58:40659 Brander,
James A.; Dowrick, Steve. The role of fertility and
population in economic growth: new results from aggregate
cross-national data. Centre for Economic Policy Research
Discussion Paper, No. 230, ISBN 0-7315-0216-7. Apr 1990. i, 43 pp.
Australian National University, Centre for Economic Policy Research:
Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
The authors use newly available
cross-national data sets on economic growth and on population and
fertility to reexamine the relationship between high rates of
population growth and economic growth and prosperity. The data concern
71 market-economy countries, ranging from the poorest developing
countries to advanced industrialized ones, and concern the period
1960-1985. "We find significant evidence to support a modified version
of the neo-Malthusian hypothesis. The classic Malthusian hypothesis is
that population growth dilutes the ratio of land and other fixed
resources to labour; we find little evidence of this resource dilution
effect. Fertility levels do, however, appear to affect the rate of
growth of per capita GDP through investment: high fertility reduces
household resources available for saving and investment. Perhaps our
most important finding is that there is an additional medium term
benefit to be gained from reductions in fertility: the immediate
decline in relative numbers of children raises the proportion of the
population who are of working-age and therefore raises GDP per head of
population for a given level of labour
productivity."
Correspondence: Australian National
University, Centre for Economic Policy Research, G.P.O. Box 4,
Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Location: World Bank, Joint
Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.
58:40660 Ruttan, V.
W.; Hayami, Y. Rapid population growth and technical and
institutional change. In: Consequences of rapid population growth
in developing countries. 1991. 127-57 pp. Taylor and Francis: New York,
New York/London, England. In Eng.
"In this paper we draw on our own
and related work...to examine the relationship between rapid population
growth and technical and institutional change." The authors use the
induced innovation theory to "advance our understanding of technical
and institutional change in both industrial and pre-industrial
societies." The geographical scope is worldwide, with a focus on
developing countries.
Correspondence: V. W. Ruttan,
University of Minnesota, Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public
Affairs, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Minneapolis,
MN 55455. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:40661 Weir, D.
R. A historical perspective on the economic consequences
of rapid population growth. In: Consequences of rapid population
growth in developing countries. 1991. 41-66 pp. Taylor and Francis: New
York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
The author challenges the
hypothesis that the Industrial Revolution was the watershed that
changed the relationship between population growth and economic
development from a Malthusian one to one where population growth became
neutral, or even beneficial, to economic growth. It is suggested that
the structural break in the economic consequences of rapid population
growth occurred earlier than is commonly believed. Cross-sectional and
time series data for six of the largest European economies for the
period 1500-1800 are used to test these
hypotheses.
Correspondence: D. R. Weir, Yale University,
Department of Economics, New Haven, CT 06520. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:40662 Blanchet,
D. Estimating the relationship between population growth
and aggregate economic growth in developing countries: methodological
problems. In: Consequences of rapid population growth in
developing countries. 1991. 67-97 pp. Taylor and Francis: New York, New
York/London, England. In Eng.
"A well-known result concerning the
relationship between population growth and economic growth in
developing countries is the apparent lack of any negative impact of the
former on the latter when tested through simple correlation
analysis....The aim of this paper will therefore be to review the
relevance of these correlation results from a more analytical
perspective. We will do so in three steps, corresponding to the three
sources of regression bias as they can be listed in any negative impact
of the former on the latter when tested through simple manual of
elementary econometrics." The three sources are measurement errors,
specification bias, and simultaneous equation bias. The author
concludes that the evidence that population growth was positively
associated with economic growth up to the early 1970s is valid if the
sources of bias are not convincing, but that over the most recent
15-year period a negative relationship could be
emerging.
Correspondence: D. Blanchet, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:40663 Coussy,
J. International economic relations and rapid demographic
growth in dependent countries. In: Consequences of rapid
population growth in developing countries. 1991. 101-25 pp. Taylor and
Francis: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
Efforts to
model the relationship between economic development and population
growth in developing countries are reviewed. Four hypotheses that are
used in such models are identified and discussed. They are "hypotheses
on the effects of external economic and financial relations; hypotheses
on the form of production functions; hypotheses on capital formation;
[and] hypotheses on the incompressibility of needs." The risks
involved in applying a universal solution and the importance of
differences among countries are stressed.
