H. Migration

H.1. General Migration

58:20448 Auriat, Nadia. Who forgets? An analysis of memory effects in a retrospective survey on migration history. European Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1991. 311-42 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This study, focused on modelling memory effects in migration history data, is [based on] a survey conducted in 1988 by the National Institute for Demographic Studies (I.N.E.D.), in collaboration with the Catholic University of Louvain-la-Neuve (U.C.L., Belgium). This data allows insight into the reliability of responses obtained from an autobiographical retrospective survey, and highlights the demographic characteristics that may interact with memory effects in recall of migration history. In addition, the data obtained from this survey allows response reliability comparisons between gender, and also between joint interviewing of spouses and singular interviewing of spouses." 500 couples living in Wallonie, Belgium, and aged between 41 and 54 years were surveyed.
Correspondence: N. Auriat, Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20449 Bulusu, L. A review of migration data sources. OPCS Occasional Paper, No. 39, ISBN 0-904952-74-6. 1991. iii, 40 pp. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys [OPCS]: London, England. In Eng.
The author reviews and evaluates the data sources used by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys to analyze migration trends in the United Kingdom. Separate sections consider the collection procedures and information provided by the International Passenger Survey, the National Health Service Central Register, electoral registers, the census and its surveys, the Home Office, and other sources, including telephone directories and television license records. Data on international and internal migration are presented. Appendixes provide samples of survey questionnaires.
Correspondence: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, St. Catherine's House, 10 Kingsway, London WC2B 6JP, England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20450 Cauvin, Colette; Reymond, Henri. Spatial interaction and cartography: solutions from W. Tobler. [Interaction spatiale et cartographie: les solutions de W. Tobler.] Espace, Populations, Societes, No. 3, 1991. 467-85 pp. Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"This paper aims to present briefly some of Professor W. R. Tobler's directions of research in spatial interaction models and associated cartography." Tobler's models are illustrated using U.S. data on migration.
Correspondence: C. Cauvin, Universite Louis Pasteur, U.F.R. de Geographie, 12 rue Goethe, 67000 Strasbourg, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20451 Clark, W. A. V.; Koloutsou-Vakakis, Sotiria. Evaluating Tobler's migration vector fields. Geographical Analysis, Vol. 24, No. 2, Apr 1992. 110-20 pp. Columbus, Ohio. In Eng.
"In the past decade Tobler has provided an innovative cartographic presentation of migration flows. The central theme of this research has been to utilize detailed migration data to reveal the underlying structures of migration flows. Even though the analyses are not explanatory models of migration exchanges, the application of these techniques to migration flows over time and across different spatial scales provides a visual generalization of often extremely complex flows. The application of his techniques at two spatial scales for the Netherlands illustrates both the strengths and weaknesses of migration force fields for the analysis of migration."
Correspondence: W. A. V. Clark, University of California, Department of Geography, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1524. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).

58:20452 Greenwood, Michael J.; Ragland, Shannon E. Measuring the net migration of immigrants to U.S. metropolitan areas. Journal of Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 17, No. 3-4, 1991. 233-48 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Net migration of immigrants to U.S. metropolitan areas cannot be measured directly because many immigrants, by some estimates as high as 30%, subsequently emigrate from the U.S., thus escaping the ability of federal authorities to locate their whereabouts. Without an accurate measure of immigrant out-migration, net migration cannot be calculated. This study employs cohort survival techniques to indirectly estimate immigrant and native net migration, 1970-1980, for 119 specific metropolitan areas. Several checks are performed to confirm the accuracy of the estimates, which appear to be reasonable."
Correspondence: M. J. Greenwood, University of Colorado, Center for Economic Analysis, Boulder, CO 80309. Location: Princeton University Library (SF).

58:20453 Hirschl, Thomas A.; Poston, Dudley L.; Frisbie, W. Parker. The effects of private and public sustenance organization on population redistribution in New York State. Population and Development Program: 1990 Working Paper Series, No. 2.12, [1990?]. 16, [8] pp. Cornell University, Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program: Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
The authors develop a model that includes both private and public sustenance organization, then examine its influence on patterns of net migration. "First, a model postulating the influence of private and public sustenance organization on net migration is elaborated, and a method for empirically testing this model is proposed. Second, the model is tested via an analysis of net migration in New York State counties, plus New York City, for the period 1980-1987."
Correspondence: Cornell University, Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program, 134 Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20454 Kritz, Mary M. Climate change and migration adaptations. Population and Development Program: 1990 Working Paper Series, No. 2.16, [1991?]. 21 pp. Cornell University, Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program: Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
The effects of climate and climatic change on contemporary and historical migration are explored. Topics covered include global warming, droughts, and floods. The geographical scope is worldwide, with separate sections considering developing and developed countries.
This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1991 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.
Correspondence: Cornell University, Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program, 134 Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20455 Long, Larry. Changing residence: comparative perspectives on its relationship to age, sex, and marital status. Population Studies, Vol. 46, No. 1, Mar 1992. 141-58 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The author compares patterns of residential mobility for selected European countries and the United States. "This paper undertakes this task for countries for which there exist comparable data, and represent a variety of living conditions, traditions, and public programmes that should affect the level of spatial mobility....A second purpose of this study is to focus on differences in profiles of moving by age, sex, and marital status in order to show how mobility highlights the roles and statuses associated with these demographic groups."
Correspondence: L. Long, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division, Washington, D.C. 20233. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20456 Mont, Daniel. The impact of husbands' and wives' jobs on family migration. Population and Development Program: 1990 Working Paper Series, No. 2.18, [1990?]. 17, [7] pp. Cornell University, Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program: Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
"This paper explores the relationship between wives' and husbands' wages and family migration [in the United States]. Wage variables are constructed to represent potential earnings, quality of wage draw, and potential for wage dispersion. It is found that increased earnings of husbands increases family mobility while increased earnings of wives does the opposite. However, when a sample of couples with wives [earning] at least 25 percent more than their husbands is used, the reverse is true. It is argued that this supports family earnings maximization models of family migration."
This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1990 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.
Correspondence: Cornell University, Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program, 134 Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20457 Muhsam, Helmut V. The need for coordination among the countries of Southeast Asia. [Esigenza di un coordinamento tra i paesi dell'Asia sud-orientale.] Politica Internazionale, Vol. 19, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1991. 165-76 pp. Rome, Italy. In Ita.
Migration trends in Southeast Asia are reviewed. The author looks separately at emigration from the region, migration within the region, and internal migration within individual countries. Separate consideration is given to the Indonesian transmigration program and to urbanization. The policy implications of these movements are examined.
Correspondence: H. V. Muhsam, Hebrew University, Department of Demography, Mount Scopus, 91905 Jerusalem, Israel. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20458 Perez, Aurora E. The fertility impacts on migration in the Philippines. Pub. Order No. DA9204929. 1991. 327 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
This study was undertaken as a doctoral dissertation at Brown University.
Correspondence: University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 52(9).

58:20459 Sheikh, Khalid H.; Naqvi, Zafar J. Migration: a selective bibliography. PIDE Library Publication, No. 23, 1990. 34 pp. Pakistan Institute of Development Economics [PIDE]: Islamabad, Pakistan. In Eng.
This is an unannotated bibliography of publications on labor migration. It is organized alphabetically by author and includes a subject index. The geographical scope is worldwide.
Correspondence: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Post Box 1091, Islamabad, Pakistan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20460 Stark, Oded; Taylor, J. Edward. Relative deprivation and migration: theory, evidence, and policy implications. Policy, Research, and External Affairs Working Paper, No. WPS 656, Apr 1991. 42 pp. World Bank: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors examine the role of absolute income versus relative deprivation incentives for both internal and international migration in developing-country households, taking into account continuities across some labor markets and discontinuities across others. The data concern Mexico. The results suggest "that people in households relatively deprived...are more likely to migrate abroad than are people in households that are better situated...."
Correspondence: World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.

58:20461 Wallace, Suzanne B. Migration: an alternative approach using utility maximization hypothesis. Pub. Order No. DA9206988. 1991. 89 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
U.S. data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics are used to examine the hypothesis that migration is a consumption activity undertaken by households to generate utility. The study was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the University of Georgia.
Correspondence: University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 52(9).

H.2. International Migration

58:20462 Abella, Manolo. The troublesome Gulf: research on migration to the Middle East. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1992. 145-67 pp. Quezon City, Philippines. In Eng.
"This review of recent research outlines changes in the composition and organization of labor supplies to the Middle East since the 1970s and indicates some effects on both sending and receiving countries. Before the recent Gulf war, Asians increasingly supplanted Arab migrant workers, entering the Gulf labor force through kinship networks, recruitment agencies and project-tied migration. At the national level, this emigration has sometimes led to severe labor shortages, as in Pakistan. Another effect is the impact of remittances on saving and investment behavior. A few detailed studies about countries of origin have provided insights into the push factors of the migration process; however, a major problem limiting research is poor survey and census data."
Correspondence: M. Abella, International Labour Organisation, Bangkok, Thailand. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20463 Abu-Rashed, Jamal; Slottje, Daniel J. A theoretical analysis of the beneficial effects of the brain-drain phenomenon. Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue Canadienne d'Etudes du Developpement, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1991. 357-66 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"The primary objective of this paper is to examine the impact of migration, and ultimately remittances on economic development in an LDC [less-developed country] within the context of a two-sector development model. For this purpose we construct a two-period development model wherein the country loses professional workers in the first period, but receives foreign-exchange remittances in the second period. Then we derive the conditions under which the 'brain drain' phenomenon may promote social welfare gains over the two periods horizon." The results indicate that "emigration of skilled labor causes the real rate of return to capital to fall and the real wage to labor in the home country to rise. Emigration of skilled labor unambiguously causes a real income loss in less developed labor-exporting countries in the first period, but may cause a real income gain to the LDC in the long run. We also find that the per capita income in an LDC may rise as a consequence of emigration in the short-run, but in the long run capita income unambiguously rises."
Correspondence: J. Abu-Rashed, Xavier University, Department of Economics and Industrial Relations, 3800 Victory Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45207. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.

