59:30173 Abeysinghe,
Tilak. Time cost, relative income and fertility in
Canada. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1993.
189-98 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"A
regression model which combines both the time cost and relative income
hypotheses is estimated using Canadian data. The results indicate that
the influence of relative income is greater on completed fertility and
the effect of time cost is greater on timing of births. Some policy
implications are derived."
Correspondence: T. Abeysinghe,
National University of Singapore, Department of Economics and
Statistics, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 0511. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30174 Ahmed,
Tauseef. Pattern of demand for children in Pakistan.
Pakistan Population Review, Vol. 3, No. 1, Spring 1992. 41-66 pp.
Islamabad, Pakistan. In Eng.
"High fertility in Pakistan is
normally associated with high demand for children....This analysis
tests this hypothesis using data from Pakistan Contraceptive Prevalence
Survey 1984-85. The demand for children was conceived in a much
broader sense by including the wantedness of last birth and the timing
of last birth. This analysis showed presence of unwanted pregnancies
mostly associated with timing of birth and higher parity. This high
degree of unwantdness of pregnancies bears serious implications for
Pakistan's family planning programme, especially its service delivery
component."
Correspondence: T. Ahmed, National Institute of
Population Studies, House No. 8, St. 70, F-8/3, P.O. Box 2197,
Islamabad, Pakistan. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30175 Ahn,
Namkee; Shariff, Abusaleh. A comparative study of
fertility determinants in Togo and Uganda: a hazard model
analysis. Economic Growth Center Discussion Paper, No. 665, Aug
1992. 27 pp. Yale University, Economic Growth Center: New Haven,
Connecticut. In Eng.
Data from the Demographic and Health Surveys
are used to develop a comparative study of fertility in Togo and
Uganda.
Correspondence: Yale University, Economic Growth
Center, Box 1987, Yale Station, 27 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT
06520. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library,
Washington, D.C.
59:30176
Bocquet-Appel, J.-P.; Jakobi, L. A test of a path
model of biocultural transmission of fertility. Annals of Human
Biology, Vol. 20, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1993. 335-47 pp. London, England. In
Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
"A model adapted to a general linear
model of phenotypic transmission (two components: (1) genetic
additive, (2) cultural [age at marriage]) has been used to analyse the
familial correlations of fertility (number of children) born before the
demographic transition at Arthez d'Asson [France] (Bearn,
1744-1889)....The use of a simple model...leads us to reject family
transmission, before the demographic transition, of the number of
children along with the age at marriage. A (small) resemblance unique
to sibships is seen for these two variables. At Arthez d'Asson before
the transition, the fertility and nuptiality of a couple were not
influenced by their parents, but by their
generation."
Correspondence: J.-P. Bocquet-Appel, Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 49, Laboratoire
d'Anthropologie, Musee de l'Homme, 17 Place du Trocadero, 75116 Paris,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30177 Bouchard,
Gerard. Family reproduction in areas of new settlement: a
comparative overview of Quebec and France. [La reproduction
familiale en terroirs neufs: comparaison sur des donnees quebecoises
et francaises.] Annales: Economies, Societes, Civilisations, Vol. 48,
No. 2, Mar-Apr 1993. 421-51, 486-7 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum.
in Eng.
"This paper provides a comparative overview of the peasant
family reproduction systems in Quebec and in France from the 18th
century. Using a 19-variable grid, the author summarizes his past
research on the Saguenay region in building a model given as typical of
settlement communities. He then proceeds with demonstrating that the
basic components of the model showed up in most of the Quebec regions
at the time of their formation, in the St. Lawrence valley as well as
in the so-called peripheral regions. By contrast, the French
countryside looks strikingly diversified and this heterogeneity might
well be the major difference between France and Quebec. Such a
conclusion, however, must be deferred as long as the effects of land
saturation upon family transmission have not been closely examined in
Quebec."
Correspondence: G. Bouchard, Universite du Quebec,
Centre Interuniversitaire SOREP, Chicoutimi, Quebec G7H 2B1, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30178 Bouchard,
Gerard; Lalou, Richard. High fertility among couples in
Quebec since the seventeenth century, an interpretation. [La
surfecondite des couples quebecois depuis le XVIIe siecle, essai de
mesure d'interpretation.] Recherches Sociographiques, Vol. 34, No. 1,
1993. 9-44, 199 pp. Quebec, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"On
the basis of various comparisons with English-Canadian, American and
European data, the authors attempt to verify the hypothesis of
exceptionally high birth rates among French-speaking couples in Quebec
between the seventeenth century and the mid-twentieth century....The
following observations are made: a) Before the last third of the
seventeenth century, [fertility] in Quebec was quite high indeed, but
could not be considered as exceptional; b) Exceptional [fertility] was
seen during the last third of the nineteenth century, when there was a
time-lag in the adoption of contraception in comparison with the
English-speaking populations of North America; c) Several European
populations showed levels equal to or greater than those of the Quebec
model. The hypothesis of nationalism as a basis of this phenomenon
thus does not appear to be well
substantiated."
Correspondence: G. Bouchard, Universite du
Quebec, Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherches sur les Populations,
555 Boulevard de l'Universite, Chicoutimi, Quebec G7H 2B1, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30179 Brass,
W. Analysis of birth histories to measure fertility
trends. In: Fertility in China. Proceedings of the International
Seminar on China's In-Depth Fertility Survey, Beijing, February 13-17,
1990. 1991. 131-7 pp. International Statistical Institute [ISI]:
Voorburg, Netherlands. In Eng.
The author briefly reviews issues in
the use of birth history survey data to determine past trends in
fertility when such data are accurate and
sufficient.
Correspondence: W. Brass, London School of
Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Center for Population Studies, 99 Gower
Street, London WC1E 6AZ, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:30180 Brass,
William; Jolly, Carole L. Population dynamics of
Kenya. Population Dynamics of Sub-Saharan Africa, Pub. Order No.
B167. ISBN 0-309-04943-1. LC 93-84968. 1993. xiv, 183 pp. National
Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This report is one in a
series of studies that have been carried out under the auspices of the
Panel on Population Dynamics of Sub-Saharan Africa of the National
Research Council's Committee on Population....This report, one of...two
in-depth country studies, analyzes the population dynamics of Kenya,
with particular emphasis on recent fertility change....[It] examines
trends in fertility and mortality and their relationship to
socioeconomic changes. As part of this examination, the proximate
determinants of fertility are analyzed, and multivariate analysis is
used to assess the factors associated with contraceptive use. The
report does not examine, in any detail, recent migration patterns
because of very limited access to data from the 1989
census."
Correspondence: National Academy Press, 2101
Constitution Avenue NW, Box 285, Washington, D.C. 20055.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30181 Bryson,
Kenneth R. Toward an economic analysis of Chinese
fertility. In: Fertility in China. Proceedings of the
International Seminar on China's In-Depth Fertility Survey, Beijing,
February 13-17, 1990. 1991. 53-63 pp. International Statistical
Institute [ISI]: Voorburg, Netherlands. In Eng.
The author applies
Gary S. Becker's economic theory of fertility to data from the Chinese
In-Depth Fertility Survey of 1985 and 1987. The focus is on
implications for the development of policies to further reduce
fertility.
Correspondence: K. R. Bryson, International
Statistical Institute, Prinses Beatrixlaan 428, P.O. Box 950, 2270 AZ
Voorburg, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30182 Choe, Minja
Kim; Wu, Jianming. Analysis of trend of first birth and
its affecting factors. In: Fertility in China. Proceedings of the
International Seminar on China's In-Depth Fertility Survey, Beijing,
February 13-17, 1990. 1991. 139-54 pp. International Statistical
Institute [ISI]: Voorburg, Netherlands. In Eng.
Using data from the
1987 phase of China's In-Depth Fertility Survey, the authors "estimate
the proportion of women giving first birth after their marriage by
means of life table methods and observe the situation and trend of
first births in Beijing, Liaoning, Shandong, Guangdong, Guizhou and
Ganshu...since the 70's when family planning policies began to be
practised and since the 80's when overall family planning policies had
been carried out. On the basis of the life table, we will demonstrate
the effect of the change in age at marriage on the distribution of the
interval between first marriage and first birth by analyzing
quartiles."
Correspondence: M. K. Choe, East-West Center,
East-West Population Institute, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI
96848. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30183 Choe, Minja
Kim; Wu, Jianming; Zhang, Ruyue; Guo, Fei. Timing of first
birth in six provinces of China: findings from the In-Depth Fertility
Survey, Phase II. In: Fertility in China. Proceedings of the
International Seminar on China's In-Depth Fertility Survey, Beijing,
February 13-17, 1990. 1991. 187-204 pp. International Statistical
Institute [ISI]: Voorburg, Netherlands. In Eng.
"In this paper, we
examine two components of age at first birth, the age at first marriage
and the interval between the first marriage and the age at first birth
(the first birth interval)....We use the data from the In-Depth
Fertility Survey of China, Phase II (IDFS-II) collected in six
provinces of China in 1987."
Correspondence: M. K. Choe,
East-West Center, East-West Population Institute, 1777 East-West Road,
Honolulu, HI 96848. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30184 Cleland,
John. Equity, security and fertility: a reaction to
Thomas. Population Studies, Vol. 47, No. 2, Jul 1993. 345-59 pp.
London, England. In Eng.
"This paper assesses recent arguments
[presented in an article by Neil Thomas] that sustained fertility
decline cannot occur in circumstances of inequality, insecurity, and
injustice. Naturally, these conditions are to be abhorred. However,
the empirical record suggests that none of them acts as an absolute
barrier to mass adoption of birth control and subsequent fertility
decline. Recent trends in Bangladesh illustrate this point most
vividly. One of the greatest fallacies of many fertility theories has
been the assumption that there is an economic or social imperative in
underdeveloped countries for couples to have many children. To the
contrary, the historic norm for all societies has been an average of
only about two surviving children per woman, implying an adaptation to
low, not high, net fertility." A reply by Thomas is also included (pp.
353-9).
For the article by Thomas, published in 1991, see 57:40258.
Correspondence: J. Cleland, London School of Hygiene and
Tropical Medicine, 99 Gower Street, London WC1E 7HT, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30185 Cleland,
John; Shen, Yimin. Later and fewer but no longer:
fertility change in Hebei, Shaanxi and Shanghai, 1965 to 1985. In:
Fertility in China. Proceedings of the International Seminar on
China's In-Depth Fertility Survey, Beijing, February 13-17, 1990. 1991.
273-91 pp. International Statistical Institute [ISI]: Voorburg,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"In this paper, changes in fertility are
examined for three provinces of China for the twenty year period, 1965
to 1985....The purpose of this paper is to analyze changes in the
quantum (or amount) and tempo (or speed) of fertility. Results are
presented not only at the province level but for rural-urban and
educational sub-groups. The data for the study come from the first
phase [conducted in 1985] of [the] In-Depth Fertility
Surveys."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30186 Condon,
Richard G. Birth seasonality, photoperiod, and social
change in the central Canadian Arctic. Human Ecology, Vol. 19, No.
3, Sep 1991. 287-321 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The seasonal
distribution of births in a Canadian Inuit community located 300 miles
north of the Arctic Circle is analyzed over a period of several
decades. A significant shift from pronounced seasonality of births in
the 1970s to nonseasonality in the 1980s is noted. Reasons for this
change are discussed, including modernization and the decline of
traditional life-styles.
Correspondence: R. G. Condon,
University of Arkansas, Department of Anthropology, Fayetteville, AR
72701. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
59:30187 Dalla
Zuanna, Gianpiero. Socioeconomic differences in fertility
in the districts of the Veneto from the nineteenth to the twentieth
centuries: a description and an attempt to interpret the data.
[Differenze socio-economiche e fecondita nei distretti del Veneto fra
XIX e XX secolo: descrizione e tentativi di interpretazione.]
Materiali di Studi e di Ricerche, No. 4, Mar 1993. 36 pp. Universita
degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Scienze Demografiche:
Rome, Italy. In Ita. with sum. in Eng.
The relationship between
socioeconomic factors and fertility behavior in the Veneto region of
Italy is analyzed from 1866 to 1987 at the district level. The author
concludes that the fertility transition can best be seen as a process
of collaboration, rather than competition, between
generations.
Correspondence: Universita degli Studi di Roma
La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Scienze Demografiche, Via Nomentana 41,
00161 Rome, Italy. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30188 Feeney,
Griffith; Wang, Feng. Parity progression and birth
intervals in China: the influence of policy in hastening fertility
decline. Population and Development Review, Vol. 19, No. 1, Mar
1993. 61-101, 219, 222 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Spa.
"This article analyzes parity progression and birth
interval statistics in relation to the Chinese government's birth
planning policies. The data are from China's 1988 two-per-thousand
survey. We present and analyze annual time series of statistics on age
at marriage and proportions marrying and on marital fertility at the
national level and for women living in cities, towns, and counties. We
also analyze similar information for the provinces of Jilin, Shaanxi,
Jiangsu, and Guangdong."
Correspondence: G. Feeney,
East-West Center, Program on Population, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu,
HI 96848. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30189 Frias, Luiz
A. de M.; Oliveira, Juarez de C. Fertility levels, trends,
and differentials in Brazil since the 1930s. [Neveis, tendencias e
diferenciais de fecundidade no Brasil a partir da decada de 30.]
Revista Brasileira de Estudos de Populacao, Vol. 8, No. 1-2, Jan-Dec
1991. 72-111 pp. Sao Paulo, Brazil. In Por. with sum. in Eng.
Historical fertility estimates for Brazil and its regions are
presented for the period 1930-1980 using methodology developed by the
authors. "The task of improving the parameters that represent the level
and the age pattern of fertility has been basically carried out in two
stages: first, an evaluation and the consequent adjustment of
information about children that were born and those still living, as
declared by the mothers, in the five Demographic Censuses, through
which problems in the 1960 Census were detected; second, the
recuperation of data on the live-born children, where the authors
present a sufficiently additive model to estimate this retrospective
information. Some comments are also made, based [on] the results of
the National Household Survey (PNAD) of 1984, that highlight a possible
underestimation of the general fertility
level."
Correspondence: L. A. de M. Frias, Fundacao
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica, Departamento de
Populacao, Avenida Franklin Roosevelt 166, 20021 Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30190
Friedlander, Dov; Feldmann, Carole. The modern
shift to below-replacement fertility: has Israel's population joined
the process? Population Studies, Vol. 47, No. 2, Jul 1993. 295-306
pp. London, England. In Eng.
The authors examine current fertility
trends in Israel and compare them with the below-replacement levels
found in other developed countries. They find that "the Jewish
population of Israel is a modern society....Yet, total fertility in
Israel during the 1980s was at least one child higher than in most
European countries. It is shown that social heterogeneity makes this
an over-simplified comparison. Indeed, it is the high fertility of the
orthodox population among the two major ethnic groups, combined with
the decline towards below-replacement fertility of the non-orthodox,
which produces the high mean fertility of the entire
population."
Correspondence: D. Friedlander, Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Department of Demography, Jerusalem 91905,
Israel. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30191 Gao,
Er-shen; Gu, Xing-yuan; Chen, Run-tian; Chen, Chang-zhong; Wang,
Shu-Lin; Hu, Ying. Analysis of proximate determinants of
fertility in Shanghai City, Hebei Province and Shaanxi Province.
In: Fertility in China. Proceedings of the International Seminar on
China's In-Depth Fertility Survey, Beijing, February 13-17, 1990. 1991.
233-48 pp. International Statistical Institute [ISI]: Voorburg,
Netherlands. In Eng.
Data from Phase I of China's In-Depth
Fertility Survey are used to estimate proximate determinants of
fertility in Hebei and Shaanxi provinces and the city of Shanghai. The
authors analyze data from 1984 and estimate Bongaarts's four indexes of
fertility: marriage, contraception, induced abortion, and postpartum
infecundability. Recommendations for improving the Bongaarts model are
also made.
Correspondence: E.-s. Gao, Shanghai Medical
University, 138 Yixueyuan Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30192 Goodkind,
Daniel. Motivating ethnic fertility values: a regional
study of the Dragon Year baby boom among the Chinese in Peninsular
Malaysia, 1976 and 1988. Working Papers in Demography, No. 37,
1992. 29 pp. Australian National University, Research School of Social
Sciences: Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
The author uses vital
statistics data to examine regional differences in fertility among the
Chinese population of Peninsular Malaysia in the Dragon Years of 1976
and 1988, which are considered to be auspicious years in which to give
birth.