Correspondence:
J. Coussy, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, 44 rue de la
Tour, 75116 Paris, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
58:40664 Horlacher,
D. E.; Heligman, L. Recent findings on the consequences of
rapid population growth in developing countries. In: Consequences
of rapid population growth in developing countries. 1991. 345-77 pp.
Taylor and Francis: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
This is a review of the recent literature on the relationship
between population growth and economic development in developing
countries. "The first [section] discusses prospects for continued
population growth and its implication for age structures. The second
section deals with inter-country relations between population and
economic growth rates from a historical perspective and on the basis of
current data....The third section is devoted to such sectoral concerns
as employment, savings rates, income distribution, and investment. The
fourth section examines the impact of population growth on resources
and the environment. The fifth and sixth sections consider possible
benefits of population growth through economies of scale and hastening
technical and institutional change. The seventh section deals with the
impact of population growth on kinship structures; the eighth discusses
a methodology for quantifying the externalities resulting from
population growth; and the final section
presents...conclusions...."
Correspondence: D. E.
Horlacher, U.N. Department of International Economic and Social
Affairs, Population Division, New York, NY 10017. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:40665 Logan,
Bernard I. Overpopulation and poverty in Africa:
rethinking the traditional relationship. Tijdschrift voor
Economische en Sociale Geografie/Journal of Economic and Social
Geography, Vol. 82, No. 1, 1991. 40-57 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In
Eng.
The author explores the relationship between population growth
and poverty in Africa. "This article argues that the population
pressures that have manifested themselves recently in Africa represent
symptoms rather than causes of poverty. It argues further that
demographic parameters are unlikely to provide a useful framework for
understanding the region's poverty dilemma. The concepts of national
as opposed to available resources are introduced in an attempt to shed
some light on the relationships between poverty and accessibility to
critical resources."
Correspondence: B. I. Logan,
University of Georgia, Department of Geography, Athens, GA 30602.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:40666 Loriaux,
Michel. The fear of numbers or the challenge of population
growth? [La peur du nombre ou les defis de la croissance
demographique?] Politique Africaine, No. 44, Dec 1991. 15-36 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre.
The author reviews demographic trends in Africa.
The focus is on the debate about whether Africa is underpopulated or
whether population growth rates already exceed the continent's carrying
capacity. The author also examines the relationship between population
growth and socioeconomic development in Africa. He concludes that the
effective development of human resources is the key to solving Africa's
population problems.
Correspondence: M. Loriaux, Universite
Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Demographie, 1 place Montesquieu, BP
17, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
58:40667 Sojo,
Ana. Regional factors and decentralization in planning
equitable changes in productivity. [El territorio y la
descentralizacion en la agenda de la transformacion productiva con
equidad.] Notas de Poblacion, Vol. 19, No. 53, Aug 1991. 79-115 pp.
Santiago, Chile. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"This paper examines the
regional perspective...[of decentralization] in light of the
technological changes and the transformations of the productive
structure required to increase productivity in Latin America and the
Caribbean....This article links the productive transformation, regional
development and decentralization...[to analyze] the retention,
attraction and expulsion of population in different economic spaces.
The analysis is made around three main points: the sources of
competitiveness and productive efficiency, the relationship between the
territory and the source of productivity and competitiveness, and their
implications for regional policies and
decentralization."
Correspondence: A. Sojo, U.N. Centro
Latinoamericano de Demografia, Avenida Dag Hammarskjold, Casilla 91,
Santiago, Chile. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:40668 Srivastava,
Alka. Family planning in India (an economic
assessment). ISBN 81-7054-114-X. LC 90-906424. 1990. xiv, 198 pp.
Classical Publishing: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
This is a study of
the problems India faces in achieving economic development while
undergoing rapid population growth. Efforts that have been made
through the national family planning program to slow the rate of
population growth are described. The author concludes that the
program, although it has never achieved its own targets, has had some
success. The study concludes with a list of recommendations to improve
the program's effectiveness.
