57:20626 Boserup,
Ester. Economic and demographic relationships in
development: essays selected and introduced by T. Paul Schultz.
Johns Hopkins Studies in Development, ISBN 0-8018-3929-7. LC 89-35239.
1990. vi, 307 pp. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore, Maryland.
In Eng.
This is a selection of 25 previously published essays by
Ester Boserup that explore the connections between economic growth and
demographic trends, particularly those relating to the status of women
and the changing family. "Specific topics include the interplay of
agriculture and population, varying constraints on food supply and
agricultural productivity, and the economic activities of women and the
environmental determinants of desired fertility in low-income
countries. A series of chapters on Africa provides a concrete context
for the theoretical concerns of earlier
chapters."
Correspondence: Johns Hopkins University Press,
701 W. 40th Street, Suite 275, Baltimore, MD 21211. Location:
Population Council Library, New York, NY.
57:20627 Cohen,
Suleiman I. The interface between population and
development models, plans and policies. Pakistan Development
Review, Vol. 28, No. 4, Winter 1989. 385-411 pp. Islamabad, Pakistan.
In Eng.
Problems associated with including population economics
variables in development planning are explored. The author examines
conceptual issues involved in defining population economics variables,
how the relation between population and economic factors can be
modeled, and how to develop a framework for decision making in this
area. Some examples concerning policy issues are considered, including
policies designed to affect fertility. Comments on the paper by Zafar
Mahmood (pp. 405-7) and Dennis de Tray (pp. 408-11) are
included.
Correspondence: S. I. Cohen, Erasmus University,
Postbus 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20628 Lee,
Ronald. The demographic response to economic crisis in
historical and contemporary populations. Population Bulletin of
the United Nations, No. 29, 1990. 1-15 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"In the past decade, many developing economies have experienced
severe fluctuations. What have been the demographic consequences?
Rather than address the question directly, I shall place it in
perspective by discussing the influence of economic fluctuations on
vital rates in earlier periods, in both developed and developing
countries....I conclude that the experience of European populations
before the twentieth century is highly consistent with the experience
of the poorer third-world countries up to the present, or at least of
those few that have so far been examined. However, for the wealthier
third-world countries, patterns might be expected to conform more
closely to those of the populations of the developed countries, and
those patterns are entirely obscure and provide no reliable
guidance."
Correspondence: R. Lee, University of
California, Department of Economics, Berkeley, CA 94720.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20629 Baldi,
Stefano. Population trends in the Mediterranean region:
socioeconomic problems associated with the situation in the countries
of North Africa. [Lo sviluppo demografico nel Mediterraneo:
problemi economico-sociali legati alla situazione dei paesi del Nord
Africa.] Affari Sociali Internazionali, Vol. 18, No. 3, 1990. 49-63 pp.
Milan, Italy. In Ita.
The impact of current rates of population
growth on the economies of the countries of North Africa is assessed.
The author notes that the countries of the region had agreed in January
1990 to implement as soon as possible a policy of free circulation of
migrants among Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Mauritania, and Libya in
order to reduce levels of emigration from the region and to help
resolve labor-supply problems within the region.
Location:
New York Public Library.
57:20630 Banister,
Judith. Implications of the aging of China's
population. In: Changing family structure and population aging in
China: a comparative approach, edited by Zeng Yi, Zhang Chunyuan, and
Peng Songjian. 1990. 268-308 pp. Peking University Press: Beijing,
China. In Eng.
The author examines the demographic aging of China's
population and projects the age structure to the year 2050.
Governmental policies and critical problem areas concerning the aged
are discussed. The higher level of the dependency burden associated
with the lack of social security in rural areas is
stressed.
Correspondence: J. Banister, U.S. Bureau of the
Census, Center for International Research, Washington, D.C. 20233.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20631 Corbridge,
Stuart. Population growth and economic development.
Geography Review, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1989. 14-6 pp. Deddington, England. In
Eng.
The Malthusian and neo-Malthusian approaches to the role of
population growth in economic development and resource depletion are
briefly outlined. Three arguments are then presented that emphasize
demographic determinism, empirical evidence, and cause and effect. The
author concludes that non-coercive family planning programs may have a
role to play in countries that are unable to reduce inequalities,
particularly for the poor and for women.
Correspondence: S.
Corbridge, University of Cambridge, Department of Geography, Cambridge
CB2 1TN, England. Location: Indiana University Library,
Bloomington, IN.
57:20632 Faissol,
Speridiao. Population problems in Latin America.
[Problemas da populacao na America Latina.] Revista Geografica, No.
112, Jul-Dec 1990. 91-8 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Por.
The author
summarizes the findings of a working group set up by the Pan American
Institute of Geography and History's Commission on Geography concerning
population problems in Latin America. The socioeconomic conditions
affecting population growth are first outlined. Questions of migration
and urbanization are then reviewed. The author points out the close
links between population and development and the slow rate of progress
in resolving population problems in contrast to people's rising
expectations.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
57:20633 Hayes,
Adrian C. Population quality and sustainable development
in Indonesia: notes on a framework for the discussion of policy
issues. Majalah Demografi Indonesia/Indonesian Journal of
Demography, Vol. 17, No. 34, Dec 1990. 1-20 pp. Jakarta, Indonesia. In
Eng. with sum. in Ind.
"The purpose of the present paper is to
propose a simple yet broad conceptual framework for identifying some of
the important interconnections among various aspects of population,
environment, society, and development, which need to be taken into
account by policy makers when they address issues of population quality
and sustainable development [in
Indonesia]."