Correspondence: Australian National University,
Research School of Social Sciences, P.O. Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30193 Gutmann,
Myron P.; Fliess, Kenneth H. The determinants of early
fertility decline in Texas. Demography, Vol. 30, No. 3, Aug 1993.
443-57 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This study examines the
determinants of fertility control in a frontier population [in Texas]
made up largely of German-Americans during the years from 1850 to 1910.
The analysis employs a complex register of population constructed from
census enumerations, civil and ecclesiastical vital registration, and
tax assessment rolls. The article begins with a series of bivariate
analyses with cohort of mother's birth, religion, ethnicity, and
husband's occupation determining marital fertility. The second half of
the paper presents a multivariate model of the determinants of
fertility using these and other demographic characteristics as
independent variables. The conclusions emphasize the importance of the
overall trend toward fertility decline in the United States, as well as
the role of religion and of occupational differences, in determining
changes in fertility behavior in the population of Gillespie County,
Texas."
Correspondence: M. P. Gutmann, University of Texas,
Population Research Center, Austin, TX 78712-1163. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30194 Harbison,
Sarah F.; Robinson, Warren C. Components of the recent
fertility decline in Kenya. Population Research Institute Working
Paper, No. 1993-06, Feb 1993. 13 pp. Pennsylvania State University,
Population Research Institute: University Park, Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"This brief paper examines the components of the fertility decline
[in Kenya], and discusses the interaction of supply and demand factors
which have led to that decline."
Correspondence:
Pennsylvania State University, Population Research Institute, 22
Burrowes Building, University Park, PA 16802. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30195 Hirosima,
Kiyosi; Yamamoto, Chizuko. Fertility in Japan: 1991.
Jinko Mondai Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems, Vol. 48, No. 4, Jan
1993. 24-30 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
The authors present data for
Japan on fertility by nationality, 1955-1991; Japanese nationality and
nationality of parents, 1987-1991; births and the birth rate,
1920-1991; total fertility, first marriage, and ever-married rates,
1970-1991; and birth rates by age and sex,
1980-1991.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30196 Inaba,
Hisashi. An age-structured two-sex model for human
population reproduction by first marriage. Institute of Population
Problems Working Paper Series, No. 15, Feb 1993. 22 pp. Institute of
Population Problems: Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
The author "formulates a
two-sex age-structured population model which describes the human
population reproduction process by first marriage....Next [he
discusses] the well-posedness of the model. Finally, [he examines]
conditions under which the homogeneous model has persistent solutions."
The relevance of this model to the current situation in Japan is
noted.
Correspondence: Institute of Population Problems,
Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
100-45, Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30197 Islam, M.
Nurul; Islam, M. Mazharul. Biological and behavioural
determinants of fertility in Bangladesh: 1975-1989. Asia-Pacific
Population Journal, Vol. 8, No. 1, Mar 1993. 3-18 pp. Bangkok,
Thailand. In Eng.
Recent levels and trends in fertility in
Bangladesh are analyzed using data from the 1975 World Fertility Survey
for Bangladesh and the 1989 Bangladesh Fertility Survey. "An attempt
[is] made to estimate the fertility-inhibiting effect of the three most
important proximate determinants: marriage, contraception and
lactational infecundability. The analysis shows that, although the
fertility level of Bangladesh is declining, it is still very high
(around 5 births per woman)....Our analysis suggests that the
fertility-reducing effect of contraception is steadily increasing,
whereas the effect of lactational infecundability remains nearly
constant."
Correspondence: M. N. Islam, University of
Dhaka, Department of Statistics, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30198 Jensen,
An-Magritt. Economic change, marriage relations and
fertility in a rural area of Kenya. In: Gender and change in
developing countries, edited by Kristi A. Stolen and Mariken Vaa. ISBN
82-00-21387-0. 1991. 67-89 pp. Norwegian University Press: Oslo,
Norway. In Eng.
This is an analysis of fertility in Bungoma
District, a rural area of Kenya located near the Ugandan border, a
region of high fertility and low contraceptive practice. Data were
collected through interviews of 65 women in 1988. The focus of the
analysis is on the linkages between social change and adjustments at
the family level, especially on changes in marital patterns and in
infant mortality. The author concludes that there have been changes in
the perceived value of children, particularly among nuclear families,
but that although family planning concepts were known they were not
applied, primarily because infant and child mortality levels had not
yet been reduced sufficiently for parents to be sure of having living
children to support them in old age.
Correspondence:
Norwegian University Press, 0608 Oslo 6, Norway. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
59:30199 Kaloyanov,
Todor. A structural and factor analysis of fertility.
[Strukturno-faktoren analiz na plodovitostta na zhenite.] Naselenie,
Vol. 9, No. 3-4, 1991. 3-10 pp. Sofia, Bulgaria. In Bul. with sum. in
Eng.
"The article examines the influence of the age at the time of
the study on the fertility of women aged between 15 and 49 in their
first marriage. The analysis is based on the variation between
conditional one-dimensional distributions....On the basis of data from
the censuses in Bulgaria of...1965, 1975 and 1985, the author specifies
some tendencies in the change of the fertility level, as well as the
nature of the relation between the age at the moment of study and
fertility. The article also makes an attempt to study the relation
between the duration of the marriage and the fertility of women aged
between 15 and 49 [who are] in their first
marriage."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30200 Katjiuanjo,
Puumue; Titus, Stephen; Zauana, Maazuu; Boerma, J. Ties.
Namibia Demographic and Health Survey, 1992. May 1993. xx, 221
pp. Ministry of Health and Social Services: Windhoek, Namibia; Macro
International, Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]: Columbia,
Maryland. In Eng.
This is the main report from the 1992 Namibia
Demographic and Health Survey, which involved a nationally
representative sample of 5,421 women aged 15-49 and 3,562 children
under 5 years of age. The report includes chapters on characteristics
of households and respondents, fertility, fertility regulation,
proximate determinants of fertility, fertility preferences, infant and
child mortality, maternal mortality, maternal and child health,
maternal and child nutrition, and availability of health
services.
Correspondence: Ministry of Health and Social
Services, Epidemiology Unit, Harvey Street, Pr. Bag 13198, Windhoek,
Namibia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30201 Kobayashi,
Kazumasa; Matsukura, Rikiya; Ogawa, Naohiro. Demographic
transition in postwar Japan: a time-series analysis. NUPRI
Research Paper Series, No. 62, Mar 1993. vi, 26 pp. Nihon University,
Population Research Institute: Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
"This paper
examines the pattern of both fertility and mortality change in postwar
Japan and attempts to analyze macrolevel time-series data to identify
the factors inducing such demographic
transformations."
Correspondence: Nihon University,
Population Research Institute, 3-2 Misaki-cho, 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 101, Japan. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30202 Li,
Zhongyi. Comparative analysis of China's fertility level
and factors affecting it. In: Fertility in China. Proceedings of
the International Seminar on China's In-Depth Fertility Survey,
Beijing, February 13-17, 1990. 1991. 249-61 pp. International
Statistical Institute [ISI]: Voorburg, Netherlands. In Eng.
"In
this article we analyze the growth trend of China's...fertility level.
The analysis is based on China's Phase-I In-Depth Fertility Survey data
and the relevant data of the one per thousand fertility survey
conducted in 1981. Also,...we analyze both the indirect and direct
factors affecting fertility."
Correspondence: Z. Li,
Shaanxi Provincial Statistics Research Institute, Shaanxi, China.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30203 Luc,
Nguyen; Thang, Nguyen Minh; Swenson, Ingrid; San, Pham Bich.
Selected determinants of fertility in Vietnam: age at marriage,
marriage to first birth interval and age at first birth. Journal
of Biosocial Science, Vol. 25, No. 3, Jul 1993. 303-10 pp. Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
"Data from the 4,172 women aged 15-49 interviewed
in the 1988 Vietnamese Demographic and Health Survey were used to
examine age at marriage, marriage to first birth intervals and age at
first birth. Differences between urban and rural areas, northern and
southern provinces and by education of the women were analysed....Women
from rural areas and from the north had significantly shorter marriage
to first birth intervals than urban women and those from the south, but
there were no significant effects related to
education."
Correspondence: N. Luc, National Committee for
Population and Family Planning, Hanoi, Viet Nam. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30204 Mishra,
Vinod. Contrasting patterns of nuptiality and fertility in
SAARC region. In: Population transition in south Asia, edited by
Ashish Bose and M. K. Premi. 1992. 97-108 pp. B. R. Publishing: Delhi,
India. In Eng.
This study examines and compares nuptiality patterns
and fertility differentials in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives,
Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, with a focus on Bangladesh and Sri
Lanka. "These two countries stand at two extremes of the region
regarding both nuptiality and fertility....This study derives its data
mainly from World Fertility Survey Reports and other related
publications."
Correspondence: V. Mishra, National
Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Mehrauli Road, Munirka, New
Delhi 110 067, India. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30205 Moss,
Nancy; Stone, Michael C.; Smith, Jason B. Fertility among
Central American refugees and immigrants in Belize. Human
Organization, Vol. 52, No. 2, Summer 1993. 186-93 pp. Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma. In Eng.
"This study describes how international
migration, including refugee status, affects both child spacing and
awareness of and interest in family planning. Guatemalan, Salvadoran,
and Belizean women with children under six years of age...were
interviewed in a survey conducted in 1989 in three settlements in
Belize, Central America that have a high proportion of refugees and
economic immigrants....[The results suggest that] there was no effect
of migration on fertility, but when mother's age, parity, and available
acreage were controlled for, refugees wanted twice as many additional
children as permanent residents or those without legal
residency...."
Correspondence: N. Moss, U.S. National
Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Center for Population
Research, Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Bethesda, MD
20892. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
59:30206 Murphy,
Michael. The contraceptive pill and women's employment as
factors in fertility change in Britain 1963-1980: a challenge to the
conventional view. Population Studies, Vol. 47, No. 2, Jul 1993.
221-43 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"A proximate determinants
approach is taken to the analysis of fertility in Britain during the
period around 1960 to 1980. It is concluded that the main determinant
of fertility change in the mid-1960s to mid-1970s was the diffusion of
the oral contraceptive pill. Evidence is presented that pill use was
determined largely by contraceptive considerations, rather than by
other remote socio-economic factors. In particular, changes in pill use
due to 'pill scares' are shown to be clearly and directly related to
subsequent substantial short-term fertility changes in 1971 and around
1978....It is concluded that demographic considerations, such as
contraceptive use, are necessary for a proper understanding of post-war
fertility trends, and that approaches which ignore them may be
potentially misleading."
Correspondence: M. Murphy, London
School of Economics, Department of Population Studies, Houghton Street,
Aldwych, London WC2A 2AE, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:30207 Ngallaba,
Sylvester; Kapiga, Saidi H.; Ruyobya, Ireneus; Boerma, J.
Ties. Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey,
1991/1992. Jun 1993. xviii, 306 pp. Bureau of Statistics, Planning
Commission: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Macro International, Demographic
and Health Surveys [DHS]: Columbia, Maryland. In Eng.
This report
presents the main results from the 1991-1992 Tanzania Demographic and
Health Survey, involving 8,327 households from which 9,238 women aged
15-49 and 2,114 men were interviewed. The report includes chapters on
fertility, fertility regulation, the proximate determinants of
fertility, fertility preferences, infant and child mortality, maternal
and child health, infant feeding and childhood nutrition, results from
the male survey, AIDS knowledge and sexual practices, and the local
availability of family planning and health
services.
Correspondence: Bureau of Statistics, P.O. Box
796, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
59:30208 Osheba,
Ibrahim K. T. Fertility behaviour in rural upper Egypt
versus rural lower Egypt. CDC Working Paper, No. 17, May 1990. 41,
[4] pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng. with sum. in
Ara.
"This study aims at examining the determinants of fertility
within rural Upper and rural Lower Egypt as well as determinants of the
difference in fertility between rural Upper and rural Lower
Egypt."
Correspondence: Cairo Demographic Centre, 2 Lebanon
Street, P.O. Box 73, Mohandiseen 12655, Cairo, Egypt.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30209 Osheba,
Ibrahim K. T. Reproductive behaviour in rural upper Egypt
(1980-84): is there a change? CDC Working Paper, No. 19, Aug
1990. 37 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng. with sum.
in Ara.
Data for this study concern the period 1980-1984 and are
primarily from the 1980 Egyptian Fertility Survey and the 1984 Egypt
Contraceptive Prevalence Survey.
Correspondence: Cairo
Demographic Centre, 2 Lebanon Street, P.O. Box 73, Mohandiseen 12655,
Cairo, Egypt. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30210 Pakistan.
Population Census Organisation (Islamabad, Pakistan).
Monograph on fertility and mortality. [1990]. x, 116 pp.
Islamabad, Pakistan. In Eng.
This study is an analysis of fertility
and mortality in Pakistan, based on data from a variety of official
sources and surveys. It was undertaken in preparation for the 1991
census. "The monograph comprises eight chapters. [The] first two
chapters give a brief introduction [to the] demographic, social and
economic profile of the country. Fertility [trends, levels and patterns
are] discussed in the third chapter. The fourth chapter [sheds] some
light on the impact of migration on fertility while the effects of
economic activity, and literacy and education on fertility are analysed
in the fifth and the sixth chapters respectively. Infant and child
mortality [are] discussed in [the] seventh chapter. The last chapter
contains a summary of findings and concluding remarks with some
suggestions and recommendations."
Correspondence:
Population Census Organisation, Government of Pakistan, 69-E Adeel
Plaza Blue Area, P.O. Box 1026, Islamabad, Pakistan. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30211 Pandit,
Kavita; Bagchi-Sen, Sharmistha. The spatial dynamics of
U.S. fertility, 1970-1990. Growth and Change, Vol. 24, No. 2,
Spring 1993. 229-46 pp. Lexington, Kentucky. In Eng.
"The fertility
downturn in the U.S. since the baby boom has been accompanied by a
growing divergence in regional fertility rates. This paper examines
the spatial implications of recent fertility trends. Two interrelated
questions are posed. First, how and why have the time trends in
fertility varied spatially? Second, how have the regional patterns of
fertility changed over time? These questions are investigated using a
continuous spatio-temporal model of U.S. fertility built using the Dual
Expansion Method. Results indicate that the pace of fertility decline
has been the most rapid in the Northeast and the slowest in the West.
Further, the traditional North-South distinctions in fertility rates
are being replaced by East-West patterns. These changes tentatively
suggest that regional ethnic composition is becoming an increasingly
important factor in accounting for the spatial variation of U.S.
fertility."
Correspondence: K. Pandit, University of
Georgia, Department of Geography, Athens, GA 30602. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
59:30212 Pavlik,
Zdenek. Reproductive behavior after the demographic
transition. [Reproduktivnoto povedenie sled demografskata
revolyutsiya.] Naselenie, Vol. 9, No. 1, 1991. 18-24 pp. Sofia,
Bulgaria. In Bul. with sum. in Eng.
"The article analyses
[Bulgaria's] demographic revolution as a relatively independent
process, yet at the same time as part and parcel of the global
revolution....The author considers the conditions influencing
[reproductive] behaviour prior to the demographic revolution...,
pointing out...the importance of social factors....It is emphasised
that the completion of the demographic revolution in the
demographically advanced countries practically solves the problem of
the population's size and growth...and paves the road for [improvements
in health, education, qualifications, and cultural and living
standards]."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30213 Qiao,
Xiaochun; Chen, Wei. Impact of changes in marriage pattern
on fertility in China. In: Fertility in China. Proceedings of the
International Seminar on China's In-Depth Fertility Survey, Beijing,
February 13-17, 1990. 1991. 155-66 pp. International Statistical
Institute [ISI]: Voorburg, Netherlands. In Eng.
Using data from the
1987 round of China's In-Depth Fertility Survey, the authors "make a
systematic analysis of women's marriage and fertility, and the impact
of marriage on fertility in particular. Also, the relations between
marriage and fertility, changes in fertility caused by marriage as well
as differences among provinces are described. The study involves five
provinces and one municipality, namely, Beijing, Liaoning, Shandong,
Guangdong, Guizhou, and Gansu."
Correspondence: X. Qiao,
People's University of China, Institute of Population Research, 39
Haidian Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30214 Rallu,
Jean-Louis; Toulemon, Laurent. Period fertility indices.