58:20464 Al-Abidalrazag, Bashier. International migration: remittances and subsequent labor market performance. Pub. Order No. DA9204394. 1991. 162 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
The rewards of international labor migration to both immigrants in receiving countries (using the example of the United States) and sending countries (using the examples of Jordan, Egypt, and Turkey) are reviewed. The study was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at Texas Tech University.
Correspondence: University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 52(8).

58:20465 Appleyard, R. T. Migration and development: a critical relationship. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1992. 1-18 pp. Quezon City, Philippines. In Eng.
"Wide income differentials, the threat of increased illegal immigration from developing countries, and sub-replacement fertility in the developed countries are some reasons for the recent reassessment of the relationship between migration and development....The model presented in this article proposes different roles for permanent immigrants, contract workers, professional transients, illegal migrants and others according to the stages of modernization of the sending and receiving countries. The model was found consistent with the experiences of Mauritius, Seychelles, Singapore and, to a lesser extent, Malaysia."
Correspondence: R. T. Appleyard, University of Western Australia, Centre for Migration and Development Studies, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20466 Bailey, Jonathan. International migration 1990. Population Trends, No. 67, Spring 1992. 29-34 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"An estimated total of 267 thousand people migrated to the United Kingdom during 1990. In the same period the total outflow of migrants was 231 thousand, yielding a net gain for the U.K. of 36 thousand. This article presents a brief analysis of these latest annual statistics on international migration, and also relates them to earlier years." Data are from the 1990 International Passenger Survey.
Correspondence: J. Bailey, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Population and Hospital Statistics Division, St. Catherine's House, 10 Kingsway, London WC2B 6JP, England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20467 Basu, Bharati; Bhattacharyya, Gautam. International migration and welfare in the source country. Scandinavian Journal of Development Alternatives, Vol. 10, No. 4, Dec 1991. 63-75 pp. Stockholm, Sweden. In Eng.
"In a recent paper, Rivera-Batiz (1982) points out that the economic effects of migration should be studied in the presence of non-traded goods in the source country....We will show that Rivera-Batiz's explanations do not consider all the aspects of ownership and transfer of inputs by migrants. Consequently, we will show that if...additional issues are taken into account, the non-migrants can turn out to be actually better off as a result of emigration."
For the article by Francisco Rivera-Batiz, see 49:30479.
Correspondence: B. Basu, Central Michigan University, Department of Economics, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859. Location: Princeton University Library (SPIA).

58:20468 Body-Gendrot, Sophie. The United States and immigrants: various methods of assimilation. [Les Etats-Unis et leurs immigrants: des modes d'insertion varies.] Notes et Etudes Documentaires, No. 4941, 1991. 149 pp. Documentation Francaise: Paris, France. In Fre.
The changing national composition of the U.S. immigrant population over time is examined, and the relationship between these changes and changes in migration policy is analyzed. The author focuses on state-level differences in the enforcement of federal migration policies and considers how the existence of different sizes of migrant populations from different countries of origin affects local policies and programs aimed at migrant assimilation. The author concludes that, in contrast to the "melting-pot" concept, current U.S. experience involves the development of a continuously adapting multicultural society.
Correspondence: Documentation Francaise, 29 Quai Voltaire, 75007 Paris, France. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.

58:20469 Bruschi, Christian. Migration in tomorrow's Europe. [Les migrations dans l'Europe de demain.] Etudes, Vol. 375, No. 5, Nov 1991. 453-64 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The current situation concerning international migration in Western Europe is reviewed. The author notes that, regardless of attitudes in receiving countries toward immigration, immigrants tend to settle permanently rather than return to their country of origin. As policies designed to limit migration are developed, the communications and transport facilities available to migrants have increased, as have the pressures to migrate. A growing mobility among the most privileged sector of society is also noted.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

58:20470 Caetano, Jose M. International migration in the Mediterranean Basin. [As migracoes internacionais na Bacia Mediterranica.] Economia e Sociologia, No. 50, 1990. 85-105 pp. Evora, Portugal. In Por.
Patterns in labor migration from the Mediterranean region to the European Community are described.
Correspondence: J. M. Caetano, Universidade de Evora, Departamento de Economia, Largo dos Colegiais 2, Apdo 94, 7001 Evora Codex, Portugal. Location: New York Public Library.

58:20471 Centro Studi Emigrazione (Rome, Italy). A bibliography of journal articles on emigration and on Italian communities overseas from 1975 to the present. [Rassegna bibliografica delle pubblicazioni periodiche sull'emigrazione e sulle communita italiane all'estero dal 1975 ad oggi.] Studi Emigrazione/Etudes Migrations, Vol. 28, No. 104, Dec 1991. 480-598 pp. Rome, Italy. In Ita.
This is a list of 952 citations on emigration from Italy and on Italian communities overseas. Some of the citations are provided with abstracts. The literature covered is in a wide range of European languages. The bibliography is organized by subject, and author and geographical indexes are provided.
Correspondence: Centro Studi Emigrazione, Via Dandolo 58, 00153 Rome, Italy. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20472 Chesnais, Jean-Claude. Emigration from Central and Eastern Europe: trends and risks. [L'emigration d'Europe centrale et orientale: tendances et enjeux.] Futuribles, No. 158, Oct 1991. 3-22 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
This is a retrospective analysis of recent trends in emigration from Central and Eastern Europe, including the former USSR. Based on his analysis of the main causes of such emigration, the author considers five alternative scenarios concerning future migration prospects. He concludes that future pressures on Western Europe will be dependent on the success or failure of the countries of Eastern Europe and the former USSR in solving their economic and political problems.
Correspondence: J.-C. Chesnais, Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

58:20473 Chesnais, Jean-Claude. Germany under the weight of its diaspora. [L'Allemagne dopee par sa diaspora.] L'Expansion, No. 414, Oct 17-Nov 13, 1991. 88-93 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
Trends in international migration from the former Soviet block to the West are summarized, with particular reference to the migration of ethnic Germans to West Germany. The author notes that the repatriation of Germans to Germany is nearing completion. The possibility exists, however, of similar migration pressures, such as the movement of Russian minorities from the various former Soviet republics back to Russia, leading to major disruptions in the future.
Correspondence: J.-C. Chesnais, Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.

58:20474 Cocchi, Giovanni. Foreigners in Italy: characteristics and trends in immigration from countries outside the European Community. [Stranieri in Italia: caratteri e tendenze dell'immigrazione dai paesi extracomunitari.] Misure/Materiali di Ricerca dell'Istituto Cattaneo, No. 20-21-22, [1989]. xi, 690 pp. Istituto di Studi e Ricerche Carlo Cattaneo: Bologna, Italy. In Ita.
These are the proceedings of a conference on immigration to Italy from outside the European Community, held on January 29-31, 1990. The 56 papers are divided into three sections. The first part examines the main quantitative and qualitative characteristics of this immigration and variations over space and time, looks at data sources and available methodology for studying these data, and discusses causes of migration. The second part is concerned with the problems posed by the integration of immigrants into Italian society. The third part considers the implications of the findings concerning both social policy and migration policy.
Correspondence: Istituto di Studi e Ricerche Carlo Cattaneo, via Santo Stefano 11, 40125 Bologna, Italy. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20475 Darvish-Lecker, Tikva; Kahana, Nava. The destination decision of political migrants: an economic approach. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 5, No. 2, Apr 1992. 145-53 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"This paper deals with the destination decision of political migrants who, in spite of having strong cultural, ideological and religious ties to a particular potential destination, choose to emigrate elsewhere. The model presented characterizes the migrants, who have a choice of two possible destinations, by two properties, skill level and financial resources, and identifies those that move to each destination. The paper examines various immigration-encouraging policies and shows that although all of them will increase immigration, in some cases the economic quality of the new immigrants will rise and in some it will fall. This paper includes general evidence on the present immigration to Israel and some suggestions for empirical tests."
Correspondence: T. Darvish-Lecker, Bar-Ilan University, Department of Economics and Business Administration, 52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20476 Dechaux, Jean-Hugues. Immigrants and the labor market: a new age of immigration? [Les immigres et le monde du travail: un nouvel age de l'immigration?] Observations et Diagnostics Economiques, No. 36, Apr 1991. 85-116, 214 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
Trends in migration to France since the 1974 legislation restricting immigration are described. The author notes that the growing integration of pre-1974 immigrants into the labor force and society is accompanied by a growth in illegal immigration. He concludes that the present situation concerning immigrant labor remains fluid, and that the characteristics of immigrants are extremely diverse.
Correspondence: J.-H. Dechaux, Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques, 69 quai d'Orsay, 75007 Paris, France. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.