Correspondence: A. C. Hayes, Tribhuvan
University, Central Department of Population Studies, Kirtipur,
Kathmandu, Nepal. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
57:20634 Mugo
Gachuhi, J. Kenya's population growth, education,
employment and socio-economic development. Bureau of Educational
Research Seminar Paper, No. 200201, Jan 30, 1990. 23 pp. Kenyatta
University, Bureau of Educational Research: Nairobi, Kenya. In Eng.
This paper attempts to highlight some of the basic factors
affecting economic growth in Kenya, emphasizing the importance of rapid
population growth. Recent population trends are first reviewed.
Sections are then included on land supply, education, health, the
economy, income, and employment. The author concludes that the
continuation of rapid population growth at current rates precludes the
solution of problems in these areas.
Correspondence:
Kenyatta University, Bureau of Educational Research, P.O. Box 43844,
Nairobi, Kenya. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20635 Nag,
Prithvish. Population, settlement and development in
Zambia. ISBN 81-7022-268-0. 1990. xvii, 232 pp. Concept
Publishing: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The relationship between
population growth and socioeconomic development in Zambia is analyzed.
"Its modest economic and considerable demographic growth has provoked
changes in the spatial patterns of population and settlement,
especially rapid urbanization with all its numerous attendant problems,
such as those of housing, employment and the provisions of facilities
and amenities."
Correspondence: Concept Publishing Company,
A/15-16 Commercial Block, Mohan Garden, New Delhi 110 059, India.
Location: New York Public Library.
57:20636 Oteiza,
Enrique. Human resources in Latin America: a historical
focus on the relations among population, education, and
employment. [Los recursos humanos en la America Latina: enfoque
historico de las relaciones entre poblacion, educacion y empleo.]
Trimestre Economico, Vol. 56, No. 4, Oct-Dec 1989. 799-830 pp. Mexico
City, Mexico. In Spa.
The author traces the increased consideration
of human resources in the analysis of the relations among population,
education, and employment in Latin America. The focus is on the
importance of human resources for the long-term economic development of
the region, particularly the role of education in
development.
Correspondence: E. Oteiza, Fundaccion
Bariloche, Bariloche, Argentina. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
57:20637 Pasay, N.
Haidy A. Structural change and higher educated labour in
Indonesia. Majalah Demografi Indonesia/Indonesian Journal of
Demography, Vol. 17, No. 34, Dec 1990. 67-92 pp. Jakarta, Indonesia. In
Eng. with sum. in Ind.
Trends in population change, economic
growth, and educational levels in Indonesia during the period 1961-1985
are examined. The author focuses on the country's economic development
and the human resources and labor force necessary to achieve
development goals.
Correspondence: N. H. A. Pasay,
Universitas Indonesia, Fakultas Ekonomi, Lembaga Demografi, Salemba
Raya 4, Jakarta, Indonesia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
57:20638 Ukaegbu,
Chikwendu C. The human factor in national development:
some reflections on population and development in Nigeria.
Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies, Vol. 30, No. 1, Mar
1988. 27-42 pp. Ibadan, Nigeria. In Eng.
The relationship between
the effective utilization of human resources and successful
socioeconomic development in Nigeria is examined. The author argues
that Nigeria's current socioeconomic difficulties cannot be blamed on
population growth alone, and maintains that "underutilization of human
resources; lopsided production and distribution mechanisms; economic
depression; and under-developed science and technology system; erratic
climatic and agronomic conditions; the illegal exportation of food;
[and] corruption and mismanagement of revenue, all constitute forces
that simultaneously limit the national capacity to produce more
resources for the growing population."
Correspondence: C.
C. Ukaegbu, University of Nigeria, Department of Sociology, Nsukka,
Nigeria. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
57:20639 Zanamwe,
Lazarus. Population change and socio-economic development
in Zimbabwe. Pub. Order No. BRD-88890. 1989. 451 pp. University
Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"It is a
commonly held theory that population is related to levels of social and
economic development within a given country or society....The thesis
attempts to apply this theory in relation to the demographic
development of Zimbabwe. The thesis postulates that socio-economic
differentials within Zimbabwe are sufficiently pronounced as to begin
to affect the demographic structure of the country. It is with this in
mind that three objectives are set for the thesis: (a) the exploration
of the demographic structure of the population of Zimbabwe, as a means
of furthering the understanding of the nature of the demographic
development of the country; (b) the development and utilization of data
estimation techniques as a means of overcoming the deficiencies in the
data collected from official sources; and, (c) the investigation of the
link between population change, on the one hand, with social and
economic development on the other."
This work was prepared as a
doctoral dissertation at the University of
Leeds.
Correspondence: University Microfilms International,
300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346. Source:
Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social
Sciences 51(2).
57:20640 Zuo,
Xuejin. Population paradoxes in China--population viewed
as producers and consumers. Pub. Order No. DA9019447. 1989. 165
pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This study investigates the relationship between China's
population growth and its economic development. It first uses both
time-series and cross-section data to examine the possible negative
association between the changing size and the growth rate of the
country's population and economic performance. No evidence is found to
support a decisive negative relationship between the variables in a
simple two-variable model....Some features of China's
population-economic system, which distinguish China from many other
developing countries, such as the one-child birth-control policy, the
strictly controlled rural-urban migration, the rapid development of
rural manufacturing and other nonagricultural sectors, and the
rural-urban segmented capital markets, are incorporated into the
model."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the
University of Pittsburgh.
Correspondence: University
Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI
48106-1346. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A:
Humanities and Social Sciences 51(2).