Part 2--application to France, 1946-1989. [Les mesures de la
fecondite transversale. II--application a la France de 1946 a 1989.]
Population, Vol. 48, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1993. 369-442 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
The authors apply various types of
indexes to the measurement of fertility in France. Variables
considered include maternal age, parity, birth intervals, and maternal
age distribution. Commentaries by various authors are included (pp.
405-42).
For Part 1 of this article, also published in 1993, see
59:20259.
Correspondence: J.-L. Rallu, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30215 Ram, Bali;
Rahim, Abdur. Enduring effects of women's early employment
experiences on child-spacing: the Canadian evidence. Population
Studies, Vol. 47, No. 2, Jul 1993. 307-17 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This study examines the effects of early work experiences on
child-spacing among Canadian women, with data from the 1984 Family
History Survey conducted by Statistics Canada. The analyses, based on
life-table and proportional hazards models, show that longer and less
interrupted early work experiences are associated with longer birth
intervals, and that these effects tend to persist throughout the
childbearing years. The study further shows that these effects are
greater on the third birth interval than on the second, and that they
are more pronounced among highly educated than among less educated
women."
Correspondence: B. Ram, Statistics Canada,
Demography Division, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30216
Rychtarikova, Jitka. New reproductive behavior:
the cases of France and the Czech Republic. [Le nouveau
comportement procreateur, le cas de la France et de la Republique
Tcheque.] Acta Demographica, No. 10, Nov 1992. 79-105 pp. Prague,
Czechoslovakia. In Fre.
A comparison of fertility trends in France
(1960-1985) and the Czech Republic (1960-1983) is presented. The
author concludes that differences between the two countries are
primarily due to changes that have occurred in family structures in
France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30217 Sander,
William. The effect of women's schooling on
fertility. Economics Letters, Vol. 40, No. 2, Oct 1992. 229-33 pp.
Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This study investigates the effect
of women's schooling on fertility in the United States. Particular
attention is given to the issue of whether women's schooling can be
legitimately treated as an exogenous determinant of
fertility."
Correspondence: W. Sander, DePaul University,
Department of Economics, 25 East Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, IL 60604.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
59:30218 Sardon,
Jean-Paul. Generation replacement in Europe since
1900. Population. English Selection, Vol. 3, 1991. 15-32 pp.
Paris, France. In Eng.
The author examines population dynamics in
Western Europe during the twentieth century, with a focus on changes in
generations' ability to reproduce themselves. He applies "the concept
of 'generation replacement', based on 'net' fertility, [taking] into
account the mortality rates to which a generation of mothers is
subjected up to the end of reproductive life. The conditions in which
replacement occurs are measured by the reproduction rate, or
replacement rate, which expresses the number of daughters by which each
of the women born [in] a given year will, on average, be succeeded.
Replacement is ensured when the rate is higher than one. To reach this
level, the generation's fertility must be all the higher as mortality
conditions are unfavourable."
This is a translation of the article
published in 1990 in French and cited in 57:20260.
Correspondence: J.-P. Sardon, Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30219 Sathar,
Zeba A. Child survival and changing fertility patterns in
Pakistan. Pakistan Development Review, Vol. 31, No. 4, Pt. 2,
Winter 1992. 699-713 pp. Islamabad, Pakistan. In Eng.
"In this
paper we are speculating, based on available evidence of current trends
in Pakistan, (a) whether existing fertility patterns can be linked with
the lack of changes in child mortality and (b) whether future changes
in fertility or those changes already under way are likely to influence
child survival probabilities favourably? On the basis of the available
evidence we also propose some policy suggestions." A comment by Khalil
A. Siddiqui is included (pp. 712-3).
Correspondence: Z. A.
Sathar, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, P.O. Box 1091,
Islamabad, Pakistan. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30220 Shi, Xilai;
Geng, Zhi. Statistical analysis of China fertility survey
by AIC and loglinear models. In: Fertility in China. Proceedings
of the International Seminar on China's In-Depth Fertility Survey,
Beijing, February 13-17, 1990. 1991. 103-13 pp. International
Statistical Institute [ISI]: Voorburg, Netherlands. In Eng.
The
authors analyze the factors affecting rates of population growth,
reproduction, and contraceptive practice in China using Akaike's
Information Criterion (AIC) and log-linear models applied to data
collected in the In-Depth Fertility Survey in 1985 and
1987.
Correspondence: X. Shi, People's University of China,
Department of Sociology, 39 Haidian Road, Haidian District, Beijing,
China. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30221 Singh, K.
K.; Suchindran, C. M.; Singh, Vipin; Ramakumar, R. Age at
return marriage and timing of first birth in India's Uttar Pradesh and
Kerala states. Social Biology, Vol. 39, No. 3-4, Fall-Winter 1992.
292-8 pp. Port Angeles, Washington. In Eng.
"The study investigates
the relationship between age at marriage and the length of first birth
interval in two states of India: Uttar Pradesh and Kerala. Life
tables of first-birth intervals and median first-birth intervals are
computed for several subgroups of the study population. Multivariate
hazards modelling technique is used to study the net effect of age at
marriage, controlling for a multiple of socioeconomic factors. The
result shows that the average first-birth interval varies by age at
marriage and is much longer in Uttar Pradesh than in
Kerala."
Correspondence: K. K. Singh, University of North
Carolina, Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27516.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30222 Todorovic,
Gordana. Reproduction and fertility in Serbia--Part
2. [Reprodukcija i plodnost stanovnistva Srbije--II deo.]
Stanovnistvo, Vol. 24, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1991. 7-44 pp. Belgrade,
Yugoslavia. In Scr. with sum. in Eng.
The author examines and
compares fertility levels among different female cohorts in Serbia.
Consideration is given to the use of abortion to control fertility and
to attitudes toward desired family size.
For a related study,
published in 1990-1991, see 58:40311.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:30223 Trovato,
Frank; Odynak, Dave. The seasonality of births in Canada
and the provinces, 1881-1989: theory and analysis. Canadian
Studies in Population, Vol. 20, No. 1, 1993. 1-41 pp. Edmonton, Canada.
In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Seasonality of births has been observed
in virtually all historical and contemporary populations. In general,
two distinct patterns have been identified in modern populations: (1)
the American pattern, characterized by a trough in April-May, and a
peak in September; (2) the European pattern, with an excess of births
during spring and summer, and a secondary peak in September....We
analyze Census and Vital Statistics data for Canada and the provinces
for 1881 and from 1926-1989, with a time-varying covariate regression
model to address four questions: (a) what is the Canadian pattern of
seasonality in births; (b) how has it changed over time; (c) how does
it compare to the American pattern; and (d) how can the Canadian
seasonal distribution of births be explained. Our results indicate that
the Canadian pattern closely approximates the European model, but only
since the early part of this century. Prior to 1926, the monthly
distribution of births in Canada as a whole was actually closer to the
contemporary American distribution."
Correspondence: F.
Trovato, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H4, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30224 Vosti,
Stephen A.; Lipton, Michael. Population change in the wake
of agricultural improvement: lessons for Pakistan. Pakistan
Development Review, Vol. 31, No. 4, Pt. 2, Winter 1992. 715-28 pp.
Islamabad, Pakistan. In Eng.
"This paper examines the impact of
several types of modern agricultural technologies [developed] since the
early 1960s on fertility-based demographic transitions between 1971 and
1981 at the District level in rural India. We begin with an estimation
of total fertility rates in Section II, followed by a brief
District-level characterisation of agriculture in Section III. Section
IV presents the results of empirical estimation." A comment by Moazan
Mahmood, concerning Vosti and Lipton's findings for Pakistan, is
included (pp. 727-8).
Correspondence: S. A. Vosti,
International Food Policy Research Institute, 1776 Massachusetts Avenue
NW, Washington, D.C. 20036. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
59:30225 Walker,
James R. The effect of public policies on recent Swedish
fertility behavior. Hoover Institution Working Papers in
Economics, No. E-92-20, Aug 1992. 31, [4] pp. Stanford University,
Hoover Institution, Domestic Studies Program: Stanford, California. In
Eng.
The author uses a neoclassical economic framework to develop
the price of fertility. He then analyzes the effect of Sweden's
economic trends and social policies on the birth
rate.
Correspondence: Stanford University, Hoover
Institution, Domestic Studies Program, Stanford, CA 94305.
Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington,
D.C.
59:30226 Wang,
Temu. Alternative population policies in Taiwan, after
below-replacement fertility. Journal of Population Studies, No.
15, Dec 1992. 1-15 pp. Taipei, Taiwan. In Chi. with sum. in Eng.
Trends in fertility in Taiwan since the 1980s are discussed and
projections to the year 2080 are made. The author notes that fertility
has been below replacement level since the beginning of the 1980s and
assesses the effects of demographic aging on the projected dependency
burden. Suggestions for a population policy that would encourage
family formation are made.
Correspondence: T. Wang,
National Chung-cheng University, Department of Social Welfare, Taiwan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30227 Wang,
Yanzu. Birth peak and the fertility level of Chinese
women--an analysis of the In-Depth Fertility Sampling Survey. In:
Fertility in China. Proceedings of the International Seminar on
China's In-Depth Fertility Survey, Beijing, February 13-17, 1990. 1991.
263-72 pp. International Statistical Institute [ISI]: Voorburg,
Netherlands. In Eng.
The author analyzes fertility levels in China
using data for total parity progressive birth rates from the 1985 and
1987 phases of the In-Depth Fertility
Survey.
Correspondence: Y. Wang, Chinese State Planning
Commission, Institute of Economics, Beijing, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30228 Zakharova,
Olga. Birth rate evolution in the Soviet Union and
explanatory concepts. [Evolyutsiya na razhdaemostta v SSSR i
kontseptsii za neinoto obyasnenie.] Naselenie, Vol. 9, No. 3-4, 1991.
22-30 pp. Sofia, Bulgaria. In Bul. with sum. in Eng.
The author
describes recent declines in the birth rate in the former Soviet Union.
She considers contributory factors such as residence characteristics,
birth control and abortion, child mortality, and female labor force
participation.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30229 Zha,
Ruichuan. Some analyses of the age at first marriage and
fertility level of women in five provinces and one municipality.
In: Fertility in China. Proceedings of the International Seminar on
China's In-Depth Fertility Survey, Beijing, February 13-17, 1990. 1991.
499-528 pp. International Statistical Institute [ISI]: Voorburg,
Netherlands. In Eng.
Trends in fertility and marriage age in China
are analyzed and compared for five provinces and one municipality.
Data are from the 1985 phase of the In-Depth Fertility
Survey.
Correspondence: R. Zha, People's University of
China, Institute of Population Research, 39 Haidian Road, Haidian
District, Beijing, China. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
59:30230 Zhao,
Xuan. A quality assessment on the fertility rate estimated
with China's In-Depth Fertility Survey. In: Fertility in China.
Proceedings of the International Seminar on China's In-Depth Fertility
Survey, Beijing, February 13-17, 1990. 1991. 31-6 pp. International
Statistical Institute [ISI]: Voorburg, Netherlands. In Eng.
The
quality of data from China's In-Depth Fertility Survey is assessed by
comparing it with results from a 1988 fertility and contraceptive
survey and the 1982 census. The author concludes that "the TFR [total
fertility rate] for 1981 and 1983 are excellent, for 1980, 1985 and
1986 are very good, for 1984 good. The quality of the data for the
first four years is better than that for the last three years, [but]
the underlying reasons remain to be
analyzed."
Correspondence: X. Zhao, State Family Planning
Commission, Beijing, China. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
59:30231 Bachrach,
Christine A.; Carver, Karen. Outcomes of early
childbearing: an appraisal of recent evidence. [1992?]. 32 pp.
U.S. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD]:
Bethesda, Maryland. In Eng.
This is a summary of a conference on
the outcomes of early childbearing in the United States, which was
convened by the National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development in May 1992. The purpose of the conference "was to review
recent studies on the effects of maternal age and the factors that
mediate and condition those effects...[with a focus on the] association
between the timing of the first birth and such economic and social
factors as education, earnings, marriage and marital stability, and
poverty....This summary provides an overview of the papers presented in
the conference and the discussion that
followed."
Correspondence: U.S. National Institute of Child
Health and Human Development, Center for Population Research,
Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30232 Bentley,
Gillian R.; Goldberg, Tony; Jasienska, Grazyna. The
fertility of agricultural and non-agricultural traditional
societies. Population Studies, Vol. 47, No. 2, Jul 1993. 269-81
pp. London, England. In Eng.
"A comparison of demographic data from
a sample of traditional, natural-fertility societies demonstrates that
the mean total fertility of populations which practise intensive
agriculture is significantly higher than that of foragers and
horticulturalists. These findings support the association that
demographers and economists have long maintained between the
intensification of subsistence technology and increases in human
fertility. This higher fertility probably results from changes in
nutritional status, marriage patterns, and breastfeeding practices that
frequently accompany subsistence
intensification."
Correspondence: G. R. Bentley,
Northwestern University, Department of Anthropology, Evanston, IL
60208. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30233 Bledsoe,
Caroline H.; Cohen, Barney. Social dynamics of adolescent
fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa. Population Dynamics of
Sub-Saharan Africa, Pub. Order No. B147. ISBN 0-309-04897-4. LC
93-84260. 1993. xv, 208 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
"This report is one in a series of studies that have been
carried out under the auspices of the Panel on the Population Dynamics
of Sub-Saharan Africa of the National Research Council's Committee on
Population....This report, one of...four cross-national studies, is
concerned with the social dynamics of adolescent fertility in
Sub-Saharan Africa. It uses data from recent national surveys,
conducted under the auspices of the Demographic and Health Surveys
(DHS), to examine, among other things, contemporary trends in marriage,
sexuality, contraceptive use, and fertility. It describes in some
depth the changing social context within which adolescents are having
children in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the effects of these changing
circumstances on the benefits and risks of early childbearing. The
report draws extensively on ethnographic and historical literature to
demonstrate the enormous heterogeneity in economic and social regimes
within Sub-Saharan Africa."
Correspondence: National
Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue NW, Box 285, Washington, D.C.
20055. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30234 Grogger,
Jeff; Bronars, Stephen. The socioeconomic consequences of
teenage childbearing: findings from a natural experiment. Family
Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1993. 156-61, 174 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"A study based on [U.S.] census data
from 1970 and 1980 examines the socioeconomic effects of unplanned
teenage childbearing by comparing teenage mothers whose first birth was
to twins with those whose first birth was to a single infant. Among
black women, an unplanned teenage birth--represented by the secondborn
twin--results in significantly lower rates of high school graduation
and labor-force participation and significantly higher rates of poverty
and welfare recipiency....Like black women, white women who have an
unplanned teenage birth have significantly higher rates of poverty and
welfare recipiency; they also have significantly lower family earnings
and household income....The data...used were drawn from the 1-in-100
State, County-Group, and Neighborhood Characteristics samples from the
5% Questionnaire of the 1970 census, and from the A and B samples of
the 1980 census."
Correspondence: J. Grogger, University of
California, Department of Economics, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30235 Henshaw,
Stanley K. Teenage abortion, birth and pregnancy
statistics by state, 1988. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25,
No. 3, May-Jun 1993. 122-6 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This
research note provides the estimated total number of pregnancies among
[U.S.] women younger than 20 and estimated pregnancy, birth and
abortion rates by state of residence for 1988, the most recent year for
which data are available."
Correspondence: S. K. Henshaw,
Alan Guttmacher Institute, 111 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30236
Kalule-Sabiti, I. The effect of nuptiality status
variables on fertility: the Kenyan experience. South African
Journal of Sociology/Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Sosiologie, Vol. 23,
No. 1, Feb 1992. 12-9 pp. Pretoria, South Africa. In Eng. with sum. in
Afr.
"This paper examines the relationship between fertility and
nuptiality in Kenya using data from the Kenya Fertility Survey 1977/78.
The results show that completed fertility (the cumulative fertility at
the end of the reproductive period 15-49) decreases with the rise in
age at first marriage. Type of union is also found to affect marital
stability, frequency of marriage and consequently completed fertility.
Regardless of type of union, women whose first union is still
continuing have higher fertility than those women whose first union was
dissolved and who married once or several times after. Highest
fertility is experienced by women married only once and...in monogamous
unions. The results also show that polygamously married older women
among the rural populations experience higher fertility than their
counterparts in the urban areas regardless of
age."
