57:40653 Faust,
Kimberly; Bach, Rebecca; Gadalla, Saad; Khattab, Hind; Gulick,
John. Mass education, Islamic revival, and the population
problem in Egypt. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, Vol. 22,
No. 3, Autumn 1991. 329-41 pp. Calgary, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Spa.
"Caldwell has postulated five mechanisms by which mass
education affects families, resulting in lower fertility....In this
paper...we apply the findings of research done among Cairo schoolgirls
and their mothers in 1980-83 to each of Caldwell's five hypotheses."
The authors find support for "four of Caldwell's mechanisms: reduction
of children's work potential, increased cost of children, prolonged
dependency of children on family, and the school system's speeding of
cultural change. However, Caldwell's fifth mechanism, propagation of
Western middle-class values, is not wholly supported, particularly
because of Islamic values concerning parental authority and influence,
strongly promoted by Egyptian public education curricula. We
hypothesize that this educational influence of the Islamic Revival may
be a cause of the faltering, in recent years, of Egypt's population
control program which had made [a] promising start after the 1952
Revolution."
This is a revised version of a paper originally
presented at the 1987 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America (see Population Index, Vol. 53, No. 3, Fall 1987, p.
452).
For the article by John C. Caldwell, published in 1980, see
47:1323.
Correspondence: K. Faust, University of North
Carolina, Department of Sociology, Carolina Population Center,
University Square 300A, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997. Location:
Princeton University Library (SSA).
57:40654 Norvez,
Alain. From birth to school: health, child care, and
preschool in contemporary France. [De la naissance a l'ecole:
sante, modes de garde et prescolarite dans la France contemporaine.]
Travaux et Documents Cahier, No. 126, ISBN 2-7332-0126-3. 1990. xii,
463, 22 pp. Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]: Paris,
France; Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
This is an analysis of the population of preschool age in France.
The first part concentrates on the demography of this age group, and
describes the relevant demographic trends since 1870, particularly the
decline in the demographic size of this group vis-a-vis the population
as a whole. The second part describes child health and social policies
developed since 1945. The third and final part examines the child-care
services formed in response to such changes as increased female labor
force participation.
Correspondence: Presses Universitaires
de France, Departement des Revues, 14 Avenue du Bois-de-l'Epine, B.P.
90, 91003 Evry Cedex, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
57:40655 Williams,
Linda B. Development, demography, and family
decision-making: the status of women in rural Java. Brown
University Studies in Population and Development, ISBN 0-8133-8020-0.
LC 90-32924. 1990. xvii, 157 pp. Westview Press: Boulder,
Colorado/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In this book the author examines
the status of women within the family in rural Indonesia from the
historical role they have played in Indonesian society to their current
status in household decision-making. [She] considers the
intergenerational dynamics involved in making marriage decisions, the
effects of migration on a woman's ability to control major household
decisions, and how the status of women within the family affects the
use of contraception among Javanese couples. The study shows that
marital duration and the education of both spouses' fathers are among
the strongest predictors of both husbands' and wives' perceptions of
their abilities to affect the marriage decision." The importance of
urban residence and separation from parents on women's autonomy is
noted. "Women's power within the household is shown to have a strong
negative effect on contraceptive use. The author finds that women with
little input into household decisions are most likely to succumb to
external pressure urging the adoption of family-planning
practices."
Correspondence: Westview Press, 5500 Central
Avenue, Boulder, CO 80301. Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
57:40656 Gobalet,
Jeanne G.; Lapkoff, Shelley. Changing from at large to
district election of trustees in two California community college
districts: a study of contrasts. Applied Demography, Vol. 6, No.
2, Summer 1991. 1-5 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"In this paper, we
describe the legal, political, and practical demographic issues and
contrast the processes and outcomes of changing election methods
in...two community college districts [in California]....Table 1
summarizes some important contrasts. In both community college
districts, the decision to change from at large election of trustees to
election from single member districts resulted from pressure from
Latino (Mexican American) community groups...."
This is a revised
version of a paper originally presented at the 1991 Annual Meeting of
the Population Association of America.
Correspondence: J.
G. Gobalet, 22361 Rolling Hills Road, Saratoga, CA 95070.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40657 King,
Miriam L. "The quantum of happiness": the politics of
American population debates, 1850-1930. Pub. Order No. DA9112588.