Correspondence: Classical
Publishing, 28 Shopping Centre, Karampura, New Delhi 110 015, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:40669 United
Nations. Secretariat (New York, New York). Consequences of
rapid population growth in developing countries. ISBN
0-8448-1566-7. LC 90-43692. 1991. viii, 380 pp. Taylor and Francis: New
York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
This volume contains the
proceedings of the U.N./INED Expert Group Meeting on the consequences
of rapid population growth in developing countries, held on August
23-26, 1988, in New York. The 12 papers are by various authors and
concern global trends in population and economic growth, adaptation to
rapid population growth, and specific aspects of that growth. The
geographical focus is on developing countries.
Selected items will
be cited in this or subsequent issues of Population Index.
For the
French version of this publication, published in 1991, see 57:30647.
Correspondence: Taylor and Francis, 79 Madison Avenue, New
York, NY 10016-7892. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
58:40670 University
of Ghana. Regional Institute for Population Studies [RIPS] (Legon,
Ghana). Population dynamics and change in Africa:
selected essays. RIPS Monograph Series, No. 3, LC 91-101903.
[1989]. ii, 295 pp. Legon, Ghana. In Eng.
This is a collection of
research seminar papers prepared by 10 M.A. students of the Regional
Institute for Population Studies in Legon, Ghana. Topics covered
include "population distribution in Ghana; a comparative analysis of
national fertility of three sub-Saharan African countries using the
World Fertility Survey Data for Kenya, Nigeria and Ethiopia; gauging
the demographic impact of family planning programmes on fertility in
Mauritius; and food supply and population growth in Nigeria: a
demographic perspective. The volume on the whole highlights the
implications of the ever-increasing population growth for rapid and
sustained socio-economic development in Africa and makes pertinent
suggestions on how some of the continent's population problems may be
solved."
Correspondence: University of Ghana, Regional
Institute for Population Studies, P.O. Box 96, Legon, Ghana.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:40671 University
of Malawi. Chancellor College. Demographic Unit (Zomba,
Malawi). National Seminar on Population and Development in
Malawi, 5-9th June, 1989, Chancellor College, Zomba: report.
1989. ix, 223 pp. Zomba, Malawi. In Eng.
These are the proceedings
of a meeting held in Zomba, Malawi, on June 5-9, 1989, on the role of
population in socioeconomic development planning in Malawi. The 29
papers are divided under the topics of the present demographic
situation in Malawi, spatial distribution and development,
macroeconomic and microeconomic aspects of population and development,
refugees, health and development, environmental aspects, and manpower
needs.
Correspondence: University of Malawi, Chancellor
College, Demographic Unit, Zomba, Malawi. Location: New York
Public Library.
58:40672 Zhu,
Guohong. Modernization and the quality of the Chinese
population. Population Research, Vol. 8, No. 1, Mar 1991. 36-42
pp. Beijing, China. In Eng.
"In this article, the author discusses
the relationship between modernization and the quality of population.
The current status of population quality in China will be analyzed
and...the role of population quality in the process of modernization in
the country will be [studied]." Population quality is defined as
including health, infant mortality, and educational
status.
Correspondence: G. Zhu, Fudan University, Institute
of Population Research, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, China.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:40673 Alperovich,
Gershon. Economic development and population
concentration. Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 41,
No. 1, Oct 1992. 63-74 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
The
relationship between economic development and population concentration
is examined using time series data for Israel for the period 1922-1983.
The results confirm the hypothesis of a U-shaped relationship in which
economic development initially leads to population concentration in a
few core sites, then over time, economic growth eventually leads to
population dispersal.
Correspondence: G. Alperovich,
Bar-Ilan University, 52 100 Ramat-Gan, Israel. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPIA).
58:40674 Auerbach,
Alan J.; Kotlikoff, Laurence J. The impact of the
demographic transition on capital formation. Scandinavian Journal
of Economics, Vol. 94, No. 2, 1992. 281-95 pp. Cambridge,
Massachusetts/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The population of the
United States is aging. We review a variety of the implications this
has for U.S. national saving rates, and discuss the policy issues that
they raise. After reviewing what different models would predict for
household saving over the next several decades, we consider how the
demographic transition may also affect national saving through changes
in government behavior. Ways in which the composition of household
saving might change as individuals age are also analyzed along with the
implications of changes in government fiscal policy for asset
composition."
