58:20654 Christa,
Harald; Halfar, Bernd; Koydl, Andrea; Marz, Annette; Rupp, Marina;
Schafer, Dieter; Schoolmann, Gerhard. Structural
differences in the form of social security systems in industrialized
countries, with reference to the implications for families.
[Strukturelle Unterschiede in der Ausgestaltung sozialer
Sicherungssysteme in Industrielandern im Hinblick auf ihre Bedeutung
fur die Familien.] Materialien zur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, No. 69,
1991. 148, [8] pp. Bundesinstitut fur Bevolkerungsforschung: Wiesbaden,
Germany. In Ger.
A comparative study of social security systems in
West Germany and 18 other industrialized countries is presented.
Separate chapters deal with support for old age, widowhood, disability,
unemployment, illness, and parenthood. The implications for families
and family policy are also discussed.
Correspondence:
Bundesinstitut fur Bevolkerungsforschung, Gustav-Stresemann-Ring 6,
6200 Wiesbaden 1, Postfach 5528, Germany. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
58:20655 Alba,
Francisco. The population in a sociopolitical system in
crisis: Mexico before the Revolution. [La poblacion en un sistema
sociopolitico en crisis: Mexico antes de la Revolucion.] Estudios
Demograficos y Urbanos, Vol. 5, No. 3, Sep-Dec 1990. 711-27, 827 pp.
Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
The author reviews
some of the literature on the Mexican Revolution in order to assess the
impact of demographic change on the outcome of that conflict.
Consideration is given to urbanization, spatial distribution, literacy,
industrial growth and the employment opportunities it provided, and
land conflicts caused by population growth.
Correspondence:
F. Alba, El Colegio de Mexico, Centro de Estudios Demograficos y de
Desarrollo Urbano, Camino al Ajusco 20, 10740 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:20656 Blayo,
Yves. Political events and fertility in China since
1950. [Evenements politiques et fecondite en Chine depuis 1950.]
Population, Vol. 46, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1991. 1,589-615 pp. Paris, France.
In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
Fertility and nuptiality data for
China covering the period 1940-1987 are examined by cohort and period
analyses. "It is shown that variations in period rates--even during
the catastrophic years that followed the 'Great Leap Forward'--merely
reflected changes in the timing of family formation rather than changes
in family size. The latter was not affected by social and political
upheavals, but gradually changed because of the operation of other
factors....Although the age at which women married for the first time
continued to rise, this rise was partially compensated by a decline in
the interval between marriage and births. During recent years, parity
progression ratios for women with one child have remained high, in
spite of the one-child policy. However, the structure of the Chinese
family has changed profoundly within a relatively short period of
time."
Correspondence: Y. Blayo, 1 rue Alphonse Daudet,
75014 Paris, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
58:20657 Eberstadt,
Nicholas. Population change and national security.
Foreign Affairs, Vol. 70, No. 3, Summer 1991. 115-31 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
The implications of current and future population
trends for international political order and the balance of world power
are assessed. The main focus is on the likelihood of rapid population
growth in the developing world and the security challenge this poses to
the slower-growing developed world.
Correspondence: N.
Eberstadt, Harvard University, Center for Population Studies, 9 Bow
Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location: World Bank, Joint
Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.
58:20658
Goldscheider, Calvin. The embeddedness of the
Arab-Jewish conflict in the state of Israel: demographic and
sociological perspectives. PSTC Reprint Series, No. 92-02, Feb
1992. [22] pp. Brown University, Population Studies and Training Center
[PSTC]: Providence, Rhode Island. In Eng.
The author discusses
demographic and sociological perspectives of the embeddedness of the
Arab-jewish conflict in Israel. "The argument is that the internal
ethnic-religious conflict in the State of Israel is most problematic
precisely because it is normalized; it is embedded in the demographic
and social structure....In order to clarify the demographic
embeddedness of the Arab-Jewish conflict, we shall review the changing
demographic contours of majority-minority relationships. This includes
an investigation into the changing size, growth, and ethnic composition
of the Jewish and Arab populations, the demographic formation of these
communities--particularly the evolution of immigration patterns--the
differential fertility of Jewish and Arab populations, and the changing
relative population proportions of each, now and in the future. At the
same time we shall explore issues of socioeconomic inequalities within
and between the Jewish and Arab populations and relate these
inequalities to demographic processes as well as to the individual
views of Arabs about Jews and Jews about Arabs."