1990. 318 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan.
In Eng.
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the
University of Pennsylvania.
Correspondence: University
Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI
48106-1346. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A:
Humanities and Social Sciences 51(12).
57:40658 Molina,
Stefano. Demographic change and political
representation. [Changement demographique et representation
politique.] Futuribles, No. 144, Jun 1990. 59-68 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre.
The political implications of demographic aging in Italy are
reviewed. The main features identified are a shift in the balance of
the electorate toward the south, and the increasing electoral
importance of older voters.
Correspondence: S. Molina,
Fondazione Agnelli, Turin, Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
57:40659 Sebbag,
Georges. Nuuumbers. [Nooombres.] Debat, No. 60,
May-Aug 1990. 229-49 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The problems posed
by rapid population growth around the world are discussed. The author
concludes that democracy as a political system cannot survive unless
population growth can be controlled.
Location: New York
Public Library.
57:40660 Winter, J.
M. Demographic history and the political economy of war in
Western Europe, 1914-1918. Annales de Demographie Historique,
1990. 379-407 pp. Paris, France. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This
paper presents some demographic evidence to support the claim that the
defence of public health through the maintenance of living standards
was one of the prerequisites of military victory in the 1914-18 war. An
analysis of civilian mortality trends demonstrates this gap between the
adversary camps. We then offer an explanation as to how the Allies
succeeded in this domestic task, and the Central Powers did not. The
argument is that, in addition to a more effective blockade, the Allied
political economy balanced the demands of the military and civilian
sectors, whereas the German political economy, the first
'military-industrial complex' in history, did not. The militarization
of the economy impoverished the population, which became intolerable
once hopes of military victory faded in 1918. The result was domestic
collapse and military defeat."
Correspondence: J. M.
Winter, University of Cambridge, Pembroke College, Cambridge CB2 1RF,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40661 Akin, John
S.; Guilkey, David K.; Popkin, Barry M. The production of
infant health: input demand and health status differences related to
gender of the infant. Research in Population Economics, Vol. 7,
1991. 267-89 pp. Greenwich, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
The authors collected data on all births between May 1, 1983, and
April 30, 1984, in the Cebu City area of the Philippines island of
Cebu. Some 3,080 mothers were studied in order to "test the effects of
gender preferences on infant health within the context of a
well-defined model. This model considers the mechanisms by which
sociocultural and biological factors affect infant health." The
authors conclude that although there are some minor gender-related
differences in health input demands, they should have little impact on
the cohort's actual health outcomes.
Correspondence: J. S.
Akin, University of North Carolina, Carolina Population Center,
University Square 300A, Chapel Hill, NC 27514-3997. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40662 Becchia,
Alain. Towns that were spared? The 1832 cholera epidemic
at Elbeuf. [Des villes epargnees? L'epidemie de cholera de 1832 a
Elbeuf.] Annales de Demographie Historique, 1990. 53-70 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
Reasons why the French industrial
town of Elbeuf was relatively unaffected by the cholera epidemic of
1832 are examined. The main reasons identified are public health and
social welfare measures, especially those that reduced the
vulnerability of the poor to the disease.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40663 Biraben,
Jean-Noel. Pasteur, pasteurization, and medicine. In:
The decline of mortality in Europe, edited by R. Schofield, D. Reher,
and A. Bideau. 1991. 220-32 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In
Eng.
The author examines the impact of Pasteur's work on mortality,
with particular reference to the spread of pasteurization, asepsis,
antisepsis, cleanliness, and disinfection.
Correspondence:
J.-N. Biraben, Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du
Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
57:40664 Blaxter,
Mildred. Fifty years on--inequalities in health. In:
Population research in Britain, edited by Michael Murphy and John
Hobcraft. 1991. 69-94 pp. London School of Economics and Political
Science, Population Investigation Committee: London, England. In Eng.
"The first section of this paper will offer a brief review of
policy and research interests in equality in health in Britain over the
last half century, considering particularly how the issue has been
interpreted. A second section will consider the evidence: what is the
current extent of inequality and what are the trends? Finally, models
of explanation for inequality in health will be discussed, since it is
on these that possible solutions are necessarily
based."
Correspondence: M. Blaxter, University of East
Anglia, School of Economic and Social Studies, Norwich NR4 7TJ,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40665 Boerma, J.