Correspondence: I. Kalule-Sabiti, Institute of
Development Research, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, Bophuthatswana,
South Africa. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
59:30237 Lawson,
Annette; Rhode, Deborah L. The politics of pregnancy:
adolescent sexuality and public policy. ISBN 0-300-05717-2. LC
92-38539. 1993. [xi], 348 pp. Yale University Press: New Haven,
Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
This is a collection of papers
from various disciplines on aspects of teenage pregnancy; it is the
product of a conference sponsored by the Institute for Research on
Women and Gender held at Stanford University in April 1989. The
geographical focus of the papers is on both the United Kingdom and the
United States. In Part 1, the authors examine the cultural context of
teenage pregnancy in the two countries. Part 2 looks at the choices
available to pregnant adolescents. Part 3 examines the situation
concerning adolescent fathers. The concluding Part 4 considers social
policy implications.
Correspondence: Yale University Press,
302 Temple Street, New Haven, CT 06520. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:30238 Lee, See
Baick; Yoon, Bong Ja. An estimate of fertility differences
by region: with application of indirect method. Journal of
Population, Health and Social Welfare, Vol. 12, No. 1, Jul 1992. 108-18
pp. Seoul, Korea, Republic of. In Kor. with sum. in Eng.
"A major
purpose of the present study is to measure fertility differences by
region in [South] Korea. The crude birth rate and the total fertility
rate are estimated at city and provincial levels using national vital
registration data over the period from 1970 to 1990. As [existing] age
specific birth rates for regional population are defective, the crude
birth rate and the total fertility rate are calculated
indirectly....The total fertility rate dropped off sharply after the
1982-1984 period, although the two large cities [Seoul and Pusan] have
remained consistently at a lower level since the 1970-1972
period."
Correspondence: S. B. Lee, Seoul National
University, School of Public Health, Sinlim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151,
Republic of Korea. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30239 Marr,
William L. Micro and macro land availability as a
determinant of human fertility in rural Canada West, 1851. Social
Science History, Vol. 16, No. 4, Winter 1992. 583-90 pp. Durham, North
Carolina. In Eng.
A large sample of data on farm households from
the 1851-1852 census of Canada West (now Ontario) is used to compare
fertility between long-settled areas and frontier settlements. "In the
final analysis, fertility differences were influenced by land
availability at the farm level, but the location of the farm with
respect to the extent of agricultural development did not affect
fertility when some other pertinent factors are held constant (age,
birthplace, and religion of the household's
head)."
Correspondence: W. L. Marr, Wilfrid Laurier
University, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
59:30240 Meekers,
Dominique. Education and adolescent fertility in
Sub-Saharan Africa. Population Research Institute Working Paper,
No. 1993-05, Feb 1993. [iii], 87 pp. Pennsylvania State University,
Population Research Institute: University Park, Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"The purpose of this paper is to review and clarify the available
evidence on the relationship between education and adolescent fertility
in sub-Saharan Africa."
Correspondence: Pennsylvania State
University, Population Research Institute, 22 Burrowes Building,
University Park, PA 16802. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
59:30241 Newcomer,
Susan; Baldwin, Wendy. Demographics of adolescent sexual
behavior, contraception, pregnancy, and STDs. Journal of School
Health, Vol. 62, No. 7, Sep 1992. 265-70 pp. Kent, Ohio. In Eng.
"The demographics of fertility-related behavior of youth ages 10-18
are reviewed. Data were collected from U.S. vital statistics, and
birth rates, contraceptive use, sexual behavior, number and types of
sexual partners, patterns of sexual initiation and sexual intercourse,
and sexually transmitted diseases were examined. Despite data
limitations, the demographic profile of adolescent sexual intercourse
is striking. Age clearly is the single most important predictor of
sexual debut."
Correspondence: S. Newcomer, U.S. National
Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Demographic and
Behavioral Sciences Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30242 Ofosu,
Yaw. Labour and population. Socio-economic change and
evolution of cultural models of reproduction in Ghana: implications
for population policy. World Employment Programme Research Working
Paper, No. 184, ISBN 92-2-108760-3. Dec 1992. vi, 35 pp. International
Labour Office [ILO]: Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng.
Data from the
Ghana Fertility Survey of 1979-1980 and the Ghana Demographic and
Health Survey of 1988 are used to examine fertility differentials among
various ethnic, socioeconomic, and cultural groups in Ghana. The
relationship between modernization and more effective family planning
practice is emphasized.
Correspondence: International
Labour Office, 4 route des Morillons, 1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30243 Powers,
Daniel A. Alternative models of the effects of family
structure on early family formation. Social Science Research, Vol.
22, No. 3, Sep 1993. 283-99 pp. Orlando, Florida. In Eng.
"Data
from the 1979-1985 waves of the [U.S.] National Longitudinal Survey of
Youth are used to examine the effect of residing in a nonintact family
during adolescence on the probability of experiencing a teen birth and
on the timing of first premarital births....The results confirm
previous research findings that, after controlling for various
socio-demographic factors, living in a nonintact family at age 14
increases the likelihood of becoming a teen parent and lowers the
expected age of experiencing an out-of-wedlock
birth."
Correspondence: D. A. Powers, University of Texas,
Department of Sociology, Austin, TX 78712. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
59:30244 Tribalat,
Michele. Chronicle of immigration: special topic.
Population. English Selection, Vol. 3, 1991. 201-14 pp. Paris, France.
In Eng.
The author critically assesses data from the 1982 Family
Survey, which examined fertility levels and trends among immigrants to
France. "For lack of more accurate data, the total fertility rates of
foreign nationals have been taken to reflect changes over time,
and...assumptions on the convergence of their fertility behaviour to
that of French nationals have been made. The evident deficiencies of
such methods prompted us to undertake an in-depth analysis of the
results of the 1982 Family Survey conducted by INSEE....The survey
population...was exclusively female and information collected was
largely individual. 23,000 women born outside France were
interviewed...."
This is a translation of part of the article
published in French in 1990 and cited in 56:40454.
Correspondence: M. Tribalat, Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30245 United
States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (Atlanta,
Georgia). Childbearing patterns among selected
racial/ethnic minority groups--United States, 1990. Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 42, No. 20, May 28, 1993. 398-403 pp.
Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
"To characterize childbearing variations
among American Indians/Alaskan Natives, Asians/Pacific Islanders, and
Hispanic ethnic groups...data from U.S. birth certificates for 1990
[are analyzed]. This report compares patterns among these groups and
relates them to selected birth outcomes; in addition, this report
presents birth rates for subgroups of Asians/Pacific Islanders for the
first time."
Correspondence: U.S. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30246 Brewis,
Alexandra A. Age and infertility in a Micronesian atoll
population. Human Biology, Vol. 65, No. 4, Aug 1993. 593-609 pp.
Detroit, Michigan. In Eng.
"The relationship between female age and
infertility is examined using a single-island Micronesian population
case. Demographic data, derived primarily from reproductive history
interviews, show that a significant age-associated decline in marital
reproductive performance is absent before women reach their late
thirties in this population but a substantial decline is present once
women reach their forties. Ethnographic data support the demographic
inference that couples are maintaining relatively high levels of
conjugal coital activity with both advancing female age and increasing
marital duration. Thus coital activity levels appear to be an
important factor in the maintenance of fertility in this group before
the mid-thirties but decreases in fecundability after this age are due
primarily to reductions in fecundity, not to declines in coital
activity." Data are for Butaritari Atoll,
Kiribati.
Correspondence: A. A. Brewis, University of
Auckland, Department of Anthropology, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New
Zealand. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30247
Gloria-Bottini, Fulvia; Lucarini, Nazzareno; Scalamandre,
Antonio; Borgiani, Paola; Amante, Ada; Bottini, Egidio.
Phosphoglucomutase genetic polymorphism and human fertility.
Social Biology, Vol. 39, No. 3-4, Fall-Winter 1992. 246-56 pp. Port
Angeles, Washington. In Eng.
"We studied the phosphoglucomutase
phenotype in relation to fertility parameters in a consecutive series
of 204 women who had delivered a normal live-born child in Rome
[Italy]. A highly significant association was found between age of the
women and phosphoglucomutase phenotype, suggesting a reduced rate of
reproduction among women of phosphoglucomutase Type 1....Considered
altogether, the data suggest that phosphoglucomutase may have an
important role in zygote development and survival through the whole
span of intrauterine life."
Correspondence: F.
Gloria-Bottini, Second University of Rome School of Medicine, Division
of Biometry and Human Development, Rome, Italy. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30248 Kallan,
Jeffrey E. Effects of interpregnancy intervals on preterm
birth, intrauterine growth retardation, and fetal loss. Social
Biology, Vol. 39, No. 3-4, Fall-Winter 1992. 231-45 pp. Port Angeles,
Washington. In Eng.
"This study examines the magnitude and shape of
the interpregnancy interval (IPI) effect on three pregnancy outcomes:
preterm low birthweight (PRETERM-LBW), intrauterine growth-retardation
low birthweight (IUGR-LBW), and fetal loss (LOSS). A multinomial
logistic regression model is estimated, based on data from the 1988
[U.S.] National Survey of Family Growth which contains pregnancy
histories. The results indicate that both short and long intervals
raise the risk of IUGR-LBW and LOSS, net of sociodemographic and
behavioral variables, but IPI effects on PRETERM-LBW are not
clear."
Correspondence: J. E. Kallan, National Research
Council, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, Washington,
D.C. 20418. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30249 Wagner,
Marsden G.; Stephenson, Patricia A. Infertility in
industrialized countries: prevalence and prevention. Sozial- und
Praventivmedizin/Medecine Sociale et Preventive, Vol. 37, No. 5, 1992.
213-7 pp. Basel, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
"We
discuss the prevalence and aetiology of infertility and the relevance
of this information for national infertility services and prevention
programmes. The prevalence of infertility in industrialized countries
has been said to be as high as 10-20%....However, population prevalence
surveys indicate that far fewer couples of reproductive age are
actually infertile....Other studies show that nearly a third of couples
have difficulty conceiving at some point during their reproductive
lives but few actually remain childless. A significant proportion of
infertility could be prevented through more aggressive application of
standard public health measures."
Correspondence: P. A.
Stephenson, Centre for Public Health Research, 651 82 Karlstad, Sweden.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30250 Ahmed,
Tauseef; Ali, Syed M. Alternate scenarios for population
control in Pakistan: the issue of contraceptive method mix.
Pakistan Development Review, Vol. 31, No. 4, Pt. 2, Winter 1992.
1,281-92 pp. Islamabad, Pakistan. In Eng.
The authors review
Pakistan's population program, with a focus on the ideal mix of
contraceptive methods needed to slow population growth. "Our objective
in this exercise is to estimate the extent of services required to
achieve a certain level of the Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR)
necessary to bring fertility down to a level desired by women."
Comparison is made between single- and multiple-method
approaches.
Correspondence: T. Ahmed, National Institute of
Population Studies, House No. 8, St. 70, F-813, P.O. Box 2197,
Islamabad, Pakistan. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30251 Angle,
Marcia A.; Brown, Laura A.; Buekens, Pierre. IUD protocols
for international training. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 24,
No. 2, Mar-Apr 1993. 125-31 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The
authors review current IUD-provision protocols. They find that "for
developing countries, where maternal mortality rates are as much as two
magnitudes greater than those in industrialized countries, at least
eight of the listed IUD contraindications may be inappropriate...." It
is concluded that "donor organizations and technical assistance
agencies must work together to offer developing countries a consistent
set of IUD service guidelines that reflect not only current
epidemiologic insight, but also respect for individual women's
choices."
Correspondence: M. A. Angle, University of North
Carolina, School of Medicine, Program for International Training in
Health, 208 North Columbia Street, CB 8100, Chapel Hill, NC 27514.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30252
Balasubramanian, K. Emergence of fertility
differentials as evidence of fertility decline in India. Artha
Vijnana, Vol. 34, No. 2, Jun 1992. 182-99 pp. Pune, India. In Eng.
"A review of major studies on fertility concludes that it is only
from the late 1960s that movement from the stage of uncontrolled
fertility to the stage of controlled fertility leading to the emergence
of socio-economic differentials in fertility seems to have really
gotten underway in India. This process appears to have been accelerated
during the 1970s and 1980s."
Correspondence: K.
Balasubramanian, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune 411
004, India. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library,
Washington, D.C.
59:30253 Cayemittes,
Michel; Augustin, Antoine; Rival, Antonio; Friedman, Jay S.; Stupp,
Paul W.; Goldberg, Howard I. 1989 Haiti National
Contraceptive Prevalence Survey: final English language report.
Jun 1991. 45, [88] pp. Child Health Institute: Port-au-Prince, Haiti;
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]: Atlanta,
Georgia. In Eng.
This is the final English-language report on the
1989 Haiti National Contraceptive Prevalence Survey, a nationwide
population-based household survey. The sample consisted of 4,650
households, and interviews were conducted with 1,842 males and 1,996
females. Chapters are included on survey methodology and organization;
characteristics of the survey population; maternal and child health
care, fertility intentions, and planning status of last live birth;
contraception; risk of unplanned pregnancy; availability of services;
attitudes toward family planning; sexual behavior and contraceptive use
among young adults; and knowledge of AIDS. The report is also available
in French.
Correspondence: U.S. Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health
Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30254 Chung,
Kyung Kyoon; Cho, Nam-Hoon. Interaction between clients
and grass-root family planning workers in Korea: implications for
program performance. Journal of Population, Health and Social
Welfare, Vol. 12, No. 1, Jul 1992. 176-93 pp. Seoul, Korea, Republic
of. In Eng. with sum. in Kor.
"The main purpose of this study is to
assess the effects of the interaction patterns between family planning
workers and potential clients [in South Korea] upon acceptance of
family planning....1,383 married eligible women, and 66 family planning
workers...were interviewed....Variables appearing to explain the
non-adoption of family planning at a highly significant level were: 1)
time and distance to service institutions, 2) friendliness of service
institutions, 3) frequency of meetings with a family planning worker,
4) support of friends, 5) visits to friends, 6) wife's occupation, 7)
number of living sons, 8) number of living daughters, and 9)
friendliness of family planning workers."
Correspondence:
K. K. Chung, Seoul National University, School of Public Health,
Sinlim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151, Republic of Korea.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30255 Forrest,
Jacqueline D.; Fordyce, Richard R. Women's contraceptive
attitudes and use in 1992. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25,
No. 4, Jul-Aug 1993. 175-9 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The
authors investigate contraceptive attitudes and use among U.S. women,
using data from the 1992 Ortho Birth Control Study and comparing the
results with data from the 1987 Ortho study. "The proportion of
unmarried women who had had intercourse increased from 76% in 1987 to
86% in 1992. As a result, proportions of women at risk of unintended
pregnancy rose from 72% to 77%. Contraceptive use also rose, from 92%
to 94%. The most commonly used method is the pill (39%), followed by
the condom (25%), female sterilization (19%) and vasectomy (12%).
Married women exposed to the risk of unintended pregnancy are more
likely to use sterilization (48%), while unmarried women are more
likely to use the pill (52%) and the condom (33%). Pill use has
increased since 1987, especially among married women, and condom use
has increased among all women. Among unmarried women at risk of
unintended pregnancy, condom use rose from 18% in 1987 to 33% in 1992.
Among condom users, 40% of unmarried users and 13% of married users
also use another method."
Correspondence: J. D. Forrest,
Alan Guttmacher Institute, 111 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30256 Goldman,
Noreen. Collection of survey data on contraception: an
experimental study. In: Fertility in China. Proceedings of the
International Seminar on China's In-Depth Fertility Survey, Beijing,
February 13-17, 1990. 1991. 37-51 pp. International Statistical
Institute [ISI]: Voorburg, Netherlands. In Eng.
The author
describes an experiment conducted as part of the Demographic and Health
Surveys project in which two alternative questionnaires were employed
to identify how approaches to measurement affect data reliability and
usefulness. The focus here is on how differences between the two
questionnaires affected information on contraceptive use and
discontinuation. The surveys were carried out in the Dominican
Republic and Peru in 1986.
Correspondence: N. Goldman,
Princeton University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect
Avenue, Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:30257 Hashmi,
Sultan S.; Ahmed, Tauseef. Shy/silent contraceptive users:
further evidence. Pakistan Population Review, Vol. 3, No. 1,
Spring 1992. 19-40 pp. Islamabad, Pakistan. In Eng.
