56:40110 Alho, Juha
M.; Spencer, Bruce D. Error models for official mortality
forecasts. JASA: Journal of the American Statistical Association,
Vol. 85, No. 411, Sep 1990. 609-16 pp. Alexandria, Virginia. In Eng.
"The Office of the Actuary, U.S. Social Security Administration,
produces alternative forecasts of mortality to reflect uncertainty
about the future....In this article we identify the components and
assumptions of the official forecasts and approximate them by
stochastic parametric models. We estimate parameters of the models
from past data, derive statistical intervals for the forecasts, and
compare them with the official high-low intervals. We use the models
to evaluate the forecasts rather than to develop different predictions
of the future. Analysis of data from 1972 to 1985 shows that the
official intervals for mortality forecasts for males or females aged
45-70 have approximately a 95% chance of including the true mortality
rate in any year. For other ages the chances are much less than
95%."
Correspondence: J. M. Alho, University of Illinois,
Institute for Environmental Studies, Urbana, IL 61801.
Location: Princeton University Library (SM).
56:40111 Besancenot,
Jean-Pierre. Seasons and mortality in Italy: some
ambiguous relationships and their geographic implications.
[Saisons et mortalite en Italie: quelques relations ambigues et leurs
implications geographiques.] Bulletin de l'Association de Geographes
Francais, Vol. 65, No. 5, Dec 1988. 383-92 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
with sum. in Eng.
"A statistical analysis of mortality data during
the current century in Italy reveals that the seasonal variation curve
has undergone conspicuous chronological changes from decade to decade,
the rates gradually evolving from a summer to winter maximum. But from
[one] region to another the evolution started sooner or later and it is
today more or less achieved. Moreover, while almost all countries in
the world have come to show such moderateness as to be called
deseasonality, i.e. a seasonal variation pattern nearly equal to a
straight line, Italy is a sharp exception to this
rule."
Correspondence: J.-P. Besancenot, Groupement de
Recherche CNRS "Climat et Sante," 36 rue Chabot-Charny, 21000 Dijon,
France. Location: New York Public Library.
56:40112
Camposortega Cruz, Sergio. Mortality in the
1980s. [La mortalidad en los anos ochenta.] Revista Mexicana de
Sociologia, Vol. 52, No. 1, Jan-Mar 1990. 83-109 pp. Mexico City,
Mexico. In Spa.
The author analyzes mortality levels in Mexico by
age and sex according to selected socioeconomic and geographic
variables for the period 1980-1985. Mortality in 1980 is first
reviewed. Complete life tables are then provided for 1983-1985 for the
whole country. Male mortality showed the greatest decline, due to a
decrease in deaths from violence and
accidents.
Correspondence: S. Camposortega Cruz, Colegio de
Mexico, Camino al Ajusco 20, 10740 Mexico DF, Mexico.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40113 Capocaccia,
R.; Farchi, G.; Mariotti, S.; Verdecchia, A.; Angeli, A.; Scipione, R.;
Feola, G.; Morganti, P. Mortality in Italy in 1987.
[La mortalita in Italia nell'anno 1987.] Rapporti ISTISAN, No. 90/18,
1990. ii, 59 pp. Istituto Superiore di Sanita: Rome, Italy; Istituto
Nazionale di Statistica: Rome, Italy. In Ita. with sum. in Eng.
"A
series of analytical tables for mortality data in Italy in 1987 is
described. The age-and-sex specific rates for the whole of Italy are
reported for 45 different death causes, as well as the national
standardized rate [referring] to the 1971 population. The standardized
rates for each of the 20 regions and the three main subdivisions:
North, Center, South/Islands are also reported. This report belongs to
a series describing mortality in Italy since 1970, using the same
methods, with yearly up-dating editions."
Correspondence:
Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161,
Italy. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40114 Consejo
Nacional de Poblacion [CONAPO]. Centro de Documentacion en Poblacion y
Desarrollo [CENDOP] (La Paz, Bolivia). Mortality and
health in Bolivia (an annotated bibliography). [Mortalidad y salud
en Bolivia (bibliografia anotada).] Informacion sobre Poblacion, Vol.
4, 1989. 266 pp. La Paz, Bolivia. In Spa.
This annotated
bibliography concerns mortality and morbidity in Bolivia. It consists
primarily of Spanish-language materials published since 1960. A number
of indexes are provided, including authors and institutions, titles,
acronyms, projects, conferences and geography, series, and
subject.
Correspondence: Consejo Nacional de Poblacion,
Avenida Acre 2147, Casilla 686, La Paz, Bolivia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40115 Curtin,
Philip D. Death by migration: Europe's encounter with the
tropical world in the nineteenth century. ISBN 0-521-37162-7. LC
89-31414. 1989. xix, 251 pp. Cambridge University Press: New York, New
York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
The author describes relocation
costs in mortality among European soldiers in the tropics between about
1815 and 1914 and analyzes differential mortality between those sent
overseas and those remaining at home during this period of declining
mortality. "The first objective is to establish the principal patterns
of European military death from disease in the tropical world, then to
discover why they changed. The book contains two parts. The first
deals with the period up to the 1860s, a period of relative stability
in a mainly pre-industrial world. The second deals with the 1870s to
the beginning of the First World War, the transitional decades when
scientific medicine became a major influence." The study is based on
military medical data from France and Great
Britain.
Correspondence: Cambridge University Press, Pitt
Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40116 Ehrlich,
Isaac; Chuma, Hiroyuki. A model of the demand for
longevity and the value of life extension. Journal of Political
Economy, Vol. 98, No. 4, Aug 1990. 761-82 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In
Eng.
"We specify a demand function for longevity, or 'quantity of
life,' along with corresponding demand functions for indicators of
'quantity of life' and a value-of-health and life extension
function....Our comparative dynamics predictions indicate that optimal
health and longevity are increasing functions of endowed wealth rather
than, necessarily, current income; that improvements in opportunities
to produce health can accentuate the differences between endowed health
and attained longevity levels; and that the value individuals ascribe
to their health may be increasing over a good portion of their life
cycle. We use this model to analyze observed empirical variations in
levels and trends of life expectancy and in exposure to health risks
across different population groups."