58:20477 Diaz-Briquets, Sergio; Weintraub, Sidney. Regional and sectoral development in Mexico as alternatives to migration. Series on Development and International Migration in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Basin, Vol. 2, ISBN 0-8133-8143-6. LC 90-25257. 1991. xvii, 393 pp. Westview Press: Boulder, Colorado/Oxford, England. In Eng.
This is one in a series presenting essays by various authors on the relationship between development and international migration. "The authors of the chapters in this volume examine a number of regional and sectoral developments in Mexico and assess how they are related to undocumented migration to the United States. The fundamental premise driving their analyses is that greater regional and sectoral development constitute the best antidote to undocumented migration." The authors "suggest that more can be done to promote the development of the regions of Mexico from which many undocumented migrants depart....The contributors argue that the role of the central government in Mexico City--almost the only major force in setting regional development policy--should be reduced, and that greater authority and resources should be given to state and local governments for their own development."
Correspondence: Westview Press, 5500 Central Avenue, Boulder, CO 80301. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20478 Duany, Jorge. Caribbean migration to Puerto Rico: a comparison of Cubans and Dominicans. International Migration Review, Vol. 26, No. 1, Spring 1992. 46-66 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"The purpose of this article is to address the questions posed by intra-Caribbean migration in the context of Cuban and Dominican migration to Puerto Rico since 1960. The essay's point of departure is an estimate of the size of the Cuban and Dominican populations on the island. The [first] section compares the mode of incorporation of Cubans and Dominicans into the Puerto Rican housing and labor markets. Finally, the article analyzes the socioeconomic background as well as the political and economic motivations of Cuban and Dominican migrants. The article concludes with suggestions for some avenues for further research and reflection."
Correspondence: J. Duany, University of the Sacred Heart, POB 12383, Loiza Station, Santurce, PR 00914. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20479 Durand, Jorge; Massey, Douglas S. Mexican migration to the United States: a critical review. Latin American Research Review, Vol. 27, No. 2, 1992. 3-42 pp. Albuquerque, New Mexico. In Eng.
The authors attempt a critical review and synthesis of research carried out in Mexico and the United States on migration between the two countries. They begin by examining two issues, "the number of Mexican migrants to the United States and the quantity of their monetary remittances to Mexico--and...then suggest that once rhetoric is separated from fact and analysis from opinion, the various estimates are actually relatively consistent." They also undertake a review of studies on communities sending migrants to the United States. "Our review suggests that only a few community factors account for the diversity of conclusions in different case studies: the age of the migration stream; the degree to which productive resources are equitably distributed; the quality of local resources, especially land; the niche in the U.S. industrial structure where the community's migrants first became established; and the geographic, political, and economic position of the community within Mexico."
Correspondence: J. Durand, University of Guadalajara, Center for Research on Social Movements, Avda. Juarez 974, Sector Juarez, 44100 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

58:20480 Efrat, Elisha. Geographical distribution of the Soviet-Jewish new immigrants in Israel. GeoJournal, Vol. 24, No. 4, 1991. 355-63 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
The influx since 1989 of Jewish immigrants from the Soviet Union to Israel and its impact on the country's spatial distribution are analyzed and compared with a similar mass immigration that took place in the 1950s. The effects of government financial assistance programs, migrants' educational status, and cultural background on migrants' choice of settlement location are assessed.
Correspondence: E. Efrat, Tel Aviv University, Department of Geography, POB 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. Location: Rutgers University Library, New Brunswick, NJ.

58:20481 Gailey, Christine W. A good man is hard to find: overseas migration and the decentered family in the Tongan Islands. Critique of Anthropology, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1992. 47-74 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The impact of widespread international labor migration on the family in Tonga is examined. The author describes how migration has affected gender and kinship relations. She also examines the ways in which church and state ideologies encourage the development of the nuclear family, while overseas labor migration creates a need to maintain extended support systems among family networks.
Correspondence: C. W. Gailey, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

58:20482 Gardner, Robert W. Asian immigration: the view from the United States. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1992. 64-99 pp. Quezon City, Philippines. In Eng.
"The focus of this essay will be restricted to contemporary Asian immigration, especially as it is seen from the United States....I shall examine policies first, followed by data on recent immigration from Asia to the United States. Impacts will be discussed primarily with regard to the United States and to the immigrants themselves. Finally, I will conclude with speculations as to the future course of immigration to the United States from Asia."
Correspondence: R. W. Gardner, East-West Center, East-West Population Institute, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20483 Glebe, Gunther. The Republic of Ireland: industrialization and emigration. [Die Republik Irland: Industrialisierung und Emigration.] Geographische Rundschau, Vol. 43, No. 1, Jan 1, 1991. 52-8 pp. Brunswick, Germany. In Ger.
The industrialization process in Ireland over the past 30 years is examined, and its effects on traditional patterns of large-scale emigration are assessed.
Correspondence: G. Glebe, Universitat Dusseldorf, Geographisches Institut, Universitatsstrasse 1, 4000 Dusseldorf 1, Germany. Location: New York Public Library.

58:20484 Hugo, Graeme. Knocking at the door: Asian immigration to Australia. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1992. 100-44 pp. Quezon City, Philippines. In Eng.
"This paper assesses the level and composition of contemporary Asian immigration to Australia and explores its processes and impacts. The final reversal of the White Australia Policy in the 1970s opened the door to substantial increases in Asian immigration, particularly from Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines, China, India and Hong Kong." Aspects considered include migrant categories, age, sex, and social and economic adaptation to Australia.
Correspondence: G. Hugo, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20485 Japan. Institute of Population Problems (Tokyo, Japan). Compendium of international migration statistics: trends and patterns in Japan and the world. Institute of Population Problems Research Series, No. 268, Mar 29, 1991. iv, 123 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
Selected statistics on international migration are summarized in this report. Part 1 presents statistics concerning Japan, including estimates of foreigners in the country and of Japanese residents overseas. Part 2 contains worldwide data, taken from the Continuous Reporting System on Migration (SOPEMI) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the United Nations, and official national sources. Some detailed data are provided for the United States, Australia, Germany, and France.
Correspondence: Institute of Population Problems, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20486 Kochhar, Rakesh. International labor migration and domestic labor supply. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 5, No. 2, Apr 1992. 113-34 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"This paper constructs a dynamic, general equilibrium framework to study the relationship between international labor migration and domestic labor supply. The general equilibrium nature of the model enables us to endogenize the pattern of labor migration. The effect of labor migration on domestic wage rates and labor supply is shown to depend on the pattern of labor migration. If the substitution effect dominates the income effect in labor supply, the domestic supply of labor necessarily decreases in response to an inflow of migrants....Similarly, if the dominant effect is the income effect, the immigration of labor necessarily increases the domestic supply of labor."
Correspondence: R. Kochhar, Joel Popkin and Company, 1101 Vermont Avenue NW, #201, Washington, D.C. 20005. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20487 Kossoudji, Sherrie A. Playing cat and mouse at the U.S.-Mexican border. Demography, Vol. 29, No. 2, May 1992. 159-80 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author studies the effect of apprehension by border patrols on remigration for Mexicans attempting to enter the United States illegally. She tests hypotheses "about the effects of apprehension on the actual and desired length of stay in the United States and on the frequency of migration for undocumented Mexican male migrants. Results suggest that...migrants stay in the United States longer on non-apprehended trips and stay in Mexico for shorter spells between trips to compensate for the cost of a past apprehension." Policies of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service concerning apprehension are also evaluated.
Correspondence: S. A. Kossoudji, University of Michigan, Department of Economics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20488 Lesthaeghe, Ron; Page, Hilary; Surkyn, Johan. Are immigrants substitutes for births? [Sind Einwanderer ein Ersatz fur Geburten?] Zeitschrift fur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 17, No. 3, 1991. 281-314 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"With a view to the...extremely low fertility level of EC [European Community] citizens, the question arises if the replacement level may be balanced by immigration. This would be so with regard to the period under examination till about the mid-21st century, if each year record numbers of immigrants would be admitted, i.e. at least 1 million persons per year. Simulation models have shown that immigration is not a very reasonable solution to the problem of population aging. Instead of an unrealistic alternation of immigration and emigration waves, an increase in the fertility rate of EC citizens would be a better solution to the problem."
Correspondence: R. Lesthaeghe, Vrije Universiteit, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20489 Levy, Michel. Immigration in France: popular perceptions versus reality. Population Today, Vol. 20, No. 5, May 1992. 6-7 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
In this article, translated from the original French, the author attempts to clarify official French definitions of foreigners, immigrants, and French citizens of foreign origin. He suggests that much of the recent political debate that has occurred in France on the subject of immigration has been muddied by confusion among both politicians and journalists about the actual facts concerning immigration levels, which have remained steady over the past decade.
Correspondence: M. Levy, Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20490 Lundborg, Per. Determinants of migration in the Nordic labor market. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Vol. 93, No. 3, 1991. 363-75 pp. Cambridge, Massachusetts/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Migration flows in the integrated Nordic labor market are heavily dominated by Finnish migration to Sweden. Differences in migration behavior across the Nordic populations are identified. Elasticities of migration are obtained from a logistic human capital model estimated as seemingly unrelated regressions. Differences in migration behavior are shown to exist, but the elasticities are not systematically higher for the Finns as could be expected. The domination of Finnish migration to Sweden is instead explained by real wage differences and since these have narrowed, major migration flows should not be expected in the future, unless large differences in labor market performance arise."
Correspondence: P. Lundborg, Industrial Institute for Economic and Social Research, Stockholm, Sweden. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

58:20491 Maxim, Paul S. Immigrants, visible minorities, and self-employment. Demography, Vol. 29, No. 2, May 1992. 181-98 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This study will focus on the direct impact of visible minority status and origin on the relationships between employment status, nativity, and income. The data for this study were drawn from the public use sample of the 1986 quinquennial census of Canada. Subsamples of native- and foreign-born, self-employed and wage earner respondents are compared on the impact of their socioeconomic characteristics on estimated annual income....The analysis suggests that visible minority-group members who are native-born and self-employed do substantially better than the general self-employed Canadian-born population."
Correspondence: P. S. Maxim, University of Western Ontario, Department of Sociology, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20492 Melotti, Umberto. The challenge of immigration: general issues and the specific problems posed by the case of Italy. [La sfida dell'immigrazione: aspetti generali e problemi specifici del caso italiano.] Quaderni di Azione Sociale, Vol. 38, No. 79, Jan-Feb 1991. 73-101 pp. Rome, Italy. In Ita.
Some general problems posed by immigration in developed Western countries are reviewed, with a focus on immigration to Italy. The author notes that immigration in Italy is distinguished by the concentration of migrants in the tertiary sector of the work force, with only minor migrant participation in the industrial labor force.
Correspondence: U. Melotti, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Sociologia Politica, Via Nomentana 41, 00161 Rome, Italy. Location: New York Public Library.

