57:40360 Aghajanian,
Akbar. Women's roles and recent marriage trends in
Iran. Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 18, No. 1, 1991. 17-28
pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This paper
examines recent marriage trends in Iran. The available data suggest a
significant up-trend in the number and rate of marriage since 1979.
This trend is consistent with the social philosophy of Islam, advocated
in the Islamic Republic. The factors behind this up-trend in marriage
are analyzed in the context of this philosophy and in relation to
social and legal changes which have been introduced in Iranian society.
In addition to religious promotion of marriage and procreation, the
long continued war with Iraq, younger age structure, slowdown in
increasing pattern of age of marriage for women and significant decline
in age of marriage for men, remarriage and polygyny seem to be
contributing to this up-trend in marriage."
Correspondence:
A. Aghajanian, Fayetteville State University, 1200 Murchison Road,
Fayetteville, NC 28301. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
57:40361 Antoine,
Philippe; Nanitelamio, Jeanne. Changes in women's status
and urbanization in Africa. [Nouveaux statuts feminins et
urbanisation en Afrique.] Genus, Vol. 46, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1990. 17-30
pp. Rome, Italy. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Ita.
The authors examine
the effects of urbanization in Africa on women's status, with a focus
on Western Africa. Consideration is given to demographic and social
trends and how they affect marriage patterns. Particular attention is
paid to analyzing the increase in female
celibacy.
Correspondence: P. Antoine, Office de la
Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40362 Boozer,
Michael A.; Guinnane, Timothy W. The use of own-child
checks to determine remarriage status. Demography, Vol. 28, No. 4,
Nov 1991. 609-17 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The 1900 Federal
Census of the United States did not ask currently-married women whether
they had been married previously. This note uses the direct report on
remarriage in the 1910 census to evaluate the performance of the
'own-child checks' that several researchers have used with the 1900
census to substitute for direct information on remarriage. Accurate
information on remarriage status is important for fertility and
mortality estimation methods that rely on marital duration. The checks
detect fewer than two-thirds of wives who report they are remarried.
The use of these checks, however, does not introduce large amounts of
error in an analysis of either fertility or mortality. The checks work
better for white women than for black
women."
Correspondence: T. W. Guinnane, Princeton
University, Department of Economics, Princeton, NJ 08544.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40363 Bozon,
Michel. Marriage and social mobility in France.
[Mariage et mobilite sociale en France.] European Journal of
Population/Revue Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 7, No. 2, Jun 1991.
171-90 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The
author analyzes the effects of marriage on the social positions of the
two partners. Data are from a 1983-1984 survey of 2,957 persons aged
18 to 45 years, who were living in France in consensual unions or
marriages. Consideration is given to the social statuses of the
partners and their families, and to partners' occupational
status.
Correspondence: M. Bozon, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40364 Bumpass,
Larry L.; Sweet, James A.; Cherlin, Andrew. The role of
cohabitation in declining rates of marriage. Journal of Marriage
and the Family, Vol. 53, No. 4, Nov 1991. 913-27 pp. Minneapolis,
Minnesota. In Eng.
"We compare trends in marriage and remarriage to
trends in these variables when cohabitation is included, and examine
education differences in the rise of cohabitation [in the United
States]. We then document the characteristics of cohabiting couples in
terms of the duration of the union, presence of children, perceived
stability, marriage plans, and opinions about cohabitation. Finally,
we analyze several marriage-related attitude items among all unmarried
persons under age 35....Attitudes concerning cohabitation and marriage
suggest that while most expect to marry, normative pressures toward
marriage are not very high....The picture that is emerging is that
cohabitation is very much a family status, but one in which levels of
certainty about the relationship are lower than in marriage." Data are
from the National Survey of Families and Households conducted in
1987-1988.
Correspondence: L. L. Bumpass, University of
Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology, 4412 Social Science
Building, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1393.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40365 Burkhauser,
Richard V.; Duncan, Greg J.; Hauser, Richard; Berntsen,
Roland. Wife or frau, women do worse: a comparison of men
and women in the United States and Germany after marital
dissolution. Demography, Vol. 28, No. 3, Aug 1991. 353-60 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors use official data for the
United States and the Federal Republic of Germany to analyze and
compare the economic effects of marital dissolution on men and women.
They find that "first, men are more likely than women to work and to
earn more in the labor market, both before and after a marital split.
Second, mothers are more likely than fathers to care for children after
divorce or separation. Unless social policy offsets these realities
with a substantial increase in private and social transfers, marital
breakups will continue to pose a greater economic threat to women and
children than to men. In both countries, government tax and transfers
tend to mitigate this disparate economic outcome, but in neither
country do they come close to offsetting it. In spite of its more
elaborate system of public transfers, Germany appears less able than
the United States to protect divorcing women from reductions in
relative economic status."
Correspondence: R. V.
Burkhauser, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40366 Caldwell,
John C.; Orubuloye, I. O.; Caldwell, Pat. The
destabilization of the traditional Yoruba sexual system.
Population and Development Review, Vol. 17, No. 2, Jun 1991. 229-62,
373-5 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Ekiti
Yoruba society, in Nigeria, is characterized, like many African
societies, by high levels of polygyny, necessitating a late age of male
marriage, and by a long duration of postpartum female sexual
abstinence. Thus about three-quarters of postpubertal males have no
current access to a wife for sexual activity in a society that does not
enforce male continence. The contemporary solution is a high level of
male premarital and extramarital sexuality, which is partly dependent
on the availability of commercial sex in urban areas, later female
marriage, and significant numbers of divorced, separated, or widowed
women who have not remarried. It has been claimed that traditional
society was more restricted in each of these regards. Yet it appears
probable that there was an even more constrained access to marital
sexuality and no greater enforcement of male continence in the past.
This investigation employs surveys, anthropological study, and
historical reports to describe the traditional sexual system and to
show when and why it changed."
Correspondence: J. C.
Caldwell, Australian National University, Health Transition Centre,
Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
57:40367 de Graaf,
A. The impact of divorced parents on women's demographic
behavior. [De invloed van echtscheiding van de ouders op
demografisch gedrag van de vrouw.] Maandstatistiek van de Bevolking,
Vol. 39, No. 8, Aug 1991. 30-8 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands. In Dut. with
sum. in Eng.
"This article examines whether women who experienced
parental divorce behave differently with respect to leaving the
parental home, cohabitation, marriage and birth than women who grew up
in families with both natural parents....Data are used from the
Netherlands Fertility Survey conducted in February 1988....[Results
show that] women who [lived] with one of the natural parents were more
likely to have left home than women who [lived] with both natural
parents. Women from one-parent families also cohabited more than women
from two-parent families....For the divorce-rates no significant
difference between the two categories of women was found....Married
women aged 18-37 who grew up in one-parent families have fewer children
than other women."
An English-language version of this article is
available from the publisher.