Correspondence: A. J. Auerbach, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
58:40675 Terleckyj,
Nestor E. Getting to 2020: the coming demographic changes
and the U.S. economic uncertainties. In: American Statistical
Association, 1989 proceedings of the Social Statistics Section. [1989].
64-9 pp. American Statistical Association: Alexandria, Virginia. In
Eng.
"This paper is intended to offer some assessments of the
prospects for the U.S. economic growth during the coming period of
demographic transition to an older population structure. It also
identifies the key trends which would help monitor the outlook for the
U.S. economic growth on an ongoing basis in the course of time." The
author concludes that economic growth over the next 30 years will
depend largely on growth in productivity.
Correspondence:
N. E. Terleckyj, National Planning Association, 1616 P Street NW, Suite
400, Washington, D.C. 20036. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
58:40676 Borisov, V.
A. Bearing many children, morality, and ecology.
Problems of Economic Transition, Vol. 35, No. 6, Oct 1992. 81-91 pp.
Armonk, New York. In Eng.
The relationship between high fertility
and population growth on the one hand, and environmental quality on the
other, is explored. The author suggests that efforts to decrease the
size of the global population will cause more problems than they solve.
In contrast, he states that a global population of about 10 to 12
billion by the year 2050 is probably inevitable. Population should
level off at that number and be capable of sustaining itself on this
planet, providing the political problems the world faces can be
resolved by then.
Location: Princeton University Library
(PF).
58:40677 Cohen, Joel
E. How many people can earth hold? Discover, Vol. 13,
No. 11, Nov 1992. 114-9 pp. Burbank, California. In Eng.
The author
explores possible consequences of world population growth, with a focus
on the carrying capacity of the earth if present fertility rates
continue. Various studies estimating the maximum size of supportable
populations in the future are discussed, and factors that must be taken
into account when making such estimates are
considered.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
58:40678 Commoner,
B. Rapid population growth and environmental stress.
In: Consequences of rapid population growth in developing countries.
1991. 161-90 pp. Taylor and Francis: New York, New York/London,
England. In Eng.
The relationship between population growth and
environmental stress around the world is explored. The author
concludes that environmental quality is not governed primarily by the
rate of population growth but by the nature of the technologies of
production. It follows, therefore, that "the resolution of the major
problems confronted by developing countries--economic development,
stabilization of population growth, and environmental quality--all
hinge on the proper choice of production technologies, which can
improve both economic development and environmental quality. Since
such choices will enhance the demographic transition by stimulating
economic development, they will also contribute to the stabilization of
the population. This choice is, therefore, a supreme requirement of
national policy."
Correspondence: B. Commoner, City
University of New York, Queens College, Center for the Biology of
Natural Systems, Flushing, NY 11367. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
58:40679 Giampietro,
Mario; Bukkens, Sandra G. F.; Pimentel, David. Limits to
population size: three scenarios of energy interaction between human
society and ecosystem. Population and Environment, Vol. 14, No. 2,
Nov 1992. 109-31 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"A simple
theoretical model describing the interaction between humans and their
environment in terms of energy flows is proposed to check the
compatibility between the density of energy throughput in human society
and the density of energy throughput in the ecosystem. This model is
then applied to analyze three different scenarios of energy interaction
between human society and the ecosystem....For each scenario limits to
human development are discussed, and estimates of a sustainable
population size provided on the basis of compatibility between energy
throughput in society and the environment."
Correspondence:
M. Giampietro, Cornell University, Department of Entomology, Comstock
Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-0999. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
58:40680 Goodland,
Robert; Daly, Herman E.; El Serafy, Salah. Population,
technology, and lifestyle: the transition to sustainability. ISBN
1-55963-199-6. LC 92-14403. 1992. xvi, 154 pp. Island Press:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This work, consisting of 10 studies by
various authors, is an attempt to build on the 1987 Brundtland report,
which detailed the urgent need for achieving sustainable global
development. "Three of the factors that most directly affect the
potential for sustainability--population, technology, and
lifestyle--are discussed and analyzed in-depth. In addition, the
authors examine global patterns of income distribution and the pressing
need for greater equality between the northern and southern
hemispheres. The authors...argue that traditional means of economic
growth which rely on an ever-increasing use of energy and natural
materials cannot be sustained. They advocate an imaginative pursuit of
economic ends that are less resource intensive and allow for increases
in quality of life without corresponding decreases in environmental
quality."
