarette smoking
increased mortality while physical activity and the availability of a
steady partner had protective effects. There were no interactive
effects between the four variables studied, except for a dramatically
increased risk for women drinking more than 20 ml of pure alcohol a day
and reporting no physical exercise....Specific analyses of the
relationship between alcohol consumption, smoking, physical exercise
and personal relationships...and...different causes of death, are
presented."
Correspondence: J. Rehm, Swiss Institute for
the Prevention of Alcohol and Drug Problems, Case Postale 870, 1001
Lausanne, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:40172 Sexton,
Peter T.; Woodward, David R.; Gilbert, Neil; Jamrozik, Konrad.
Interstate differences in trends in coronary mortality and risk
factors in Australia. Medical Journal of Australia, Vol. 152, No.
10, May 21, 1990. 531-4 pp. Kingsgrove, Australia. In Eng.
Mortality from coronary heart disease and its risk factors are
examined and compared for the states of Australia. Special
consideration is given to trends in Tasmania, where such mortality
exhibits a slower rate of decline.
Correspondence: P. T.
Sexton, University of Tasmania Clinical School, 43 Collins Street,
Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:40173 Sichieri,
Rosely; de Lolio, Cecilia A.; Correia, Valmir R.; Everhart, James
E. Geographical patterns of proportionate mortality for
the most common causes of death in Brazil. Revista de Saude
Publica, Vol. 26, No. 6, Dec 1992. 424-30 pp. Sao Paulo, Brazil. In
Eng. with sum. in Por.
"The geographical variation in proportionate
mortality for chronic diseases for 17 Brazilian state capitals for the
year 1985 and their association with socio-economic variables and
infectious disease was studied. Calculations were made of correlation
coefficients of proportionate mortality for adults of 30 years or above
due to ischaemic heart disease, stroke and cancer of the lung, the
breast and stomach with 3 socio-economic variables, race, and mortality
due to infectious disease....There were major differences in the
proportionate mortality due to chronic diseases among the capitals
which could not be accounted for by the social and environmental
factors and by the mortality due to infectious
disease."
Correspondence: R. Sichieri, Av. Colombo 3690,
87020-900 Maringa, PR, Brazil. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
59:40174 United
States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (Atlanta,
Georgia). Cigarette smoking-attributable mortality and
years of potential life lost--United States, 1990. Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 42, No. 33, Aug 27, 1993. 645-9 pp.
Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
Trends in mortality from cigarette
smoking in the United States are analyzed. It is concluded that
"cigarette smoking is the single most preventable cause of premature
death in the United States. An estimated 390,000 smoking-attributable
deaths in the United States occurred in 1985, and more than 434,000
deaths occurred in 1988; in 1988, an estimated 1,198,887 years of
potential life lost (YPLL) before age 65 were attributed to
smoking."
Correspondence: U.S. Government Printing Office,
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