Correspondence: I.
Ehrlich, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
56:40117 Emery,
George; McQuillan, Kevin. A case study approach to Ontario
mortality history: the example of Ingersoll, 1881-1972. Canadian
Studies in Population, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1988. 135-58 pp. Edmonton,
Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Using the town of Ingersoll
[Canada] and its contiguous townships as a model, the paper
demonstrates the feasibility, potential and limitations of the case
study approach to Ontario's mortality history. It describes the
available documentary sources and how to assemble data from them,
evaluates the quality of the data and uses the data to calculate
Ingersoll mortality trends for the period 1881-1972. The work
presented here enables the authors to study other aspects of mortality
in Ingersoll and, more generally, show how empirical case studies can
advance knowledge of Ontario mortality history beyond what standard
estimation techniques have shown."
Correspondence: G.
Emery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40118 Geller, I.
M. Educational level as a factor in length of life.
[Uroven' obrazovaniya kak faktor prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni.]
Demograficheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 13, 1989. 101-8 pp. Kiev, USSR. In
Rus. with sum. in Eng.
"The paper deals with...the interrelation of
the education level and death-rate of the Ukrainian SSR
population....Knowledge [of] the dependence of the death-rate on the
educational level may be used to predict the average duration of the
forthcoming life and education composition of the
population."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40119
Grabovskaya, T. V.; Mishchenko, A. N.; Morozyuk, M. M.
The use of a simplified method of calculating mean life expectancy
by region in the Ukraine. [Primenenie uproshchennoi metodiki
opredeleniya srednei prodolzhitel'nosti predstoyashchei zhizni po
regionam USSR.] Sovetskoe Zdravookhranenie, No. 6, 1989. 16-20 pp.
Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
The authors discuss methodology for
calculating the mean life expectancy in the Ukraine. It is suggested
that life expectancy is more accurate than the death rate as an
indicator of a population's level of health.
Location: U.S.
National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
56:40120 Henry,
Louis. Mortality in Paris during the first half of the
eighteenth century. [La mortalite a Paris dans la premiere moitie
du XVIIIe siecle.] Population, Vol. 45, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1990. 416-20 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre.
The author examines the historical work of
Antoine Deparcieux and concludes that the estimates he provides for
life expectancy in early eighteenth-century Paris are probably
reasonably accurate.
Correspondence: L. Henry, Institut
National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris
Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:40121 Hustead,
Edwin C. 100 years of mortality. ISBN 0-938959-12-3.
LC 89-26100. 1989. ix, 90 pp. Society of Actuaries: Schaumburg,
Illinois. In Eng.
"This monograph deals with the significant
mortality tables that have been used by members of the Society [of
Actuaries] in the last 100 years. Chapter I presents general statistics
on mortality in the United States....Chapter II discusses the major
statutory mortality tables that have been in use in the United States
in the last century....Chapter III discusses the shape and trend of
mortality experience in the United States."
Correspondence:
Society of Actuaries, 475 North Martingale Road, Schaumburg, IL 60173.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40122 Imhof,
Arthur E.; Gehrmann, Rolf; Kloke, Ines E.; Roycroft, Maureen; Wintrich,
Herbert. Life expectancies in Germany from the 17th to the
19th century. [Lebenserwartungen in Deutschland vom 17. bis 19.
Jahrhundert.] ISBN 3-527-17708-6. 1990. 493 pp. VCH, Acta Humaniora:
New York, New York/Weinheim, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Eng; Ger.
This study examines variations in life expectancy in Germany from
the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. The text is mainly in
German, but with substantial parts translated into English. The
analysis is based on data from village and community records and
genealogical tables, which concern over 100,000 individuals living in
six regions of Germany. "The book offers a detailed interpretation of
these sources and also describes the research methods applied....The
six regions, each different in terms of geography, confession, economy
and inheritance patterns, are also described in detail. The results are
presented in clearly arranged tables, graphs and maps. A direct
comparison with current life expectancies is possible as the original
data has been converted into so-called period tables which have been
generated according to current statistical
methods."
Correspondence: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Postfach
101161, D-6940 Weinheim, Germany. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:40123 Kane,
Penny. Famine in China, 1959-61: demographic and social
implications. ISBN 0-312-01665-4. LC 88-3151. 1988. x, 164 pp. St.
Martin's Press: New York, New York. In Eng.
The demographic and
social impact of the famine that occurred in China in 1959-1961 is
assessed. The author first reviews the available data sources,
previous studies on famine theory and experience, and the history of
famine in China. She then considers the extent of the famine and how
the Great Leap Forward and government procurement demands combined with
natural disasters to exacerbate the effects of the famine. The impact
of the famine on mortality is then analyzed, and estimates of excess
mortality that range from 14 to 30 million are reviewed. The study
concludes by reviewing the consequences of the famine, particularly on
nuptiality and fertility.
Correspondence: St. Martin's
Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
56:40124 Kislyi, A.
E. Some features of the death rate among the population of
the Ukraine territory steppes in the Bronze Age (based on archeological
data). [Nekotorye osobennosti smertnosti naseleniya stepei v
epokhu bronzy na territorii Ukrainy (po arkheologicheskim dannym).]
Demograficheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 13, 1989. 113-27 pp. Kiev, USSR.
In Rus. with sum. in Eng.
"The Bronze Age in the territory of the
Ukraine has been studied as to peculiarities of the population
death-rate in steppe areas. The first successes in the economy of
production led first of all to prolongation of...life, while a high
level of the early death-rate among women was a result of the
generative death-rate and treatment of women under
patriarchy."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40125 Lee, Ronald
D.; Carter, Lawrence. Modeling and forecasting U.S.
mortality. Program in Population Research Working Paper, No. 30,
Aug 1990. 24, [12] pp. University of California, Institute of
International Studies, Program in Population Research: Berkeley,
California. In Eng.
"In this paper we first consider the available
data [for forecasting and modeling mortality] and their limitations.