Correspondence: Island Press, 1718 Connecticut
Avenue NW, Suite 300, Washington, D.C. 20009. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:40681 Heilig,
Gerhard K. The greenhouse gas methane: sources and sinks,
the impact of population growth, possible interventions. IIASA
Working Paper, No. WP-92-42, Jun 1992. vii, 27 pp. International
Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [IIASA]: Laxenburg, Austria. In
Eng.
"The paper first reviews the evidence for an increase in
atmospheric methane concentration....Then major sources and sinks of
present-day methane emission and their relative contribution to the
global methane balance are discussed....[The author estimates] the
contribution of population growth to future methane emission."
This
paper was originally presented at the 1992 Annual Meeting of the
Population Association of America.
Correspondence:
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg,
Austria. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:40682 Hu, Angang;
Wang, Yi. The future conflict between population and grain
output in China. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 2,
No. 3, 1990. 201-5 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
Projected
problems that could arise from inadequate grain outputs in China are
discussed. The need for policies that control population growth and
improve agricultural utility is stressed.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:40683
Shrivastava, Aseem. Overpopulation: the great red
herring? Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 27, No. 38, Sep 19,
1992. 2,032-8 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
The author examines the
hypothesis of Paul Ehrlich and others that "population growth is the
prime mover of the environmental crisis and that population control
should therefore be the mainstay of policies to avoid or alleviate
ecological problems." The author concludes that "the environmental
crisis we face today is a complex consequence of forces connected with
technology, the economic system and demography that were released in
the wake of the industrial revolution. While population growth might
have exacerbated the crisis it is certainly not the source of it. If
the neo-Malthusian prescriptions currently being offered are followed,
not only will human rights in the third world stand compromised, but
the real reasons for the environmental disorder will remain
unaddressed."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
58:40684 Eapen,
Mridul. Fertility and female labour force participation in
Kerala. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 27, No. 40, Oct 3,
1992. 2,179-88 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
"This study attempts to
understand change and response in the female labour market in Kerala
[India], emphasising primarily the demographic aspects. The focus is
on the pattern of fertility decline which could partly explain the
observed decline in work participation rates of married women. More
importantly, it is hypothesised that the functioning of the female
labour market may have induced a certain response affecting fertility
behaviour. On the expectation that the difficulties in securing work
for the woman are temporary, couples would be encouraged to bring
forward the period of child-bearing and complete family size within a
shorter span of time to enable participation
later."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
58:40685 Ekamper,
Peter. Replacement demand in the Dutch labor market.
[De vervangingsvraag op de Nederlandse arbeidsmarkt.] Bevolking en
Gezin, No. 2, 1992. 29-47 pp. Brussels, Belgium. In Dut. with sum. in
Eng.
"The aim of this article is to gain insight into the scope and
structure of replacement demand per occupational group in the Dutch
labour force. In this respect, replacement demand is defined as the
demand which arises from the exit of workers from the working
population, plus the demand which is caused by job mobility. The
population of working age is distinguished according to sex, age,
status in the labour force (employed, unemployed, and other), and
occupational group....A projection of the population of working age is
carried out for the years 1990-1995. In this way, insight is gained
into the flows within the labour force (labour force mobility), and
into the scope of the intake and exit per occupational
group."
Correspondence: P. Ekamper, Nederlands
Interdisciplinair Demografisch Instituut, Postbus 11650, 2502 AR The
Hague, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
58:40686 Heer, D.
M.; Agadjanian, V.; Hammad, F.; Qiu, Y.; Ramasundaram, S.