"On the basis
of 1984/1985 Pakistan Contraceptive Prevalence Survey, it was
deduced...that there were 5.9 percent of currently married women 15-49
years of age who were shy/silent contraceptive users. The analysis of
1990/1991 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey data provide a
corresponding estimate of 11.9 percent, in spite of further refinement
of the procedure used for the determination of the shy/silent users who
were defined as currently married women [who] had no birth during the
last five or more years preceding the survey, were not sterile or
menopaused, were reportedly not using [a] contraceptive method, had at
least produced one live birth since marriage, were less than 45 years
of age and their ability to conceive had not been impaired. The
analysis shows that due to the impact of shy/silent users not counted
as users and other reasons, the contraceptive prevalence is far more
under reported than the level of
fertility."
Correspondence: S. S. Hashmi, National
Institute of Population Studies, House No. 8, St. 70, F-8/3, P.O. Box
2197, Islamabad, Pakistan. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
59:30258 Hieu, Do
Trong; Tan, Tran Thi; Tan, Do Ngoc; Nguyet, Pham Thi; Than, Pham; Vinh,
Dao Quang. 31,781 cases of non-surgical female
sterilisation with quinacrine pellets in Vietnam. Lancet, Vol.
342, No. 8865, Jul 24, 1993. 213-7 pp. Baltimore, Maryland/London,
England. In Eng.
The authors present the results of a field trial
of the quinacrine-pellet method of nonsurgical sterilization carried
out from 1989 to 1992 in Viet Nam. The results indicate that this
method is an economical way both to provide effective contraception in
a developing country and to reduce maternal mortality
significantly.
Correspondence: D. T. Hieu, Ministry of
Health, Maternal and Child Health/Family Planning Department, 138A
Giangvo, Hanoi, Viet Nam. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
59:30259 Hubacher,
David; Potter, Linda. Adherence to oral contraceptive
regimens in four countries. International Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 19, No. 2, Jun 1993. 49-53 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Results from Demographic and Health
Surveys conducted in Botswana, Egypt, Indonesia and Zimbabwe between
1987 and 1989 show that many women are not taking oral contraceptives
properly or adequately for full protection. Depending on the country
and the particular type of pill-taking error, the prevalence of
incorrect use among current users ranges from 5% to 89%. However,
relationships between pill-taking errors and social and demographic
variables differ across countries: Incorrect use is most common in
Egypt, for instance, and errors there are concentrated among poorly
educated and illiterate women, while in Botswana, better educated and
literate women are more likely to make errors in pill-taking, as are
younger and lower parity women. In Zimbabwe and Indonesia, such errors
are not concentrated in any particular social or demographic
groups."
Correspondence: D. Hubacher, Family Health
International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30260 Jaspard,
Maryse. The control of reproduction: contraception and
abortion in France and Czechoslovakia. [La maitrise de la
procreation: contraception et avortement en France et en
Tchecoslovaquie.] Acta Demographica, No. 10, Nov 1992. 41-78 pp.
Prague, Czechoslovakia. In Fre.
This is a comparative analysis of
fertility control in France and Czechoslovakia. The author describes
differences in the contraceptive methods used and in abortion trends in
the two countries.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30261 Jiang, Gu;
Campbell, Michael J. Determinants of contraceptive method
choice after first delivery, before first abortion, and after first
abortion in east China. Contraception, Vol. 47, No. 6, Jun 1993.
539-57 pp. Stoneham, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"A 10% sample of the
data from East China from the two-per-thousand fertility and
contraception survey of the Chinese State Family Planning Committee was
analysed to study determinants of contraceptive choice in three
situations: after first surviving delivery; before first abortion
after first surviving delivery; and after first abortion. A total of
2,880 women were included. For the first method choice after first
delivery, the most popular method is the IUD, although there are
urban/rural differences. Better educated women in urban areas prefer
the condom and IUD to the pill, whereas better educated women in rural
areas prefer the pill. Younger women prefer the IUD and the pill. For
last method choice before first abortion, women who had no sons had
apparently high failure rates on the pill."
Correspondence:
G. Jiang, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai
200032, China. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30262 Jiles
Moreno, Ximena; Rojas Mira, Claudia. From honey to
implants: a history of the politics of fertility regulation in
Chile. [De la miel a los implantes: historia de las politicas de
regulacion de la fecundidad en Chile.] 1992. 211 pp. Corporacion de
Salud y Politicas Sociales [CORSAPS]: Santiago, Chile. In Spa.
The
authors trace the history of political aspects of fertility regulation
in Chile, with a focus on feminist and human rights issues. Following
an introductory section on ideological concepts, sections are included
on the history of contraception in a worldwide context; the movement in
Chile to free women from obligatory motherhood; and the politics of
fertility regulation under the leadership of the Christian Democratic
Party (1964-1970), the Popular Unity Party (1970-1973), and Pinochet's
military regime.
Correspondence: Corporacion de Salud y
Politicas Sociales, Santiago, Chile. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:30263 Kim, Seung
Kwon. A study of contraceptive-failure pregnancy and
induced abortion in Korea. Journal of Population, Health and
Social Welfare, Vol. 12, No. 1, Jul 1992. 119-44 pp. Seoul, Korea,
Republic of. In Kor. with sum. in Eng.
The author reviews South
Korea's family planning program since its inception in 1962. The focus
is on pregnancy due to contraceptive failure and the use of induced
abortion as a remedy. It is found that "according to a logistic
regression analysis, major factors which affect the outcome of
pregnancy due to contraceptive failure were residence area, number of
boys, educational level, duration of marriage, women's age and number
of children."
Correspondence: S. K. Kim, Korea Institute
for Health and Social Affairs, San 42-14, Bulgwang-dong, Eunpyung-ku,
Seoul 122-040, Republic of Korea. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:30264 Kost,
Kathryn. The dynamics of contraceptive use in Peru.
Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 24, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1993. 109-19 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"In 1986, the Demographic and Health
Surveys project administered the first six-year calendar history of
events that included women's contraceptive use and their reasons for
discontinuation in experimental surveys in Peru and the Dominican
Republic. In this report the experimental survey from Peru is examined
to demonstrate how the calendar data can be used to calculate multiple
increment-decrement life table rates of contraceptive
discontinuation--including contraceptive failure, method switching, and
abandonment of use--and of resumption of method use following
discontinuation."
Correspondence: K. Kost, Alan Guttmacher
Institute, 111 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30265 Merrick,
Thomas W. Strategic planning for the expansion of family
planning. Policy Paper Series, No. 2, Feb 1993. 24 pp. Options for
Population Policy: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author outlines an
approach to strategic planning at the sector level designed to expand
family planning services in developing
countries.
Correspondence: Options for Population Policy,
1050 17th Street NW, Suite 1000, Washington, D.C. 20036.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30266 Moreno,
Lorenzo. Differences by residence and education in
contraceptive failure rates in developing countries. International
Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 19, No. 2, Jun 1993. 54-60, 71 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"A study based
on Demographic and Health Survey data from 15 countries in Latin
America, Asia and North Africa shows that the contraceptive method
selected, the duration of use and the age of the woman are important
determinants of the probability of failure in the first year. In
addition, women who want to postpone their next birth seem to have
higher failure rates than women who wish to limit their family size.
The study found little evidence that rural women use contraceptives
less effectively than do urban women or that user effectiveness rises
with level of education."
Correspondence: L. Moreno,
Mathematica Policy Research, P.O. Box 2393, Princeton, NJ 08543-2393.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30267 National
Research Council. Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and
Education. Committee on Population. Panel on the Population Dynamics of
Sub-Saharan Africa. Working Group on Factors Affecting Contraceptive
Use (Washington, D.C.). Factors affecting contraceptive
use in Sub-Saharan Africa. Population Dynamics of Sub-Saharan
Africa, Pub. Order No. B168. ISBN 0-309-04944-X. LC 93-85134. 1993. xv,
252 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This
report is one in a series of studies that have been carried out under
the auspices of the Panel on the Population Dynamics of Sub-Saharan
Africa of the National Research Council's Committee on
Population....This report, one of...four cross-national studies,
analyzes the factors affecting contraceptive use....[It] examines the
literature on the socioeconomic, social organizational, and family
planning program factors that are related to contraceptive use.
Multivariate analysis is employed to assess the relative importance of
those factors that can be measured and for which data are available
from surveys....The relative importance of contraceptive use versus
postpartum practices in inhibiting fertility in Africa is
assessed."
Correspondence: National Academy Press, 2101
Constitution Avenue NW, Box 285, Washington, D.C. 20055.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30268 Oddens, B.
J. Evaluation of the effect of contraceptive prices on
demand in eight Western European countries. Advances in
Contraception, Vol. 9, No. 1, Mar 1993. 1-11 pp. Boston,
Massachusetts/Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"In this...project annual expenditure and costs in the first year
of use were calculated, taking into account existing reimbursement
levels, for oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices, condoms, and
sterilization in eight Western European countries: Italy, France,
United Kingdom, Spain, West Germany, Austria, Sweden and Denmark....The
variation in expenditure was largely explained by the extent to which
contraception costs are reimbursed in the respective countries.
Correlation of the calculated expenditure on a method and its use did
not show any statistically significant trend. This suggests that the
wide differences in the choice of contraceptive methods between
countries are not related to differences in national reimbursement
schemes and resulting costs to users, and that other factors must be
involved."
Correspondence: B. J. Oddens, International
Health Foundation, Avenue Don Bosco 8, 1150 Brussels, Belgium.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30269 Ordonez
Sotomayor, Jose; Stupp, Paul W.; Monteith, Richard S.
Female sterilization in Ecuador: characteristics and impact on
fertility, 1979-1989. [La esterilizacion femenina en el Ecuador:
caracteristicas e impacto en la fecundidad, 1979-1989.] Aug 1992. 48
pp. Centro de Estudios de Poblacion y Paternidad Responsable [CEPAR]:
Quito, Ecuador. In Spa.
Levels and trends in female sterilization
in Ecuador are examined for the period 1979-1989. The focus is on
acceptor characteristics and the overall impact on the fertility
decline. Data are from fertility surveys conducted in 1979 and
1989.
Correspondence: J. Ordonez Sotomayor, Centro de
Estudios de Poblacion y Paternidad Responsable, Montes 423 y Daniel
Hidalgo, Casilla 17-01-2327, Quito, Ecuador. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30270 Pleck,
Joseph H.; Sonenstein, Freya L.; Ku, Leighton. Changes in
adolescent males' use of and attitudes toward condoms, 1988-1991.
Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 3, May-Jun 1993. 106-10, 117
pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Data from more than 1,000 sexually
active young males interviewed in 1988 for the [U.S.] National Survey
of Adolescent Males at ages 15-19 and reinterviewed in 1990-1991 at
ages 17-22 show that as the respondents grew older, their condom use
declined. Although respondents' attitudes about the effects of condoms
on pregnancy risk, partner appreciation, sexual pleasure and
embarrassment became more favorable toward condom use over time, their
degree of worry about AIDS and their perceived likelihood of getting
AIDS declined....Change in condom use was also affected by change in
perceived reduction in sexual pleasure and by female partner's
appreciation of condom use."
Correspondence: J. H. Pleck,
Wellesley College, Center for Research on Women, Wellesley, MA 02181.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30271 Prakasam,
C. P.; Murthy, P. K. Couple's literacy level and
acceptance of family planning methods: Lorenz curve analysis.
Journal of Institute of Economic Research, Vol. 27, No. 1, Jan 1992.
1-11 pp. Dharwad, India. In Eng.
"An attempt has been made in this
paper to find out the influence of husband and wife literacy levels on
acceptance of family planning methods in Indian States. To achieve the
above objective, data regarding the acceptance of family planning by
level of literacy of husband and wife have been collected from the
[1990] Family Welfare Yearbook...and the [1989] report brought out by
the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare....It is evident that the
level of literacy of the women is a key factor for the acceptance of
male or female methods of family planning."
Correspondence:
C. P. Prakasam, International Institute for Population Sciences,
Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Bombay 400 088, India. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30272 Puffer,
Ruth R. Family planning issues relating to maternal and
infant mortality in the United States. Bulletin of the Pan
American Health Organization, Vol. 27, No. 2, 1993. 120-34 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This article provides a brief summary of
the situation in the United States with regard to maternal mortality,
abortion, and infant mortality. It then considers preventive actions
available for reducing maternal and infant mortality and examines the
prospects for reducing the frequency of abortions through family
planning." Comparisons made with Sweden show that "the rates of
unplanned pregnancy, abortion, and infant mortality were all much
higher in the United States than in Sweden. The differences are
attributed to better contraceptive services, which were made available
free or very inexpensively in Sweden. Also, the frequency of low
weight births was much lower in Sweden."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30273 Rajaretnam,
T.; Deshpande, R. V. Popularizing spacing methods of
family planning in rural areas: the perception of programme personnel
and the community in Karnataka. Journal of Institute of Economic
Research, Vol. 27, No. 1, Jan 1992. 25-34 pp. Dharwad, India. In Eng.
"In this study an attempt has been made to identify the possible
factors inhibiting the use of spacing methods through a field
investigation in the rural areas of northern Karnataka [India] by
interviewing both programme personnel and the community (leaders and
couples). This paper presents the salient findings and policy
implications of the study....The specific objectives of the study were:
(i) to assess the perception and experiences of the programme
personnel, from district level to grassroots level, about popularizing
spacing methods of family planning in the rural areas; (ii) to
understand the community leaders' knowledge about spacing methods and
their perception regarding couples accepting them; and (iii) to study
the knowledge, attitude and practice of different family planning
methods by couples...in the villages."
Correspondence: T.
Rajaretnam, Population Research Centre, Dharwad 580 004, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30274 Ringheim,
Karin. Factors that determine prevalence of use of
contraceptive methods for men. Studies in Family Planning, Vol.
24, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1993. 87-99 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The
20-year history of social science research on male contraceptive
methods is examined here in terms of the human and method factors
related to the acceptability of hypothetical methods and the prevalence
of use of existing methods. New male methods, particularly if
reversible, may alter men's willingness to accept or share
responsibility for the control of fertility. Research opportunities in
the areas of gender, decisionmaking, communication, health education,
and service delivery will be enhanced when methods for women and men
are comparable."
Correspondence: K. Ringheim, World Health
Organization, Special Programme of Research, Development and Research
Training in Human Reproduction, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30275 Roizen,
Judith; Gyaneshwar, Rajat; Roizen, Zoe. Where is the
planning in family planning? Fiji after three decades of family
planning programmes. Demographic Report, No. 3, 1992. 60 pp.
University of the South Pacific, Population Studies Programme: Suva,
Fiji. In Eng.
"The present report...is based on an analysis of data
on knowledge, and practice of family planning in Fiji. This data was
collected in a survey...in 1987 and the findings are compared with
those of the Fiji Fertility Survey in 1974 as well as the Annual
Reports of the Ministry of Health between 1974 and 1988....It has
become increasingly clear from analysis based on census and other data
that the fertility transition in Fiji has not been a very gradual
process and that there are very significant differences in the level,
pattern and trend of fertility of the main ethnic components of the
population, the Fijians and the Indians. Moreover, the precise role of
a large variety of determinants of fertility, but particularly that of
family planning on fertility change in Fiji is largely unknown. This
report sheds some additional light on changes in knowledge and practice
of family planning since the Family Planning Programme started in the
1960's."
Correspondence: University of the South Pacific,
Population Studies Programme, POB 1168, Suva, Fiji. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30276 Rwanda.
Office National de la Population (Kigali, Rwanda). A study
on traditional contraception in Rwanda. [Etude sur la
contraception traditionnelle au Rwanda.] Aug 1991. 62 pp. Kigali,
Rwanda. In Fre.
This is a study on the knowledge, attitude, and
practice of contraception in a traditional society in Rwanda, based on
anthropological data gathered during 1984-1985. The emphasis is on
traditional methods of fertility control and their contemporary
relevance. The results indicate that although methods of controlling
fertility are known and practiced in Rwanda, they are appropriate only
for the pro-natalist conditions that existed in the past. Current
problems caused by rapid population growth require the introduction and
development of modern contraceptive methods that are more effective and
easier to use than traditional ones.
Correspondence: Office
National de la Population, B.P. 914, Kigali, Rwanda. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30277 Samuels,
Sarah E.; Smith, Mark D. Dimensions of new contraceptives.