We then develop our demographic model of mortality, which represents
mortality level by a single index. Next we fit the demographic model
to U.S. data and evaluate its historical performance. Using standard
time series methods, we then forecast the index of mortality, and
generate associated life table values at five year intervals. Because
we intend our forecasts to be more than illustrative, we present them
in some detail, and provide information to enable the reader to
calculate life table functions and their confidence intervals for each
year of the forecast."
This is a revised version of a paper
originally presented at the 1990 Annual Meeting of the Population
Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 56, No. 3, Fall
1990, p. 440).
Correspondence: University of California,
Graduate Group in Demography, 2232 Piedmont Avenue, Berkeley, CA
94720. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40126 Mina
Valdes, Alejandro. Gains in life expectancy by sex and age
in Mexico. [Contribuciones en anos de vida por sexo y edad en
Mexico.] Estudios Demograficos y Urbanos, Vol. 5, No. 1, Jan-Apr 1990.
149-78, 213 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"This work estimates the gains in life expectancy, or average years
a person lives, at a national level [in Mexico] during the 1950-1980
period by sex and age of the population structure, referring as well to
the changes undergone in such gains. An exhaustive presentation of the
Pollard method is made in order to enable us to appreciate the
advantages and limitations of the methodology used to quantify the
gains in life expectancy. It also shows, graphically, the differences
by sex and age from which the gain distributions are
derived."
Correspondence: A. Mina Valdes, Colegio de
Mexico, Centro de Estudios Demograficos y de Desarrollo Urbano, Camino
al Ajusco 20, 10740 Mexico DF, Mexico. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:40127 Murphy, M.
J. Methods of forecasting mortality for population
projections. In: Population projections: trends, methods and
uses, by the British Society for Population Studies. 1990. 87-101 pp.
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys [OPCS]: London, England. In
Eng.
"Methods which have been used to forecast both overall and
cause-specific mortality are reviewed--these include extrapolation of
mortality rates, life-table based approaches and models of progression
to an ultimate mortality regime. The main conclusion is that the base
over which the forecasts are made is more important than the method
used. The performance of British mortality forecasts incorporated in
official population projections is reviewed, and the results are found
to have been surprisingly poor when compared, for example, with the
fertility component, with similar conclusions holding for other
countries also. The particular importance of mortality of the elderly
for population projections is discussed, and the need for more detailed
data on this group is emphasised."
Correspondence: M. J.
Murphy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of
Population Studies, Houghton Street, Aldwych, London WC2A 2AE, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40128 Nagnur,
Dhruva; Nagrodski, Michael. Epidemiologic transition in
the context of demographic change: the evolution of Canadian mortality
patterns. Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1990.
1-24 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This paper
examines the derived indicators from time series data on the movement
of Canadian mortality from the high levels of the early decades of this
century to the low levels of recent years. The paper emphasizes the
trends and levels in various age/cause/sex components of mortality, the
increases in life expectancy, the rectangularization of the survival
curve, potential years of life lost...by leading causes of mortality
and the influence of epidemiologic transition and specific cause
elimination on the resultant life expectancies at different
ages."
Correspondence: D. Nagnur, Statistics Canada,
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:40129 Okolski,
Marek. Determinants of mortality according to theoretical
and empirical studies. [Determinanty umieralnosci w swietle teorii
i badan empirycznych.] Monografie i Opracowania, No. 308, 1990. 254 pp.
Szkola Glowna Planowania i Statystyki, Instytut Statystyki i
Demografii: Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
This
monograph contains six chapters by various Polish authors summarizing
the present state of demographic research on mortality around the
world. A primary purpose is to develop a model of mortality that could
be applied to future empirical studies. The first chapter examines the
impact of modernization on mortality. Existing models of mortality are
then reviewed, and a new model of mortality and modernization is
proposed. This model is applied to the analysis of cancer morbidity
and mortality and to analyses of selected determinants of morbidity and
mortality in empirical studies. Finally, the proposed model is used to
analyze the recent increase in mortality in
Poland.
Correspondence: Szkola Glowna Planowania i
Statystyki, Instytut Statystyki i Demografii, Al. Nepodlegosci 162,
02-554 Warsaw, Poland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:40130 Pison,
Gilles; van de Walle, Etienne; Sala-Diakanda, Mpembele.
Mortality and society in Sub-Saharan Africa. [Mortalite et
societe en Afrique au sud du Sahara.] Travaux et Documents Cahier, No.
124, ISBN 2-7332-0124-7. LC 90-165710. 1989. xi, 446, 22 pp. Institut
National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France; Presses
Universitaires de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
This is a
selection of papers presented at an international seminar organized by
the IUSSP in Yaounde, Cameroon, October 19-23, 1987. The objectives of
the seminar were to summarize current trends in mortality and mortality
differentials in Sub-Saharan Africa, study the biological and social
factors affecting mortality, and identify lessons for improving
existing health programs.
Selected items will be cited in this or
subsequent issues of Population Index.
Correspondence:
Presses Universitaires de France, Departement des Revues, 14 Avenue du
Bois-de-l'Epine, B.P. 90, 91003 Evry Cedex, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40131 Rudnitskii,
E. P. Trends in the death rate and length of life among
the Ukraine's population in the postwar period. [Tendentsii
smertnosti i prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni naseleniya Ukrainy v
poslevoennyi period.] Demograficheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 13, 1989.
94-101 pp. Kiev, USSR. In Rus. with sum. in Eng.
Trends in
mortality and life expectancy in the Ukrainian SSR are analyzed based
on life tables for 1948-1949 and 1953-1954.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40132 Steshenko,
V. S. The death rate of the population in demo-logical
interpretation. [Smertnost' naseleniya v demologicheskom
osveshchenii.] Demograficheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 13, 1989. 31-45 pp.
Kiev, USSR. In Rus. with sum. in Eng.