Correspondence: Centraal
Bureau voor de Statistiek, Department of Population Statistics, P.O.
Box 959, 2270 AZ Voorburg, Netherlands. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
57:40368 Desrosiers,
Helene; Le Bourdais, Celine. The impact of age at marriage
and timing of first birth on marriage dissolution in Canada.
Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 18, No. 1, 1991. 29-51 pp.
Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
The authors examine the
relationships among female marriage age, childbearing patterns, and
marital dissolution. "Using proportional hazards models with
time-varying covariates on recent Canadian data, this research reveals
that the timing of marriage still exerts a strong net influence on the
propensity of women to experience marital breakdown. Taking into
account age at marriage, women who conceive their first child within
marriage appear significantly less likely to experience a separation
regardless of timing of birth."
Correspondence: H.
Desrosiers, Universite du Quebec, Institut National de la Recherche
Scientifique-Urbanisation, 3465 Rue Durocher, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2C6,
Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40369 Ermisch,
John F.; Wright, Robert E. The duration of lone parenthood
in Great Britain. European Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne
de Demographie, Vol. 7, No. 2, Jun 1991. 129-58 pp. Amsterdam,
Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This paper examines whether
the duration of [female] lone parenthood in Great Britain is dependent
on demographic and economic factors that also affect the living
standards of lone parents and their families....These durations are
modelled with hazard regression techniques and data from the marital,
demographic and employment histories of the 1980 Women and Employment
Survey." Results indicate that age, occupation, and timing of
employment are strongly associated with the duration of single
parenthood. The age and number of children (except for women with four
or more) do not appear to affect chances of remarriage; but women in
poorer economic circumstances tend to remain lone parents
longer.
Correspondence: J. F. Ermisch, University of
Glasgow, Department of Political Economy, Adam Smith Building, Glasgow
GI2 8QQ, Scotland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
57:40370 Faron,
Olivier. Toward a model of urban nuptiality: an analysis
of marriages celebrated in the Milan church of San Marco during the
first half of the nineteenth century (1815-1865). [Pour un modele
de nuptialite citadine: analyse des mariages celebres dans l'eglise
milanaise de San Marco pendant la premiere moitie du XIXe siecle
(1815-1865).] Annales de Demographie Historique, 1990. 239-57 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
Trends in nuptiality in
the Italian city of Milan in the nineteenth century are analyzed using
church records. Consideration is given to seasonal variations in
marriage, and to age at marriage, and social class, as well as to the
existence of a significant level of permanent
celibacy.
Correspondence: O. Faron, Ecole Francaise de
Rome, Piazza Farnese 67, Rome, Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
57:40371 Ferraro,
Gary P. Marriage and conjugal roles in Swaziland:
persistence and change. International Journal of Sociology of the
Family, Vol. 21, No. 2, Autumn 1991. 89-128 pp. New Delhi, India. In
Eng.
"This paper examines one set of relationships central to the
Swazi household--marriage and conjugal roles--and how those
relationships have changed over the last half century. Information has
been analyzed on such topics as types of marriages contracted, the age
at marriage, choice of spouse, attitudes towards and participation in
polygyny, the nature of conjugal roles, and the question of divorce.
This study has drawn upon a wide range of sources including (1) an
analysis of civil records from the office of the District Commissioner
in Manzini, Swaziland; (2) data collected previously by other social
scientists; and (3) survey data gathered especially for this study.
The study concludes that while changes have occurred, many traditional
patterns of marriage and family continue to be important in
contemporary Swazi society."
Correspondence: G. P. Ferraro,
University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40372 Fialova,
Ludmila. The Czechoslovak population by age and family
status after 1945. [Obyvatelstvo podle veku a rodinneho stavu v
Ceskoslovensku po roce 1945.] Demografie, Vol. 33, No. 2, 1991. 114-20
pp. Prague, Czechoslovakia. In Cze. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
Three
distinct stages in the development of family structure in
Czechoslovakia since 1945 are identified. Between 1945 and 1965,
significant changes were evidenced by a decline in marriage age for
both sexes and an increase in the ratio of married persons under the
age of 30, along with increases in the numbers of widows and divorced
persons. From 1966 to 1979, the population structure remained fairly
stable. The numbers of single persons and widows increased slightly in
the 1980s, while divorces increased dramatically. According to the
author, however, the most significant trend of the latter period is the
growth in the numbers of persons living together outside of
marriage.
Correspondence: L. Fialova, 250 66 Zdiby 16,
Prague Vychod, Czechoslovakia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
57:40373 Gu,
Jiangtang. Marital status of the aged population in
Beijing. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 1, No. 4,
1989. 439-48 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
Results are presented
from a survey on the marital status of 2,003 men and women aged over 60
years living in Beijing, China, in 1987. Consideration is given to the
number of unmarried, widowhood, divorce, number of marriages, and the
survival of both spouses, as well as education and
income.
Correspondence: J. Gu, Beijing College of
Economics, Institute of Economy, Beijing, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40374 Hirosima,
Kiyosi; Yamamoto, Michiko. Nuptiality trends in Japan:
1988-1989. Jinko Mondai Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems,
Vol. 46, No. 4, Jan 1991. 74-85 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
Nuptiality rates for Japan during 1988 and 1989 are analyzed and
compared with trends in earlier years. The authors note that the total
number of marriages is increasing, the rate for first marriages is
declining while that for second or subsequent marriages is increasing,
and the average age at marriage is rising.
Correspondence:
K. Hirosima, Institute of Population Problems, Ministry of Health and
Welfare, 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40375 Hoem, Jan
M. To marry, just in case...: the Swedish widow's-pension
reform and the peak in marriages in December 1989. Acta
Sociologica, No. 34, 1991. 127-35 pp. Oslo, Norway. In Eng.
"On 1
January 1990, new regulations were introduced for the Swedish National
Widow's Pension Scheme. The transitional provisions of the reform made
it advantageous for many people to marry before the end of 1989 rather
than later. The result was an abnormally large number of weddings in
December 1989. This highlights the lack of firm norms that govern
whether Swedish couples choose to marry or to live in consensual union.
It also raises questions concerning how economic rationality works in
practice."
Correspondence: J. M. Hoem, University of
Stockholm, Demography Unit, Stockholm S-106 91, Sweden.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40376 Korenman,
Sanders; Neumark, David. Marriage, motherhood, and
wages. NBER Working Paper, No. 3473, Oct 1990. 15, [11] pp.
National Bureau of Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts.
In Eng.