Norplant and poor women. ISBN 0-944525-11-3. 1992. xv, 123 pp.
Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation: Menlo Park, California. In Eng.
This publication is the product of a two-day forum on Norplant and
low-income women, held in November 1991. "The six papers collected in
this book address what forum participants considered [to be] the most
critical issues surrounding long-acting contraceptives: the impact of
this form of birth control on the health of poor women, the threat of
coercion, the great need to evaluate societal and medical effects of
long-term contraceptives, and the ways in which this new contraceptive
fits into the development of other new devices." The geographical
focus is on the United States.
Correspondence: Henry J.
Kaiser Family Foundation, 2400 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30278 Severy,
Lawrence J.; Thapa, Shyam; Askew, Ian; Glor, Jeffrey E.
Menstrual experiences and beliefs: a multicountry study of
relationships with fertility and fertility regulating methods.
Women and Health, Vol. 20, No. 2, 1993. 1-20 pp. Binghamton, New York.
In Eng.
The authors investigate women's experiences and beliefs
about menstruation, with a focus on how such information can be used in
the development of fertility regulating methods and family planning
program educational activities. The relationship between women's
perceptions and factors such as choice of contraceptive method and
number of prior pregnancies is discussed. Data are from a WHO study
conducted in ten countries from 1973 to
1980.
Correspondence: L. J. Severy, University of Florida,
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, 353 Little Hall, Gainesville, FL
32611. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30279 Shah, Iqbal
H.; Qiu, Shu-hua; Liu, Yun-rong; Zhang, Li-ying. Dynamics
of contraceptive use in rural Jiangsu, China. In: Fertility in
China. Proceedings of the International Seminar on China's In-Depth
Fertility Survey, Beijing, February 13-17, 1990. 1991. 327-47 pp.
International Statistical Institute [ISI]: Voorburg, Netherlands. In
Eng.
"Using data from a representative sample of ever-married women
living in rural areas of Jiangsu Province [China] in 1986, this paper
investigates the patterns and dynamics of contraceptive use among
currently married women. The prevalence of contraceptive use in rural
Jiangsu was 93% among these women. IUD and tubal ligation were the two
most widely used methods; by 44% and 34% respectively, of all
users."
Correspondence: I. H. Shah, World Health
Organization, Special Programme of Research, Development and Research
Training in Human Reproduction, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30280 Srikantan,
K. Sivaswamy; Mulay, Sanjeevanee; Radkar, Anjali.
Correlates of family planning acceptance: a multivariate
analysis. Artha Vijnana, Vol. 34, No. 2, Jun 1992. 163-81 pp.
Pune, India. In Eng.
A multivariate generalized linear model is
developed to analyze the correlates of family planning acceptance in
India using data from the 1980 National Fertility and Mortality Survey,
undertaken in Maharashtra. "Variables such as caste, education, number
of living sons, [and] number of living children have been included in
the analysis. The application of the model revealed that the existing
number of children/son has a closer association with acceptance of
contraception rather than the education or caste
variables."
Correspondence: K. S. Srikantan, 390 19th Main
Road, First Block, Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore 560 010, India.
Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington,
D.C.
59:30281 Taha, Taha
El Tahir. Family planning practice in Central Sudan.
Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 37, No. 5, Sep 1993. 685-9 pp.
Tarrytown, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Community and
hospital based studies were conducted to assess the major factors
related to the practice of family planning during 1989 and 1990 in
Central Sudan. The mothers of 1,592 births in the community and 1,357
births in the hospital were interviewed by trained study workers.
Prevalence of contraceptive use prior to current pregnancy was 13.0%
and knowledge of a family planning method was 43.0% among hospital
women and 51.0% among community women. The major predictors of use of
a family planning method were parity, socioeconomic status, knowledge
of source of service and maternal age. The average completed family
size was 7.7 children and with the exception of a lengthy breast
feeding duration, the factors examined favored a high
fertility."
Correspondence: T. E. T. Taha, Johns Hopkins
University/MOH Research Project, P.O. Box 1131, Blantyre, Malawi.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
59:30282 Tanfer,
Koray; Hyle, Patricia D. Determinants and effects of
waiting time to coitus. Social Biology, Vol. 39, No. 3-4,
Fall-Winter 1992. 183-202 pp. Port Angeles, Washington. In Eng.
"This study provides a formal test of the hypothesis that an
increase in the courtship period (i.e., waiting time to intercourse)
increases the likelihood that a couple will discuss contraception and
use it at first intercourse. The data analyzed are from personal
interviews with 1,314 women aged 20-29 in the 1983 National Survey of
Unmarried Women. The results are mixed about the effect of waiting time
on contraceptive behavior, providing weak support for the hypothesis,
but also elucidating individual and relative characteristics of the
couples, such as age and education of the respective partners, that
affected contraceptive behavior at first intercourse."
This is a
revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1991 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: K. Tanfer, Battelle Health and
Population Research Center, 4000 N.E. 41st Street, Seattle, WA 98105.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30283 Trussell,
James; Stewart, Felicia; Potts, Malcolm; Guest, Felicia; Ellertson,
Charlotte. Should oral contraceptives be available without
prescription? American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 83, No. 8,
Aug 1993. 1,094-9 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"In this paper, it
is argued that oral contraceptives should be available without
prescription....After a review and evaluation of the reasons for strict
medical control of oral contraceptives in the United States, safety
concerns anticipated in response to the proposal discussed here are
addressed. Also, concerns that prescription status is necessary for
efficacious use are evaluated. It is concluded that neither safety nor
efficacy considerations justify prescription status for oral
contraceptives....Several alternatives to providing oral contraceptives
by prescription with current package design and labeling and selling
them over the counter are suggested; the proposals discussed would make
these safe and effective contraceptives easier to obtain and to
use."
Correspondence: J. Trussell, Princeton University,
Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue, Princeton, NJ
08544-2091. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
59:30284 Ulrich,
Ralf. Unmet need for family planning in developing
countries. [Ungedeckter Bedarf an Familienplanungsleistungen in
Entwicklungslandern.] In: Vortrage auf den Tagungen des Arbeitskreises
"Demographie der Entwicklungslander" der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur
Bevolkerungswissenschaft in Kiedrich und in Bielefeld. 1992. 37-57 pp.
Bundesinstitut fur Bevolkerungsforschung: Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger.
The author examines unmet need for family planning in developing
countries. Theoretical aspects of the relationship between the desire
for children and fertility decline are first reviewed. Various
concepts of unmet need are then discussed, and their methodological
implications and limits are considered. Data from the Demographic and
Health Surveys for Ghana, Kenya, Thailand, and Trinidad and Tobago are
assessed.
Correspondence: R. Ulrich, Universitat-GH
Paderborn, FB 5, Warburger Strasse 100, 4790 Paderborn, Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30285 Vaughan,
Barbara; Chen, Runtian; Jia, Tongjing. Current
contraceptive status of Chinese women--characteristics and
determinants. In: Fertility in China. Proceedings of the
International Seminar on China's In-Depth Fertility Survey, Beijing,
February 13-17, 1990. 1991. 301-14 pp. International Statistical
Institute [ISI]: Voorburg, Netherlands. In Eng.
Levels and trends
in contraceptive use among women in China are examined using data from
the 1985 and 1987 phases of the In-Depth Fertility Survey. Three models
are constructed. The independent variables considered include "age,
duration of marriage, co-residence with husband's parents, educational
level, children ever born and their sex, fertility preference as well
as signing of the one child certificate."
Correspondence:
B. Vaughan, Princeton University, Office of Population Research, 21
Prospect Avenue, Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30286 Verkuyl,
Douwe A. A. Two world religions and family planning.
Lancet, Vol. 342, No. 8869, Aug 21, 1993. 473-5 pp. Baltimore,
Maryland/London, England. In Eng.
The author examines the impact of
the religious teachings of the Roman Catholic Church and Islam on the
well-being of people in developing countries. It is noted that the
church provides health care in many parts of the world, and that its
"powerful position prevents effective access to reliable
contraception....The policies of the [Catholic] and Islamic leaders
cause most suffering where people are poorest. The anti-contraceptive
propaganda highlights the side-effects, although these are
infinitesimal compared with the risks of pregnancy." Activities being
undertaken by gynecologists and midwives from the third world to change
the positions of religious authorities are
described.
Correspondence: D. A. A. Verkuyl, United
Bulawayo Hospitals, P.O. Box 958, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
59:30287 Wilkinson,
Marilyn I.; Njogu, Wamucii; Abderrahim, Noureddine. The
availability of family planning and maternal and child health
services. DHS Comparative Studies, No. 7, Jun 1993. vi, 67 pp.
Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]: Columbia,
Maryland. In Eng.
This report presents information on the
availability of family planning and maternal and child health services
in 11 countries that participated in the first round of the Demographic
and Health Surveys (DHS) Program. "Section two of this report
describes the DHS service availability questionnaire, examines
variations in the way the questionnaire was implemented in different
countries, and discusses problems regarding the service availability
data. Section three presents community-level service availability
information. Sections four and five examine the availability of family
planning and health services." The countries concerned are Burundi,
Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Guatemala, Thailand,
Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, and Zimbabwe.
Correspondence: Macro
International, Demographic and Health Surveys, 8850 Stanford Boulevard,
Suite 4000, Columbia, MD 21045. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:30288 Zaki,
Khalida P.; Johnson, Nan E. The rural-urban difference in
contraceptive use in Pakistan: the effects of women's literacy and
desired fertility. Working Papers on Women in International
Development, No. 232, Jul 1992. 16 pp. Michigan State University, Women
and International Development Program: East Lansing, Michigan. In Eng.
Data for this study are from the 1984-1985 Pakistan Contraceptive
Prevalence Survey.
Correspondence: Michigan State
University, Women and International Development Program, 202
International Center, East Lansing, MI 48824-1035. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30289 Grimes,
David A.; Mishell, Daniel R.; Speroff, Leon. Contraceptive
choices for women with medical problems. American Journal of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol. 168, No. 6, Pt. 2, Jun 1993.
1,979-2,048 pp. Mosby: St. Louis, Missouri. In Eng.
These are the
proceedings of a symposium held at Rancho Mirage, California, May 7-10,
1992, on contraception for women with medical problems including
"diabetes, epilepsy, hypertension, migraine headaches,
hypercholesterolemia, leiomyomata uteri, and psychiatric disorders.
Special considerations in contraception selection for these women
include the potential effect of their condition on pregnancy (and vice
versa), the potential impact of a contraceptive method on their
condition, and the potential pharmacologic interactions of medications
and contraceptive agents." The geographical focus is on the United
States.
Correspondence: Mosby, 11830 Westline Industrial
Drive, St. Louis, MO 63146-3318. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:30290 Kaufman,
Joan. The cost of IUD failure in China. Studies in
Family Planning, Vol. 24, No. 3, May-Jun 1993. 194-6 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"During several recent trips to China between May
1990 and October 1991, I discussed with Chinese family planning
officials some recently identified, serious problems with the use of
IUDs in China. This commentary describes those problems." The focus
is on the cost of IUD failure in terms of both abortions performed and
women's health.
Correspondence: J. Kaufman, Abt Associates,
55 Wheeler Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:30291 Trussell,
James; Strickler, Jennifer; Vaughan, Barbara.
Contraceptive efficacy of the diaphragm, the sponge and the
cervical cap. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 3,
May-Jun 1993. 100-5, 135 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"A
reanalysis of data from two [U.S.] clinical studies--in which 1,439
women were randomly assigned to use either contraceptive sponge or the
diaphragm and 1,394 women were randomly assigned to use either the
cervical cap or the diaphragm--found first-year probabilities of
failure during typical use of 17% for the sponge, 18% for the cervical
cap and 13-17% for the diaphragm. The first-year probabilities of
failure during perfect use are 11-12% for the sponge, 10-13% for the
cervical cap and 4-8% for the diaphragm. The probability of failure
during perfect use is significantly higher among women who have given
birth than among those who have not for users of the sponge (19-21% vs.
9-10%) and users of the cervical cap (26-27% vs. 8-10%), but not for
users of the diaphragm." The studies were conducted during the
1980s.
Correspondence: J. Trussell, Princeton University,
Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue, Princeton, NJ
08544-2091. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30292 Cho, Nam
Hoon; Hong, Moon Sik; Seo, Moon Hee. Analysis of factors
contributing to fertility decline in Korea. Journal of Population,
Health and Social Welfare, Vol. 12, No. 1, Jul 1992. 208-27 pp. Seoul,
Korea, Republic of. In Eng. with sum. in Kor.
"The main purpose of
this study is...to identify the structural and causal factors that
contributed to the fall in fertility [in South Korea] over the last
three decades, in an effort to formulate future population policy
directions and strategies. The two methods used for the study were:
the standardization approach to examine the structural factors on
fertility decline, and the Bongaarts model to measure the effects of
the proximate variables in fertility
decline."
Correspondence: N. H. Cho, Korea Institute for
Health and Social Affairs, San 42-14, Bulgwang-dong, Eunpyung-ku, Seoul
122-040, Republic of Korea. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
59:30293 Goodkind,
Daniel. Estimates of averted Chinese births, 1971-1990:
comparisons of fertility decline, family planning policy, and
development in six Confucian societies. Working Papers in
Demography, No. 38, 1992. 20 pp. Australian National University,
Research School of Social Sciences: Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
The author attempts to estimate the number of births averted due to
antinatalist policies in China over the past two decades by examining
fertility in other countries with large Chinese populations where there
are no such policies. He concludes that "the most likely number of
policy-averted births in China between 1971 and 1990 was about 110
million, an estimate lying within an informal 'confidence interval' of
45 million."
Correspondence: Australian National
University, Research School of Social Sciences, P.O. Box 4, Canberra,
ACT 2601, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30294 Huntington,
Dale; Schuler, Sidney R. The simulated client method:
evaluating client-provider interactions in family planning
clinics. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 24, No. 3, May-Jun 1993.
187-93 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The authors review the
simulated client method, which "essentially consists of sending women
to a family planning service provider to request information, and
interviewing them after the encounter....[The paper] begins with a
brief background section that highlights the importance of studying
provider-client/patient interactions and presents a theoretical
framework for interpreting them. That is followed by a description of
the method, based on the authors' experiences with it in a variety of
settings. Different versions of the simulated client method are then
suggested, and ethical considerations are
discussed."
Correspondence: D. Huntington, Population
Council, Dakar, Senegal. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
59:30295 Mulay,
Sanjeevanee; Balasubramanian, K. The performance of
non-governmental organizations in family planning and MCH in
Maharashtra State. Artha Vijnana, Vol. 34, No. 2, Jun 1992. 209-31
pp. Pune, India. In Eng.
"This paper presents the findings of an
evaluation study of three projects on family planning and health
undertaken by three non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in
Maharashtra State....[It] identifies various factors which determine
the performance of a particular NGO and highlights how voluntary
organizations, in general, can play a useful role for the promotion of
family welfare and maternal and child health programmes in
India."
Correspondence: S. Mulay, Gokhale Institute of
Politics and Economics, Pune 411 004, India. Location: World
Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.
59:30296 Vaughan,
Barbara; Fei, Shihong. Evaluation of contraception
effectiveness of Chinese women. In: Fertility in China.
Proceedings of the International Seminar on China's In-Depth Fertility
Survey, Beijing, February 13-17, 1990. 1991. 293-300 pp. International
Statistical Institute [ISI]: Voorburg, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Using
data from the second phase [conducted in China in 1987] of the In-Depth
Fertility Survey, this article analyzes and evaluates the effectiveness
of contraceptive use of Chinese women in order to provide a reliable
basis for carrying out the family planning program in
future."
Correspondence: B. Vaughan, Princeton University,
Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue, Princeton, NJ
08544-2091. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30297 Chen,
Ping. Micro simulation study of procreation demand and its
influence on fertility. In: Fertility in China. Proceedings of
the International Seminar on China's In-Depth Fertility Survey,
Beijing, February 13-17, 1990. 1991. 65-72 pp. International
Statistical Institute [ISI]: Voorburg, Netherlands. In Eng.
Data
from the China In-Depth Fertility Survey of 1985 and 1987 are used to
analyze attitudinal effects on fertility using a micro-simulation
computer model. The results indicate that fertility is under control
in urban Shanghai but that in the rural areas of Shaanxi and Hebei
provinces, actual fertility is above desired fertility. The author
notes that if sex preferences in these provinces were to be satisfied,
fertility would increase.