Ties; Sommerfelt, A. Elisabeth; Rutstein, Shea O.
Childhood morbidity and treatment patterns. DHS Comparative
Studies, No. 4, Aug 1991. vi, 39 pp. Institute for Resource
Development/Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]:
Columbia, Maryland. In Eng.
Patterns in childhood morbidity and
treatment in developing countries are analyzed and compared using data
from Demographic and Health Surveys for the period 1985-1989. Separate
consideration is given to the prevalence and treatment of diarrhea,
respiratory infections, and fever. The authors explore the impact on
disease prevalence and treatment success of such socioeconomic factors
as educational level of mothers, residence characteristics, family
size, and access to medical facilities.
Correspondence:
Institute for Resource Development/Macro International, Demographic and
Health Surveys, 8850 Stanford Boulevard, Suite 4000, Columbia, MD
21045. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40666 Bourdelais,
Patrice. Cholera: a victory of medicine? In: The
decline of mortality in Europe, edited by R. Schofield, D. Reher, and
A. Bideau. 1991. 118-30 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The author determines the extent to which the decline in the number
of cholera cases and in cholera mortality can be attributed to medical
progress or to social and cultural factors. The paper is primarily
concerned with the cholera pandemic of the 1830s and how various
authorities around the world attempted to keep the disease in check.
The author concludes that the improvements in personal hygiene rather
than advances in medical knowledge were primarily responsible for
controlling the spread of the disease. The differences in the modern
world between the control of cholera in developed countries and its
spread in developing countries are also
considered.
Correspondence: P. Bourdelais, Centre de
Recherches Historiques, 54 Boulevard Raspail, 75006 Paris, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40667 Caldwell,
John C.; Caldwell, Pat. What have we learnt about the
cultural, social and behavioural determinants of health? From selected
readings to the first Health Transition Workshop. Health
Transition Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, Apr 1991. 3-19 pp. Canberra,
Australia. In Eng.
The authors critically examine findings from the
Health Transition Workshop held in Canberra, Australia, in 1989. "The
workshop and its proceedings furthered knowledge in at least five
important areas: (1) the existence of mortality-prone households; (2)
the impact of differing cultural situations of women in terms of
individualism on their children's survival; (3) the mechanisms whereby
maternal education is translated into child survival; (4) the impact of
culture and ethnicity on mortality; and (5) indirect indices of the
impact of care." The geographical scope is worldwide, with a focus on
developing countries.
Correspondence: J. C. Caldwell,
Australian National University, National Centre for Epidemiology and
Population Health, Health Transition Centre, GPO Box 4, Canberra ACT
2601, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40668 Feachem,
Richard G.; Jamison, Dean T. Disease and mortality in
Sub-Saharan Africa. ISBN 0-19-520826-9. LC 91-11991. 1991. xv, 356
pp. Oxford University Press: New York, New York/Oxford, England; World
Bank: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The purpose of this book is to
document the progress made in Sub-Saharan Africa over the past few
decades toward the goal outlined in the Alma Ata declaration of health
for all by the year 2000. The 22 chapters by various authors are
divided into three sections: patterns of mortality, specific diseases
and conditions, and longitudinal studies of small populations. The
section on mortality includes chapters on infant and child mortality,
adult mortality, and maternal mortality. The section on diseases
includes chapters on diarrhea, acute respiratory infections, measles
and other target immunization diseases, malaria, AIDS, and cancer and
cardiovascular diseases. The section on longitudinal studies examines
small populations in Kenya, Tanzania, the Gambia, Nigeria, and
Ghana.
Correspondence: World Bank, International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C.
20433. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40669 Feinleib,
Manning. Proceedings of 1988 International Symposium on
Data on Aging. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 5: Comparative
International Vital and Health Statistics Report, No. 6, Pub. Order No.
DHHS (PHS) 91-1482. ISBN 0-8406-0450-5. LC 91-10087. Aug 1991. v, 269
pp. U.S. National Center for Health Statistics [NCHS]: Hyattsville,
Maryland. In Eng.
These are the proceedings of a symposium held
December 7-9, 1988, in Bethesda, Maryland "to develop proposals for
research in measuring the health and health care of the aging. The
Proceedings include papers from the plenary sessions, where measurement
issues were identified, and the workshops, where specific proposals for
research were outlined. Speakers and participants were...from a dozen
different countries and a variety of organizations. They were selected
for their expertise in the six topics addressed by the International
Symposium: common chronic diseases, health promotion, vitality,
functioning, mortality statistics, and outcomes of nursing home
care."