"The present-day
peculiarities...[of] population death-rate analysis are considered. It
is substantiated that the population death-rate should be studied in
two mutually complementary aspects: [a natural] historical process and
a result of human activities. The demographic policy object is
formulated as aimed at prolongation of the human
life."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40133 Vallin,
Jacques. Theories concerning the decline in mortality in
the African context. [Theorie(s) de la baisse de la mortalite et
situation africaine.] In: Mortalite et societe en Afrique au sud du
Sahara, edited by Gilles Pison, Etienne van de Walle, and Mpembele
Sala-Diakanda. 1989. 399-431 pp. Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France:
Paris, France. In Fre.
Theories concerning the causes of mortality
decline in modern societies are reviewed in the first part of this
chapter. The second part examines the relevance of such theories to
the present situation in Africa.
Correspondence: J. Vallin,
Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675
Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:40134 Wigle, D.
T.; Mao, Y.; Semenciw, R.; McCann, C.; Davies, J. W.
Premature deaths in Canada: impact, trends and opportunities for
prevention. Canadian Journal of Public Health/Revue Canadienne de
Sante Publique, Vol. 81, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1990. 376-81 pp. Ottawa,
Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"The impact, time trends and
potential for prevention of premature deaths in Canada were assessed.
There were almost 100,000 deaths before age 75 in Canada during 1986
resulting in over 1.7 million potential years of life lost (PYLL). The
three leading broad disease categories responsible for PYLL were
cancer, injuries/violence and cardiovascular disease." Specific causes
of death by sex and age are presented. The authors conclude that
"about 6,000 premature deaths are avoidable through improvements in
medical care."
Correspondence: D. T. Wigle, Health and
Welfare Canada, Health Protection Branch, Laboratory Centre for Disease
Control, Bureau of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Ottawa, Ontario K1A
0L2, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40135 Leroy,
Odile; Garenne, Michel. Neonatal tetanus mortality: the
situation in Niakhar, Senegal. [La mortalite par tetanos neonatal:
la situation a Niakhar au Senegal.] In: Mortalite et societe en
Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Gilles Pison, Etienne van de Walle,
and Mpembele Sala-Diakanda. 1989. 153-67 pp. Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France:
Paris, France. In Fre.
Some problems concerning the analysis of
neonatal mortality from tetanus are examined in the context of a
high-mortality region of Niakhar, Senegal. Data are from a series of
local censuses carried out between 1983 and 1986. The results indicate
that mortality from this cause affects 16 out of 1,000 newborn children
and is responsible for some three-quarters of deaths occurring from the
sixth to the ninth day after a birth. Such mortality is higher for
boys than for girls and is higher in the rainy
season.
Correspondence: O. Leroy, Office de la Recherche
Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40136 Baranov, A.
A.; Al'bitskii, V. Yu. Infant mortality in the USSR:
trends and expected indicators. [Mladencheskaya smertnost' v SSSR:
tendentsii i ozhidaemye pokazateli.] Pediatriya, No. 7, 1989. 74-8 pp.
Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
The authors discuss trends in infant
mortality in the USSR. Past and current patterns are compared and
future changes are predicted.
Location: U.S. National
Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
56:40137 Bledsoe,
Caroline; Brandon, Anastasia. Boarding children outside
the home and its effect on mortality. [Le placement des enfants et
son influence sur la mortalite.] In: Mortalite et societe en Afrique au
sud du Sahara, edited by Gilles Pison, Etienne van de Walle, and
Mpembele Sala-Diakanda. 1989. 271-93 pp. Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France:
Paris, France. In Fre.
The West African custom of sending children
away from their biological families to be raised by others is
described, and its impact on the child's morbidity and mortality is
examined using data from Sierra Leone. The results indicate a higher
risk of death for children fostered out in this way, although the
reasons for this excess mortality are
complex.
Correspondence: C. Bledsoe, Northwestern
University, Department of Anthropology, Evanston, IL 60201.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40138 Bobadilla,
Jose L.; Langer, Ana. Infant mortality in Mexico: a
phenomenon in transition. [La mortalidad infantil en Mexico: un
fenomeno en transicion.] Revista Mexicana de Sociologia, Vol. 52, No.
1, Jan-Mar 1990. 111-31 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa.
The
authors analyze trends in infant mortality and health in Mexico over
the past three decades, using vital statistics data and national health
surveys. They also explore trends and epidemiologic profiles in light
of standards of living and recent scientific and technological
developments. It is found that the probability of surviving during
infancy has greatly increased; nevertheless, inequalities among social
groups have become more acute.
Correspondence: J. L.
Bobadilla, Secretaria de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica,
Mexico DF, Mexico. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:40139
Brockerhoff, Martin. Rural-to-urban migration and
child survival in Senegal. Demography, Vol. 27, No. 4, Nov 1990.
601-16 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Analysis of the 1986 Senegal
Demographic and Health Survey reveals that mothers may be able to
improve their children's survival chances by migrating from the
countryside to the city. Children of urban migrants, however, continue
to experience a much higher risk of mortality before the age of 5 than
children of urban nonmigrants, even after the mother has lived in the
city for several years. This migrant mortality disadvantage persists
when controlling for numerous socioeconomic and fertility-related
factors typically associated with child mortality in developing
countries, which also serve as indicators of migrant selection and
adaptation."
Correspondence: M. Brockerhoff, Brown
University, Department of Sociology, Providence, RI 02912.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40140 David,
Patricia H.; Bisharat, Leila; Hill, Allan G.; Bennett, Steve.
Measuring childhood mortality: a guide for simple surveys.
ISBN 92-806-0000-2. 1990. xiii, 172 pp. United Nations Children's Fund
[UNICEF], Regional Office of the Middle East and North Africa: Amman,
Jordan. In Eng.
"This handbook is intended to help UNICEF staff and
their government counterparts handle simple surveys of childhood
mortality added to vaccination coverage (EPI) surveys, to diarrhoeal
morbidity and mortality (MMT) surveys, other household surveys, or to
be fielded on its own as a free-standing instrument." The methodology
is based on the procedures developed by William Brass, and the
geographical focus is on the countries of Western Asia and Northern
Africa. Chapters are included on measuring mortality, formulating the
questionnaire, designing a sample survey to measure childhood
mortality, collecting the data, analyzing the data, and writing the
report of the analysis.