Correspondence: P. Chen, Chinese
Academy of Social Sciences, Population Research Institute, 5 Jianguomen
Nei Da Jie 5 Hao, Beijing, China. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:30298 De Silva,
W. Indralal. Influence of son preference on the
contraceptive use and fertility of Sri Lankan women. Journal of
Biosocial Science, Vol. 25, No. 3, Jul 1993. 319-31 pp. Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
"The effect of moderate son preference on family
size is analyzed using data from the 1982 Sri Lanka Contraceptive
Prevalence Survey whose respondents were followed-up in the 1985 Sri
Lanka Contraceptive Survey. Reported reproductive intentions on desire
for additional children were not always reflected in overall
contraceptive use. Complicating factors were the use of modern and
traditional methods and the role of induced abortion....This analysis
suggests that son preference finds expression more through reproductive
intentions than through actual fertility behaviour in the follow-up
period."
Correspondence: W. I. De Silva, University of
Colombo, Demographic Training and Research Unit, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30299 Ezeh, Alex
C. The influence of spouses over each other's
contraceptive attitudes in Ghana. Studies in Family Planning, Vol.
24, No. 3, May-Jun 1993. 163-74 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"To
what extent do spouses influence each other's reproductive goals? This
question was investigated in Ghana with particular reference to family
planning attitudes. Two mechanisms were identified as plausible
explanations for why an individual's characteristics may affect a
partner's beliefs and behavior. Quantitative evidence from the Ghana
Demographic and Health Survey and qualitative information from
focus-group research in Ghana were used in the analysis. Results from
both data sources show that spousal influence, rather than being mutual
or reciprocal, is an exclusive right exercised only by the husband.
The study attributed the limited impact of family planning programs in
Ghana and most of sub-Saharan Africa to the continued neglect of men as
equal targets of such programs."
Correspondence: A. C.
Ezeh, University of Pennsylvania, Population Studies Center, 3718
Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:30300 Forrest,
Katherine A.; Austin, David M.; Valdes, M. Isabel; Fuentes, Efrain G.;
Wilson, Sandra R. Exploring norms and beliefs related to
AIDS prevention among California Hispanic men. Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 3, May-Jun 1993. 111-7 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"A focus-group study gathered qualitative information
from Hispanic males in California regarding ethnic factors that might
enhance or interfere with AIDS prevention efforts. A predominantly
working-class convenience sample of 75 men aged 18-40 participated in
seven groups....Three groups were composed of single men, three of
married men and one was composed of homosexual and bisexual
men....Evaluation of the discussions indicates that while AIDS
awareness is high among this population, condom use is
sporadic....Although many participants thought HIV could be transmitted
through casual contact, the homosexual and bisexual men were more
likely to acknowledge that they were at some risk of infection; most of
the heterosexual men did not perceive themselves as being at risk, even
those who engaged in sex with prostitutes or women they met at bars.
The participants had ambivalent attitudes toward women who suggested
condom use and were often reluctant to initiate condom use
themselves."
Correspondence: K. A. Forrest, American
Institutes for Research, Institute for Health Care Research, Palo Alto,
CA. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30301 Islam, M.
Nurul; Rahman, M. Mujibur. Client satisfaction with
sterilization procedure in Bangladesh. Asia-Pacific Population
Journal, Vol. 8, No. 1, Mar 1993. 39-52 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"This study examines the level of satisfaction of sterilized
clients and identifies the causes of dissatisfaction. About 90 per cent
of the vasectomy clients and 95 per cent of the tubectomy clients were
found to be satisfied with their decision to undergo sterilization.
Only a small minority regretted their decision. The major factors
behind the recent decline in sterilization acceptance include the
programmatic shift in service delivery, a deficiency in the supply of
services, strengthening of the community-based service-delivery system
and the elimination of referral fees, among
others."
Correspondence: M. N. Islam, University of Dhaka,
Department of Statistics, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30302 Khan, M.
Mahmud; Magnani, Robert J.; Mock, Nancy B.; Saadat, Yusuf S.
Costs of rearing children in agricultural economies: an
alternative estimation approach and findings from rural
Bangladesh. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, Vol. 8, No. 1, Mar
1993. 19-38 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"This study proposes an
alternative method of estimating time costs in traditional agricultural
economies. The empirical results indicate higher child costs in
absolute terms for landless farm and rich households compared with
middle-income households. As a proportion of total household income,
however, total child care costs are approximately five times greater
for landless farm households than for the most affluent group.
Further, both the relative and absolute levels of child costs for all
household categories are much lower than is observed in more developed
economies. The article concludes that the low cost of child-rearing
contributes to continued high fertility levels in low-income countries
such as Bangladesh."
Correspondence: M. M. Khan, Tulane
University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department
of Health Systems Management, International Health Academic Program,
New Orleans, LA 70118. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30303 Njie,
Sering F.; Askew, Ian; Tall, Aboubacry; Tapsoba, Placide.
The Gambia: influence of religious leaders on contraceptive
acceptance. Jan 1993. 11 pp. Save the Children: Banjul, Gambia;
Population Council, Africa Operations Research and Technical Assistance
Project: New York, New York. In Eng.
"This study reports on a
project that sought to gain the support of village-level religious
leaders (imams) in actively promoting better maternal and child health
practices, including birth spacing, among Muslim women in the North
Bank region of Gambia."
Correspondence: Population Council,
One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30304 Rahman,
Mizanur; DaVanzo, Julie. Gender preference and birth
spacing in Matlab, Bangladesh. Demography, Vol. 30, No. 3, Aug
1993. 315-32 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"We examine and compare
gender-preference effects on fertility in two otherwise comparable
populations in Bangladesh that differ markedly in their access to and
use of contraception. We expect, and find, stronger effects of gender
preference in the population that has more access to contraception and
higher levels of contraceptive use. Thus gender preference may emerge
as a significant barrier to further national family planning efforts in
Bangladesh. We find that if a woman has a least one daughter, the risk
of a subsequent birth is related negatively to the number of sons.
Women with no daughters also experience a higher risk of having a
subsequent birth; this finding suggests that there is also some
preference for daughters. Son preference is strong in both the early
and later stages of family formation, but women also want to have at
least one daughter after having several sons."
This is a revised
version of a paper originally presented at the 1991 Annual Meeting of
the Population Association of America.
Correspondence: M.
Rahman, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30305 Renne,
Elisha P. Condom use and the popular press in
Nigeria. Health Transition Review, Vol. 3, No. 1, Apr 1993. 41-56
pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"This paper examines attitudes
toward condoms and their portrayal in the popular press in the
Yoruba-speaking area of southwestern Nigeria. Through these everyday
exposures, as well as through informal discussion, not only is
information about condoms relayed, but their use is made more
culturally acceptable. References to condoms in the popular press
contribute to the information of a popular consciousness which, along
with factors of availability and education, support increased condom
use in southwestern Nigeria...."
Correspondence: E. P.
Renne, Australian National University, National Centre for Epidemiology
and Population Health, Health Transition Centre, Canberra, ACT 0200,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30306 Sayed,
Hussein A.-A.; El-Zanaty, Fatma H.; Cross, Anne R. Egypt
Male Survey, 1991. Dec 1992. xv, 113, [9] pp. Cairo Demographic
Centre: Cairo, Egypt; Macro International, Demographic and Health
Surveys [DHS]: Columbia, Maryland. In Eng. with sum. in Ara.
Results are presented from a 1991 Egyptian survey on men's
knowledge, attitudes, and practice of family planning. The emphasis is
on men's role in initiating contraceptive usage and ensuring its
continuation in a region of conservative attitudes toward such matters.
The survey was conducted in rural Upper Egypt, with a sample included
of Cairo men for comparative purposes. The results confirm the key
role that husbands play in a couple's decision to practice family
planning in Egypt. They also indicate that although attitudes and
behavior are more conservative in Upper Egypt than in Cairo, there have
been significant changes in contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, and
behavior among men since 1980. The survey results "on fertility and
family planning attitudes suggest that the basis for a continuing
reproductive revolution exists among husbands as well as wives in all
areas in Egypt, including rural Upper Egypt, which has changed more
slowly than other areas in Egypt."
Correspondence: Macro
International, Demographic and Health Surveys, 8850 Stanford Boulevard,
Suite 4000, Columbia, MD 21045. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:30307 Skretowicz,
Biruta. Determining fertility behavior using path
analysis. [Determinanty dzietnosci dotychczasowej w swietle
analizy sciezki.] Wiadomosci Statystyczne, Vol. 38, No. 4, 1993. 4-10
pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng.
In order to examine
factors influencing the perception of ideal family size in Poland, "the
present paper discusses path models, which explain a central
reproductive behaviour category i.e. the actual number of
children....[The author finds that] the image of the ideal family size
directly influences the existing number of children. Path coefficients
show that the increase of the ideal number of children by one standard
deviation is associated with the increase of actual family size by
approximately one third standard deviation of this explanatory
variable." Other variables considered include parental influence,
rural or urban residence, educational status, age at marriage,
religion, and quality of life.
Correspondence: B.
Skretowicz, Instytut Medycyny Wsi im Witolda Chodzki, ul. Jaczew skiego
2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
59:30308 Xu, Gang;
Yu, Jingwei. An analysis of fertility preferences of
Chinese women. In: Fertility in China. Proceedings of the
International Seminar on China's In-Depth Fertility Survey, Beijing,
February 13-17, 1990. 1991. 177-86 pp. International Statistical
Institute [ISI]: Voorburg, Netherlands. In Eng.
Fertility
preferences among women in China are analyzed using data from both
rounds of the In-Depth Fertility Survey of 1985 and 1987. Consideration
is given to fertility levels and rates, sex preference, desired family
size and the effect of the one-child policy, and urban and rural
differentials.
Correspondence: G. Xu, State Statistical
Bureau, Department of Population Statistics, Beijing, China.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30309 Avdeev,
Aleksandar. Providing alternatives to induced abortion in
the Soviet Union. [Osnovni zadachi na profilaktikata na
izkustveniya abort v SSSR.] Naselenie, Vol. 9, No. 3-4, 1991. 31-7 pp.
Sofia, Bulgaria. In Bul. with sum. in Eng.
The author examines
levels and trends in induced abortion in the former Soviet Union. The
focus is on the dissemination of contraceptive methods as a preventive
measure.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30310 Cai,
Wen-mei; Zhou, Xiou-Zheng; Li, Qiang. An analysis of
social factors affecting abortion in China. In: Fertility in
China. Proceedings of the International Seminar on China's In-Depth
Fertility Survey, Beijing, February 13-17, 1990. 1991. 315-25 pp.
International Statistical Institute [ISI]: Voorburg, Netherlands. In
Eng.
Data from the In-Depth Fertility Survey conducted in China in
1985 and 1987 are used to analyze social factors affecting abortion
rates. The focus is on rural-urban
differentials.
Correspondence: W.-m. Cai, Peking
University, Institute of Population Research, Hai Dian, Beijing 100871,
China. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30311 Cook,
Elizabeth A.; Jelen, Ted G.; Wilcox, Clyde. Measuring
public attitudes on abortion: methodological and substantive
considerations. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 3,
May-Jun 1993. 118-21, 145 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Data
from a 1989 CBS News/New York Times survey are used to examine the
effect that the framing of questions on abortion has on estimates of
what proportions of the [U.S.] population support various legal
positions. The nationwide data and results from six state polls show
that general questions with only two or three options overestimate the
proportions of respondents who either favor a ban on all abortion or
who would allow abortion under all circumstances. Questions that pose
specific circumstances result in movement of respondents out of extreme
categories and into more moderate ones. Even respondents who indicate
they would favor abortion in all specific circumstances and those who
favor abortion in none are likely to moderate their views when asked if
they support restrictions that have been proposed in a number of
states."
Correspondence: E. A. Cook, American University,
4400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20016.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30312 Donnay,
France; Bregentzer, Angelique; Leemans, Patsy; Verougstraete, Anne;
Vekemans, Marcel. Safe abortions in an illegal context:
perceptions from service providers in Belgium. Studies in Family
Planning, Vol. 24, No. 3, May-Jun 1993. 150-62 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
"This study is a qualitative analysis of perceptions among
providers of safe abortion in Belgium before and after it was made
legal there [in April 1990]. The providers' personal, psychological,
and ethical reactions to abortion are investigated, as well as their
opinions on how their activities should be organized in order to
minimize problems. Standardized questionnaires with closed and open
questions were used; 143 questionnaires were completed. Emotional
reactions were reported as being the most difficult aspects of
practicing abortion."
Correspondence: F. Donnay, Centre
Hospitalier Cesar de Paepe, 11 rue des Alexiens, Brussels 1000,
Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30313 Henshaw,
Stanley K.; Van Vort, Jennifer. Abortion factbook, 1992
edition: readings, trends, and state and local data to 1988. ISBN
0-939253-07-0. LC 87-73492. 1992. 212 pp. Alan Guttmacher Institute:
New York, New York. In Eng.
"This book brings together in one
volume readings on abortion published in Family Planning Perspectives
between 1988 and early 1992, an Alan Guttmacher Institute (AGI)
fact-sheet on abortion, a description of the methodology used in the
fielding and analysis of the 1987-1988 AGI Abortion Provider Survey and
detailed abortion statistics, some going back to 1973 and all updated
to 1987-1988. This volume is the eighth in a series, the most recent
of which was published in 1988 and covered 1984-1985." The primary
geographical focus is on the United States.
Correspondence:
Alan Guttmacher Institute, 111 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30314 Huntington,
Dale; Mensch, Barbara; Toubia, Nahid. A new approach to
eliciting information about induced abortion. Studies in Family
Planning, Vol. 24, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1993. 120-4 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
"This article presents results of an experiment to collect
data on induced abortion in Cote d'Ivoire [Ivory Coast] within the
context of a family planning operations research study. First,
questions were employed to broach the topic of unwanted pregnancy in a
value-free manner, and then the potential for a variety of actions,
including abortion, was acknowledged. The results indicate that
approximately 25 percent of all women attending a family planning
clinic on the day of the survey had had an induced abortion. The use
of improved abortion-related questions shows promise for providing more
complete measurement of a neglected dimension of women's reproductive
health."
Correspondence: N. Toubia, Population Council, One
Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30315
International Planned Parenthood Federation [IPPF] (London,
England). Unsafe abortion: dialogue, overview, responses,
action. Planned Parenthood Challenges, No. 1993/1, 1993. [49] pp.
London, England. In Eng.
This is the first in a planned series that
"aims to be a catalyst for action...to raise awareness and stimulate
discussion on how the challenges of the 1990s can be met." This report
concerns unsafe abortion around the world. It includes brief
contributions from many authors, which suggest that women who need
abortions will have them, even if the procedure is illegal or unsafe.
The report also provides evidence to show that "it is a fallacy to
suggest that women will use abortion as a family planning method if
safe abortion services are offered to them: they will only do so if
they have no alternative."
Correspondence: International
Planned Parenthood Federation, Regent's College, Inner Circle, Regent's
Park, London NW1 4NS, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
59:30316 Marsiglio,
William; Shehan, Constance L. Adolescent males' abortion
attitudes: data from a national survey. Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1993. 162-9 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"This article uses data from the 1988 [U.S.] National
Survey of Adolescent Males (NSAM) to assess adolescent males' degree of
approval of abortion in a number of pregnancy-related scenarios, as
well as the likelihood that they will recommend abortion to resolve a
pregnancy when an unmarried male 'likes but does not love' his
partner." It is found that "roughly 13% of a nationally representative
sample of 1,880 15-19-year-old males approve of abortion in each of
eight circumstances presented to them, while about 4% disapprove in
every instance. The proportions agreeing that abortion is acceptable
range as high as 85-90% if the pregnancy endangers the woman's health
or results from rape. Any type of religious affiliation, especially
religious fundamentalism, is related to weaker support for abortion; an
even stronger correlate of abortion attitudes is the importance of
religion to the respondent."
Correspondence: W. Marsiglio,
University of Florida, Department of Sociology, 3219 Turlington Hall,
Gainesville, FL 32611. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30317 McLaren,
Angus. Illegal operations: women, doctors, and abortion,
1886-1939. Journal of Social History, Vol. 26, No. 4, Summer 1993.