Correspondence: U.S. National Center for Health
Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40670 Frenk,
Julio; Bobadilla, Jose L.; Stern, Claudio; Frejka, Tomas; Lozano,
Rafael. Elements for a theory of the health
transition. Health Transition Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, Apr 1991.
21-38 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"This article presents the
basic elements for developing a theory of the health transition. Such
elements include the definition of concepts, the specification of a
framework on the determinants of health status, the analysis of the
mechanisms through which health change occurs in populations, the
characterization of the attributes that allow us to identify different
transition models, and the enumeration of the possible consequences of
the transition. The propositions are presented with a sufficient level
of generality as to make them applicable to different contexts; at the
same time, an attempt is made to provide them with the necessary
specificity to account for different national experiences, thus opening
a space for future comparative research efforts." The geographic scope
is worldwide.
Correspondence: J. Frenk, National Institute
of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655, 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos,
Mexico. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40671 Hern,
Warren M. Effects of cultural change on health and
fertility in Amazonian Indian societies: recent research and
projections. Population and Environment, Vol. 13, No. 1, Fall
1991. 23-43 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The author examines the
effects of modernization and its attendant cultural changes on the
health and fertility of the Indians of the Amazon River regions of
Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru. Following a review of recent
demographic research and an assessment of the current health status of
the population, the author discusses the causes of high fertility among
these tribes. He concludes that "by the year 2000, the Amazon Basin
countries will add at least [48.5 million] to their
populations....Population pressure from outside is likely to have an
enormous destructive effect on the Amazon environment and its native
inhabitants. Combined with accelerating deforestation and
urbanization, it means that much of the Amazon will have been
transformed within 100 years from a sparsely settled wilderness
rainforest with tiny, isolated settlements of indigenous inhabitants to
a scrub desert interrupted by rapidly growing
cities."
Correspondence: W. M. Hern, University of
Colorado, Department of Anthropology, Boulder, CO 80309-0233.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40672 Hord,
Charlotte; David, Henry P.; Donnay, France; Wolf, Merrill.
Reproductive health in Romania: reversing the Ceausescu
legacy. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 22, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1991.
231-40 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"As a result of the
restrictive reproductive health policies enforced under the 25-year
Ceausescu dictatorship, Romania ended the 1980s with the highest
recorded maternal mortality of any country in Europe....An estimated 87
percent of these maternal deaths were caused by illegal and unsafe
abortion....Immediately after the December 1989 revolution that
overthrew Ceausescu, the new government removed restrictions on
contraceptive use and legalized abortion. This legislative change has
had beneficial effects on women's health, seen in the drop in maternal
mortality in 1990 to...almost half the ratio in 1989. In addition,
changes instituted since the revolution have led to the improved
availability of reproductive health services and to the creation of new
educational and training opportunities related to reproductive
health."
Correspondence: C. Hord, International Projects
Assistance Services, PO Box 100, Carrboro, NC 27510.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40673 Johansson,
S. Ryan. The health transition: the cultural inflation of
morbidity during the decline of mortality. Health Transition
Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, Apr 1991. 39-68 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how the study of
cultural influences on health and sickness interacts with the changing
biology of disease, the institutionalized conventions which govern
reporting, and the economics of being sick during the health transition
in such a way as to produce a long-run, but not steady, inflation in
morbidity. The article discusses the policy implications which flow
from taking an historically and culturally integrated approach to the
study of morbidity history during the health transition, as opposed to
approaches with a narrowly biological or economic perspective on health
and sickness in the relatively recent past." The geographic focus is on
developing countries.
Correspondence: S. R. Johansson,
Stanford University, Ethics in Society, Stanford, CA 94303-2155.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40674 Julien,
Pierre-Andre; Vermot-Desroches, Bernard. Quebec 2001:
demographic aging and health costs. [Quebec 2001: vieillissement
de la population et couts de la sante.] Futuribles, No. 143, May 1990.
17-29 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The consequences of demographic
aging for health expenditures in the province of Quebec, Canada, are
examined, with a focus on several proposed health policies and how they
might respond to changing demographic
conditions.