A comparative analysis of the position of undocumented Mexicans in
the Los Angeles County work force in 1980. International
Migration, Vol. 30, No. 2, Jun 1992. 101-26 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In
Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
The socioeconomic position of illegal
Mexican immigrants in the labor force in Los Angeles County,
California, is analyzed and compared with those of other ethnic groups
in the United States. Consideration is given to "(1) human capital
characteristics of males and females and (2) the representation of
males and females, in particular occupational, industrial and class of
worker categories." Data are from official and other published
sources.
Correspondence: D. M. Heer, University of Southern
California, Department of Sociology, Population Research Laboratory,
Santa Barbara, CA 93106. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
58:40687 Korean
Statistical Association (Seoul, Korea, Republic of).
Annual report on the Economically Active Population Survey.
Apr 1992. [xiii], 258 pp. Seoul, Korea, Republic of. In Eng; Kor.
This is the thirtieth annual report providing results from the
Economically Active Population Survey. It provides data on the labor
force in South Korea for the period 1986-1991.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:40688 Kravdal,
Oystein. Forgone labor participation and earning due to
childbearing among Norwegian women. Demography, Vol. 29, No. 4,
Nov 1992. 545-63 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Individual-level
retrospective data from the Family and Occupation Survey of 1988 are
used to assess the time diverted from gainful employment because of the
presence of children in two Norwegian birth cohorts. We find that a
two-child mother born in 1950, whose births occurred in her early
twenties, lost 6.6 woman-years up to age 37, compared to a childless
woman. By matching information on registered income with the survey
data, we estimate that her lost income amounts to $151,000 at 1990
prices. After taxation the loss is $98,000. Women with fewer than 12
years of schooling seem to forgo more labor market activity by reason
of childbearing than do their better-educated counterparts. The
pattern is less clear with respect to the loss of
income."
Correspondence: O. Kravdal, Central Bureau of
Statistics, Section for Demography and Analysis of Living Conditions,
P.O. Box 8131 Dep, N-0033 Oslo 1, Norway. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
58:40689 Li, Huijin;
Wu, Minyi; Zhu, Jialiang; Wu, Guolan. A research on the
moderate transference of China's agricultural labor. Chinese
Journal of Population Science, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1990. 295-306 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
Rural economic reforms begun in China in
1979 and their demographic impact are reviewed. The focus is on the
transfer of surplus agricultural labor to other
sectors.
Correspondence: H. Li, State Planning Commission,
Institute of Planned Economy, Beijing, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:40690 Looney, R.
E. Manpower options in a small labour-importing state:
the influence of ethnic composition on Kuwait's development.
International Migration, Vol. 30, No. 2, Jun 1992. 175-200 pp. Geneva,
Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
Trends in the ethnic
composition of the Kuwaiti labor force during recent years are
discussed, and the effects on the country's development are assessed.
The focus is on the likely shift since the Gulf War toward importing
cheaper Asian labor. "The purpose of this paper is to assess whether
this is a realistic alternative towards reducing the overall cost of
the expatriate labour force. Which areas of the economy would be most
promising in this regard? What are the economic costs? The implicit
assumption throughout the analysis...is that the country will quickly
restore its economy to the structure existing at the time of the
invasion."
Correspondence: R. E. Looney, Naval Postgraduate
School, National Security Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943-5100.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:40691 Makki,
Mohammad S. Occupational mobility of heads of households
migrating to Medina. Population Bulletin of ESCWA, No. 34, Jun
1989. 63-93 pp. Amman, Jordan. In Eng.
"The aim of this study is to
determine the effect of internal and external migration on the
occupational mobility of the heads of households migrating to Medina
[Saudi Arabia]....[It] is based on a survey of families in Medina which
was conducted by the author in 1986/1987." The results show that "the
majority of the migrants were able to achieve positive vocational
mobility as a result of their migration. However, there are some
distinctions in the extent of this positiveness between Saudi Arabian
and non-Saudi Arabian migrants, as well as between urban and rural
migrants....The main factors affecting migration to Medina are
difference in income, as well as in the educational level at origin and
at destination."
Correspondence: M. S. Makki, King Saud
University, College of Arts, Department of Geography, Riyadh 11451,
Saudi Arabia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:40692 Penev,
Goran. The interrelation between fertility and labor
supply. [Meduzavisnost fertiliteta i ponude radne snage.]