58:20493 Merkle, Lucie; Zimmermann, Klaus F. Savings, remittances, and return migration. Economics Letters, Vol. 38, No. 1, Jan 1992. 77-81 pp. Lausanne, Switzerland. In Eng.
"We use a data set of immigrants to West Germany to simultaneously study both savings and remittances which we relate to individual characteristics, economic variables, migration experiences and remigration plans. Section 2 discusses the basic hypotheses and explains the data. Section 3 presents the empirical study and Section 4 summarizes." The results suggest that "savings and remittances of migrants can be well explained by remigration plans and economic as well as demographic variables. However, the planned future duration of residence in Germany has a negative and significant effect only on remittances."
Correspondence: K. F. Zimmermann, University of Munich, SELAPO, Ludwigstrasse 28 RG, D-8000 Munich 22, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

58:20494 Meyer, Gunter. Labor migration in the Gulf region and the impact of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. [Arbeitsemigration in die Golfregion und die Folgen des irakischen Uberfalls auf Kuwait.] Erde, Vol. 122, No. 2, 1991. 81-96 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
The impact of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on international labor migration in the Gulf region is assessed. The author notes that there were seven to eight million labor migrants of mainly Arab origin in the region prior to the war, but the proportion of migrants from other Asian countries has increased substantially in the postwar period. The effect on sending countries is noted. The author concludes that labor migration from Egypt, Syria, and other Asian countries is likely to increase, since Yemeni, Jordanian, and Palestinian workers are no longer welcome in many Arab countries.
Correspondence: G. Meyer, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Institut fur Geographie, Kochstrasse 4, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

58:20495 Olea Hernandez, Hector A. Mexican participation in the U.S. labor market: a Tobit simultaneous equation model. [La participacion de indocumentados Mexicanos en Estados Unidos: un modelo Tobit de ecuaciones simultaneas.] Estudios Economicos, Vol. 5, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1990. 83-123, 195 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"This paper addresses the impact of Mexican illegal immigration on the U.S. labor market. It constitutes a first step towards developing rigorous structural econometric models that empirically analyze undocumented labor force dynamics....The empirical specification of the analysis reviews the problems of sample selection and missing observations that characterize the available data on Mexican migration. The proposed empirical specification is evaluated employing limited dependent variables procedures, where a Tobit simultaneous equation model is solved using maximum likelihood methods."
Correspondence: H. A. Olea Hernandez, Rice University, POB 1892, Houston, TX 77251. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

58:20496 Palmer, Ransford W. In search of a better life: perspectives on migration from the Caribbean. ISBN 0-275-93409-8. LC 89-29658. 1990. xxii, 185 pp. Praeger: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
"This volume examines the phenomenon of population migration from the Caribbean and the social, economic, and cultural adaptation of the immigrants to their new environments." It consists of nine papers by various authors grouped under three topics: origins and destinations, settlement and adaptation, and illegal migration. The main regions of destination considered are the United Kingdom and North America.
Correspondence: Praeger, One Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Location: Population Council Library, New York, NY.

58:20497 Papademetriou, Demetrios G.; Martin, Philip L. The unsettled relationship: labor migration and economic development. Contributions in Labor Studies, No. 33, ISBN 0-313-25463-X. LC 90-45603. 1991. xix, 312 pp. Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
The linkages between international migration and the development of countries of migrant origin are explored in this study, which consists of 12 papers by various authors. Following a chapter on conceptual and theoretical issues, chapters examine labor migration from Africa; Greece and Turkey; Asia; and Latin America, Mexico, and the Caribbean. "The clearest lesson to emerge from the case studies in this book is that international migration for employment, whether officially organized or self-motivated but facilitated by ethnic networks, is not a short-cut to effective development--notwithstanding often substantial remittances. Instead, such migration often distorts a country's development in ways that guarantee continued migration pressures."
Correspondence: Greenwood Press, 80 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881. Location: Population Council Library, New York, NY.

58:20498 Pellegrino, Adela. The history of immigration to Venezuela in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Volume 1. [Historia de la inmigracion en Venezuela siglos XIX y XX. Tomo 1.] ISBN 980-6149-71-8. 1989. 432 pp. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Economicas: Caracas, Venezuela. In Spa.
This is the first volume of a history of immigration to Venezuela. The first part describes emigration and changes in migration policy over time in the nineteenth century. The second part is concerned with immigration in the twentieth century. Separate consideration is given to movements from Europe and from South America.
Correspondence: Academia Nacional de Ciencias Economicas, C.C. los Chaguaramos, Piso 4, Ofic. 4-7, Caracas, Venezuela. Location: New York Public Library.

58:20499 Pflaumer, Peter. Age structures of guestworker migrants in Germany: an application of the cluster analysis. In: Data analysis and statistical inference, edited by Siegfried Schach and Gotz Trenkler. 1992. 503-11 pp. Verlag Josef Eul: Bergisch Gladbach, Germany. In Eng.
"This paper describes the development of guestworker migration in and out of West Germany. Statistical cluster analysis was used in order to identify typical age structures of migration." The period covered is from 1965 to 1990.
Correspondence: P. Pflaumer, Fachhochschule Kempten, Department of Economics, Immenstadter Strasse 69, W-8960 Kempten, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20500 Porcel, Baltasar; Roque, Maria A. Migration in the Mediterranean region. [Las migraciones del Mediterraneo.] Politica Exterior, Vol. 4, No. 18, 1990-1991. 128-37 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
The implications for Europe of growing migration pressures in the Mediterranean region are examined. The authors note that it will be necessary to create about 25 million new jobs in the region by the year 2000 to satisfy the projected demand. This will involve controlling the flows of migrants to the north and the movement of capital to the south. The need for the countries of the European Community to act together is stressed.
Location: New York Public Library.

58:20501 Pozzetta, George E. Contemporary immigration and American society. American Immigrants and Ethnicity, Vol. 20, ISBN 0-8240-7420-3. LC 90-49365. 1991. xv, 407 pp. Garland Publishing: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
This is a collection of 23 previously published articles on ethnicity and aspects of immigration to the United States. The primary focus is on immigration since World War II.
Correspondence: Garland Publishing, 717 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10022. Location: Population Council Library, New York, NY.

58:20502 Skeldon, Ronald. International migration within and from the East and Southeast Asian region: a review essay. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1992. 19-63 pp. Quezon City, Philippines. In Eng.
The author reviews the literature on the trends and characteristics of international migration within and from East and Southeast Asia, with a focus on the past 25 years. "Five migration systems are described: settler, student, contract labor, skilled labor, and refugee. Settler migration to the U.S., Canada and Australia has consisted primarily of family members....Contract labor migration, particularly to the Middle East, has provided jobs, foreign currency through remittances and greater participation of women, but also led to illegal migration, skills drain, and labor abuses. The hierarchy of development has led to intra-regional flows: (1) skilled labor mainly from Japan to other countries in the region, and (2) contract labor and illegal migration from the LDCs to the NIEs [newly industrializing economies] and Japan."
Correspondence: R. Skeldon, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20503 Stokes, Bruce. Millions on the move. National Journal, Vol. 23, No. 47, Nov 23, 1991. 2,850-4 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The implications of the collapse of totalitarian regimes for international migration are explored. The author concludes that a significant increase in the volume of such migration will be the main result. The ability of Western governments and societies to cope with the ensuing problems is assessed. The geographical scope is worldwide.
Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.

58:20504 Swindell, Kenneth. International labour migration in Nigeria 1976-1986: employment, nationality and ethnicity. Migration, No. 8, 1990. 135-55 pp. Berlin, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Eng. with sum. in Ger.
International migration trends associated with the oil boom and bust that occurred in Nigeria between 1976 and 1986 are analyzed. "Large numbers came from Ghana..., [and] Niger, Chad and Togo, whose countries were suffering from a mixture of drought, political instability and stagnant economies. The resultant labour market became segmented according to job skills, nationality and ethnicity...." The decline in the oil industry led to the expulsion of some two million aliens between 1983 and 1986, causing considerable friction between Nigeria and its neighbors. The author concludes that "the rise and fall of migrant labour in Nigeria and the political situation within the country were embedded in the changing regional political economy of West Africa and its linkages to the larger world capitalist economy."
Correspondence: K. Swindell, University of Birmingham, School of Geography, P.O. Box 363, Birmingham B15 2TT, England. Location: New York Public Library.

58:20505 Tapinos, Georges. European labor migration. [Les migrations europeennes de main d'oeuvre.] Revue Economique et Sociale, Vol. 49, No. 1, Mar 1991. 34-43 pp. Lausanne, Switzerland. In Fre.
The author reviews recent labor migration flows in Europe and examines possible future trends following the scheduled establishment of closer links among members of the European Community in 1992. Some attention is given to the implications of these trends for Switzerland.
Correspondence: G. Tapinos, Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris, 27 rue Saint-Guillaume, 75341 Paris Cedex 07, France. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.