Correspondence: P.-A. Julien, Universite du
Quebec, Departement d'Administration et d'Economique, 3351 Boulevard
des Forges, CP 500, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec G9A 5H7, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
57:40675 Krasovec,
Katherine; Anderson, Mary A. Maternal nutrition and
pregnancy outcomes: anthropometric assessment. Scientific
Publication, No. 529, ISBN 92-75-11529-X. 1991. ix, 214 pp. Pan
American Health Organization [PAHO]: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This
publication is the product of a meeting entitled Maternal Anthropometry
for Prediction of Pregnancy Outcomes, held April 23-25, 1990, in
Washington, D.C. It consists of 17 chapters by various authors on
aspects of anthropometric measurement of the health and nutritional
status of pregnant women in developing
countries.
Correspondence: Pan American Health
Organization, 525 23rd Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40676 Lunn, Peter
G. Nutrition, immunity and infection. In: The decline
of mortality in Europe, edited by R. Schofield, D. Reher, and A.
Bideau. 1991. 131-45 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The relationship between nutrition and infection is examined in the
context of developing countries, in order to throw light on the
possible causes of the decline in premature mortality that has occurred
in today's developed countries over the past 200
years.
Correspondence: P. G. Lunn, MRC Dunn Nutritional
Laboratory, Cambridge, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
57:40677 Medina,
Ernesto; Kaempffer, Ana M. Health damage caused by the
smoking habit in Chile. Bulletin of the Pan American Health
Organization, Vol. 25, No. 3, 1991. 248-57 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The authors review available literature on tobacco use in Chile,
devoting particular attention to smoking prevalences, smoking-related
health problems, risk factors that tend to encourage smoking, and
appropriate control measures. Overall, the available data indicate
that roughly 40% of Chile's adult population smokes, that smoking among
women is on the rise, that some 11% of both infant and general
mortality can be linked to tobacco use, that smoking during pregnancy
poses serious health risks, and that the attitudes of physicians and
other health workers can have a crucial impact upon the smoking
behavior of their patients."
This is a translation of the Spanish
article in Boletin de la Oficina Panamericana (Washington, D.C.), No.
2, 1991, pp. 112-21.
Correspondence: E. Medina, University
of Chile, School of Public Health, Avenida Bernardo O'Higgins 1058,
Casilla 10-D, Santiago, Chile. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
57:40678 Ortiz, Luis
P. Health conditions for mothers and infants in Ceara. An
assessment of the information system for mothers. [As condicoes de
saude de maes e criancas do Ceara (Avaliacao atraves de um sistema de
informacoes de maternidades).] Revista Brasileira de Estudos de
Populacao, Vol. 7, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1990. 54-73 pp. Sao Paulo, Brazil. In
Por. with sum. in Eng.
By surveying mothers who gave birth in
maternity hospitals in the state of Ceara, Brazil, the author assesses
health indicators in order to identify the risks pregnant women of
different sub-populations undergo. "The conclusion was that a large
proportion of the population lives in very unfavorable conditions, with
poor access to education and without proper sanitation. Although
exposed to greater risks, both overall and biological, the pregnant
women in the study undergo fewer prenatal checks than those who have
better social and sanitary conditions. This results in greater
proportions of low weight stillborn children and in higher infant
mortality rates."
Correspondence: L. P. Ortiz, Fundacao
Sistema Estadual de Analise de Dados, Av. Casper Libero 464, 5o andar,
Caixa Postal 8223, 01033 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40679 Potts,
Malcolm; Anderson, Roy; Boily, Marie-Claude. Slowing the
spread of human immunodeficiency virus in developing countries.
Lancet, Vol. 338, No. 8767, Sep 7, 1991. 608-13 pp. Baltimore,
Maryland/London, England. In Eng.
The authors examine factors
affecting the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in
developing countries. The emphasis is on public health policies based
on the natural history of the infection. Field experience of AIDS
prevention programs and insights from mathematical modeling are also
discussed. It is concluded that present knowledge is sufficient to
develop programs to control the spread of HIV, given the necessary
commitment of resources, but that those programs can only be effective
if all countries concerned grant them
priority.
Correspondence: M. Potts, International Family
Health, First Floor, Margaret Pyke Centre, 15 Bateman's Buildings,
London W1V 5TW, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
57:40680 Riley,
James C. The prevalence of chronic diseases during
mortality increase: Hungary in the 1980s. Population Studies, Vol.