Correspondence: United Nations
Children's Fund, Regional Office of the Middle East and North Africa,
Chief of Programme Section, P.O. Box 811721, Amman, Jordan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40141 Feyisetan,
Bamikale J.; Adeokun, Lawrence. The effects of medical
care and the treatment of children. [Les effets de soins et des
therapeutiques infantiles.] In: Mortalite et societe en Afrique au sud
du Sahara, edited by Gilles Pison, Etienne van de Walle, and Mpembele
Sala-Diakanda. 1989. 85-98 pp. Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France:
Paris, France. In Fre.
The relationship between certain aspects of
infant care and disease prevention and infant mortality is examined
using 1987 data for a cross section of Yoruba mothers in Nigeria.
Aspects considered include prenatal care, birth facility, and postnatal
care; the focus is on diarrhea, measles, fevers, and convulsions. The
authors attempt to determine how women in traditional societies absorb
knowledge about disease so that their behavior can be modified,
resulting in lower infant mortality.
Correspondence: B. J.
Feyisetan, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40142 Gbenyon,
Kuakuvi; Locoh, Therese. Mortality differences between
boys and girls. [Les differences de mortalite entre garcons et
filles.] In: Mortalite et societe en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited
by Gilles Pison, Etienne van de Walle, and Mpembele Sala-Diakanda.
1989. 221-43 pp. Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]:
Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
Sex differentials in child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa are
investigated, with a focus on the availability and quality of data.
Data are from various surveys, including the World Fertility Survey,
and censuses. Geographic and temporal differences in child mortality
are also analyzed. The results do not indicate any major differences
in child mortality by sex.
Correspondence: K. Gbenyon,
Universite du Benin, Demography Research Unit, BP 1515, Lome, Togo.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40143 Hill,
Althea. Child mortality: the current level and trends
since 1945. [La mortalite des enfants: niveau actuel et evolution
depuis 1945.] In: Mortalite et societe en Afrique au sud du Sahara,
edited by Gilles Pison, Etienne van de Walle, and Mpembele
Sala-Diakanda. 1989. 13-34 pp. Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France:
Paris, France. In Fre.
This is a general review of trends in child
mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa since 1945. Data are from a wide range
of censuses and surveys. Data sources and methods of estimation are
first discussed. Analysis shows a general decline in child mortality,
with differences between East and West Africa and among individual
countries, as well as differences within
countries.
Correspondence: A. Hill, World Bank, Health and
Nutrition Division, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40144 Koenig, M.
A.; Khan, M. A.; Wojtyniak, B.; Clemens, J. D.; Chakraborty, J.;
Fauveau, V.; Phillips, J. F.; Akbar, J.; Barua, U. S. The
impact of measles vaccination on childhood mortality in Matlab,
Bangladesh. Programs Division Working Paper, No. 3, Jun 1990. 18
pp. Population Council, Programs Division: New York, New York. In Eng.
"This study examines the impact of measles vaccination on childhood
mortality, based upon an analysis of longitudinal data from the Matlab
maternal and child health/family planning program in rural
Bangladesh....Vaccination of children up to 3 years of age is
associated with significantly improved subsequent survival chances.
The findings underscore the need to accord measles vaccination higher
priority within current primary health programs in settings such as
rural Bangladesh."
Correspondence: Population Council,
Programs Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40145 Krotki,
Karol P. Trends in geographical and socio-economic
differentials in early age mortality: Guatemala, 1973 and 1981.
CELADE Research Report, Apr 1988. 32 pp. U.N. Centro Latinoamericano de
Demografia [CELADE]: San Jose, Costa Rica. In Eng.
Differences in
infant and child mortality in Guatemala according to geographic and
socioeconomic variables are examined using data from the 1973 and 1981
censuses. The analysis reveals that although both mortality and
fertility have decreased during the period, the levels remain high.
Early-age mortality risks are decreasing and social disparities are
converging, with women's educational levels being the strongest
determinant of decreased infant and child mortality. This report is
also available in Spanish.
Correspondence: U.N. Centro
Latinoamericano de Demografia, P.O. Box 833-2050, San Jose, Costa Rica.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40146 Kuate Defo,
Barthelemy. Mortality and attrition processes in
longitudinal surveys in Africa: an appraisal of the IFORD
surveys. CDE Working Paper, No. 89-30, 1989. 34, [18] pp.
University of Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology: Madison,
Wisconsin. In Eng.
"This paper addresses the impact of
sample-attrition through dropouts on mortality analyses using the
pioneering [1978-1981] IFORD [Institut de Formation et de Recherche
Demographiques] survey of Yaounde (Cameroon). The analysis provides
insights into the ongoing debate among students of African demography
regarding the attrition problem in the IFORD surveys. Based on a
multinomial survival modelling approach, the results substantiate that
children who dropped out were not selectively at higher risks of
mortality than those who did not and suggest rather that an
overestimation of mortality (particularly during the neonatal period)
is likely to occur if attrition is
ignored."
Correspondence: University of Wisconsin, Center
for Demography and Ecology, 4412 Social Science Building, 1180
Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1393. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40147 Legare,
Jacques. Infant mortality among the Inuit (Eskimos) after
World War II. Genus, Vol. 45, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1989. 55-64 pp.
Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ita.
The author examines
infant mortality trends among the Inuit in Greenland, Canada, Alaska,
and the USSR since World War II. Differences are analyzed in terms of
data reliability and lifestyles, particularly child nutrition, health
care systems, and political involvement.
Correspondence: J.
Legare, Universite de Montreal, Departement de Demographie, CP 6128,
Succursale A, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40148 Mbacke,
Cheikh. Infant mortality surveys in the Sahel. Some
problems of technical evaluation. [Les enquetes sur la mortalite
infantile dans le Sahel. Quelques problemes d'evaluation technique.]