58:20506 Taylor, J. Edward; Espenshade, Thomas J. Seasonality and the changing role of undocumented immigrants in the California farm labor market. In: U.S. immigration policy reform in the 1980s: a preliminary assessment, edited by Francisco L. Rivera-Batiz, Selig L. Sechzer, and Ira N. Gang. 1991. 65-88 pp. Praeger: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
"This paper examines the role of undocumented workers in California agriculture and the effect of the seasonality of farm production on the distribution of illegal immigrants and other workers across crops, regions, and farm jobs. It also presents a statistical profile of seasonal and year-round workers, both legal and undocumented, in the California farm work force." Data are from a 1983 survey of 1,286 farm workers. The focus of the study is on the crops, regions, and farm jobs most likely to be affected by immigration reform.
This paper was originally presented at the 1989 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.
Correspondence: J. E. Taylor, University of California, Department of Agricultural Economics, Davis, CA 95616. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20507 Trlin, Andrew D.; Spoonley, Paul. New Zealand and international migration. A digest and bibliography, Number 2. ISBN 0-908665-62-8. 1992. iv, 162 pp. Massey University, Department of Sociology: Palmerston North, New Zealand. In Eng.
This is the second volume in a series concerned with the influence of international migration on aspects of social life in New Zealand. The first three chapters focus on immigration policy and its relationship to economic concerns, while Chapters 4 and 5 examine issues concerning immigrants from the Pacific Islands, with an emphasis on the growing number of Islanders who are born in New Zealand, and their impact on the labor force. "In addition, there is an extensive bibliography (793 items) which covers the years 1985-1989, and which should be read in conjunction with the previous bibliography for an overview of material on immigration and New Zealand." The bibliography is unannotated, organized alphabetically by author, and provided with a subject index.
For the previous bibliography, published in 1986, see 54:40515.
Correspondence: Massey University, Department of Sociology, Private Bag, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20508 United Kingdom. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys [OPCS] (London, England). International migration: migrants entering or leaving the United Kingdom and England and Wales, 1990. OPCS Series MN, No. 17, ISBN 0-11-691354-1. 1992. xv, 39 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This volume presents statistics on the flows of international migrants to and from the United Kingdom (UK) [and England and Wales] during the last ten years, but concentrates on detailed figures for the calendar year 1990....The primary source of the data tabulated in this volume is the International Passenger Survey...." Data are included by country on population dynamics, estimates of migratory flows from 1980 to 1990, migrants' origin and destination, citizenship, marital status, and occupation. Numbers of persons accepted for British citizenship are also included by previous nationality for the years 1987-1990.
Correspondence: HMSO Publications Centre, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20509 United States. General Accounting Office [GAO] (Washington, D.C.). Immigration and the labor market: nonimmigrant alien workers in the United States. Pub. Order No. GAO/PEMD-92-17. Apr 1992. 96 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This report analyzes nonimmigrant employment in the United States, with a focus on classes H-1 (aliens of distinguished merit and ability) and L-1 (upper-level intracompany transferees). It attempts to provide answers to the questions "1. What are the existing patterns of nonimmigrant employment? 2. What are the functions of nonimmigrant workers in the businesses employing them? 3. To what extent are nonimmigrant jobs permanent, temporary, or indefinite? 4. To what extent are nonimmigrants becoming immigrants, and what proportion of total legal immigration do they represent? [and] 5. How is the Immigration Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-649) likely to affect the future populations of nonimmigrants?"
Correspondence: U.S. General Accounting Office, Washington, D.C. 20548. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20510 Wilhelm-Pieck-Universitat Rostock. Sektion Geschichte (Rostock, German Democratic Republic). Migration, foreign employment, and labor unions: papers from the Ninth Rostock Migration Colloquium. [Migration, Auslanderbeschaftigung und Gewerkschaften: Materialien des 9. Rostocker Migrations-Kolloquiums.] Fremdarbeiterpolitik des Imperialismus, No. 20, LC 90-156698. 1988. 100 pp. Rostock, German Democratic Republic. In Ger.
This publication contains 14 papers from the Ninth Rostock Migration Colloquium, held in Rostock, East Germany, in 1987. The papers focus on international labor force migration and the role of labor unions. Both historical and current topics are covered. Individual papers deal with West Germany, the United States, Poland, Great Britain, Yugoslavia, and Sweden.
Correspondence: Wilhelm-Pieck-Universitat Rostock, Sektion Geschichte, Wilhelm-Kulz-Platz 4, 0-2500 Rostock, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20511 Winter, Lothar. European community 1992 and labor force migration. [EG '92 und Arbeitskraftewanderung.] Migrationsforschung, No. 25, 1991. 61-75 pp. Rostock, Germany. In Ger.
The projected impact of a more closely unified European Community on international labor force migration is discussed. Consideration is given to the "globalization" of economic processes and to policy implications.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20512 Zhu, Guohong. A historical demography of Chinese migration. Social Sciences in China, Vol. 12, No. 4, Nov 1991. 57-84 pp. Beijing, China. In Eng.
Trends in international migration from China are analyzed from historical times to the present. "The study will involve discussions about the nature of migration and the different forms it took in five different stages, in the light of 1) changes in motivation, 2) type of migration, and 3) the distribution of the out-going population."
Location: Princeton University Library (Gest).

58:20513 Zodgekar, Arvind. British emigrants' expectations and knowledge of New Zealand during 1983. New Zealand Population Review, Vol. 17, No. 2, Nov 1991. 27-45 pp. Wellington, New Zealand. In Eng.
"The present study is based on information collected through a mail questionnaire from prospective British emigrants to New Zealand...[and analyzes] British emigrants' expectations and their knowledge of New Zealand. The majority of emigrants expected to work in the same occupational category in New Zealand but...expected greater job satisfaction....A majority of the lower and middle income emigrants expected to earn relatively more than they were earning in Britain. The emigrants' expectation about the ownership of houses seems very high compared to what they had in Britain....The data from this study indicates that the emigrants obtain straight factual information from the market sources but in order to make a decision to emigrate they primarily resort to subjective information...."
Correspondence: A. Zodgekar, Victoria University, Department of Sociology, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

H.3. Internal Migration

58:20514 Anjomani, Ardeshir; Hariri, Vida. Migration stock and the issue of competing and complementary flows in United States interstate migration. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 5, No. 2, Apr 1992. 87-100 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"The purpose of this paper is to study the determinants of interstate migration in the United States from 1965-1970 when a new change in direction of migration has started, and to examine the flow creation or flow diversion that results from migration to some appealing regions. Several related variables have been selected and tested for gross interstate migration flows. The results show that overall both push and pull factors have not been important....Distance was not found to act as a significant deterrence to migration, whereas population density of origin and destination was significant. Previous migration was found to have a very strong effect on migration. The results of the study also suggested that there has been a major change in the location of growth areas in the United States during 1955-1970."
Correspondence: A. Anjomani, University of Texas, School of Urban and Public Affairs, City and Regional Planning, P.O. Box 19588, Arlington, TX 76019. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20515 Arthur, John A. Interregional migration of labor in Ghana, West Africa: determinants, consequences and policy intervention. Review of Black Political Economy, Vol. 20, No. 2, Fall 1991. 89-103 pp. Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
"This article examines the determinants, consequences and policy intervention measures of the movement of labor within Ghana's administrative regions. The study concludes that the economic inequalities brought about by the uneven distribution of development projects in favor of urban areas causes depressed rural economic conditions, thus spurring rural to urban migration....Secondary determinants are varied, ranging from family obligations to the quest for adventure. The benefits of migration for the rural areas lie mainly in returned migrants' contributions to the economic development of those areas." Data are from the Ghanaian 1960-70 census and the 1975 intercensus.
Correspondence: J. A. Arthur, Augusta College, Department of Sociology, Augusta, GA 30910. Location: Princeton University Library (AAS).