The authors explore "the consequences of a number of
potential problems with drawing causal inferences from cross-sectional
relationships between marriage, motherhood, and wages. These problems
include: endogeneity of marriage and motherhood, and experience and
tenure; heterogeneity; and selectivity into employment. [They] have
three main findings to report. First, introducing experience and tenure
into wage equations...attenuates but does not eliminate the large
negative relationship between children and wages....Second,
first-difference specifications suggest that fixed unobservables bias
cross-sectional estimates of the effects of children on wages. Short
first-differences (estimated over a two-year period) indicate no
negative effects of motherhood on wages. Finally, standard sample
selection corrections, as well as selectivity tests that do not depend
upon specifying an employment equation, provide no evidence of
selectivity bias from using a sample of recent changers (women who are
employed despite recent changes of marital or fertility states)." Data
are from the U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women and cover
those aged 26-36 in 1980.
Correspondence: National Bureau
of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40377 Landale,
Nancy S.; Tolnay, Stewart E. Group differences in economic
opportunity and the timing of marriage: blacks and whites in the rural
South, 1910. American Sociological Review, Vol. 56, No. 1, 1991.
33-45 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Because access to economic
opportunities is typically distributed unevenly in society, economic
conditions will not affect the marriage behavior of all groups in the
same way. An examination of the timing of marriage among white and
black residents of the rural [U.S.] South in 1910 strongly supports our
hypotheses. Whites delayed marriage in areas where farmland was
expensive and manufacturing employment was available. Farm tenancy
clearly facilitated early marriage among blacks, while the price of
land and availability of manufacturing opportunities had no effect on
the timing of marriage. These findings are interpreted in light of the
class and caste distinctions characteristic of the Southern
stratification system in the early twentieth
century."
Correspondence: N. S. Landale, Pennsylvania State
University, Population Issues Research Center, 22 Burrowes Building,
University Park, PA 16802. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
57:40378 Landale,
Nancy S.; Forste, Renata. Patterns of entry into
cohabitation and marriage among mainland Puerto Rican women.
Demography, Vol. 28, No. 4, Nov 1991. 587-607 pp. Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
"This paper adds to our limited knowledge of racial and ethnic
variation in union formation by describing and analyzing the first
unions of mainland Puerto Rican women [in the United States].
Retrospective history data show that Puerto Ricans have shared in the
post-1970 shift toward cohabitation. Puerto Rican women, however, are
much more likely to enter informal first unions than the general
population, and have a low propensity to transform informal unions into
legal marriages. The paper examines the influence of family background
and current activities on union timing and type. The relationship
between partner attributes and the choice between formal and informal
coupling is also considered."
Correspondence: N. S.
Landale, Pennsylvania State University, Department of Sociology,
Population Issues Research Center, University Park, PA 16802.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40379 Liefbroer,
Aart C. The choice between a married or unmarried first
union by young adults: a competing risk analysis. European
Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 7, No. 3,
Sep 1991. 273-98 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"In this paper the choice between marriage and unmarried
cohabitation as a first union by young adults is studied. A hazard
analysis is performed on a sample of 590 26-year-old men and women from
the Netherlands. Students are much less likely to start a union in
general, and marriage in particular, than are other categories of young
adults. Young adults living at home are less likely to enter a
consensual union than those living on their own. Religious young
adults are much less likely to enter a consensual union and much more
likely to marry than are non-religious ones. Educational attainments at
age 16 do not influence union formation."
Correspondence:
A. C. Liefbroer, Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute,
P.O. Box 11650, 2502 AR The Hague, Netherlands. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40380 Lutz,
Wolfgang; Wils, Anne B.; Nieminen, Mauri. The demographic
dimensions of divorce: the case of Finland. Population Studies,
Vol. 45, No. 3, Nov 1991. 437-53 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This
paper attempts to disentangle simultaneous demographic effects on
divorce probabilities by means of age-period-cohort-type models. A
multi-dimensional analysis of divorce probabilities in Finland between
1948 and 1984 is presented by period, marriage cohort, and duration,
and for the year 1984 by age, age at marriage, and duration. Effects
of order of marriage, number of children, and age of youngest child are
also studied....For the changes between 1948 and 1984, period effects
turn out to be much more important for the increase in divorce than
cohort effects. As regards period analysis for 1984, a quite
surprising pattern appears: neither a specific duration of marriage
(usually risk is highest at durations of between four and six years),
nor a young age at marriage present the major risk factors, but young
age itself."
Correspondence: W. Lutz, International
Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40381 Malhotra,
Anju. Gender and changing generational relations: spouse
choice in Indonesia. Demography, Vol. 28, No. 4, Nov 1991. 549-70
pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Many Asian societies are undergoing a
nuptiality transition that is not only tied integrally to other aspects
of family organization, but is also often more complex than standard
studies of female age at marriage can reveal....We focus on the
patterns of spouse choice for both men and women in central Java
[Indonesia]. The extent of parental control over mate selection is
examined for change over time, gender differences, and likely
determinants, including family class, education, premarital work, and
residence. It is argued that the current marriage transition in
Indonesia reflects both gender and generational hierarchies in the
Javanese family system....A multinomial logit model...yields results
strongly supportive of the argument that the determinants of spouse
selection differ by gender. The results also show that although there
is a dramatic shift towards self-choice marriages, it is occurring
within the context of historical and institutional factors specific to
Javanese society."
Correspondence: A. Malhotra, University
of Maryland, Department of Sociology, Center on Population, Gender and
Social Inequality, College Park, MD 20742-1315. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40382 Manniche,
Erik. Marriage and non-marital cohabitation in
Denmark. Familjerapporter, No. 20, 1991. 35 pp. Uppsala
Universitet: Uppsala, Sweden. In Eng.
This is a description of the
emergence and development of nonmarital cohabitation in Denmark from
the late 1950s to the present. The author also examines age factors,
marriage tables, and indicators of consensual
unions.
Correspondence: Uppsala University, Department of
Sociology, P.O. Box 513, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40383 Manting,
Dorien. First union formation in the Netherlands.
PDOD Paper, No. 5, Aug 1991. 13, [3] pp. Universiteit van Amsterdam,
Postdoctorale Onderzoekersopleiding Demografie [PDOD]: Amsterdam,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"In this paper, it is stressed that the
varying ways in which cohabitation and marriage may be viewed will lead
to different kinds of modelling. Several models are shown that are
linked with the different theoretical notions about the dependency
between cohabitation and marriage. If the differences between
cohabitation and marriage are viewed as a non-issue, a process of first
union formation is analysed. When one assumes that there [exists] a
process leading to a union formation and a process leading to the
choice between cohabitation and marriage, a sequential process is
formulated. A competing risk model is linked with cohabitation as an
alternative to marriage. And next, a staging model is associated with
viewing cohabitation as a prelude to marriage or as an alternative to
singlehood." Data are for the Netherlands.
Correspondence:
Universiteit van Amsterdam, Postdoctorale Onderzoekersopleiding
Demografie, Planologisch en Demografisch Instituut, Jodenbreestraat 23,
1011 NH Amsterdam, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
57:40384 Meyer,
Dagmar. Divorce in the former German Democratic
Republic. [Ehescheidung in der ehemaligen DDR.] Zeitschrift fur
Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1991. 33-47 pp. Wiesbaden,
Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
Divorce rates in the German
Democratic Republic are analyzed. The author notes that divorce rates
increased from 1960 to 1987, when a leveling occurred. Consideration is
given to the number of divorced persons by age and sex, age at first
marriage, age at first birth, marriage duration, maternal age, and
number of children. The political and economic instability of the
1980s is discussed in terms of its effect on the family and on marital
relationships.