Cahiers Quebecois de Demographie, Vol. 18, No. 2, Autumn 1989. 361-78
pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"The purpose
of this paper is to investigate the main problems encountered with the
various surveys on child mortality in the [African] Sahel
countries....After reviewing the methodological problems, the author
discusses how to estimate the level of child mortality. Potentialities
and traps in the study of mortality differentials, as well as the use
of retrospective data, are also examined."
Correspondence:
C. Mbacke, Institut du Sahel, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur la
Population pour le Developpement, Bamako, Mali. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40149
Rahmathullah, Laxmi; Underwood, Barbara A.; Thulasiraj, Ravilla
D.; Milton, Roy C.; Ramaswamy, Kala; Rahmathullah, Raheem; Babu,
Ganeesh. Reduced mortality among children in southern
India receiving a small weekly dose of vitamin A. New England
Journal of Medicine, Vol. 323, No. 14, Oct 4, 1990. 929-35 pp. Boston,
Massachusetts. In Eng.
The results of a study in southern India
involving 15,419 preschool-age children who received vitamin A and/or
vitamin E supplements weekly for a year are reported. "The regular
provision of a supplement of vitamin A to children, at a level
potentially obtainable from foods, in an area where vitamin A
deficiency and undernutrition are documented public health problems
contributed substantially to children's survival; mortality was reduced
on average by 54 percent."
Correspondence: B. A. Underwood,
National Eye Institute, Building 31, Room 6A-17, 9000 Rockville Pike,
Bethesda, MD 20892. Location: Princeton University Library
(SZ).
56:40150 Singh, K.
P. Child survival, health and nutrition: impact of green
revolution. In: Population transition in India, Volume 2, edited
by S. N. Singh, M. K. Premi, P. S. Bhatia, and Ashish Bose. 1989. 191-9
pp. B. R. Publishing: Delhi, India. In Eng.
The impact of the
recent economic transition associated with agricultural progress in
Punjab, India, on the rates of child survival and infant and child
mortality is examined in relation to child health and nutrition. Data
are from censuses and other official sources and cover the period
1970-1985. The results suggest that infant mortality and child
malnutrition remain at unacceptably high
levels.
Correspondence: K. P. Singh, Panjab University,
Department of Sociology, Population Research Centre, Chandigarh 160
014, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40151 Stembera,
Zdenek. Prospects for higher infant survival. World
Health Forum, Vol. 11, No. 1, 1990. 78-84 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In
Eng.
"Studies on trends in infant mortality and its constituent
elements of early neonatal, late neonatal and postneonatal death, in
developed and developing countries [from 1937 to 1984], point to ways
of making further progress towards the target of infant mortality rates
not exceeding 50/1,000 live births in all countries by the year
2000."
Correspondence: Z. Stembera, Research Institute for
Mother and Child Care, UPMD, World Health Organization Collaborating
Centre for Perinatal Medicine, nabr. K. Marxe 157, 14710 Prague 4,
Czechoslovakia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40152 Thomas,
Duncan; Strauss, John; Henriques, Maria-Helena. Child
survival, height for age and household characteristics in Brazil.
Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 33, No. 2, Oct 1990. 197-234 pp.
Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The impact of household
characteristics on child survival and height, conditional on age, is
examined using household survey data from Brazil. Parental education
is found to have a very strong positive effect on both outcomes and
this is robust to the inclusion of household income and also parental
heights, which partly proxy for unobserved family background
characteristics. We find that income effects are significant and
positive for child survival but insignificant for for child height
although the latter depends on identification assumptions. Parental
height has a large positive impact on child height and on survival
rates even after controlling for all other observable
characteristics."
Correspondence: D. Thomas, Yale
University, New Haven, CT 06520. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPIA).
56:40153 van der
Pol, Hendrik. The effect of type of infant feeding: the
case of Yaounde. [L'influence du type d'allaitement: le cas de
Yaounde.] In: Mortalite et societe en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited
by Gilles Pison, Etienne van de Walle, and Mpembele Sala-Diakanda.
1989. 325-38 pp. Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]:
Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
The impact of alternative methods of infant feeding on mortality in
Africa is analyzed using data from a multi-round survey carried out
between 1978 and 1980 in Yaounde, Cameroon. Comparisons are made among
exclusively breast-fed babies, those breast-fed with supplementary
feeding, those half breast-fed and half bottle-fed, and those
exclusively bottle-fed. The favorable impact of breast-feeding on
mortality is stressed.
Correspondence: H. van der Pol,
United Nations Development Program, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40154 Hessler,
Richard M.; Pazaki, S. H.; Madsen, Richard W.; Blake, Robert
L. Predicting mortality among independently living rural
elderly: a 20-year longitudinal study. Sociological Quarterly,
Vol. 31, No. 2, Summer 1990. 253-67 pp. Greenwich, Connecticut. In Eng.
"The problem of predicting mortality among rural [U.S.] elderly (65
years and older) living independently is examined using 20-year panel
data derived from a random multistage cluster sample. Fifteen
independent variables, including social networks, age, sex, and health
status, were hypothesized on theoretical and empirical grounds to
predict mortality. Face-to-face structured interviews were conducted
with the same respondents in 1966, 1974, and 1986/87. Logistic
regression establishes that a model comprising age, sex, participation
in formal organizations, relative and children association, and general
health status is a powerful predictor of mortality. The authors
conclude that the more heterogeneous formal, or secondary, social
networks which may enhance self esteem are most functional for the
elderly."
Correspondence: R. M. Hessler, University of
Missouri, Department of Sociology, Columbia, MO 65211.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
56:40155 Horiuchi,
Shiro; Coale, Ansley J. Age patterns of mortality for
older women: an analysis using the age-specific rate of mortality
change with age. Mathematical Population Studies, Vol. 2, No. 4,
1990. 245-67, 325 pp. New York, New York/London, England. In Eng. with
sum. in Fre.
"In this paper we propose a mortality measure that
seems useful in analyzing age patterns of death rates. The measure,
which will be denoted by k(x), indicates the proportional increase or
decrease with age in the risk of death at a given age x, and is called
the age-specific rate of mortality change with age." Estimations are
presented for women in 10 countries. "Eight of the selected sets of
data are for developed nations in the 1960s and 1970s, and the other
two sets of data, for Taiwan, 1931-35, and for Germany, 1910-11,
represent relatively high mortality. For France and West Germany,
three different periods are included for an investigation of cohort
effects on the observed age patterns." Other mathematical models of
age-specific mortality rates are discussed and
compared.