57:20641 Alessie, R.
J. M.; Boorsma, P. B.; van den Bosch, F. A. J.; von Dewall, F. A.;
Frijns, J.; de Groot, H.; Heijke, J. A. M.; Kapteyn, A.; Koster, E. R.;
Kronjee, G. J.; Kuhry, B; Nieuwenhuis, A.; van Opstal, R.; Petersen,
C.; Ritzen, J. M. M.; Siegers, J. J.; Tenhaeff, C. R.
Demographic changes and economic development: Royal Association of
Economics preliminary reports, 1987. [Demografische veranderingen
en economische ontwikkelingen: Koninklijke Vereniging voor de
Staathuishoudkunde Preadviezen 1987.] ISBN 90-207-1606-9. LC 88-122236.
1987. xii, 303 pp. H. E. Stenfert Kroese: Leiden, Netherlands;
Wetenschappelijke en Educatieve Uitgevers: Antwerp, Belgium. In Dut.
This is a collection of papers by various authors presented at the
125th annual meeting of the Dutch Royal Association of Economics on
aspects of demographic aging in the Netherlands. Some attention is
also given to demographic trends around the
world.
Correspondence: H. E. Stenfert Kroese, Postbus 33,
2300AA Leiden, Netherlands. Location: U.S. Library of
Congress, Washington, D.C.
57:20642 Bucher,
Hansjorg. Population development in the Federal Republic
of Germany: effects in selected life situations.
[Bevolkerungsentwicklung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland:
Auswirkungen auf ausgewahlte Lebensbereiche.] Geographische Rundschau,
Vol. 38, No. 9, Sep 1986. 448-54 pp. Brunswick, Germany, Federal
Republic of. In Ger.
The effects of demographic aging and declining
fertility in West Germany are discussed. Population projections to
2030 are reviewed, and consequences for the labor force, pension
schemes, economic growth, housing, and the military are
examined.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington,
D.C.
57:20643 Draus,
Renate H. The third age in the German Federal
Republic. [Le troisieme age en Republique Federale Allemande.]
Observations et Diagnostics Economiques, No. 22, Jan 1988. 205-25 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre.
In this analysis, the author notes that the
process of demographic aging in West Germany is more advanced than in
any other country in the world. The majority of the aged population is
female. Both the income and assets of the elderly are higher than
those of the population as a whole, and their standard of living
continues to improve. Because the elderly spend rather than save, they
exert a positive impact on the economy. The links between the elderly
and the younger generations remain strong, as the elderly contribute
much in the way of financial support, although, as in other countries,
the family links between generations are
weakening.
Correspondence: R. H. Draus, Observatoire
Francais des Conjonctures Economiques, 69 Quai d'Orsay, 75007 Paris,
France. Location: New York Public Library.
57:20644 Gonnot,
J.-P. Demographic, social and economic aspects of the
pension problem: evidence from twelve countries. IIASA Working
Paper, No. WP-90-15, Mar 1990. ix, 47 pp. International Institute for
Applied Systems Analysis [IIASA]: Laxenburg, Austria. In Eng.
"This
paper gives an overview of the results of [an] international
comparative study....[which] consists of simulations of national state
pension systems under a common set of demographic scenarios up to the
year 2050. It includes 12 countries: Austria, Canada, Czechoslovakia,
Finland, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, the German Democratic
Republic, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway and Poland....The
demographic setting and the results of demographic projections are
presented in the first part of this paper with emphasis on aging and
changes in the marital composition of the population. Part two deals
with pensions. It includes a comparison of state pension systems as
well as labor and retirement patterns, a description of the pension
model, and a discussion of the results of pension projections. It also
pays special attention to the inequalities among women according to
marital history. The third part is devoted to assessing the possible
impact of pension reforms."
Correspondence: International
Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20645 Gonnot,
Jean-Pierre. Socio-demographic changes and the pension
problem in Austria. IIASA Working Paper, No. WP-90-022, May 1990.
ix, 39 pp. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
[IIASA]: Laxenburg, Austria. In Eng.
"The aging of the Austrian
population will reach, in the first half of the next century, a level
which implies a dramatic deterioration of the performance of the State
pension system. Parallel to aging, substantial changes in the marital
composition of the elderly population and strong improvements in
benefit entitlements for women will be observed. Different solutions
to the pension problem are tested and
compared."
Correspondence: International Institute for
Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20646 Klaassen,
L. H.; Van Der Vlist, J. A. Senior citizens: a
burden? Economist, Vol. 138, No. 3, 1990. 302-20 pp. Leiden,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"Some people have serious worries about the
effects of an aging population in The Netherlands. In this article,
attention is directed towards a number of positive effects, like their
rather high purchasing power, their low criminality rate, low rate of
traffic accidents, etc. If one takes account of the expected rise in
incomes of the elderly, the influence of aging on a country's economy
will generally be positive. Income expenditure will be focussed on
travel and housing. Promoting the immigration of elderly people may
bring about a reinforcement of a regional
economy."
Correspondence: L. H. Klaassen, Erasmus
Universiteit Rotterdam, Postbus 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Location: New York Public Library.
57:20647 McLoughlin,
Jane. The demographic revolution. ISBN 0-571-16114-6.
1990. 159 pp. Faber and Faber: London, England. In Eng.
The
implications for Britain of current demographic trends are explored,
with emphasis on the consequences of a shortfall of nearly a million
young people available to work by the early 1990s. "Drawing on
interviews with Government ministers, industrial bosses and union
leaders, [the author] examines the practical challenges we must all
face; the crisis in the National Health Service as it copes with the
demands of an additional one million pensioners; the transformation of
family life as women become a majority in the workforce; [and] the
upheaval in education as today's syllabus is made
redundant."