Stanovnistvo, Vol. 28-29, No. 3-4/1-2, Jul-Dec/Jan-Jun 1990-1991.
147-58 pp. Belgrade, Yugoslavia. In Scr. with sum. in Eng.
"The
paper examines [the] interdependence of fertility and the supply of
labour force by first pointing to the impact of the former on the
latter. It analyzes the lagged...versus the immediate impact of
fertility...on the supply of labour force. The author points to the
manifold impact (both direct and indirect) of economic activity on
fertility. In addition, he evaluates the impact of different forms of
activity (employment and unemployment) on the fertility level as well
as the ensuing differences between the low and high fertility regions."
The geographical focus is on Yugoslavia.
Correspondence: G.
Penev, Univerziteta u Beogradu, Centar za Demografska Istrazivanja,
Instituta Drustvanih Nauka, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:40693 Pepermans,
G. Retirement decisions in a discrete choice model and
implications for the government budget: the case of Belgium.
Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 5, No. 3, Aug 1992. 229-43 pp.
New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"The purpose of this
paper was to analyse the determinants of the retirement decision of the
elderly in Belgium, and, by making some simulations, to find out what
would be the financial implications for the government budget of
changes in the social security system....The largest effect on labor
supply is caused by changes in pensionable age. Giving a lump-sum
pension to part-time workers seems an interesting policy to withdraw
individuals from the labor market at a relatively low cost. Introducing
flexible retirement also is beneficial for the government budget and
has, especially for women, a relatively large positive effect on labor
supply."
Correspondence: G. Pepermans, Catholic University
of Leuven, Center for Economic Studies, E. van Evenstraat 2B, B-3000
Leuven, Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:40694 Pirozhkov,
S. I. Labor potential in demographic changes.
[Trudovoi potentsial v demograficheskom izmerenii.] ISBN 5-12-003035-1.
1992. 174 pp. Akademiya Nauk Ukrainy, Institut Ekonomiki: Kiev,
Ukraine; Naukova Dumka: Kiev, Ukraine. In Rus.
"The paper is
concerned with demographic aspects of the economically active
population and labour force formation [in the Ukraine]. The major
aspects of manpower resources and labour force formation, as well as
the problems of their assessment are considered from the methodological
standpoint. The focus is on the potential development of labour
force." The author looks at probable trends in the available labor
force up to the year 2049.
Correspondence: Naukova Dumka,
Ul. Repina 3, 252601 Kiev 4, Ukraine. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
58:40695 United
Nations. Centro Latinoamericano de Demografia [CELADE] (Santiago,
Chile). Latin America: economically active population.
The period 1970-2000. [America Latina: poblacion economicamente
activa. Periodo 1970-2000.] Boletin Demografico/Demographic Bulletin,
Vol. 25, No. 49, Jan 1992. 188 pp. Santiago, Chile. In Eng; Spa.
Estimates and projections of the labor force are presented by sex
for Latin America and its 20 constituent countries for the period
1970-2000. The estimates are given separately for the total, urban, and
rural economically active population; total, urban, and rural activity
rates; and selected demographic indicators for the economically active
population.
Correspondence: U.N. Centro Latinoamericano de
Demografia, Edificio Naciones Unidas, Avenida Dag Hammarskjold, Casilla
91, Santiago, Chile. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
58:40696 Wong,
Rebeca; Levine, Ruth E. The effect of household structure
on women's economic activity and fertility: evidence from recent
mothers in urban Mexico. Economic Development and Cultural Change,
Vol. 41, No. 1, Oct 1992. 89-102 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
"The purpose of this article is to isolate empirically the effect
of a specific characteristic of household structure, the presence of a
'mother substitute,' as a determinant of participation in economic
activity, and family-formation behaviors. We study these effects among
mothers of preschool-age children in urban areas of Mexico, using data
from the 1982 Mexican National Demographic Survey. The empirical
analysis is based on the estimation of reduced forms for current female
labor force participation and recent
fertility."
Correspondence: R. Wong, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21218. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPIA).