45, No. 3, Nov 1991. 489-96 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"In
Hungary, mortality has increased since the mid-1960s. This experience,
and results from the Hungarian health surveys of 1981 and 1986, make it
possible to examine an inverse version of the hypothesis that sickness
rates increase when death rates decline. Overall, and in most specific
adult age groups, the prevalence of chronic disease in Hungary
decreased. Hungarian experience in the 1980s suggests that population
composition changed through the withdrawal of 'non-survivors',
individuals who lived shorter lives under the 1986 mortality regime
than they would have lived under that of
1981."
Correspondence: J. C. Riley, Indiana University,
Department of History, Bloomington, IN 47805. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40681 Salzberg,
Allan M.; Dolins, Stanley L.; Salzberg, Carol. A
multiperiod compartmental model of the HIV pandemic in the United
States. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Vol. 25, No. 3, 1991.
167-78 pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
A model of
the HIV epidemic in the United States is developed. "Before 1981, the
pandemic was driven by a spike of higher infectivity which occurs
shortly after infection, resulting in an explosive growth phase. By
1981, partial saturation of the highest risk groups ended this phase,
and the pandemic is now governed by a lower 'average' infectivity
coupled with a 10-11 [year] incubation period. The model projects 830
thousand HIV carriers by the end of 1987 and 1.2 million at the end of
1989, consistent with Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimates. In
the late 1990s, the number of HIV carriers could stabilize near 2.7
million, with an increasing fraction being non-drug-using
heterosexuals. Without widespread anti-retroviral therapy, the
cumulative case load increases to one million by the turn of the
century with over 140 thousand new AIDS cases in that
year."
Correspondence: A. Salzberg, Department of Veteran
Affairs Medical Center, Bath, NY 14810. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
57:40682 Swedlund,
Alan C.; Armelagos, George J. Disease in populations in
transition: anthropological and epidemiological perspectives.
ISBN 0-89789-175-9. LC 89-18513. 1990. viii, 386 pp. Bergin and Garvey:
New York, New York. In Eng.
This is a collection of 19 essays by
various authors on the transitional response mechanisms of traditional
societies exposed to new diseases. The approach is interdisciplinary
and includes input from epidemiological, anthropological, and
population genetics viewpoints. The focus is on the factors common to
the various epidemiological transitions that have occurred over the
course of human history.
Correspondence: Bergin and Garvey,
One Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
57:40683 van de
Walle, Etienne; van de Walle, Francine. Breastfeeding and
popular aetiology in the Sahel. Health Transition Review, Vol. 1,
No. 1, Apr 1991. 69-81 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
Attitudes
toward breast-feeding in the Sahel region of Africa are discussed.
"Two views about breastfeeding and the resumption of intercourse after
a birth are found to prevail in Bamako and Bobo-Dioulasso...: that
sexual relations may spoil the milk; and that a child should be weaned
when the woman is pregnant again. Both beliefs provide a rationale to
abstain, but the postpartum taboo has been greatly reduced in the area,
and the second belief is the most important. 'Bad milk' serves as an
explanation for many of the diarrhoeas and diseases of nutritional
origin that affect infants and children. Traditional medical
treatments of diarrhoea and protein calorie malnutrition are consistent
with the popular aetiology. The acceptance of modern techniques of
infant care in this area may well be predicated on the diffusion of an
alternative model of disease causation."
Correspondence: E.
van de Walle, University of Pennsylvania, Population Studies Center,
3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6298. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40684 Poulain,
Michel; Debuisson, Marc. Ascending genealogies and the
heritability of demographic behavior. [Les genealogies ascendantes
et l'heritabilite des comportements demographiques.] Annales de
Demographie Historique, 1990. 357-64 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with
sum. in Eng.
The heritability of demographic behavior is examined
using data going back to the seventeenth century for a random sample of
individuals in Belgium for whom the demographic data of both parents
and children were available. "Calculating correlation coefficients
between ages of wedding, death and birth of a child shows a
non-heritability of demographic behaviors although small positive
correlation is perceptible in [fertility]."
Correspondence:
M. Poulain, Rue du Fayt 28, 5761 Soye (Floreffe), Belgium.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