58:20516 Bell, Martin. Internal migration in Australia, 1981-1986. Pub. Order No. 91 0835 4. ISBN 0-644-14362-2. 1992. xxxi, 383 pp. Bureau of Immigration Research: South Carlton, Australia. In Eng.
"This report provides a comprehensive analysis of internal migration in Australia, focusing especially on the 1981-86 intercensal period. It discusses: historical trends in population mobility, aggregate patterns of migration during the 1980s, the demographic characteristics of migrants, internal migration of the overseas-born, mobility of the labour force and intra-urban migration, and provides insights into five key questions: Who moves? Why do they move? Where do they move to? How much movement takes place? and What are the implications?" Data are primarily from the 1986 census.
Correspondence: Australian Government Publishing Service Press, GPO Box 84, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20517 Bengtsson, Tommy. Cohort size and propensity to migrate. Internal migration in Sweden between 1961 and 1988, by age and sex. [Effectif des generations et propension a migrer. La migration interne en Suede de 1961 a 1988, selon l'age et le sexe.] Cahiers Quebecois de Demographie, Vol. 20, No. 1, Spring 1991. 51-68 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
Internal migration patterns in Sweden and the propensity to migrate during the period from 1961 to 1988 are analyzed and compared. The author finds that "significant shifts between different age groups have occurred. However, no generation effect (link between the size of birth groups and migration intensity) can be detected. What seems to be the case...is that a new pattern of migratory movements emerges."
Correspondence: T. Bengtsson, University of Lund, Research Group on Demography and Economics, POB 117, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20518 Bentolila, Samuel; Dolado, Juan J. Mismatch and internal migration in Spain, 1962-1986. Servicio de Estudios Documento de Trabajo, No. 9006, ISBN 84-7793-047-3. 1990. 70 pp. Banco de Espana, Servicio de Estudios: Madrid, Spain. In Eng.
The mismatch between labor supply and demand in Spain between 1962 and 1986 is analyzed, with particular attention given to the impact of high rates of unemployment on internal migration. Data are from official Spanish sources. The authors develop an econometric system modeling internal migration flows and regional wage differentials. "We find, on the one hand, that interregional migration responds significantly to economic variables such as real wage and unemployment differentials, but with a relative small value and also with long lags. On the other hand, the overall unemployment rate and housing price differentials are also found to deter migration."
Correspondence: Banco de Espana, Seccion de Publicaciones, Alcala 50, 28014 Madrid, Spain. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20519 Bergob, Michael J. Where have all the old folks gone? Interprovincial migration of the elderly in Canada: 1981-1986. Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 19, No. 1, 1992. 17-25 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Changes in provincial age structures due to elderly and non-elderly interprovincial migration in Canada were examined for the 1981-86 migration interval. Although elderly and non-elderly migration patterns diverged, non-elderly migration continued to be a better predictor of changes in provincial population age structures than did elderly migration. The rate of change in provincial elderly populations was found to be significantly correlated with net non-elderly migration rates." Data are from official sources.
Correspondence: M. J. Bergob, University of Victoria, Department of Sociology, POB 1700, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20520 Brea, Jorge A. Migration and circulation in Ecuador. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie/Journal of Economic and Social Geography, Vol. 82, No. 3, 1991. 206-19 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This study investigates labor mobility in Ecuador as a function of the socioeconomic structure of places and personal attributes of migrants and circulators (short-term movers)....Particular attention is given to the role of agrarian change in altering established migration and circulation patterns." The author finds that "circulation may significantly alter family organization and the role of women in many Ecuadorian communities."
Correspondence: J. A. Brea, Central Michigan University, Department of Geography, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20521 Champion, Tony; Fielding, Tony. Migration processes and patterns. Volume 1: research progress and prospects. ISBN 1-85293-193-0. LC 91-34230. 1992. xiv, 256 pp. Belhaven Press: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
This is the first of two planned volumes designed to present the results of the latest research and debate on contemporary migration in Britain. They are both the product of the Working Party on Internal Migration set up in 1988 by the Institute of British Geographers. This volume consists of 14 papers by various authors, which are organized under five headings: migration differentials, migration and housing, migration and employment, migration and social change, and the study of migration. The primary focus is on movement within the United Kingdom.
Correspondence: Belhaven Press, 25 Floral Street, London WC2E 9DS, England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20522 DeAre, Diana. Geographical mobility: March 1987 to March 1990. Current Population Reports, Series P-20: Population Characteristics, No. 456, Dec 1991. vii, 357, [15] pp. U.S. Bureau of the Census: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This report provides detailed statistics on the geographical mobility of Americans for the three 12-month periods between March 1987 and March 1990. The data were collected in the March Current Population Surveys of 1988, 1989, and 1990. Mobility status is determined by asking respondents if they were living in the same residence (house or apartment) one year earlier; for persons who changed residence, additional questions are asked to identify county and city of residence one year earlier." Many of these data are presented separately by race and Hispanic origin, age, sex, and income.
Correspondence: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20523 Fielding, A. J. Migration and social mobility: South East England as an escalator region. Regional Studies, Vol. 26, No. 1, 1992. 1-15 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
"This paper uses data from the OPCS [Office of Population Censuses and Surveys] Longitudinal Study and the National Health Service Central Register to examine the contention that the South East region of England acts as a kind of 'upward social class escalator' within the British urban and regional system. To establish that this is so it is shown firstly, that the South East attracts to itself through inter-regional migration a more than proportional share of the potentially upwardly mobile young adults; secondly, that it promotes these young people along with its own young adults at rates which are higher than elsewhere in the country; and finally, that a significant proportion of those who achieve these higher levels of status and pay then 'step off' the escalator. They do this by migrating away from the South East at later stages of their working lives and at or near to retirement."
Correspondence: A. J. Fielding, University of Sussex, Centre for Urban and Regional Research, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QN, England. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).

58:20524 Haag, G.; Munz, M.; Pumain, D.; Sanders, L.; Saint-Julien, T. Interurban migration and the dynamics of a system of cities: 1. The stochastic framework with an application to the French urban system. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 24, No. 2, Feb 1992. 181-98 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"A stochastic framework for the modelling of interurban migration is presented. The model is an extension of a recently developed master-equation approach to interregional migration. The population dynamics of the French urban system, described by a set of 78 cities, is investigated within the period 1954-82. The importance of synergy effects (self-reinforcing collective effects) as well as socioeconomic macrovariables for the understanding of urban dynamics becomes obvious. A forecasting of urban dynamics...[up to the year 2002 confirms] this result and [gives] further insight into the nested structure of urban systems."
Correspondence: G. Haag, University of Stuttgart, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-7000 Stuttgart 80, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).

58:20525 Islam, Muhammed N.; Choudhury, Saud A. Self-selection and intermunicipal migration in Canada. Regional Science and Urban Economics, Vol. 20, No. 4, Feb 1991. 459-72 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper investigates individual intermunicipal migration behaviour in Canada within the context of a human capital model that adjusts for the migrant's selectivity in computing expected income gains. In addition to the typical regional determinants of migration, housing and labour market characteristics are found to influence intermunicipal migration significantly, the effects differing with age. Structural coefficients remained more or less stable during the decade 1971-1981. It is shown that the failure to adjust income gains for selectivity bias results in an underestimation of the migration-impacts of income gains and municipal-specific factors."
Correspondence: M. N. Islam, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 7B8, Canada. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.

58:20526 Jackman, Richard; Savouri, Savvas. Regional migration in Britain: an analysis of gross flows using NHS Central Registar data. Centre for Economic Performance Discussion Paper, No. 27, Mar 1991. 88 pp. London School of Economics and Political Science, Centre for Economic Performance: London, England. In Eng.
The authors extend the use of a hiring function model, whereby job seekers are matched with vacancies, to the analysis of regional migration in Britain. Annual data from the National Health Service Central Register for 1975-1989 are used to "show that unemployment and vacancy rates, distance and an index of similarities across regions in industry based employment composition help determine migration flows across regions. The hiring function approach offers a consistent way of modelling gross and net flows, and helps explain both the high level of gross relative to net flows and the tendency for migration to fall in a recession even when unemployment differentials widen."
Correspondence: London School of Economics and Political Science, Centre for Economic Performance, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, England. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.

58:20527 Kahley, William J. Population migration in the United States: a survey of research. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review, Vol. 76, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1991. 12-21 pp. Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
"Migration behavior can strongly influence a region's economic development. Understanding the motivations for migration is important to state and local policymakers because in-migrants can fuel job growth and stimulate construction activity, but they can also overburden roads, schools, and other infrastructure. This article provides insights into the determinants of migration through an overview of theories on the subject and a survey of relevant literature. The author also reports the findings of his own empirical work concerning the influence of certain economic variables." The geographical focus is on the United States.
Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.

58:20528 Kalipeni, Ezekiel. Population redistribution in Malawi since 1964. Geographical Review, Vol. 82, No. 1, Jan 1992. 13-28 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Efforts to encourage internal migration in Malawi are assessed using factor and regression analyses of census data. The pattern of population concentration shifted during the past three decades at both the national and regional levels. Census data show that efforts to redress the spatial imbalance in regional development have resulted in spontaneous migration. Although this trend has alleviated the problem of regional overpopulation, there is an urgent need to reduce the annual growth rate of 3.3 percent."
Correspondence: E. Kalipeni, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

58:20529 Li, Wen Lang. Migration, urbanization, and regional development: toward a state theory of urban growth in mainland China. Issues and Studies, Vol. 28, No. 2, Feb 1992. 84-102 pp. Taipei, Taiwan. In Eng.
"This paper examines the dynamic changes in mainland China's migration and urbanization patterns over the last forty years. The theoretical focus is on the interplay between Confucian and Marxist cultural factors in determining contemporary Chinese regional development....A brief sketch of the state's role in mainland China's urban growth is first presented and then the dynamics of regional distribution and general migration behavior are described. Next, Maoist experiments with regional population redistribution are discussed, as well as the special characteristics of Chinese migration behavior under a strong state intervention system. Finally, mainland China's overall success in reducing regional inequality is assessed. The empirical findings of this study are then formulated into four theoretical generalizations, providing some preliminary corollaries to the state theory of urban growth."
Correspondence: W. L. Li, Ohio State University, Department of Sociology, Columbus, OH 43210. Location: Princeton University Library (Gest).