Correspondence: S. Horiuchi, Rockefeller
University, Laboratory of Populations, New York, NY 10021-6399.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40156 Corona
Vazquez, Rodolfo; Jimenez Ornelas, Rene. Mortality trends
in Mexico by federal entity, 1980 (abbreviated life tables). [El
comportamiento de la mortalidad en Mexico por entidad federativa, 1980
(tablas abreviadas de mortalidad).] ISBN 968-837-792-9. 1988. 133 pp.
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Centro Regional de
Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias: Cuernavaca, Mexico. In Spa.
The authors analyze mortality in Mexico by sex and age group, based
on 1980 census and vital statistics data. They investigate changes in
principal mortality indicators at the national level and for each
federal entity, life expectancy at birth, infant mortality, and
mortality at other ages for the period 1940-1980. Introductory
chapters are included on mortality trends in Mexico, 1900-1980;
synthetic indicators of mortality in the federal entities, 1940-1980;
and the methodology for constructing abbreviated life tables for 1980.
The fourth section contains the abbreviated life tables by sex for the
federal entities and the whole country.
Correspondence:
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Centro Regional de
Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias, Boulevard Emiliano Zapata, No. 306
Col. Tlaltenango, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40157 Duchene,
Josianne; Wunsch, Guillaume. Limit life tables: when
biology comes to the aid of the demographer. [Les tables de
mortalite limite: quand la biologie vient au secours du demographe.]
In: Populations agees et revolution grise: les hommes et les societes
face a leurs vieillissements, edited by Michel Loriaux, Dominique Remy,
and Eric Vilquin. [1990]. 321-32 pp. Universite Catholique de Louvain,
Institut de Demographie: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Editions CIACO:
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"Demographers
have brought no satisfactory solution to the problem of the maximum
span of life of the human species and of the limit life table.
Biological data can be used in order to derive a hypothetical limit
life table based on a maximum lifespan of 115 years and an average age
at death of more than 90 years. After summarizing various models of
mortality, the authors have opted for a Weibull survival function.
Some demographic consequences of this limit life table are then
derived. One would observe a considerable aging of the population:
with present-day fertility levels, one person out of four would be more
than 75 years of age."
Correspondence: J. Duchene,
Universite Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Demographie, Place de
l'Universite 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40158 Finland.
Tilastokeskus (Helsinki, Finland). Life tables, 1988.
[Kuolleisuus- ja eloonjaamislukuja, 1988/Dodlighets- och livslangdstal,
1988.] Vaesto/Befolkning/Population 1990, No. 8, 1990. 13 pp. Helsinki,
Finland. In Eng; Swe; Fin.
Official life tables for Finland for
1988 are presented by sex and province. They indicate that there have
been no significant changes in mortality since 1984, with life
expectancy for males at 70.7 and for females at
78.7.
Correspondence: Tilastokeskus, PL 504, 00101
Helsinki, Finland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:40159 Fukawa,
Tetsuo; Shimizu, Tokihiko. A Bayesian approach to life
table construction for small areas. Jinkogaku Kenkyu/Journal of
Population Studies, No. 13, May 1990. 37-49 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
with sum. in Eng.
The authors utilize a specific statistical method
for constructing life tables for municipal areas of Japan. Estimates
of life expectancy by age, sex, and geographic location for the period
1983-1987 are presented.
Correspondence: T. Fukawa,
Ministry of Health and Welfare, Statistics and Information Department,
42 Ichigaya-Honmachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Location:
Princeton University Library (Gest).
56:40160 Gage,
Timothy B. Variation and classification of human age
patterns of mortality: analysis using competing hazards models.
Human Biology, Vol. 62, No. 5, Oct 1990. 589-617 pp. Detroit, Michigan.
In Eng.
"The structure of variation in human mortality patterns is
explored using a five-parameter competing hazards model and standard
multivariate taxonomic procedures. The data consist of 281 national
life tables representing a wide range of environmental and cultural
regions of the world....A K mean cluster analysis conducted on the
residuals of the regression analysis identified seven distinct models
of mortality that differ in characteristic ways from the general
pattern. Four of the seven clusters have age patterns of mortality
similar to the north, east, south, and west regions of the Coale and
Demeny model life tables. The remaining three clusters represent
regions of the world and age patterns of mortality that are not
represented in the Coale and Demeny model life
tables."
Correspondence: T. B. Gage, State University of
New York, Department of Anthropology, Albany, NY 12222.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40161 Yaakoubd,
Abdel-Ilah. Some problems in the use of the new U.N. model
life tables. [Quelques problemes d'utilisation des nouvelles
tables-types de mortalite des Nations-Unies.] Genus, Vol. 45, No. 3-4,
Jul-Dec 1989. 125-41 pp. Rome, Italy. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Ita.
"After a brief introduction to new United Nations model life tables
for developing countries, we have proceeded to point out some blanks
contained in them....[A theoretical] approach has allowed us to
demonstrate the inadequacy of some fundamental assumptions on which the
methods used are based. [An empirical approach] has enabled us to
point out some of the problems that may be encountered when using the
tables."
Correspondence: A.-I. Yaakoubd, Institut National
de Statistique et d'Economie Appliquee, BP 406, Rabat, Morocco.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40162 Akoto,
Eliwo; Tabutin, Dominique. Socioeconomic and cultural
inequalities in mortality. [Les inegalites socio-economiques et
culturelles devant la mort.] In: Mortalite et societe en Afrique au sud
du Sahara, edited by Gilles Pison, Etienne van de Walle, and Mpembele
Sala-Diakanda. 1989. 35-63 pp. Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France:
Paris, France. In Fre.
Mortality differentials in Sub-Saharan
Africa are analyzed, with a focus on differences by educational status
of father and mother, social class, mother's labor force participation,
residence characteristics, region, religion, and ethnic group. Data
are from a variety of sources, including the World Fertility Survey.