This article is
reprinted from Israeli Politics in the 1990s: Key Domestic and Foreign
Policy Factors, edited by Bernard Reich and Gershon Kieval, pp. 111-32,
Westport, Connecticut, Greenwood Publications Group,
1991.
Correspondence: Brown University, Population Studies
and Training Center, Providence, RI 02912. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:20659 Kvasha,
A. Demographic problems of military reform in the
USSR. [Demograficheskie problemy voennoi reformy v SSSR.] Vestnik
Statistiki, No. 8, 1991. 73-9 pp. Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
The author
discusses future reforms in the procedures for drafting personnel into
the Soviet army. The analysis is based primarily on the experiences of
armies in Western countries. The author also takes into consideration
peculiarities of the political and economic structures in the USSR, as
well as the attitude of the Soviet people toward military service. The
demographic situation at the end of the twentieth and the beginning of
the twenty-first century is examined, as is the possibility that a
decrease in fertility, worsening life expectancy, and increase in
international migration could make the military draft process even more
complicated. Data for cohorts born in 1972, 1977, 1982, and 1987 are
used as illustrations. The possibility of developing an alternative
service is suggested.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
58:20660 Schmelz, U.
O. The demographic impact of the Holocaust on the Jewish
people. Division of Jewish Demography and Statistics Occasional
Paper, No. 1991-10, 1991. 22 pp. Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Division of Jewish Demography and
Statistics: Jerusalem, Israel. In Eng.
The author discusses some
long-term effects of the decrease in the world's Jewish population
caused by the Holocaust. Consideration is given to the implications of
the severe population losses that occurred among children and the
elderly and their impact on age and sex distributions, as well as the
indirect effect on natural increase. Forced migration during the
Holocaust and international migration among Jews since World War II are
described, and changes in the demographic and ethnic compositions of
Jewish populations since the war are analyzed. Appendixes outline
problems in estimating the direct and indirect population losses caused
by the Holocaust and provide projections for the world Jewish
population to 2010.
Correspondence: Hebrew University of
Jerusalem, Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Division of Jewish
Demography and Statistics, Mount Scopus Campus, 91905 Jerusalem,
Israel. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:20661 Baran,
Alina. Population changes and the cost of health care for
the elderly in Poland. Polish Population Review, No. 1, 1991.
73-88 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Eng.
"The author...has attempted to
measure the effects of population changes upon the costs of health care
[in Poland] by applying a simulation model. In this model the total
cost of health care is a function of the per capita cost of health care
by age, sex, and place of residence (urban, rural) and population
structure....The paper includes...the results concerning population 60
years of age and over." Data are from several official health-related
surveys carried out in 1989.
Correspondence: A. Baran,
Warsaw School of Economics, Institute of Statistics and Demography, A1.
Niepodleglosci 162, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
58:20662 Black,
Robert E. Current status of child health
interventions. In: Demographic and Health Surveys World
Conference, August 5-7, 1991, Washington, D.C.: proceedings. Volume
1. 1991. 599-615 pp. Institute for Resource Development/Macro
International, Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]: Columbia,
Maryland. In Eng.
International efforts to develop primary health
care designed to reduce high rates of infant mortality in developing
countries are reviewed. "Because of their widespread implementation and
the availability of information through DHS and other survey efforts,
the status of immunization and diarrheal disease control programs will
be covered most extensively, but brief mention will be made regarding
the status of other important child health
interventions."
Correspondence: R. E. Black, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21218. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
58:20663
Gaminiratne, K. H. W. Socio-economic and
behavioural determinants of diarrhoeal morbidity among children in Sri
Lanka. In: Demographic and Health Surveys World Conference, August
5-7, 1991, Washington, D.C.: proceedings. Volume 1. 1991. 757-84 pp.
Institute for Resource Development/Macro International, Demographic and
Health Surveys [DHS]: Columbia, Maryland. In Eng.
