59:30529 Anderson,
Michael; Morse, Donald J. High fertility, high emigration,
low nuptiality: adjustment processes in Scotland's demographic
experience, 1861-1914, Part II. Population Studies, Vol. 47, No.
2, Jul 1993. 319-43 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The authors
interpret the reasons for observed differences in demographic
characteristics and processes between Scotland and England during the
late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. "Four Scottish regional
case studies are examined, each of which shows a different combination
of nuptiality, marital fertility and out-migration. In studying each
case, stress is laid on the ways in which the prevailing demographic
regime, if it is examined as an interrelated whole, can be seen as
involving highly appropriate adjustments to the ecological, economic,
and institutional contexts of the region....The much lower nuptiality
in Scotland compared to England is explained in part by reference to
constraints on access to housing and the very limited availability of
any support from the Poor Law, and in part through limited economic
opportunities in a more slowly growing economy."
For Part I, also
published in 1993, see 59:20608.
Correspondence: M.
Anderson, University of Edinburgh, Department of Economic and Social
History, William Robertson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JY,
Scotland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30530 Benedictow,
Ole J. Plague in the late medieval Nordic countries:
epidemiological studies. ISBN 82-91114-00-5. 1992. 329 pp.
Middelalderforlaget: Oslo, Norway. In Eng.
The author analyzes the
spread and demographic impact of plague in Scandinavia in the Middle
Ages. The central issue studied is whether an epidemic disease spread
by rats and fleas could have spread effectively in sparsely populated
rural areas. The author concludes that "plague has special properties
as an epidemic disease which enabled it to spread with extreme
efficiency in the rural areas of medieval and early modern Europe.
There are special patterns of social behaviour which [explain]
effective local spread and patterns of trade and settlement which
[explain] effective dissemination at a distance. Recurrence explains
both the extent of population decline and the persistence of the
diminution."
Correspondence: Middelalderforlaget, P.O. Box
80 Blindern, 0314 Oslo, Norway. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
59:30531 Biraben,
Jean-Noel. A new synthesis of the population history of
Japan. [Le point sur l'histoire de la population du Japon.]
Population, Vol. 48, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1993. 443-72 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"During the last 15 years historical
demographers have completely revised and extended our knowledge of the
population history of Japan. New synthesis is attempted in the present
paper, as far as total numbers of inhabitants and fluctuations in
population movement are concerned." The period considered is 300 B.C.
to the present, including some projections to the year
2000.
Correspondence: J.-N. Biraben, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30532 Ipsen,
Carl. The statistics of population in Liberal Italy.
Bollettino di Demografia Storica, No. 16, 1992. 7-33 pp. Pisa, Italy.
In Eng.
"In this paper I shall deal with the...official collection
of demographic data in Liberal Italy, [with a focus on the]...political
and theoretical aspects of the Italian statistics of the period." The
study covers the nineteenth and early twentieth
centuries.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30533
Picard-Tortorici, Nathalie; Francois, Michel. The
slave trade in Gabon from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century:
an attempt at quantification for the eighteenth century. [La
traite des esclaves au Gabon du XVIIe au XIXe siecle: essai de
quantification pour le XVIIIe siecle.] Les Etudes du CEPED, No. 6, ISBN
2-87762-055-7. Jun 1993. 156 pp. Centre Francais sur la Population et
le Developpement [CEPED]: Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
This study is primarily concerned with the slave trade in Western
Africa. Following a general introduction to the slave trade as a
whole, the authors look at the case of Gabon. They then attempt to
quantify the extent of this trade in Gabon during the eighteenth
century. In a final chapter, they estimate the demographic impact of
the trade, and conclude that "by its cumulative effects, slave trade in
Gabon has...deeply and lastingly modified the demographic equilibrium,
producing an echoing series of under-represented cohorts. It also has
significantly disorganized family structure and destabilized
traditional behaviour."
Correspondence: Centre Francais sur
la Population et le Developpement, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, 75270
Paris Cedex 06, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30534 Schurer,
Kevin; Arkell, Tom. Surveying the people: the
interpretation and use of document sources for the study of population
in the later seventeenth century. A Local Population Studies
Supplement, ISBN 0-904920-24-0. 1992. xv, 308 pp. Leopard's Head Press:
Oxford, England. In Eng.
The authors examine "four key sources for
the study of population [of England] in the later seventeenth century:
the assessments and/or returns for the Hearth tax, Compton census, Poll
taxes and Marriage Duty Act. It provides details of the legislative
background and administrative framework for these important sources and
discusses some of the main problems involved in their use and
interpretation. Subsequent chapters illustrate how the surviving
documents can be applied to illuminate various research issues. These
include the social structure of the City of London, the household
composition of King's Lynn, the distribution of nonconformity in Devon,
some regional variations in household structure and critiques of the
work of Gregory King."
Correspondence: Leopard's Head
Press, 2a Polstead Road, Oxford OX2 6TN, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30535 Bonneuil,
Noel. Time series in historical demography.
[Temporalites en demographie historique.] Histoire et Mesure, Vol. 6,
No. 1-2, 1991. 137-48, 212 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The author examines the use of time series data in historical
research, particularly in historical demography. He explains how
mathematical techniques can be used to study the dynamics of historical
populations. He also uses demographic data from England and France to
show how the relationships among demographic, economic, and climatic
events have influenced the course of political events. Specific
attention is given to factors affecting fertility in
seventeenth-century France.
Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
59:30536 Oeppen,
Jim. Back projection and inverse projection: members of a
wider class of constrained projection models. Population Studies,
Vol. 47, No. 2, Jul 1993. 245-67 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"Constrained by estimated population totals and observed totals of
births and deaths, estimates of age-structures from inverse projection
have been widely used in historical demography. Back Projection
attempted, by using hypothetical constraints on net-migration, to
estimate the population totals as well, and has been used to derive
'censuses' for England from 1541 to 1871. A wider formulation, called
Generalised Inverse Projection, is proposed in this paper, which
replaces back-projection and establishes its relation to Inverse
Projection more clearly. Under the same assumptions as back
projection, but using the new method, the estimates for England are
virtually unchanged. This new method is capable of performing
population projections, subject to a wide variety of hypothetical and
empirical constraints, for contemporary as well as historical
data."
Correspondence: J. Oeppen, Cambridge Group for the
History of Population and Social Structure, 27 Trumpington Street,
Cambridge CB2 1QA, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
59:30537 Perkyns,
Audrey. Age checkability and accuracy in the censuses of
six Kentish parishes 1851-81. Local Population Studies, No. 50,
Spring 1993. 19-38 pp. Matlock, England. In Eng.
"The present study
investigates the total census populations of six adjacent...parishes
[in Kent, England:] Hartlip, Newington, Rainham, Stockbury, Upchurch
and Lower Halstow, over the five censuses 1841-81, in relation to the
data from the parish registers of the six....For this study two
different methods of calculation were used. The first was...a straight
check on the given age of all who could be identified as appearing in
two consecutive censuses....[The] other method was designed to ascribe
a probable age to each person whose age was checkable." The two
techniques are compared and the extent and nature of inaccuracies in
age reporting is assessed.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