Correspondence: Faber and Faber, 3 Queen
Square, London WC1N 3AU, England. Location: New York Public
Library.
57:20648 Rakov, A.
A. The demographic principles of economic planning.
[Demograficheskie osnovy narodno khozyaistvennogo planirovaniya.] ISBN
5-343-00509-8. 1990. 268 pp. Navuka i Tekhnika: Minsk, USSR. In Rus.
This study is concerned with the role of demographic factors in
socioeconomic development planning. The first chapter deals with
methodological and theoretical aspects of the relationship between
population and development. The next chapter looks at population
policy and how it should be developed in the framework of social
policy. The demographic factor is then considered in relation to
employment, education, public health, agricultural production,
construction, and natural resources and the environment. The author
then looks at the different needs of families, young people, women, and
the elderly. Demographic forecasting in the planning process is
described. Finally, population models as planning tools are
introduced. The primary geographical focus is on the
USSR.
Correspondence: Navuka i Tekhnika, Zhodinskaya 18,
220600 Minsk, USSR. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
57:20649 Scherbov,
Sergei; Keyfitz, Nathan; Lutz, Wolfgang; Prinz, Christopher; Wils,
Anne. Demographic aspects of changes in the Soviet pension
system. IIASA Working Paper, No. WP-90-003, Apr 1990. vii, 28 pp.
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [IIASA]:
Laxenburg, Austria. In Eng.
"The paper discusses the consequences
of possible demographic changes in the USSR as a whole and at the
regional level upon the pension system under different assumptions
about retirement ages. Some general recommendations on changes in the
pension system based on international experience are
presented."
Correspondence: International Institute for
Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20650 Schulz,
James H.; Borowski, Allan; Crown, William H.; Hoshino, Shinya;
Kumashiro, Akihiko; Leavitt, Thomas; Takada, Kazuo.
Economics of population aging: the "graying" of Australia, Japan,
and the United States. ISBN 0-86569-008-1. LC 90-437. 1991. xiv,
364 pp. Auburn House: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
This book examines the argument that demographic aging will cause
serious economic problems, particularly in developed countries, using
the examples of Australia, Japan, and the United States. "After a
brief review of the phenomenon of demographic aging, the authors give a
summary of the major economic programs offered to the aged. Extensive
research is used to evaluate the concept of dependency ratios and to
predict the impact on younger and older persons of future economic and
demographic growth. This discussion then provides the basis for a
review of evolving retirement policies in the three countries. Special
attention is given to the way pension plans have been designed,
especially early and mandatory retirement policies. An assessment of
the adequacy of retirement income follows. The final three chapters
are devoted to policy options for the future, given trends in
demographic aging."
Correspondence: Auburn House
Publishing, 14 Dedham Street, Dover, MA 02030-0658. Location:
Population Council Library, New York, NY.
57:20651 Taylor,
Lowell J. The dynamic analysis of demographic change in a
life cycle savings model. Pub. Order No. DA9014026. 1989. 155 pp.
University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"The research presented in this dissertation is motivated by the
observation that life-cycle considerations influence the economic
behavior of households, and thus the age composition of the population
can be an important determinant of aggregate economic activity. As a
consequence, demographic change can affect economic outcomes. To
explore the implications of this observation, we study demographic
change in a decentralized economic growth model composed of overlapping
cohorts of utility-maximizing households." The geographical focus is
on the United States.
This work was prepared as a doctoral
dissertation at the University of Michigan.
Correspondence:
University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI
48106-1346. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A:
Humanities and Social Sciences 51(1).
57:20652 Weber,
Ernst J. Qualifying Ricardian equivalence:
immigration. Department of Economics Discussion Paper, No. 89.19,
ISBN 0-86422-772-8. Jul 1989. 12 pp. University of Western Australia,
Department of Economics: Nedlands, Australia. In Eng.
The impact of
immigration on fiscal policy in selected developed countries is
examined using the examples of Australia, Canada, and the United
States. "It will be shown that in countries experiencing immigration
the wealth effect of a deficit-financed tax cut amounts to up to one
quarter of that in static macroeconomic models. This implies that
fiscal policy is more effective in immigration countries than it is
usually assumed in modern macroeconomic
models."
Correspondence: University of Western Australia,
Department of Economics, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20653 Weir, David
R. An historical perspective on the economic consequences
of rapid population growth. Economic Growth Center Discussion
Paper, No. 600, Aug 1989. 42 pp. Yale University, Economic Growth
Center: New Haven, Connecticut. In Eng.
The author discusses the
economic consequences of population growth "by using single-country
time-series of land rents instead of wages, and by estimating wage
responses from a newly-constructed panel data set of the six largest
European economies from 1500 to 1800. The new results show less
dramatic negative consequences of population growth for real wages than
did earlier studies, but the magnitude of the effect remains larger
than expected from simple diminishing returns in a production function
with reasonable factor substitution possibilities....The panel data
results also confirm the superiority of English and Dutch economic
performance in this period, as these countries were capable of
absorbing more rapid population growth at constant real
wages."