797-816 pp. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"The main purpose of
this paper is to use legal sources to explore the decision to abort in
the last decades of the nineteenth and the early decades of the
twentieth century, an era in which the state and the professions took
an unprecedented interest in the fertility control decisions of
ordinary women and men. As the pressures to limit fertility increased
and recourse to abortion rose, the criminal nature of the act
necessarily tainted the relationships of women, men, doctors, and
magistrates....A subsidiary preoccupation of this paper is to
investigate the law-induced biases inherent in the sources which the
historian of abortion necessarily employs--the court records. The
study exploits...information generated by inquests and trials
concerning one hundred British Columbian women who, between 1886 and
1939, attempted to induced a miscarriage."
Correspondence:
A. McLaren, University of Victoria, Department of History, Victoria,
British Columbia V8W 3P4, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SH).
59:30318 Mensch,
Elizabeth; Freeman, Alan. The politics of virtue: is
abortion debatable? ISBN 0-8223-1331-6. LC 92-41302. 1993. x, 268
pp. Duke University Press: Durham, North Carolina/London, England. In
Eng.
The authors attempt an approach to the issue of abortion in
the United States that is based on theological sources. They first
examine the abortion controversy from a historical context, in which
there was a moral consensus on such issues as the evil of Nazism and
the virtue of the civil rights movement. They then explore two moral
traditions that affect attitudes toward abortion, the natural law
tradition and the Protestant ethical tradition, and discuss the
changing debate over abortion since the 1960s in light of this ethical
background. They describe how a secular approach to abortion was
successful in achieving the legalization of abortion under the rubric
of privacy. A final chapter looks at the prospects for compromise
between supporters and opponents of legal
abortion.
Correspondence: Duke University Press, Durham, NC
27706. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30319 Pongracz,
Marietta. The issue of induced abortions in Hungary,
1991. Materialien zur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, No. 75, 1992.
113-41 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany. In Eng.
Results of a public opinion
survey on abortion, conducted in Hungary in 1990, are presented. Some
comparisons with other countries in terms of legislation regulating the
procedure are included.
Correspondence: M. Pongracz,
Demographic Research Institute, Posta fio'k 78, 1364 Budapest, Hungary.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30320 Rothstein,
Donna S. An economic approach to abortion demand.
American Economist, Vol. 36, No. 1, Spring 1992. 53-64 pp. New York,
New York. In Eng.
"This paper uses econometric multiple regression
techniques in order to analyze the socioeconomic factors affecting the
demand for abortion for the year 1985. A cross-section of the 50
[U.S.] states and Washington D.C. is examined and a household choice
theoretical framework is utilized. The results suggest that average
price of abortion, disposable personal per capita income, percentage of
single women, whether abortions are state funded, unemployment rate,
divorce rate, and if the state is located in the far West, are
statistically significant factors in the determination of the demand
for abortion."
Correspondence: D. S. Rothstein, Cornell
University, New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations,
Ithaca, NY 14853. Location: Princeton University Library
(PF).
59:30321 Tribe,
Laurence H. Abortion: the clash of absolutes. ISBN
0-393-30956-8. LC 90-32205. 1992. xvi, 318 pp. W. W. Norton: New York,
New York/London, England. In Eng.
This book is about abortion law
in the United States. It "will explore the legal framework in which
the constitutional question of abortion rights must be decided. It
will trace the development of the constitutional law of privacy from
the Supreme Court's decisions of the 1920s about child rearing through
its abortion jurisprudence of the 1970s and 1980s. It will also look
at the implications of various competing constitutional theories for
the abortion question and how judicial responses to abortion affect the
fabric of other key constitutional
rights...."
Correspondence: W. W. Norton, 500 Fifth Avenue,
New York, NY 10110. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30322 Dankert,
Gabriele; Page, Hilary; Qian, Zhenchao; Yang, Rizhang.
Infant-feeding practices in Hebei, Shaanxi and Shanghai: is
breastfeeding declining or is it increasing? In: Fertility in
China. Proceedings of the International Seminar on China's In-Depth
Fertility Survey, Beijing, February 13-17, 1990. 1991. 365-403 pp.
International Statistical Institute [ISI]: Voorburg, Netherlands. In
Eng.
The authors analyze 1985 "data...from the first phase of
[China's] In-Depth Fertility Survey [and find that]...significant
declines in the incidence and duration of breastfeeding have been
occurring only in highly urbanized areas." Data concern Hebei and
Shaanxi provinces and the city of Shanghai.
Correspondence:
G. Dankert, International Statistical Institute, 428 Prinses
Beatrixlaan, 2270 AZ Voorburg, Netherlands. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30323 Edwards,
John N.; Fuller, Theodore D.; Sermsri, Santhat; Vorakitphokatorn,
Sairudee. Household crowding and reproductive
behavior. Social Biology, Vol. 39, No. 3-4, Fall-Winter 1992.
212-30 pp. Port Angeles, Washington. In Eng.
"In this paper, we
examine the effect of household crowding on marital sexual relations,
on desire for additional children, and on fetal and child loss in
Bangkok, Thailand, a city with a much wider range of household crowding
than is typically found in North America. In spite of the wider range,
and higher mean level of crowding, we find that both the objective and
subjective dimensions of crowding have only modest selective effects on
sexual and reproductive behavior."
Correspondence: J. N.
Edwards, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
Department of Sociology, Blacksburg, VA 24061. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30324 Laukaran,
Virginia H.; Labbok, Miriam H.; Millman, Sara; Kennedy, Kathy I.;
Visness, Cynthia M.; Bathija, Heli; Williamson, Nancy E.; Bracher,
Michael. Forum: breastfeeding and post-partum
contraception. Health Transition Review, Vol. 3, No. 1, Apr 1993.
97-115 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
This contribution consists
of three commentaries on an article by Michael Bracher entitled
"Breastfeeding, lactational infecundity, contraception and the spacing
of births: implications of the Bellagio Consensus Statement". A reply
by Bracher is included (pp. 109-13).
For the article by Bracher,
published in 1992, see 58:30346.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:30325 Marin,
Barbara V. O.; Gomez, Cynthia A.; Hearst, Norman. Multiple
heterosexual partners and condom use among Hispanics and non-Hispanic
whites. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 4, Jul-Aug
1993. 170-4 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This study was
designed to assess the prevalence of multiple partners and of condom
use with primary and secondary partners among Hispanics, compared with
non-Hispanic whites, and to determine if the sexual behavior of
Hispanics in the Northeast differs from that of those in the
Southwest." Using data from "a telephone survey of 1,592 Hispanic and
629 non-Hispanic white men and women aged 18-49, randomly selected from
nine states in the northeastern and southwestern United States, [the
authors] found that married Hispanic men are more likely to have had
two or more heterosexual partners in the previous 12 months than are
married non-Hispanic men (18% and 9% respectively). A large proportion
of unmarried men (60% of Hispanics and 54% of non-Hispanic whites)
report having had more than one partner in the past 12
months."
Correspondence: B. V. O. Marin, University of
California, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, San Francisco, CA
94110. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30326 Perez
Escamilla, Rafael; Dewey, Kathryn G. The epidemiology of
breast-feeding in rural and urban areas of Mexico. [Epidemiologia
de la lactancia materna en zonas rurales y urbanas de Mexico.] Boletin
de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana, Vol. 114, No. 5, May 1993.
399-406 pp. Washington, D.C. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"The present
article summarizes published and unpublished data on breast-feeding in
Mexico collected between 1958 and 1987. These data suggest that rates
of initiation of breast-feeding in Mexico (78-83%) are among the lowest
found in developing countries, that the median duration of
breast-feeding in 1987 was virtually the same as it was in 1976, and
that about half of all Mexican infants are not breast-fed beyond six
months of age. The finding that the duration of breast-feeding was
shortest in urban areas has important policy implications, since 72% of
the population lives in urban zones."
Correspondence: R.
Perez Escamilla, University of California, Department of Nutrition,
Davis, CA 95616. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30327 Popkin,
Barry M.; Guilkey, David K.; Akin, John S.; Adair, Linda S.; Udry, J.
Richard; Flieger, Wilhelm. Nutrition, lactation, and birth
spacing in Filipino women. Demography, Vol. 30, No. 3, Aug 1993.
333-52 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The Cebu Longitudinal Health
and Nutrition Survey is used to examine the roles of women's nutrition
and infant feeding in determining time from birth to menses and time
from menses to conception. The analysis sample includes 2,648 Filipino
women followed for 24 months postpartum. Recently devised statistical
estimation techniques to control for unobserved heterogeneity and
endogeneity are employed in estimating a two-state hazard model. Low
body mass index and lower dietary fat intake are associated with
increased duration of postpartum amenorrhea. Contraceptive use, high
dietary fat consumption, higher parity, and absence of spouse predict a
longer waiting time to conception once menses have returned.
Simulation of the hazard model is used to examine the effects of the
key nutrition and lactation factors."
Correspondence: B. M.
Popkin, University of North Carolina, Carolina Population Center, 123
West Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30328 Smith, Tom
W. Discrepancies between men and women in reporting number
of sexual partners: a summary from four countries. Social
Biology, Vol. 39, No. 3-4, Fall-Winter 1992. 203-11 pp. Port Angeles,
Washington. In Eng.
"Men and women in national surveys from four
countries, the United States, Canada, Great Britain, and Norway, give
mutually inconsistent reports of numbers of opposite-gender sexual
partners. In all cases the number of female partners reported by men
exceeds the number of male partners reported by women. Gender
difference in reporting bias seems to be the most plausible explanation
for the discrepancies."
Correspondence: T. W. Smith,
University of Chicago, National Opinion Research Center, Chicago, IL
60637. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30329 Swenson, I.
E.; Thang, N. M.; Tieu, P. X. Individual and community
characteristics influencing breastfeeding duration in Vietnam.
Annals of Human Biology, Vol. 20, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1993. 325-34 pp.
London, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
"This analysis of
selected community and maternal characteristics influencing duration of
breastfeeding in Vietnam utilized data from the 1988 Demographic and
Health Survey and 1990 Accessibility of Contraceptives Survey available
for the 4,434 children born to 2,769 women having their last birth
between 1983-88....Breastfeeding duration was longer among the more
highly educated women and among those women living in provinces with
higher infant mortality. However, there were no significant
differences in the duration of breastfeeding with variations among
certain development characteristics of the village....There were no
significant variations in the duration of breastfeeding by age of the
mother, birth order or gender of the child. Although there were
significant variations in duration of breastfeeding by some maternal
and community characteristics, between 80-90 per cent of all women
breastfeed for at least the first year of the child's
life."
Correspondence: I. E. Swenson, University of North
Carolina, School of Nursing, CB #7460, 447 Carrington Hall, Chapel
Hill, NC 27599-7460. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30330 Tu,
Ping. Breast-feeding patterns and correlates in
Shaanxi. In: Fertility in China. Proceedings of the International
Seminar on China's In-Depth Fertility Survey, Beijing, February 13-17,
1990. 1991. 349-63 pp. International Statistical Institute [ISI]:
Voorburg, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The purpose of this paper is to
present a detailed analysis of the current breast-feeding patterns and
correlates in Shaanxi Province, a less developed inland province of
China...using...1985 In-Depth Fertility Survey (Phase I) data....It
also examines the change in breast-feeding practice after the
introduction of the One-Child Policy...."
Correspondence:
P. Tu, Peking University, Institute of Population Research, Hai Dian,
Beijing 100871, China. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
59:30331
VanLandingham, Mark J.; Suprasert, Somboon; Sittitrai, Werasit;
Vaddhanaphuti, Chayan; Grandjean, Nancy. Sexual activity
among never-married men in northern Thailand. Demography, Vol. 30,
No. 3, Aug 1993. 297-313 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"We use data
collected in 1991 to investigate sexual activity among never-married
men in Thailand, with a focus on age at first intercourse,
characteristics of sexual partners, and conditions under which men
visit prostitutes. We sampled men from a broad spectrum of northern
Thai society, including university undergraduates, soldiers, and
semiskilled/unskilled workers. We found that except for the students,
the majority of each subsample is sexually experienced; prostitutes are
the most common type of sexual partner for all groups. Alcohol
consumption is associated with several measures of sexual activity.
Condom use with prostitutes varies among the subsamples. Among men who
have both prostitute and nonprostitute partners, the majority of those
who do not use condoms with prostitutes also do not use condoms with
their nonprostitute partners. We consider the implications of these
results for the AIDS epidemic in Thailand."
This is a revised
version of a paper originally presented at the 1992 Annual Meeting of
the Population Association of America.
Correspondence: M.
J. VanLandingham, University of Washington, Center for Studies in
Demography and Ecology, Department of Sociology, DK-40, Seattle, WA
98195. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
59:30332 Weis,
Peter. The contraceptive potential of breastfeeding in
Bangladesh. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 24, No. 2, Mar-Apr
1993. 100-8 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"A consensus statement
issued...at the Bellagio conference in 1988 recommended that women
begin practicing contraception six months after childbirth or when
their menstrual cycle resumes, whichever occurs first. The question to
be resolved is whether this approach, known as the Bellagio mixed-t
strategy, should be adjusted to local patterns of lactational
amenorrhea. Data from interviews with 4,580 Bangladeshi women with a
currently open birth interval were analyzed with respect to the women's
current status of breastfeeding, amenorrhea, contraception, and
pregnancy. Pregnancies among breastfeeding, amenorrheic women occurred
only beyond 12 months postpartum, while some menstruating women were
observed to be pregnant from three months postpartum onward. The
results of this study give evidence that the Bellagio recommendation
can be best applied with country-specific adjustments. Bangladesh, for
example, could safely adopt a strategy with a 12-months' cutoff
point."
Correspondence: P. Weis, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur
Technische Zusammenarbeit, Health, Population and Nutrition Division,
P.O. Box 5180, D-6236 Eschborn, Germany. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:30333 An,
Chong-Bum; Haveman, Robert; Wolfe, Barbara. Teen
out-of-wedlock births and welfare receipt: the role of childhood
events and economic circumstances. Review of Economics and
Statistics, Vol. 75, No. 2, May 1993. 195-208 pp. Amsterdam,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"Using 20 years of longitudinal data on nearly
900 girls aged 0 to 6 in 1968 (19 to 25 in 1987) from the University of
Michigan's Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the authors measure the
influence of family background, individual characteristics, economic
resources (or the lack thereof), and the experience of particular
disruptive family events on the probability that a teenager will give
birth out of wedlock and subsequently apply for and receive
welfare....Among the many findings of the investigators is that teenage
daughters whose mothers have more education are less likely to give
birth out of wedlock, that teens whose mothers received welfare are
more likely to give birth out of wedlock and receive welfare
themselves, and that teens who grew up in a home experiencing stressful
events (e.g., parental separation, geographic moves) are more likely to
give birth out of wedlock."
Correspondence: C.-B. An,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
59:30334 Belcheva,
Mariya. Statistics on out-of-wedlock births in
Bulgaria. [Izvanbrachnite razhdaniya u nas v ogledaloto na
statistikata.] Naselenie, Vol. 9, No. 3-4, 1991. 11-21 pp. Sofia,
Bulgaria. In Bul. with sum. in Eng.
The influence of maternal
characteristics on extramarital fertility in Bulgaria is examined.
"The analysis makes use of three basic indices: coefficient of
out-of-wedlock births, structure of such births and coefficient of
extramarital birth-rate. The author studies the impact on the level
and intensity of out-of-wedlock births by the mother's age, education,
economic activity, social group and place of residence, as well as the
child's [place in the birth order]."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
59:30335 Solinger,
Rickie. Wake up little Susie: single pregnancy and race
before Roe v. Wade. ISBN 0-415-90448-X. LC 91-25068. 1992. xi, 324
pp. Routledge: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
The
author explores the public meaning of out-of-wedlock pregnancy in the
United States from 1940 to 1965, with a focus on changing social
perceptions during that period and on the different experiences of
black and white women. She "aims to present and analyze the thoroughly
race-specific public policies, professional practices, community
attitudes, and family and individual responses to single pregnancy that
prevailed in postwar America....This study aims to argue most
forcefully--both implicitly and explicitly--that politicians and others
in the United States have been using women's bodies and their
reproductive capacity for a long time to promote political agendas
hostile to female autonomy and racial
equality."
Correspondence: Routledge, 29 West 35th Street,
New York, NY 10001. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