Correspondence: D. Meyer, Institut fur
Soziologie und Sozialpolitik, Forschungsgruppe Familie,
Otto-Nuschke-Strasse 10/11, O-1086 Berlin, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40385 Miller,
Brent C.; Heaton, Tim B. Age at first sexual intercourse
and the timing of marriage and childbirth. Journal of Marriage and
the Family, Vol. 53, No. 3, Aug 1991. 719-32 pp. Minneapolis,
Minnesota. In Eng.
"In this analysis, age at first intercourse is
viewed as a life course transition that can influence marriage and
childbearing. Analysis is based on the [U.S.] National Survey of
Family Growth, Cycle III. Early initiation of sexual activity is
associated with a relatively slow pace of family formation, but early
initiators do catch up with late initiators. Teenagers who begin sexual
activity early are more likely to form a family through giving birth
than through marriage. These patterns are not greatly altered by the
introduction of several control variables. Finally, blacks and
non-Hispanic whites have quite different trajectories of marriage and
childbirth following first intercourse."
Correspondence: B.
C. Miller, Utah State University, Department of Family and Human
Development, Logan, UT 84322-2905. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
57:40386 Otani,
Kenji. Time distributions in the process to marriage and
pregnancy in Japan. Population Studies, Vol. 45, No. 3, Nov 1991.
473-87 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"In order to clarify factors
affecting the timing of marriage and pregnancy of Japanese women, this
paper examines the timing of marriage, the age at which women first met
the men they eventually married, the time that elapsed between first
meeting and engagement, between engagement and marriage, and between
engagement and first conception for the 1937-1955 birth cohorts. Women
resorting to an arranged marriage showed a large increase in the age at
first meeting as well as marriage age, while women marrying on a
love-match basis did not. Supporting the hypothesis that there are
three stages of Japanese women's attitude towards marriage, which
affect the pattern of time schedule to marriage, it is found that women
with a larger probability of career-seeking are likely to have a higher
age at first meeting and a longer time between engagement and marriage
even in love-match cases. This study suggests that a large proportion
of women preferred their marriage to be a love match, but only a
minority were career-oriented in Japan."
Correspondence: K.
Otani, Kansai University, Faculty of Economics, 3-35 Yamate-cho
3-chome, Suita-shi, Osaka 564, Japan. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
57:40387 Otite,
Onigu. Marriage and family systems in Nigeria.
International Journal of Sociology of the Family, Vol. 21, No. 2,
Autumn 1991. 15-54 pp. New Delhi, India. In Eng.
"The study focuses
on traditional marriage and family patterns in Nigeria and consequences
of change for Nigeria. The study identifies directions of change, rate
of change, and the causes of change in marriage and the family. An
attempt is made to point out that recent changes in the [status] of
Nigerian women may recast marriage and the family in new and different
molds. It appears the Nigerian family is moving slowly towards the
western nuclear family model."
Correspondence: O. Otite,
University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
57:40388 Quinteiro,
Maria da C. Married but not married: consensual unions in
the middle and working classes. [Casados nao casados: unioes
consensuais nas camadas medias e populares.] Textos NEPO, No. 19, Dec
1990. 70 pp. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Nucleo de Estudos de
Populacao [NEPO]: Campinas, Brazil. In Por. with sum. in Eng.
An
analysis of changing marriage patterns in Brazil is presented, using
data from a survey carried out in the city of Sao Paulo in 1987. The
focus is on the growing popularity of consensual unions among the
middle and working classes.
Correspondence: Universidade
Estadual de Campinas, Nucleo de Estudos de Populacao, Caixa Postal
6166, CEP 13081, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
57:40389 Reddy, P.
H. Family structure and age at marriage: evidence from a
South Indian village. Journal of Asian and African Studies, Vol.
26, No. 3-4, Jul-Oct 1991. 253-66 pp. Leiden, Netherlands. In Eng.
The author uses data from a village in South India to question the
assumption that age at marriage of males is lower in joint than in
nuclear families, because males in joint families are not directly
responsible for supporting their wives and children. "Available
evidence shows that age at marriage of males is lower in nuclear than
in joint families and that wives and children far from being a
liability are an asset and the need for female labour is more acute in
nuclear than in joint families. There is no clear relationship between
age at marriage of females and family
structure."
Correspondence: P. H. Reddy, Government of
Karnataka, Population Centre, Malleswaram, Bangalore 560 003,
Karnataka, India. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
57:40390 Richard,
Madeline A. Ethnic groups and marital choices: ethnic
history and marital assimilation in Canada, 1871 and 1971. ISBN
0-7748-0380-0. 1991. xi, 189 pp. UBC Press: Vancouver, Canada. In Eng.
This study is concerned with rates of intermarriage between members
of different European ethnic and cultural groups in Canada. Using data
from the 1871 and 1971 censuses, the author examines the extent of
intermarriage, variations in intermarriage by ethnic group, the
correlates of intermarriage, and changes between the two time periods.
"In addition to delineating general patterns of intermarriage, as well
as trends for the English, Irish, Scottish, French, and Germans, this
study determines the effects of a husband's level of literacy,
nativity, age, and place of residence on the odds of marrying outside
his ethno-religious origin, and the effect of an ethnic group's
sociodemographic characteristics on the propensity to marry
exogamously. [The author's] findings confirm that marital assimilation
was occurring in Canada to some extent as early as 1871 and that the
rate of intermarriage has doubled since
then."
Correspondence: UBC Press, 6344 Memorial Road,
Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z2, Canada. Location: New
York Public Library.
57:40391
Singarimbun, Masri. Changes in marriage patterns
in Java. [Perkawinan pada masyarakat Jawa.] Majalah Demografi
Indonesia/Indonesian Journal of Demography, Vol. 18, No. 35, Jun 1991.
27-41 pp. Jakarta, Indonesia. In Ind. with sum. in Eng.
"The paper
reviews the changes that have taken place in the marriage pattern among
rural Javanese. Low age at marriage and decision regarding marriage
made by the parents were the norms in the past. Consummation of
marriage was frequently delayed. Although marriage has been highly
valued in the society, [the] divorce rate was high. With the advance
of education and social progress in general, changes have taken place.
Age at marriage has gone up, parental role in marital decision making
has declined and the divorce rate has dropped
significantly."