58:20530 Mehta, Swarnjit. Spatial mobility in India: evolving patterns, emerging issues and implications. Population Geography, Vol. 12, No. 1-2, Jun-Dec 1990. 1-9 pp. Chandigarh, India. In Eng.
"This study examines the patterns of spatial mobility in India as expressed at the inter-state level for the post-Independence period. Comparing these patterns with those which had been evolving throughout the colonial period the paper probes into the processes of dislocation of people in the context of India's development strategy....The analysis points out the complex interrelationships with the nature of socio-economic development and suggests alternatives for stemming distress migration from the backward regions."
Correspondence: S. Mehta, Panjab University, Department of Geography, Chandigarh 160 014, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20531 Mulder, Clara H. Internal migration of Dutch birth cohorts: theoretical backgrounds and research activities. PDOD Paper, No. 10, Mar 1992. 13 pp. Universiteit van Amsterdam, Postdoctorale Onderzoekersopleiding Demografie [PDOD]: Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper gives an outline of the research project 'Internal migration of Dutch birth cohorts: macro and micro perspectives on the life course'....First, a brief introduction is given to the origins of this project's research problem. Then, the theoretical framework is described, proceeding from general notions on human behaviour to notions more specifically related to migration behaviour. Next, the implications for research priorities are discussed. A final section describes the research questions...." The data concern Dutch birth cohorts born since 1930.
Correspondence: Universiteit van Amsterdam, Postdoctorale Onderzoekersopleiding Demografie, Planologisch en Demografisch Instituut, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20532 Muller, Jean-Claude. Problems of visualization of interstate migrations in the United States. [Le probleme des visualisations des migrations inter-Etats aux Etats-Unis.] Espace, Populations, Societes, No. 3, 1991. 459-65 pp. Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The author describes difficulties involved in mapping the large amounts of complex data involved in assessing migratory flows among many places of origin and destination. He suggests a graphical matrix display approach as a solution, using data on interstate migration in the United States as an illustration.
Correspondence: J.-C. Muller, International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences, 350 Boulevard 1945, 7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20533 Nabi, A. K. M. Nurun. Dynamics of internal migration in Bangladesh. Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 19, No. 1, 1992. 81-98 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Inter-regional net migration rates for Bangladesh have been estimated using the available data set from the 1974 and 1981 census reports. A multiple regression model of internal migration in Bangladesh has failed to support the argument that internal migratory flows are determined by high population density. The development of the agrarian social structure of this country is rooted in the historical evolution of the land tenure system. The analysis indicates support for the argument that the unequal hierarchical relations of the people to the land in Bangladesh condition the process by which migration takes place."
Correspondence: A. K. M. N. Nabi, University of Alberta, Department of Sociology, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H4, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20534 Patacsil, Prudante M. Migrant characteristics and migration motivation of women in the Philippines, 1988. In: Studies in African and Asian demography: CDC Annual Seminar, 1990. 1991. 791-830 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
The author examines characteristics and motivations of women migrants in the Philippines, using data from that country's 1988 National Demographic Survey for a sample of ever-married women aged 15-49. Aspects considered include rural or urban place of origin and destination, age, marital status, educational level, economic activity, and occupation. Reasons for moving and for choosing a particular place of destination are also explored.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20535 Perez, Aurora E. An analysis of the effects of fertility on women's spatial mobility in the Philippines. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, Vol. 6, No. 4, Dec 1991. 35-66 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"This article attempts an empirical investigation of the...effects of fertility on migration [in the Philippines]. It is based on the assumption that fertility has certain inhibiting effects on the spatial mobility of women. Given the benefits from migration in developing countries accruing to single young females and their kin, [there are] major policy implications [for] delayed marriage and first births as well as the spacing of subsequent births. It concludes that population policies and programmes promoting these can certainly enhance the spatial mobility of ever-married women...." Data are from a 1983 survey of 10,843 ever-married women aged 15-49.
This paper was originally presented at the 1991 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.
Correspondence: A. E. Perez, University of the Philippines, Population Institute, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20536 Pescador, Juan J. Female in-migration, employment, and family in a parish of Mexico City: Santa Catarina, 1775-1790. [Inmigracion femenina, empleo y familia en una parroquia de la ciudad de Mexico: Santa Catarina, 1775-1790.] Estudios Demograficos y Urbanos, Vol. 5, No. 3, Sep-Dec 1990. 729-54, 827-8 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"The purpose of this article is to identify and evaluate the impacts of growing female in-migration to Mexico City at the close of the eighteenth century, analyzing for the case of the parish of Santa Catarina the proportion of men/women in the certificates of baptisms and burials...." Consideration is given to family formation, government policy, urbanization, and employment opportunities and their impact on family life.
Correspondence: J. J. Pescador, El Colegio de Mexico, Centro de Estudios Demograficos y de Desarrollo Urbano, Camino al Ajusco 20, 10740 Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20537 Plane, David A. Age-composition change and the geographical dynamics of interregional migration in the U.S. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 82, No. 1, Mar 1992. 64-85 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper argues that the changing age composition of the nation's population has contributed significantly to recent major shifts in U.S. interregional migration. During the 1970s, the large baby-boom generation came of age, and the net outflow of population from the Northeast and Midwest regions to the South and West regions increased precipitously, with net migration between these regions reaching a level in 1975-80 approximately three times greater than in 1955-60 or 1965-70. To clarify the different ways that age-composition change has influenced such recent trends, three hypotheses are explored using a spatial shift-share decomposition model."
Correspondence: D. A. Plane, University of Arizona, Department of Geography and Regional Development, Tucson, AZ 85721. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

58:20538 Rakowski, Witold; Poniatowska-Jaksch, Malgorzata. Changes in the geographical mobility of the population of Poland. [Zmiany mobilnosci przestrzennej ludnosci Polski.] Wiadomosci Statystyczne, No. 10, Oct 1991. 28-33 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol.
Spatial mobility in Poland is analyzed for the period 1976-1989. The focus is on the decline in internal migration over time and its causes. The analysis includes migration between rural and urban areas as well as migration among voivodships. Factors affecting migration include changes in the age distribution; however, the authors conclude that changes in migration patterns are primarily due to socioeconomic factors, particularly the economic crises the country has faced in recent years.
Correspondence: W. Rakowski, Szkola Glowna Handlowa, Al. Niepodleglosci 162, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20539 Sastry, M. Lakshminarayan. Estimating the economic impacts of elderly migration: an input-output analysis. Growth and Change, Vol. 23, No. 1, Winter 1992. 54-79 pp. Lexington, Kentucky. In Eng.
"This paper quantifies...the economic impacts of elderly in-migration on the output, earnings, and employment of a receiving state's economy. Data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey and estimates of the total redistribution of income to Florida resulting from elderly in-migration are used to calculate the direct effects by industry. A model for the state of Florida based on the Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II) is used to estimate the total impacts. The large migration flows and the considerable economic resources of the elderly lead to large, positive total impacts on the Florida economy."
Correspondence: M. L. Sastry, Princeton University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue, Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

58:20540 Schmertmann, Carl P. Estimation of historical migration rates from a single census: interregional migration in Brazil 1900-1980. Population Studies, Vol. 46, No. 1, Mar 1992. 103-20 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"The author proposes an indirect method for estimating trends in historical migration rates, based on data commonly available from a single census. The method exploits the logical relationship between cohorts' lifetime and single-period transition probabilities, by comparing observed lifetime migration probabilities with those expected under various parametric time trends in period migration rates. In tests with figures from Brazil's Census of 1980, the proposed method performs very well. It identifies all major trends in twentieth-century Brazilian interregional migration. When combined with rough estimates of past populations at risk of migration, it yields estimates of historical migration flows which are quantitatively similar to estimates from standard multiple-census methods. In addition, because the new method permits estimation of gross (rather than only net) historical flows, it leads to insights about past migration which are not possible with standard methods."
Correspondence: C. P. Schmertmann, Florida State University, Center for the Study of Population, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4063. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20541 Singh, J. P. Migration in India: a review. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1992. 168-92 pp. Quezon City, Philippines. In Eng.
The author reviews the literature on migration in India over the past 40 years. Aspects considered include volume of migration, spatial patterns, migration streams, migrant characteristics, and causes and consequences of migration.
Correspondence: J. P. Singh, Patna University, Patna 800 005, Bihar State, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20542 Stinner, William F.; Van Loon, Mollie; Byun, Yongchan. Plans to migrate in and out of Utah. Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 76, No. 3, Apr 1992. 131-7 pp. Los Angeles, California. In Eng.
Data from the Statewide Migration Telephone Survey of 1988 are used to analyze migration trends affecting the state of Utah. Particular attention is given to the impact of Mormonism, the state's majority religion, on migration.
Correspondence: W. F. Stinner, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

58:20543 Strzelecki, Zbigniew; Witkowski, Janusz. Migration and population ageing: a case of Poland. Polish Population Review, No. 1, 1991. 59-72 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Eng.
The effect of internal migration on population aging in Poland is assessed, using data for the years 1950-1988. Trends are presented for the country as a whole, by individual voivodship, and for rural regions that have experienced rapid depopulation. The authors conclude that "internal migrations have no direct influence on the population's ageing process, and [are] insignificant. The influence grows in the spatial perspective; it becomes strongest in the case of migrations between urban and rural areas. Its intensity is best revealed in the...depopulation in rural areas."
Correspondence: Z. Strzelecki, Warsaw School of Economics, A1. Niepodleglosci 162, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20544 Strzelecki, Zbigniew; Witkowski, Janusz. Migration and the population aging process in Poland. [Migracje a proces starzenia sie ludnosci Polski.] Biuletyn IGS, Vol. 33, No. 1, 1990. 39-52 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The impact of internal migration on demographic aging in Poland is analyzed. The authors note that migration accelerates this process in rural areas but acts to slow it down in urban ones. The most affected rural regions of the country are identified.
Correspondence: J. Witkowski, Ul. Sosabowskiego 5 m 9, 03 983 Warsaw, Poland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20545 Taubmann, Wolfgang. Spatial mobility and socioeconomic development in China since the beginning of the 1980s. [Raumliche Mobilitat und sozio-okonomische Entwicklung in der VR China seit Beginn der 80er Jahre.] Erde, Vol. 122, No. 3, 1991. 161-78 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
Changes in internal migration patterns in China since the beginning of the 1980s are analyzed. The emphasis is on how the economic reforms of the 1970s have affected migration, which used to be governed primarily by political considerations. "Though the old barriers restricting rural-urban migration, especially the household-registration system, are still valid, cities nevertheless suffer from migration-pressure, caused by the agricultural reforms and the continuing economic disparities between city and country. Migrants into cities and towns, still registered as rural inhabitants, are called 'floating population'. Quite a big number (about 15 million people) already have been staying in the cities for more than one year. The drawbacks and advantages for the cities of these mobile population groups are discussed in detail."
Correspondence: W. Taubmann, Universitat Bremen, Fachbereich 8--Geographie, Bibliotheksstrasse, D-2800 Bremen, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

58:20546 United Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs (New York, New York). Preparing migration data for subnational population projections. No. ST/ESA/SER.A/127, Pub. Order No. E.92.XIII.6. ISBN 92-1-151243-3. 1992. vii, 46 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The publication reviews the different types of data generally available for estimating internal migration in developing countries, delineates the methods for transforming different types of data into the form necessary for subnational population projections, discusses the formulation of migration assumptions and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different data sources and methods for preparing migration input for subnational projections."
Correspondence: U.N. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, Sales Section, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20547 Voss, Paul R.; Fuguitt, Glenn V. The impact of migration on Southern rural areas of chronic depression. Rural Sociology, Vol. 56, No. 4, Winter 1991. 660-79 pp. College Station, Texas. In Eng.
"By examining the 1979 [U.S.] income status of 1975-1980 inmigrants, outmigrants, and nonmigrants, we gauged the income effects of migration for a group of chronic low-income counties in the nonmetropolitan South. The effects are demonstrated to be positive for the migrants themselves and negative for the low-income counties. In both instances, however, the effects are unexpectedly small. By considering both in- and outmigrants, we show that these counties experienced a remarkable degree of income replacement and also present evidence that the results are not primarily due to the particular migration period under study. The findings give additional evidence of the substantial inefficiency at work in American migration patterns."
Correspondence: P. R. Voss, University of Wisconsin, Department of Rural Sociology, Madison, WI 53706. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20548 Yang, Xiushi. Population mobility in Zhejiang, China. Pub. Order No. DA9204990. 1991. 253 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
This study is concerned with the relationship between economic reforms since 1976 and spatial mobility in China. It was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at Brown University.
Correspondence: University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 52(9).