"The objective of
this paper is to assess the prevalence of diarrhoea among children in
Sri Lanka and to examine the socio-economic and behavioural
characteristics that determine diarrhoeal morbidity using the data from
the Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey (SLDHS), 1987; their
identification will help effective implementation of the health
policies and programs."
Correspondence: K. H. W.
Gaminiratne, Australian National University, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT
2601, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:20664 Goldin,
Ken. Long-run impacts of AIDS. Contemporary Policy
Issues, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1992. 21-30 pp. Huntington Beach, California.
In Eng.
"Over the next century, the impact of the AIDS epidemic on
the supply of and returns to factors of production may be significant.
Public policies might offset some of the long run impacts, especially
if initiated early in the epidemic. History suggests the types of
economic effects that can occur in the long run and the limits of
public policies' effectiveness in controlling diseases of this type.
The models developed here to show possible long run time paths for the
epidemic also imply a long-run equilibrium, a concept not appreciated
in most disciplines. Because data deficiencies make long run numerical
forecasting highly controversial, this paper uses history and modeling
to emphasize qualitative understanding of the
epidemic."
Correspondence: K. Goldin, California State
University, Department of Economics, Fullerton, CA 92634.
Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington,
D.C.
58:20665 Kiple,
Kenneth F.; Tarver, H. Micheal. Skeletal biology and the
history of Native Americans and African Americans. Latin American
Population History Bulletin, No. 21, Spring 1992. 3-10 pp. Minneapolis,
Minnesota. In Eng.
The authors incorporate data from skeletal
remains in an attempt to construct health profiles for the Amerindian
population before Columbus's arrival and for the antebellum black slave
populations of North America and the Caribbean. They examine the
impact of poor nutrition among slaves, as evidenced in bone and tooth
samples, on infant and childhood mortality, fertility, and adult
mortality. They go on to suggest that the change from a
hunter-gatherer life-style to a more sedentary agricultural one
resulted in poorer health for the Amerindian population. However,
agriculture made soft foods more available, allowing women to wean
their children earlier, thus increasing overall
fertility.
Correspondence: K. F. Kiple, Bowling Green State
University, Department of History, Bowling Green, OH 43403.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:20666 Lanata,
Claudio F.; Novara, Joaquin. Child immunization trends and
determinants in Peru. In: Demographic and Health Surveys World
Conference, August 5-7, 1991, Washington, D.C.: proceedings. Volume
1. 1991. 717-26 pp. Institute for Resource Development/Macro
International, Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]: Columbia,
Maryland. In Eng.
"Three national maternal-child health surveys
have been carried out in Peru in a period of four years: the Nutrition
and Health National Survey 1984..., the Demographic and Family Health
Survey..., and the Vaccination Coverage Survey 1988....these surveys
were analyzed from computerized copies of the original data to evaluate
the national child immunization trends and determinants and in
particular the impact of the national massive immunization campaigns
called 'VAN' that constituted the main [government] immunization
program activity during...1985-1990....We concluded that the major
determinants of immunization coverage were access to health services,
as indicated by higher coverages in urban areas and the coastal region,
and maternal educational level."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
58:20667 Melbye,
Mads; Biggar, Robert J. Interactions between persons at
risk for AIDS and the general population in Denmark. American
Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 135, No. 6, Mar 15, 1992. 593-602 pp.
Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
The authors present results from a
1989 nationwide study of sexual behavior in Denmark involving 4,680
randomly selected individuals aged 18-59. They indicate that sexual
contacts with individuals from groups at high risk of carrying HIV
infection were reported by 15.9 percent of men and 4.8 percent of women
from the general population. Furthermore, 12.5 percent of male and 4
percent of female active blood donors had engaged in high-risk
behavior. The results suggest not only that exposure to persons at
risk of HIV infection is considerable, but that most persons who have
had potential exposure to infection have not been tested for
HIV.
Correspondence: M. Melbye, State Serum Institute,
Department of Epidemiology, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen,
Denmark. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
58:20668
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (New York, New
York). Selected demographic and health
characteristics--state variations, 1988-1991. Statistical
Bulletin, Vol. 73, No. 2, Apr-Jun 1992. 20-7 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
Selected demographic and health characteristics are
enumerated, analyzed, and compared by state for the United States. "As
these data demonstrate, national health statistics, both behavioral and
medical, vary widely by geographic area. Somehow, such regional and
lifestyle factor differences need to be considered when social policies
are debated and implemented."