Correspondence: M. Singarimbun, Universitas
Gadjah Mada, Pusat Penelitian Kependudukan, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta
55281, Indonesia. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
57:40392 Smith, Ken
R.; Zick, Cathleen D.; Duncan, Greg J. Remarriage patterns
among recent widows and widowers. Demography, Vol. 28, No. 3, Aug
1991. 361-74 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The goal of this study
is to estimate how hazard rates for remarriage vary among widows and
widowers [in the United States] on the basis of both observable and
unobservable characteristics. The remarriage estimates rely on
nationally representative samples of widows and widowers from the Panel
Study of Income Dynamics....Among middle-aged widows, blacks and those
with dependent children in the home have lower rates of remarriage.
For middle-aged widowers, living in urbanized areas limits the
prospects of remarriage. For older widowers, education and...economic
status appear to have positive effects on the remarriage rates.
Overall, age and time since widowhood have the strongest and most
consistent effects on remarriage rates for different widowed
groups."
This is a revised version of a paper originally presented
at the 1988 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America
(see Population Index, Vol. 54, No. 3, Fall 1988, p.
463).
Correspondence: K. R. Smith, University of Utah,
Department of Family and Consumer Studies, Salt Lake City, UT 84112.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40393 South,
Scott J. Sociodemographic differentials in mate selection
preferences. Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 53, No. 4,
Nov 1991. 928-40 pp. Minneapolis, Minnesota. In Eng.
"Data from
over 2,000 respondents in the [U.S.] National Survey of Families and
Households are used to examine sociodemographic differentials in the
stated willingness of individuals to marry persons with various social,
economic, and demographic characteristics....While largely exploratory,
it draws on exchange and marriage market theories to develop hypotheses
relating age, race, sex, and socioeconomic resources to respondents'
stated willingness to marry persons outside the normative age range;
who have been previously married; who already have children; who are of
a different religion and race; who have relatively high or low earnings
and education; and who are not physically attractive....Although the
analysis should not be considered a critical test of these theories,
the hypotheses drawn from exchange theory generally fare better than
those drawn from theories of the marriage
market."
Correspondence: S. J. South, State University of
New York, Department of Sociology, Albany, NY 12222.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40394 Teachman,
Jay D.; Thomas, Jeffrey; Paasch, Kathleen. Legal status
and the stability of coresidential unions. Demography, Vol. 28,
No. 4, Nov 1991. 571-86 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Using data
from the [U.S.] National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of
1972, we examine the effect of the legal status of coresidential unions
on the likelihood of dissolution. We find that legal unions are much
more stable than nonlegal unions. In addition, current legal status is
more important for predicting stability of union than is legal status
at the initiation of the union. We also find that the effect of
current legal status remains constant over various durations of unions
and that legalizing a nonlegal union has little effect beyond that
expected on the basis of occupying a particular legal status."
This
is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1990 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index,
Vol. 56, No. 3, Fall 1990, p. 410).
Correspondence: J. D.
Teachman, University of Maryland, Department of Sociology, Center on
Population, Gender and Social Inequality, College Park, MD 20742-1315.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40395 Wilson,
Barbara F. The marry-go-round. American Demographics,
Vol. 13, No. 10, Oct 1991. 52-4 pp. Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
The
author analyzes patterns of marriage, divorce, remarriage, and
widowhood by age and sex in the United States for the year
1987.
Correspondence: B. F. Wilson, National Center for
Health Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40396 Wolf, Diane
L. Factory daughters, the family, and nuptiality in
Java. Genus, Vol. 46, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1990. 45-54 pp. Rome,
Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ita.
"This paper, based upon
primary data collected by the author, examines the effects of female
employment in rural-based modern, large factories upon marriage
patterns in Java [Indonesia]. The increased economic autonomy gained
through factory employment and wages has contributed to increased
female autonomy in important life decisions such as the timing of
marriage and choice of spouse, and in time, will also be manifest in
family formation and fertility as well. A framework of gender
stratification guides this inquiry into female labour,
industrialization, and marriage in rural
Java."
Correspondence: D. L. Wolf, University of
California, Department of Sociology, Davis, CA 95616.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40397 Aquilino,
William S. Family structure and home-leaving: a further
specification of the relationship. Journal of Marriage and the
Family, Vol. 53, No. 4, Nov 1991. 999-1,010 pp. Minneapolis, Minnesota.
In Eng.
"This article investigates the impact of childhood family
structure on the timing of home-leaving [in the United States]....This
research builds on previous work by examining the influence of a wider
array of childhood living arrangements on home-leaving, and by
exploring the differential impact of family structure on the
transitions to semiautonomy, marriage, and residential
independence....The results...show that childhood family structure has
a substantial impact on both the timing of first home-leaving and the
pathway out of the parental home. For both men and women, exposure to
most forms of nonintact family structure increases the probability of
an early transition to residential independence and decreases the
likelihood of leaving to attend school. Among the nonintact family
types, adoption and nonparental living arrangements exert the strongest
influence on home-leaving." Data are from the 1987-1988 National Survey
of Families and Households.
Correspondence: W. S. Aquilino,
University of Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology, 4412 Social
Science Building, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1393.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40398 Birdsall,
Nancy. Birth order effects and time allocation.
Research in Population Economics, Vol. 7, 1991. 191-213 pp. Greenwich,
Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
"In this paper, a model is
developed in which the explanation for birth-order effects does not
rely on absence of capital markets, but follows from optimal allocation
of parental time and goods among children over the childrearing years.
The model yields two key results, which are then tested using 1967-1968
household survey data from urban Colombia....It is shown that first and
last-born children of mothers who do not work have an advantage over
middle-borns....At the same time, as predicted, there are no
differences by birth order among children of working mothers. The
persistence of birth-order effects even in high-income families
indicates that such effects are at least in part due to the time
constraint modelled; this is a strong result given the possibility of
better substitutes for mother's time than allowed for in the model, and
the likelihood that high-income families are able to purchase better
substitutes."
Correspondence: N. Birdsall, World Bank, 1818
H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
57:40399 Borrel,
Catherine; Thave, Suzanne. Twenty-two percent of families,
forty percent of children. [22% des familles, 40% des enfants.]
Economie et Statistique, No. 224, Sep 1989. 51-5 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
The authors note the decline in the
number and changes in characteristics of large families in France, with
consideration given to socioeconomic factors. "In 1982, 22% of all
families had three children or more, and 3% at least five. Nearly two
thirds of the latter could be found among the working classes, and more
than a third were families of immigrants. The standard of living of a
large family is half that of a family with one child. The modest
income of large families is due to the social environment, but also to
the fact that the mothers of these families very seldom work. A new
type of large family is developing: a family reconstituted by the
union of two persons who had children from a previous
union."
Correspondence: S. Thave, Institut National de la
Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, Direction des Statistiques
Demographiques, Division Etudes Sociales, 18 Boulevard Adolphe Pinard,
75675 Paris Cedex 12, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
57:40400 Bumpass,
Larry. Emerging issues in demographic research in the
United States. In: Population research in Britain, edited by
Michael Murphy and John Hobcraft. 1991. 177-88 pp. London School of
Economics and Political Science, Population Investigation Committee:
London, England. In Eng.