Correspondence: Yale University, Economic Growth
Center, Box 1987, Yale Station, New Haven, CT 06520.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20654 Zdrojewski,
Eugeniusz Z. Demographic factors affecting socioeconomic
development in West Pomorze. [Przemiany demograficzne a rozwoj
spoleczno-gospodarczy Pomorza Zachodniego.] Monografie i Opracowania,
No. 320, 1990. 331 pp. Szkola Glowna Planowania i Statystyki, Instytut
Statystyki i Demografii: Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The relationship between socioeconomic development and demographic
factors in the Polish region of West Pomorze is explored, with emphasis
on the period 1975-1985. The population dynamics of the region are
first examined, with separate consideration given to both natural
increase and migration. Chapters are included on employment,
production, and the social infrastructure. The study concludes by
looking at likely trends in both development and population up to the
year 2000.
Correspondence: Szkola Glowna Planowania i
Statystyki, Instytut Statystyki i Demografii, Al. Niepodlegosci 162,
02-554 Warsaw, Poland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
57:20655 Agrasot,
Paloma; Tabutin, Dominique; Thiltges, Evelyne. The
relation between population and environment in the countries of the
south: facts and theories. [Les relations entre population et
environnement dans les pays du sud: faits et theories.] Institut de
Demographie Working Paper, No. 153, ISBN 2-87209-100-9. Jan 1991. 32
pp. Universite Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Demographie:
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Fre.
The authors examine the
relations among the environment, natural resources, and population
growth in the developing world. They first review the available facts
concerning population growth and the condition of the environment.
They then summarize the results of the studies done on these
relationships and the theories developed to explain them. They conclude
by identifying some unresolved issues, primarily in the area of
methodology.
Correspondence: Universite Catholique de
Louvain, Institut de Demographie, Place Montesquieu 1, Boite 17, 1348
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
57:20656 Dahlman,
Carl J. The tragedy of the commons that wasn't: on
technical solutions to the institutions game. Population and
Environment, Vol. 12, No. 3, Spring 1991. 285-96 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
The author uses Garrett Hardin's thesis concerning
population growth and land ownership and their effects on natural
resources as a basis for discussing the sociopolitical background
determining resource use and conservation. The need for institutions
and governments to enact policies that address population and energy
problems is stressed.
Correspondence: C. J. Dahlman, 3616
Thornapple Street, Chevy Chase, MD 20815. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
57:20657 Dyson,
Tim. On the demography of South Asian famines. Part
I. Population Studies, Vol. 45, No. 1, Mar 1991. 5-25 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
"The present paper provides a comparative
demographic analysis of the five largest South Asian famines for which
detailed data exist; these are the famines of 1876-78, 1896-97,
1899-1900, the Bengal famine of 1943-44 and the Bangladesh famine of
1974-75. These crises raise many interesting issues, such as the scale
of excess mortality and the socio-economic distribution of famine
deaths. But we will focus upon certain specific short-term aspects of
these disasters, namely (i) the evolution through time of the mortality
and fertility responses to famine, (ii) the interaction of famine
conditions and epidemics and (iii) the age and sex composition of
famine deaths."
Correspondence: T. Dyson, London School of
Economics, Department of Population Studies, London WC2A 2AE, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20658 Ehrlich,
Anne H. People and food. Population and Environment,
Vol. 12, No. 3, Spring 1991. 221-9 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The author discusses the effects of population growth, global
warming, and agricultural production on the world's food supply. She
describes a model that tests the impact of global climatic change on
world food security, and stresses the need to reduce the number of
births as a means of preventing deaths from hunger and
poverty.
Correspondence: A. H. Ehrlich, Stanford
University, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20659 Fletcher,
Joseph. Chronic famine and the immorality of food aid: a
bow to Garrett Hardin. Population and Environment, Vol. 12, No. 3,
Spring 1991. 331-8 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The author
discusses Garrett Hardin's analysis of the ethics of providing food aid
as a means of coping with famine. The geographical scope is
worldwide.
Correspondence: J. Fletcher,
Westminster-Canterbury, Apartment C-229, 250 Pantops, Mountain Road,
Charlottesville, VA 22901. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
57:20660 Hardin,
Garrett. From shortage to longage: forty years in the
population vineyards. Population and Environment, Vol. 12, No. 3,
Spring 1991. 339-49 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
This is an
essay on the cultural and social aspects of population control and
carrying capacity throughout the world.
Correspondence: G.
Hardin, 399 Arboleda Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93110. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20661 Heilig,
Gerhard. Hunger in Africa: problems of population growth
and agricultural productivity. Popnet, No. 19, Spring 1991. 7-12
pp. Laxenburg, Austria. In Eng.
The problem of hunger in Africa is
examined using data from the U.N. Food and Agricultural Organization
for the period 1960-1988. The author discusses the relationship
between the continent's population growth, agricultural productivity,
and environmental damage that have combined to decrease the average
daily food intake per capita. He states that "in Africa...the
population not only faces problems of uneven food distribution and
suffers from the lack of purchasing power; the continent also is
confronted by a widening gap between the capacity of its agriculture
and the growth of its population. Put very bluntly, Africa is rapidly
losing its ability to feed itself."
Correspondence: G.
Heilig, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361
Laxenburg, Austria. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
57:20662 Holdren,
John P. Population and the energy problem. Population
and Environment, Vol. 12, No. 3, Spring 1991. 231-55 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
The effect of world population growth on the energy
supply and the impact of increased energy consumption on the
environment are described. Particular attention is given to sources of
gas emissions that contribute to global warming, the sociopolitical
backgrounds of international and national energy policies, and the
implications of proposed efficiency measures for developing
countries.
Correspondence: J. P. Holdren, University of
California, Energy and Resource Group, Building T-4, Room 100,
Berkeley, CA 94720. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
57:20663 Kisovi,
Leonard M. Population pressure in Kitui District,
Kenya. 1990. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor,
Michigan. In Eng.