H.4. Settlement and Resettlement

58:20549 Edwards, Beatrice; Siebentritt, Gretta T. Places of origin: the repopulation of rural El Salvador. ISBN 1-55587-241-7. LC 90-47205. 1991. x, 158 pp. Lynne Rienner: Boulder, Colorado/London, England. In Eng.
This is a "detailed account of the collective return of refugees and displaced persons, despite a continuing civil war, to the villages they once fled in rural El Salvador....The authors' analysis of the repopulation of conflict zones in El Salvador chronicles the Salvadoran army's displacement operations, the hardships associated with displacement..., the mechanics of popular organization, the negotiating skill of grassroots groups that led to successive collective returns, and the stance of the Salvadoran government and armed forces with respect to repopulation. The book is based on two years of on-site research among the displaced, as well as on extensive interviews with civilian authorities, the military, and nongovernmental organizations in El Salvador."
Correspondence: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1800 30th Street, Boulder, CO 80301. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20550 Hiltermann, Joost R. Soviet immigration and the seizure of Jerusalem. [L'immigration sovietique et la mainmise sur Jerusalem.] Revue d'Etudes Palestiniennes, No. 40, 1991. 61-76 pp. Paris, France. In Eng.
The recent settlement in Israel and the Occupied Territories of the large-scale immigration of Jews primarily from the former USSR is analyzed. The focus is on efforts by the Israeli government to promote Jewish settlement as a whole and on the settlement of immigrants in East Jerusalem. The author also examines U.S. policy concerning these issues and concludes that the U.S. government, while still opposing the settlement of immigrants in the Occupied Territories, has tacitly accepted Israel's policy of incorporating a reunited Jerusalem within Israel, and of allowing immigrants to be settled in East Jerusalem.
Location: Princeton University Library (SY).

58:20551 Katz, Yossi. Transfer of population as a solution to international disputes: population exchanges between Greece and Turkey as a model for plans to solve the Jewish-Arab dispute in Palestine during the 1930s. Political Geography, Vol. 11, No. 1, Jan 1992. 55-72 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
The author explores the reasons for the failure of a plan for population exchanges that took place between Jews and Arabs in Palestine in the 1930s. Special focus is given to the success of previous exchanges between Greece and Turkey that took place during the 1920s and why this model failed in Palestine. The author concludes that "the Zionist plans which assumed that one could encourage voluntary transfer by creating attractive economic conditions in the target areas, did not take into account the factors of nationalism, ties to place of residence, religion, etc. These factors carried no less weight than the economic factor and they could effectively prevent any voluntary transfer of the Arab population."
Correspondence: Y. Katz, Bar Ilan University, Department of Geography, Ramat-Gan 52100, Israel. Location: New York Public Library.

58:20552 Leinbach, Thomas R.; Watkins, John F.; Bowen, John. Employment behavior and the family in Indonesian transmigration. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 82, No. 1, Mar 1992. 23-47 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This study is concerned with employment behavior among migrants who have been resettled in South Sumatra through Indonesia's program of transmigration from the densely populated inner islands to farms on the less densely populated outer ones. The focus is on the analysis of employment off the farm as a major factor in the survival strategies of individual families.
Correspondence: T. R. Leinbach, University of Kentucky, Department of Geography, Lexington, KY 40506-0027. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

58:20553 United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa [ECA] (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia). Guidelines on the methods of evaluating the socio-economic and demographic consequences of refugees in African countries. Pub. Order No. ECA/POP/TP91/6 2.3ii. Nov 1991. iii, 103 pp. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In Eng.
This report presents guidelines on methods of evaluating both the socioeconomic impact of refugee movements and the programs developed for refugees in Africa. Consideration is given to methodology and to data collection. The report begins by describing the refugee situation in Africa, including causes of migration and refugee characteristics. It then looks at definitions, theories, and solutions to refugee problems and concludes with the guidelines.
Correspondence: U.N. Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

H.5. Temporary Migration

58:20554 Cinel, Dino. The national integration of Italian return migration, 1870-1929. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Modern History, ISBN 0-521-40058-9. LC 91-6989. 1991. vi, 280 pp. Cambridge University Press: New York, New York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"This book examines the return migration to Italy from the United States from 1870-1929. A large number of Italians did not intend to settle permanently in the United States. Rather, they emigrated temporarily to the United States to make money in order to buy land in Italy. The book documents the flow back to Italy of individuals and remittances and discusses the strategies used by returnees in investing American savings."
Correspondence: Cambridge University Press, Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP, England. Location: New York Public Library.

58:20555 Longino, Charles F.; Serow, William J. Regional differences in the characteristics of elderly return migrants. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, Vol. 47, No. 1, 1992. S38-43 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Data from the 1980 U.S. census are examined for regional patterns in characteristics among return migrants. "We examined return migrants age 60+ and argue that...they fall into two primary types of movers: provincial return migrants and counterstream return migrants. When profiled as a whole...return migrants are older and more residentially dependent than nonreturn migrants....Provincial return migration seems strongest in the South...and counterstream return migration seems strongest in the Northeast. Conceivably it is not a return to one's state of birth that is at issue among counterstream migrants, but rather a return from a Sunbelt retirement move to an earlier place of residence, regardless of whether one was born there." Ethnic differences among migrants are considered.
Correspondence: C. F. Longino, Wake Forest University, Department of Sociology, Winston-Salem, NC 27109. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

H.6. Rural-Urban Migration

58:20556 Banerjee, Biswajit. The determinants of migrating with a pre-arranged job and of the initial duration of urban unemployment: an analysis based on Indian data on rural-to-urban migrants. Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 36, No. 2, Oct 1991. 337-51 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Based on survey data on 1,400 rural migrants in Delhi, this paper examines within a multivariate context the determinants of migrating with a pre-arranged job and of the initial duration of urban unemployment. The results show that the probability of moving with a pre-arranged job increases with education and with age, and is higher for those who seek non-manual jobs. For migrants who arrive in the city without a pre-arranged job, unemployment duration depends on marital status, premigration information on urban employment opportunities, and on the reliance on contacts for job search."
Correspondence: B. Banerjee, International Monetary Fund, 700 19th Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20431. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.

58:20557 Lewis, G. J.; McDermott, P.; Sherwood, K. B. The counter-urbanization process: demographic restructuring and policy response in rural England. Sociologia Ruralis, Vol. 31, No. 4, 1991. 309-20 pp. Assen, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
The authors note that the trend toward counter-urbanization has continued in England and Wales through the 1980s and early 1990s. The impact of this trend on the rural economy and society, particularly the housing market, is examined.
Correspondence: G. J. Lewis, University of Leicester, Department of Geography, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, England. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

58:20558 Negrete Salas, Maria E. Migration to Mexico City: a multifaceted process. [La migracion a la ciudad de Mexico: un proceso multifacetico.] Estudios Demograficos y Urbanos, Vol. 5, No. 3, Sep-Dec 1990. 641-54, 825-6 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"In this paper, the author analyzes the evolution of migration to Mexico City based on information generated by the National Survey on Migration to Urban Areas....The findings support the hypothesis that there has been a decrease in the intensity of in-migration towards capital. The rural origin of the migrants prevails; the majority of these are young people coming from the states closest to the city, with low levels of schooling. An increase is observed in out-migration from Mexico City to other major cities in the country...."
Correspondence: M. E. Negrete Salas, El Colegio de Mexico, Centro de Estudios Demograficos y de Desarrollo Urbano, Camino al Ajusco 20, 10740 Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

58:20559 Ruppert, Helmut. The responses of different ethnic groups in the Sudan to rural-urban migration: a comparative study. GeoJournal, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1991. 7-12 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The study of the rural-urban migration of three Sudanese ethnic groups, the Nuba, the Zaghawa and the Hadandawa, has shown that the different cultural and socio-economic conditions in their homelands have decisive influence on their readiness to migrate, the migratory processes and the behaviour patterns connected with their migration."
Correspondence: H. Ruppert, University of Bayreuth, Institute of Geosciences, 8580 Bayreuth, Germany. Location: Rutgers University Library, New Brunswick, NJ.

58:20560 Tisdell, Clem. Rural-urban migration, population and labour allocation: labour surplus models and alternatives. Indian Journal of Quantitative Economics, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1988. 15-27 pp. Armritsar, India. In Eng.
The author examines the relationship between the existence of a labor surplus in rural areas and rural-urban migration using various modeling techniques. Particular attention is given to the situation in developing countries.
Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.

58:20561 Vishwanath, Tara. Information flow, job search, and migration. Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 36, No. 2, Oct 1991. 313-35 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"In this paper, an individual model of rural-urban migration is studied, emphasizing the effects of information flow and urban wage dispersion. Migration is viewed in the context of a lifetime program of job search. It is shown that migration can occur even when the mean urban wage is no larger than the rural income flow....Both the shape and spread of the urban wage dispersion are shown to affect migration behavior significantly." The geographical focus is on developing countries.
Correspondence: T. Vishwanath, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.