The author "speculates about the processes
underlying recent trends in U.S. families. The discussion then briefly
overviews emerging data and research styles relating to family
transitions, and then concludes by describing the design and scope of
[the] National Survey of Families and
Households."
Correspondence: L. Bumpass, University of
Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology, 4412 Social Science
Building, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1393.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40401 Carlin,
Paul S. Intra-family bargaining and time allocation.
Research in Population Economics, Vol. 7, 1991. 215-43 pp. Greenwich,
Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
"This paper investigates a new
empirical implication of the cooperative bargaining model of family
decision-making: the effect of threat point variations on time
allocation decisions of the husband and wife....The bargaining model
examined in this paper utilizes the cooperative game theory approach
which assumes, among other things, that both players (spouses) know
each other's utility function. With many family decisions such as
marital dissolution, timing and spacing of children, labor market entry
or reentry for the wife, it is not necessarily true that the
preferences of each spouse are accurately known by the other....In the
context of the two-period model sketched out in this paper, bargaining
between husband and wife over the extent of human capital investment
for the wife, and the time allocation tradeoffs necessary to attain
such an investment might be fruitfully modelled in a noncooperative
framework." Data are from a variety of sources, including a University
of Michigan study of couples' time-allocation patterns in 37 U.S.
states and the District of Columbia.
Correspondence: P. S.
Carlin, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40402
Crommentuijn, Leon; Hooimeijer, Pieter. Leaving
the parental home. PDOD Paper, No. 4, Sep 1991. 15 pp.
Universiteit van Amsterdam, Postdoctorale Onderzoekersopleiding
Demografie [PDOD]: Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
The authors
analyze the process of leaving the parental home using data for the
Netherlands. "First, several covariates that influence the timing of
leaving the parental home, will be discussed. Second, an evaluation
will be given of various models and methods to analyze the process of
nestleaving. Third, using log-linear analysis, it will be shown that a
non-proportional hazard model...generates results that can be
interpreted consistently. Finally, the model will be used to see
whether regional differences in the timing of nestleaving can be
attributed to variation in the regional population structures with
respect to the covariates in the model."
Correspondence:
Universiteit van Amsterdam, Postdoctorale Onderzoekersopleiding
Demografie, Planologisch en Demografisch Instituut, Jodenbreestraat 23,
1011 NH Amsterdam, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
57:40403 De Vos,
Susan. Change in household composition in Brazil: a
preliminary view. CDE Working Paper, No. 90-27, [1990?]. 15 pp.
University of Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology: Madison,
Wisconsin. In Eng.
"A preliminary examination of census figures
from Brazil for 1960, 1970 and 1980 suggests that there was a rise in
the proportion of solitary households [in this period], but that
changes in the proportion of nuclear family households and extended
family households differed in the 1960s and 1970s. Existing theories
would not have predicted this change, leading one to conclude that
there is need for a theoretical formulation that could explain these
findings."
Correspondence: University of Wisconsin, Center
for Demography and Ecology, 4412 Social Science Building, 1180
Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1393. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
57:40404 Deven,
Freddy. Living arrangements in Flanders in the
eighties. Bevolking en Gezin, No. 1, 1991. 39-51 pp. Brussels,
Belgium. In Eng.
"This contribution provides an overall picture of
the kind of living arrangements characterizing Flanders [Belgium]
during the 1980s. Three main types of living arrangements--singles,
couples, families--are further distinguished (e.g. couples on the basis
of their marital status and families according to the number and type
of parents available to the child(ren) in the household)." Data are
from official and other published sources.
Correspondence:
F. Deven, CBGS, Markiesstraat 1, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40405 Duben,
Alan; Behar, Cem. Istanbul households: marriage, family
and fertility, 1880-1940. Cambridge Studies in Population, Economy
and Society in Past Time, No. 15, ISBN 0-521-38375-7. LC 90-33133.
1991. xviii, 276 pp. Cambridge University Press: New York, New
York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
The authors combine the methods
and approaches of social anthropology, historical demography, and
social history to examine changes in marriage, the family, and
fertility in Istanbul, Turkey, in the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries. "Istanbul was the first Muslim city to experience
a systematic decline in fertility and major changes in family life,
and, as such, set the tone for many social and cultural changes in
Turkey and the Muslim world. Istanbul was the major focal point for
the forces of westernization of Turkish society, processes which not
only transformed political and economic institutions in that country,
but also had a profound and lasting impact on domestic life." A chapter
is included on fertility and family
planning.
Correspondence: Cambridge University Press, Pitt
Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40406 Dubert
Garcia, Isidro. Family structure and behavior in Galicia
near the end of the ancien regime. [Estructura y comportamientos
familiares en la Galicia de fines del Antiguo Regimen.] Teses en
Microficha, No. 130, ISBN 84-7191-700-9. 1991. [1,387] pp. Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicacions e Intercambio
Cientifico: Santiago de Compostela, Spain. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
Family structure in Galicia, Spain, toward the end of the ancien
regime is studied using data from the 1752 Ensenada Census. Royal and
aristocratic court records are then analyzed to assess levels of family
and marital conflict and dissolution of marriage. The entire thesis is
included on microfiche.
Correspondence: ETD, SA, Aragon
123, 08015 Barcelona, Spain. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
57:40407 Ermisch,
John F. Lone parenthood: an economic analysis.
National Institute of Economic and Social Research Occasional Paper,
No. 44, ISBN 0-521-41243-9. LC 91-8135. 1991. xv, 194 pp. Cambridge
University Press: New York, New York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"This book analyses...the flows into and out of lone parenthood [in
Great Britain], using demographic and employment histories from a
nationally representative survey carried out in 1980. It studies how
various socio-economic characteristics of women and their economic
environment, such as welfare benefits, affect these flows, and how
these interact to determine the attributes of the population of
one-parent families, particularly their economic circumstances. The
book also studies the lone parents' movements into and out of paid
employment, and the effect of welfare benefits on their employment.
The analyses are used to gauge the effects of alternative policies on
one-parent families, their paid employment, and their living
standards."
Correspondence: Cambridge University Press,
Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40408 Haskey,
John. Estimated numbers and demographic characteristics of
one-parent families in Great Britain. Population Trends, No. 65,
Autumn 1991. 35-47 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This article
examines some of the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of
one-parent families and compares them with those of married couple
families. The article also evaluates the most recent evidence from a
variety of statistical sources in order to make the best practical
estimates of the numbers of one-parent families and their children in
Great Britain in 1987, 1988, and 1989."
Correspondence: J.