"This study sets out to investigate the magnitude
of population pressure, in Kitui District [Kenya]. Kitui District is
one of Kenya's marginal regions; while overall population density is
low, population pressure has reached crisis proportions. Whereas in
many of the arid and semi-arid regions of Kenya research has been
undertaken on the issue of population pressure, Kitui District has so
far been neglected. This study attempts to fill this apparent gap."
Aspects considered include "land fragmentation and subdivision,
declining crop yields and malnutrition, deforestation and increased
soil erosion, and a swelling flow of urban-bound migrants...."
This
work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the University of
Manitoba.
Correspondence: University Microfilms
International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities
and Social Sciences 50(12).
57:20664 Luten,
Daniel B. Population and resources. Population and
Environment, Vol. 12, No. 3, Spring 1991. 311-29 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
Trends in population growth and industrialization and
their impact on food production and natural resources are examined.
The geographical scope is worldwide, with special emphasis on the
United States.
Correspondence: D. B. Luten, 1097 Creston
Road, Berkeley, CA 94708-1545. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
57:20665 Lutz, W.;
Toth, F. L. Population, economy, and environment in
Mauritius. IIASA Collaborative Paper, No. CP-91-001, Jan 1991.
vii, 331 pp. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
[IIASA]: Laxenburg, Austria. In Eng.
These are the proceedings of a
meeting conducted as part of a UNFPA-sponsored project concerning
population and sustainable development in Mauritius, held in Laxenburg,
Austria, September 3-5, 1990. The 21 papers are grouped under two main
headings. Part 2, on population and the labor force, includes papers
on population policy, the family planning program, and fertility
change. Part 3, on economic development and environmental impacts,
contains papers on energy demands, agriculture, water supply, tourism,
climate change, and the spatial distribution of the
population.
Correspondence: International Institute for
Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20666 Lutz,
Wolfgang. Population and sustainable development.
Popnet, No. 18, Fall 1990. 1-4 pp. Laxenburg, Austria. In Eng.
The
author previews an interdisciplinary research project on Mauritius on
population and sustainable development. The project will focus on the
interrelationships among population, development, and the environment.
"The expected result of the project will be a computerized information
system based on a dynamic simulation model that will allow the user to
run alternative scenarios, test various policy options, and show
possible paths to specified goals."
Correspondence: W.
Lutz, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361
Laxenburg, Austria. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
57:20667 Mishra, R.
P. Population and food supply in Madhya Pradesh. ISBN
81-85119-73-2. 1989. xiv, 120 pp. Northern Book Centre: New Delhi,
India. In Eng.
The relationship between population dynamics and
food supply in developing countries is examined through a case study of
Madhya Pradesh, India. The author also examines "the nature of
spatio-temporal changes in the demographic characteristics and food
production with a view to [identifying] the kind and direction of
change in the population food resource relationships in the state."
Information is included on population growth, spatial distribution and
regional differentials, occupational structure, and agricultural
resources. Data are from the 1951 and 1981 Indian
censuses.
Correspondence: Northern Book Centre, 4221/1
Ansari Road, New Delhi 110 002, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
57:20668 Simon, J.
L.; Steinmann, Gunter. Population growth, farmland, and
the long-run standard of living. Journal of Population Economics,
Vol. 4, No. 1, Mar 1991. 37-51 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany.
In Eng.
"This paper studies the natural-resources element in the
theory of population growth over the very long run. In the context of
the stock of land and Malthusian crises in earlier times, the model
shows how resources have become more available rather than more scarce,
even as population and income have increased. The paper sketches a
mechanism which added to the Malthusian system, leads to entirely
different conclusions than does the Malthusian system....That is,
population growth creates new problems which in the short run
constitute additional burdens which, in the longer run, lead to new
developments that leave people better off than if the problems had
never arisen."
This is a revised version of a paper originally
presented at the 1989 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America (see Population Index, Vol. 55, No. 3, Fall 1989, p.
382).
Correspondence: J. L. Simon, University of Maryland,
Department of Business Administration, College Park, MD 20742.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20669 Stroup,
Richard L. Controlling earth's resources: markets or
socialism? Population and Environment, Vol. 12, No. 3, Spring
1991. 265-84 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The important message
contained in Garrett Hardin's...'The Tragedy of the Commons,' is that
in making resource-use decisions individuals see their own narrow
interests best and, if not constrained by institutions such as
governmental rule or market incentives, will tend to follow those
narrow interests....In this paper, the same insight is applied to the
two types of control mechanism cited by Hardin: socialist management
and private ownership." The author finds that private property
ownership tends to ensure more efficient and considerate resource use.
Comparisons are made between socialist and capitalist
countries.
Correspondence: R. L. Stroup, Political Economy
Research Center, 502 South 19th Avenue, Suite 211, Bozeman, MT 59715.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20670 Abel,
Marjorie; Folbre, Nancy. A methodology for revising
estimates: female market participation in the U.S. before 1940.
Historical Methods, Vol. 23, No. 4, Fall 1990. 167-76 pp. Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
Problems concerning estimation of the extent of female
participation in the U.S. labor force before 1940 are examined. "The
first section of this paper briefly reviews the debate over
underenumeration of women's marketwork, calling attention to problems
of gender bias as well as chronological consistency. The second
section critically analyzes three recent efforts to compensate for
underenumeration of self-employed (or 'family-employed') women in the
late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries on the national level,
emphasizing additional sources of data required to develop firmer
estimates. The third section illustrates a more disaggregated approach
with a detailed analysis of the occupations of married women in the
towns of Montague and Easthampton, Massachusetts, in
1880."