Correspondence: Metropolitan
Life Insurance Company, One Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:20669 Mier y
Teran, Marta. Early feeding patterns and children's health
in Mexico. In: Demographic and Health Surveys World Conference,
August 5-7, 1991, Washington, D.C.: proceedings. Volume 1. 1991.
451-74 pp. Institute for Resource Development/Macro International,
Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]: Columbia, Maryland. In Eng.
"The main objective of this work is...the study of early feeding
patterns and their relationship with diarrhea morbidity in the various
sectors of Mexico's population....The data source is the National
Fertility and Health Survey (ENFES,
1987)...."
Correspondence: M. Mier y Teran, Universidad
Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacan, 04510
Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
58:20670
Rossi-Espagnet, A.; Goldstein, G. B.; Tabibzadeh, I.
Urbanization and health in developing countries: a challenge for
health for all. [L'urbanisation et la sante dans les pays en
developpement: un defi pour la sante pour tous.] World Health
Statistics Quarterly/Rapport Trimestriel de Statistiques Sanitaires
Mondiales, Vol. 44, No. 4, 1991. 186-244 pp. World Health Organization
[WHO]: Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng; Fre.
This is a special issue
devoted to urbanization and health in the third world. The focus is on
the poor and underserved populations in urban areas. Data are from a
number of WHO sources.
Correspondence: World Health
Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
58:20671 Steinhoff,
Mark C. Prevalence and treatment of acute respiratory
infection in three DHS countries. In: Demographic and Health
Surveys World Conference, August 5-7, 1991, Washington, D.C.:
proceedings. Volume 1. 1991. 727-43 pp. Institute for Resource
Development/Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]:
Columbia, Maryland. In Eng.
"Acute [lower] respiratory infections
[ALRI] are the most frequently experienced illnesses world wide, and in
less developed countries they are a major cause of severe illness and
death in infants and children....The purpose of this review is to
investigate the levels, characteristics and differentials of reported
ALRI symptoms and of treatment for ALRI in the three DHS I surveys
which developed data on ALRI symptoms in 16,359 children in Zimbabwe,
Bolivia and Egypt."
Correspondence: M. C. Steinhoff, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
58:20672 Thieme,
Horst R.; Castillo-Chavez, Carlos. On the possible effects
of infection-age-dependent infectivity in the dynamics of
HIV/AIDS. Population and Development Program: 1990 Working Paper
Series, No. 2.26, [1990?]. 34 pp. Cornell University, Department of
Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program: Ithaca, New York.
In Eng.
"In this paper we explore the role of variable infectivity
in combination with a variable incubation period in disease dynamics in
a homogeneously mixing population....In our model, the saturation of
mean per capita sexual activity interacts with an
infection-age-dependent rate (at which infected individuals are removed
from sexual activity by the disease) and an infection-age-dependent
infectivity of infected individuals. We have shown in this paper that
the unique endemic equilibrium can lose its stability....We conclude
with a not very optimistic view of the predictive value of mathematical
models for HIV transmission."
Correspondence: Cornell
University, Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development
Program, 134 Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
58:20673 van
Ginneken, Jeroen K. Childhood diarrhoea morbidity and
treatment patterns: a comparison of results of Demographic and Health
Surveys with epidemiologic surveys. In: Demographic and Health
Surveys World Conference, August 5-7, 1991, Washington, D.C.:
proceedings. Volume 1. 1991. 745-56 pp. Institute for Resource
Development/Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]:
Columbia, Maryland. In Eng.
"This paper will be limited to a
comparison of DHS data with data from longitudinal studies supplemented
with data from a few other cross-sectional surveys. The comparison
will focus on morbidity due to diarrhea in children below five [in
developing countries] and related treatment patterns. The paper will
have four parts; first we will describe details of the methods used by
DHS and DHS findings; next, details will be given of data collection
methods and results of the epidemiologic studies; a comparison of the
two data sets will follow in the third section; and conclusions will be
drawn in the last section."
Correspondence: J. K. van
Ginneken, Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, P.O. Box
11650, 2502 AR The Hague, Netherlands. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
No citations in this issue.