Haskey, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Demographic Analysis
and Vital Statistics Division, St. Catherine's House, 10 Kingsway,
London WC2B 6JP, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
57:40409 Hirosima,
Kiyosi. A basic demographic condition for living
arrangements: formal demography of parent-child
co-residentiality. Institute of Population Problems Working Paper
Series, No. 6, Nov 1990. 27 pp. Institute of Population Problems:
Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
"In this paper, we explain a method to
compose the availability of parents or children, and a method to
analyze the prevalence of co-residence of parents and children using
the concept of availability of parents or children, which we call [the]
formal demography of parent-child co-residentiality. The situation in
Japan will be utilized as a numerical
example."
Correspondence: Ministry of Health and Welfare,
Institute of Population Problems, 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
100-45, Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40410 Hirosima,
Kiyosi. Does very low fertility accelerate nuclearization?
Kin availability of low fertility societies. Institute of
Population Problems Working Paper Series, Dec 1990. 18 pp. Institute of
Population Problems: Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
"We studied the
influence of lowering fertility upon availability of children for
parents and availability of parents for children simultaneously to know
the potential effects upon household composition choice behaviour [in
Japan. It is found that]....with...fertility below replacement level,
the availability rate for the total of parents and children increases
if the percentage of parity zero and one does not increase above a
certain degree, which accelerates the increase of extended family
households rather than nuclearization."
Correspondence:
Ministry of Health and Welfare, Institute of Population Problems, 1-2-2
Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-45, Japan. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40411 Hirosima,
Kiyosi. Family matrix: its theory and application.
Institute of Population Problems Working Paper Series, No. 7, Nov 1990.
21 pp. Institute of Population Problems: Tokyo, Japan. In Eng. with
sum. in Fre.
"The aim of this paper is to propose a method to
describe family transition. Family transition is caused
by...demographic events such as birth, death, marriage, divorce and
migration of a member in a family. These demographic events change not
only the life course of a person to whom the events occurred but also
that of other members of the family. I call this phenomenon reflection
of demographic events. Family matrix is proposed to describe [this]
reflection." The geographical scope is
worldwide.
Correspondence: Ministry of Health and Welfare,
Institute of Population Problems, 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
100-45, Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40412 Horwitz,
Sarah M.; Klerman, Lorraine V.; Kuo, H. Sung; Jekel, James F.
Intergenerational transmission of school-age parenthood.
Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 23, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1991. 162-72 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"A long-term follow-up of a group of
black New Haven [United States] women who were young mothers in the
late 1960s revealed that the majority of their offspring had not become
parents by age 19. The offspring who experienced early parenthood were
most likely to be female and to report significant depressive symptoms.
Of those children--both male and female--who did become young parents,
many were the offspring of women who had moved out of their mothers'
homes within 26 months of the child's birth, and of women who reported
suffering from lifetime depression. The data indicate that emotional
deprivation, particularly at an early age, may predispose adolescents
to seek emotional closeness through sexual activity and early
parenthood."
Correspondence: S. M. Horwitz, Yale University
School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, New
Haven, CT 06520. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
57:40413 Ikenoue,
Masako; Shimizu, Hiroaki. Changes in household composition
and structure in Kagoshima village, 1955-1987. Jinko Mondai
Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems, Vol. 47, No. 1, Apr 1991. 58-65
pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
The authors explore household and family
characteristics in traditional Japan. Data from a village in
southwestern Japan for the period 1955-1987 indicate that the
predominant household structure in the past was the nuclear rather than
the extended family.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
57:40414 Lee,
Yean-Ju. Changes in family structure among elderly women
in Korea. Pub. Order No. DA9108283. 1990. 227 pp. University
Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
This study
concerns South Korea and was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the
University of Wisconsin at Madison.
Correspondence:
University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI
48106-1346. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A:
Humanities and Social Sciences 51(11).
57:40415 Link,
Kshishtof. The role of socioeconomic factors in the
household formation process. [Rolyata na sotsialno-ikonomicheskite
faktori v protsesa na sazdavane na domakinstva.] Naselenie, Vol. 8, No.
1, 1990. 77-83 pp. Sofia, Bulgaria. In Bul. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The author examines "studies aimed at assessing the impact of
[selected] demographic and non-demographic factors on...household
creation in Poland. Attention is focused on the second group of
factors accepted as resulting from the different socio-economic
development of the studied territorial groups of the population. The
evaluation of 150 demometric models yielded interesting...results
concerning the relation between the factors studied and the frequency
of household creation."
Correspondence: K. Link, Polish
Academy of Sciences, Institute of Statistics and Demography, Warsaw,
Poland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40416 Mason,
Andrew; Racelis, Rachel. Using census data for household
projections: an overview of results from the HOMES Project. Asian
and Pacific Population Forum, Vol. 5, No. 1, Spring 1991. 13-20, 33-40
pp. Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng.
"This article provides an overview of
the household projection model HOMES [a computer model developed to
forecast the number and characteristics of households] and presents new
household projections for six countries--China, Indonesia, Japan, the
Republic of Korea, Thailand, and the Philippines. The household
projections are based on recently released population projections from
The World Bank and on rules governing living arrangements quantified
with the latest available census or demographic survey for each
country. Growth in the number of households to the year 2030 is
projected along with changes in household membership and the dependency
burden."
Correspondence: A. Mason, East-West Center,
East-West Population Institute, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI
96848. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40417 Molnar,
Edit S. Public opinion poll concerning population issues,
1989. [Kozvelemeny-kutatas nepesedesi kerdesekrol--1989.]
Demografia, Vol. 33, No. 1-2, 1991. 38-57 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In
Hun. with sum. in Eng.
The results of a 1989 public opinion poll on
population issues in Hungary are presented. Respondents were from a
nationally representative sample of persons 18 years and older.
Attitudes toward large families and ideal family size are
described.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40418 Moors,
Hein; van Nimwegen, Nico. Young Europeans and changing
living arrangements: some social and demographic effects.
Bevolking en Gezin, No. 1, 1991. 17-38 pp. Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
"This contribution describes changes in the household structure of
the European population and the social and demographic consequences for
children and young people in the member states of the Council of
Europe. Particular attention is paid to an analysis of the effects of
instability and changes in couples, and to the effects of changing
living arrangements on economic, social, and psychological aspects of
young people, especially young women." Consideration is also given to
consensual unions and one-parent families.
Correspondence:
H. Moors, NIDI, P.O. Box 11650, 2502 AR The Hague, Netherlands.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40419 Murphy,
Michael. Modelling households: a synthesis. In:
Population research in Britain, edited by Michael Murphy and John
Hobcraft. 1991. 157-76 pp. London School of Economics and Political
Science, Population Investigation Committee: London, England. In Eng.
The author defines "an analogue to the average household
size/headship rate concept for population subgroups. [He then
shows]...the sorts of uses to which this model can be put and, in
particular,...that many of the models used to analyze households are
special cases of this framework, and how they are related to each
other. The first section starts with a description of the model." The
model is illustrated using data from a variety of sources, particularly
the 1981 United Kingdom Labour Force Survey and the Pakistan Fertility
Survey of 1976.