Correspondence: M. Abel, Keene State College,
Division of Sciences (Anthropology), 229 Main Street, Keene, NH 03431.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20671 Bauer,
John. Demographic change and Asian labor markets in the
1990s. Population and Development Review, Vol. 16, No. 4, Dec
1990. 615-45, 810, 812 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Spa.
"I have projected the labor force for several Asian
countries by applying projected labor force participation rates to
projected populations. The population figures are the medium variant of
the most recent projections from the United Nations....Diversity in
Asia's demographic trends contributes to a wide range of labor market
conditions. In Japan and the newly industrialized countries (NICs),
labor force growth rates will continue to decline and labor costs will
rise. The responses to greater tightening of labor markets will
include additional restructuring into higher value-added production,
additional movement of labor-intensive production abroad via direct
foreign investment, and greater importation of labor. In the more
labor-abundant countries of South and Southeast Asia, rapid labor force
growth will ensure that labor absorption remains a crucial concern
during the next two decades. The importance of rural nonfarm
employment will grow, as will the burdens placed on the urban informal
sectors of these countries."
Correspondence: J. Bauer,
East-West Center, East-West Population Institute, 1777 East-West Road,
Honolulu, HI 96848. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
57:20672 Bogdanov,
Zdravko. Loss of labor resources as a result of
disability. [Zaguba na trudovi resursi poradi invalidizirane.]
Naselenie, Vol. 7, No. 2, 1989. 102-8 pp. Sofia, Bulgaria. In Bul. with
sum. in Eng; Rus.
The author discusses the effects of disabling
disease and injury on the size of the work force in
Bulgaria.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20673 Borjas,
George J. Immigrants in the U.S. labor market:
1940-80. American Economic Review, Vol. 81, No. 2, May 1991.
287-91 pp. Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
"This paper...[explores]
the extent and causes of the decline in immigrant skills [in the United
States] during the postwar period. Prior to 1965, immigration to the
United States was guided by the national-origins quota system. This
visa allocation system awarded visas to countries based on the
representation of the national origin group in the U.S. population as
of 1920. The 1965 Amendments abolished the national-origins formula,
thus redistributing visas across source countries, and established a
system where visas are mainly given to relatives of U.S. citizens or
residents. The empirical analysis shows that a single factor, the
changing national origin mix of the immigrant flow, is mainly
responsible for the decline in immigrant
skills."
Correspondence: G. J. Borjas, University of
California at San Diego, Department of Economics, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
57:20674 Carlin,
Paul S. Home investment in husband's human capital and the
wife's decision to work. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 4,
No. 1, Mar 1991. 71-86 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"This paper explores the importance of husbands' career demands and
assortative mating patterns for market-specific human capital on the
decision of married women to work or not....[It] has three goals: (1)
to derive, within the framework of a standard model of home production,
a testable hypothesis concerning the effect of home investment in
husband's human capital on a wife's decision to work; (2) to reconcile
the theory with the existing empirical evidence by noting that issues
of joint husband and wife decision-making cannot be viewed without
considering the role of the marriage sorting market; and (3) to provide
new empirical evidence that isolates the home investment effect from
the sorting effect." Data are from 281 married couples in the United
States.
Correspondence: P. S. Carlin, Indiana University,
Department of Economics, 425 University Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN
46202-5140. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20675
Desplanques, Guy; Raton, Isabelle; Thave, Suzanne.
Female labor force participation. [L'activite feminine.] INSEE
Resultats: Demographie-Societe, No. 10, ISBN 2-11-065923-8. Jan 1991.
96 pp. Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques
[INSEE]: Paris, France. In Fre.
Trends over time in female labor
force participation in France are analyzed. Data are primarily from a
family survey, surveys on employment, and the census and cover the
period 1954-1989. Attention is paid to the relationship between
employment and fertility.
Correspondence: Institut National
de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, 18 Boulevard
Adolph-Pinard, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20676 Gauthier,
Herve. The economically active population in Quebec: some
demographic aspects. [La population active au Quebec: aspects
demographiques.] Statistiques Demographiques, ISBN 2-551-14456-6. 1991.
141 pp. Bureau de la Statistique du Quebec: Quebec, Canada. In Fre.
Demographic factors affecting developments in the economically
active population of the province of Quebec are analyzed. Data are
from Canadian censuses, labor force surveys, and surveys on consumers'
financial status. Chapters are included on the development of the
labor force from 1951 to 1986, the characteristics of the growth in the
size of the labor force, migration, the effect of having children on
female economic activity, professional qualifications by sex, and age
distribution by profession.
Correspondence: Bureau de la
Statistique du Quebec, 117 rue Saint-Andre, Quebec G1K 3Y3, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20677
Kurzynowski, Adam. Changes in patterns of behavior
toward work of mothers who gave birth to their children in the 1980s
(results of a survey conducted in 1988 by the Institute of Social
Economy). [Przemiany wzorow zachowan matek wobec pracy po
urodzeniu dziecka w latach 80-tych (wyniki badania IGS z 1988 r.).]
Biuletyn IGS, Vol. 32, No. 1, 1989. 7-23, 163, 168-9 pp. Warsaw,
Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The results of a 1988 survey
of 5,382 young Polish mothers concerning employment following the birth
of a child are presented. They show that 83 percent of mothers return
to work following maternity leave, that educational and salary levels
are the primary factors affecting return to work, and that women are
taking increasing lengths of time away from work to care for
children.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20678 LaLonde,
Robert J.; Topel, Robert H. Immigrants in the American
labor market: quality, assimilation, and distributional effects.