Correspondence: M. Murphy, London School of
Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, Aldwych, London WC2A
2AE, England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40420 Omari, C.
K. The family in Tanzania. International Journal of
Sociology of the Family, Vol. 21, No. 2, Autumn 1991. 55-71 pp. New
Delhi, India. In Eng.
"The article starts by defining the terms and
basic characteristics of the family institution. Then it moves to
explain and analyze the changing roles and relationships in the
Tanzania context. The article stresses...the impact of the foreign
cultures and ideologies. Specifically, the role of family in [the]
socialization process has been minimized due to the introduction of
formal education. With regard to the demographic variables, it is
noted that while death rates might be reduced due to the general
improvement of health facilities, birth rates will
increase....Polygamy...is [likely] to decrease due to socio-economic
reasons like the level of education among the women and the economic
difficulties in running large families." A trend toward smaller
families is noted. The study is based on the author's recent research
in Tanzania.
Correspondence: C. K. Omari, University of Dar
es Salaam, POB 35091, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40421 Pennington,
Renee. Child fostering as a reproductive strategy among
southern African pastoralists. Ethology and Sociobiology, Vol. 12,
No. 2, Mar 1991. 83-104 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The use of
child fostering as a reproductive strategy in rural areas of Botswana
is examined. "Information on child fosterage was obtained on 1,902
individuals in the course of collecting 611 reproductive histories from
Herero and Mbanderu pastoralists in northwestern Botswana in southern
Africa. The hypothesis that women foster out their children as a
strategy for increasing the number of children they produce is tested.
Analysis of these data indicate that sex and birth year of children and
parents' marital status significantly influence a child's risk of being
fostered, but the relationship of fostering to fertility is unclear.
More recently born individuals, females, and children born to parents
who were not married to each other are more likely to be fostered than
older individuals, males, and children born to parents who were married
to each other."
Correspondence: R. Pennington, University
of Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology, 4412 Social Science
Building, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1393.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
57:40422 Peterson,
Jean T. Returns to parental investment in children in
Benguet Province, Philippines. Journal of Comparative Family
Studies, Vol. 22, No. 3, Autumn 1991. 313-28 pp. Calgary, Canada. In
Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Household survey data and family
histories from three highland Philippine communities are analyzed in
terms of the contributions adult children living apart from parents
make to parents. Differentials among the contributions of adult
children are related to developmental variation within sibling sets and
to occupational diversity promoted by differential educational
attainment. This diversity within the sibling set is treated as a
reflection of family and household strategies to reduce economic risk.
These household and family strategies can be expected to vary among
communities and may run counter to the aims of national educational and
family planning policies."
Correspondence: J. T. Peterson,
University of Illinois, Department of Women's Studies, Urbana, IL
61801. Location: Princeton University Library (SSA).
57:40423 Rowland, D.
T. Low fertility and the Australian dream: the family
background of Australian children. Australian Journal of Social
Issues, Vol. 26, No. 1, Feb 1991. 3-23 pp. Sydney, Australia. In Eng.
The author examines the family circumstances of children in
contemporary Australia. It is concluded that despite the changes in
family settings caused by low fertility and the deformalization of
marriage, the majority of children still come from conventional family
backgrounds. Because of economic and other constraints, however, only a
minority of children spend their first 15 years in the kind of
environment considered to be the Australian ideal (i.e., in a nuclear
family that owns its own home).
Correspondence: D. T.
Rowland, Australian National University, Department of Sociology,
Faculty of Arts, GPO 4, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
Location: New York Public Library.
57:40424 USSR.
Goskomstat SSSR. Informatsionno-Izdatel'skii Tsentr. Byuro
Sotsiologicheskikh Obsledovanii (Moscow, USSR). Family
structure, income, and housing conditions of families of industrial,
professional, and collective farm workers. [Sostav sem'i, dokhody
i zhilishchnye usloviya semei rabochikh, sluzhashchikh i kolkhoznikov.]
1990. 514 pp. Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
The results of a March 1989
survey of a nationally representative sample of 310,000 families in the
USSR are presented. This is the seventh in a series of surveys, the
previous ones being carried out in 1957, 1972, 1974, 1979, 1981, and
1984. The survey includes information on family composition by sex,
age, occupation, and education; income by social group and source;
private plots by size and type, crops cultivated, and availability of
livestock; housing conditions, including number of rooms, size, and
comfort; availability of durable household items; and other
information.
Correspondence: Goskomstat SSSR,
Informatsionno-Izdatel'skii Tsentr, Byuro Sotsiologicheskikh
Obsledovanii, Moscow, USSR. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
57:40425 Valero
Lobo, Angeles. Trends in households and family
characteristics in Madrid, 1970-1990. [Evolucion del hogar y de la
estructura familiar en Madrid, 1970-1990.] Boletin de la Asociacion de
Demografia Historica, Vol. 9, No. 1, 1991. 89-121 pp. Madrid, Spain. In
Spa.
An analysis of recent changes in families and households in
Madrid, Spain, is presented. Data are from the national censuses of
1970 and 1981 and the municipal register of 1986. The author also
analyzes the characteristics of the population of Madrid by sex, age,
and marital status.
Correspondence: A. Valero Lobo, Duque
de Rivas 5, 28012 Madrid, Spain. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
57:40426 Zeng,
Yi. Family dynamics in China: a life table analysis.
Life Course Studies, No. 7, ISBN 0-299-12630-7. LC 90-50102. 1991. xxi,
197 pp. University of Wisconsin Press: Madison, Wisconsin/London,
England. In Eng.
This is a review of current trends in population
dynamics and family structure in China. The author develops a
mathematical model for extending family status life table models to the
three-generational family that is still common in China. The model is
used to compare the dynamics of family structure in China before and
after the dramatic drop in fertility that has occurred since the
adoption of stringent limits on family size in 1979. Data are from a
variety of official sources, including the 1982 census and a number of
surveys conducted in the 1980s.
Correspondence: University
of Wisconsin Press, 114 North Murray Street, Madison, WI 53715.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:40427 Zuravin,
Susan J. Unplanned childbearing and family size: their
relationship to child neglect and abuse. Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 23, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1991. 155-61 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"Mothers from 198 low-income, female-headed families
[in the United States] enrolled in child protective services because of
child abuse or neglect were compared with an equal number of
age-matched controls, to determine if unplanned childbearing and family
size increase the risk of child neglect or abuse. Logistic regression
analyses suggest that unplanned childbearing increases the risk of
child abuse but not of child neglect. Large family size significantly
raises the risk of both types of maltreatment, although this factor had
a greater effect on the risk of abuse than on the risk of neglect.
Finally, unplanned childbearing appears to be indirectly related to
abuse through its effect on family size."
Correspondence:
S. J. Zuravin, University of Maryland, School of Social Work and
Community Planning, Baltimore, MD 21201. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