American Economic Review, Vol. 81, No. 2, May 1991. 297-302 pp.
Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
"This paper provides evidence on
immigrants' performance and impact in the U.S. labor market. We
document that new immigrants do bring fewer marketable skills to the
United States than did earlier cohorts, and that changes in the source
countries of recent immigrants account for all of this decline in
immigrant 'quality.' We find no important evidence that quality has
declined within immigrant ethnic groups. We also show that immigrants
assimilate rapidly in the U.S. market (10 years of U.S. experience
offsets most of the earnings disadvantage of new immigrants), and that
assimilation is more rapid for groups who start with lower initial
wages."
Correspondence: R. J. LaLonde, University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
57:20679 Park, Young
Jin. Korean patterns of women's labor force participation
during the period, 1960-1980. Korea Journal of Population and
Development, Vol. 19, No. 1, Jul 1990. 71-90 pp. Seoul, Korea, Republic
of. In Eng.
"This article investigates how the patterns of Korean
women's labor force participation have changed during the 1960s and the
1970s, [periods] of rapid economic development and social changes. The
discussion focuses on the comparison of three sets of cross-sectional
data derived from the 1960, 1970 and 1980 [Republic of Korea] censuses.
Although not dramatic, the gross rates of women's labor force
participation show an upward trend. A very high and rapidly increasing
rate of rural women's labor force participation did not result in a big
increase in the total rate because of the significant rise in the
proportion of the population living in urban areas. However, the
employment structure and patterns of women's labor force participation
have changed significantly, especially in urban
areas."
Correspondence: Y. J. Park, Seoul National
University, Population and Development Studies Center, Sinlim-dong,
Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151, Republic of Korea. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
57:20680 Pugliese,
Enrico. Immigrants in the labor market. [Gli
immigrati nel mercato del lavoro.] Polis, Vol. 4, No. 1, Apr 1990.
71-93 pp. Bologna, Italy. In Ita. with sum. in Eng.
This is an
analysis by occupation of foreigners working in Italy. "A relationship
can frequently be observed between country of origin, religion, sex,
and employment. Then, those who immigrate into Italy from Islamic
countries are largely single males; most of them work as hawkers. At
the opposite end, women, still prevalently employed in domestic
service, come from Catholic countries, or from Catholic minorities
within countries with different predominant religions. Besides these
two categories, more traditional and majoritarian, there are the
employed in agriculture, services, and, only recently, industry. The
article points to the highly intense dynamics of immigration and to the
ever-changing relative weight of different nationalities, main
settlements, and prevalent activities themselves in the various
regions."
Location: New York Public Library.
57:20681 Swasono,
Yudo; Boediono. The prospects for the development of human
resources in Indonesia. [Prospek sumber daya manusia pada
pembangunan jangka panjang Indonesia.] Majalah Demografi
Indonesia/Indonesian Journal of Demography, Vol. 17, No. 34, Dec 1990.
21-34 pp. Jakarta, Indonesia. In Ind. with sum. in Eng.
Human
resource development and associated policies are examined for
Indonesia. The authors discuss the importance of education, health,
women's status, population policy, and employment
opportunities.
Correspondence: Y. Swasono, Departemen
Tenaga Kerja RI, Jakarta, Indonesia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
57:20682 United
Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
[ESCAP] (Bangkok, Thailand). Demographic and spacial
aspects of labour force growth. Population Research Leads, No. 35,
1990. 10 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
This is a summary of
demographic and spatial aspects of labor force growth in the ESCAP
region since 1970, with projections made to the year 2000. Aspects
considered include the size, growth rate, and age and sex structure of
the labor force; changes in the urban labor force; and changes in
industrial and occupational characteristics. Policy implications of
labor force change are considered.
Correspondence: U.N.
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Population
Division, Population Information Section, United Nations Building,
Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
57:20683 Winegarden,
C. R.; Khor, Lay Boon. Undocumented immigration and
unemployment of U.S. youth and minority workers: econometric
evidence. Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 73, No. 1, Feb
1991. 105-12 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"We use
Census-based data on the state distribution of the undocumented-alien
population in analyzing the relationship between that population and
unemployment among youth and minority workers [in the United States].
Regression results from our two-equation models do not support
commonly-expressed fears that undocumented immigration has caused any
substantial increases in joblessness among these presumably vulnerable
groups, although small amounts of displacement are indicated. A
sizeable reverse effect is evident: undocumented immigrants tend to
concentrate in states where labor markets for these marginal groups are
most favorable."
Correspondence: C. R. Winegarden,
University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
57:20684 Young,
Christabel. The impact of demographic change on
Australia's labour force with reference to the special role of
women. Working Papers in Demography, No. 19, 1990. 23 pp.
Australian National University, Research School of Social Sciences,
Division of Demography and Sociology: Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"This paper refers to the effect of the current age structure of
Australia's population on the size of the future labour force, and
dispels some of the fears about an ageing population and an ageing
labour force. A major theme is the contribution of women to the growth
of the labour force and to reducing the dependency ratio....The paper
refers to the demographic benefits of maintaining near-replacement
fertility, and to the economic benefits of enabling women to
participate in the labour force, both with regard to the current
advantages to women and to the economy, and also with regard to the
future advantages of reducing women's dependency in old
age."
Correspondence: Australian National University,
Research School of Social Sciences, Division of Demography and
Sociology, P.O. Box 4, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