The chapter concludes with a multivariate analysis of the relative
impact of these factors on mortality.
Correspondence: E.
Akoto, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Demographie, Place
de l'Universite 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40163 Britton,
Malcolm. Mortality and geography. Population Trends,
No. 56, Summer 1989. 16-23 pp. London, England. In Eng.
This
article summarizes the decennial supplement on mortality and geography
in England and Wales. "The report, Mortality and Geography, analyses
mortality according to where people live, their country or place of
birth and their recent movements around the country. By bringing
together information from a number of different sources the report
provides an indication of the key characteristics of geographic
patterns in mortality. Overall mortality was highest in the North and
West of England and Wales, in urban areas for people moving within a
county and for those born in Scotland and Ireland. Mortality rates for
infants in the first month of life followed the overall regional
pattern and [were] also higher among infants of mothers born in the
Caribbean and Pakistan."
For the report referred to, published by
the same author in 1989, see 56:30092.
Correspondence: M.
Britton, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Medical Statistics
Division, St. Catherines House, 10 Kingsway, London WC2B 6JP, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40164 Congdon,
Peter. Issues in the analysis of small area
mortality. Urban Studies, Vol. 27, No. 4, Aug 1990. 519-36 pp.
Harlow, England. In Eng.
"This paper considers mortality variation
between small areas in London during the 1980s in both a
cross-sectional and a temporal perspective. The analysis takes account
of the special nature of small area mortality data and incorporates
sampling variation in addition to extraneous variation, as well as
investigating the extent of autocorrelation, both spatial and temporal.
The strongest association between socio-economic structure and
mortality is apparent in the cross-sectional analysis and remains when
spatial autocorrelation is allowed for. However, socio-economic
concomitants of mortality are also significant in the temporal analysis
based on conditional (two sub-period) and panel (time series)
analyses."
Correspondence: P. Congdon, London Research
Centre, Division of Population and Statistics, Parliament House, 81
Black Prince Road, London SE1 7SZ, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (UES).
56:40165 Gartner,
Karla. Mortality by marital status. [Sterblichkeit
nach dem Familienstand.] Zeitschrift fur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol.
16, No. 1, 1990. 53-66 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of. In
Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
Mortality differentials according to
marital status are analyzed for the Federal Republic of Germany for the
period 1961-1986. Overall mortality has decreased; however, the death
rate for males remains higher than that for females for all age groups.
"It can still be said that the death rate of married persons persists
to be the lowest, whereas that of once-married persons remains the
highest. The relational patterns between age, sex, personal status,
and cause of death, however, have shifted, and this study therefore
aims at showing some developments and interconnections as well as
providing material for further more profound
analysis."
Correspondence: K. Gartner, Bundesinstitut fur
Bevolkerungsforschung, Postfach 5528, 6200 Wiesbaden, Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40166 Goldblatt,
Peter. Mortality by social class, 1971-85. Population
Trends, No. 56, Summer 1989. 6-15 pp. London, England. In Eng.
Data
on social mobility and mortality from the OPCS Longitudinal Study are
used to examine changes in mortality differentials by social class in
England and Wales. Comparisons are made to similar studies using data
from the decennial supplements. The author concludes that data from
both sources confirm that such mortality differentials continue to
widen for both men and women.
Correspondence: P. Goldblatt,
City University, Social Statistics Research Unit, Northampton Square,
London EC1V 0HB, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:40167 Isely,
Barbara J. Modernization and sex differences in mortality
in India: a new perspective. Women in International Development
Working Paper, No. 161, LC 90-111596. Mar 1988. 27 pp. Michigan State
University, Women in International Development: East Lansing, Michigan.
In Eng.
Sex differentials in mortality in India are analyzed. "The
results of this research point to a new perspective with which to
explain the female mortality disadvantage. No longer is it possible to
place the entire blame for the female mortality disadvantage in India
on traditional Indian culture and family roles....Rather, the effects
of modernization, plus the influence of non-modern, non-Indian factors
on certain traditional Indian cultural practices, must be
considered."
Correspondence: Michigan State University,
Office of Women in International Development, 202 International Center,
East Lansing, MI 48824-1035. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:40168 Ladbrook,
Denis. Sex differentials in premature death among
professionals, Part I. Journal of the Australian Population
Association, Vol. 7, No. 1, May 1990. 1-26 pp. Canberra, Australia. In
Eng.
Differences in mortality according to marital status and sex
in early-age death among U.S. professionals are examined. "A reversal
of the sex differential in mortality appears in the 1968-72 death rates
of white Wisconsin professionals....Substantially more professional
women were not married, and this differential in the distribution of
marital status accounted for 37.8 per cent of the women's deaths. The
results linking marital status and mortality are discussed in terms of
Durkheim's concepts of social integration and anomie, and are related
to recent empirical studies connecting marriage and parenthood with
health and mortality. Part II will further analyse the data in terms
of cause of death and occupational
variables."
Correspondence: D. Ladbrook, Curtin University
of Technology, School of Social Work, Bentley WA 6102, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40169 Linke,
Wilfried. Differential mortality by occupation: an
evaluation of statistics on employed persons, 1984 and 1985.
[Differentielle Sterblichkeit nach Berufen: Eine Auswertung der
Beschaftigtenstatistiken 1984 und 1985.] Zeitschrift fur
Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1990. 29-51 pp. Wiesbaden,
Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
Differential mortality by occupation in 1984 and 1985 is examined
for the Federal Republic of Germany. Age and sex factors are
considered. Socio-occupational differences in the death rates of
England and Wales and of France are also
studied.
Correspondence: W. Linke, Fasaneriestrasse 14,
6200 Wiesbaden, Germany. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:40170 Lund,
Eiliv; Arnesen, Egil; Borgan, Jens-Kristian. Pattern of
childbearing and mortality in married women: a national prospective
study from Norway. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health,
Vol. 44, No. 3, Sep 1990. 237-40 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"The
aim of this study was to analyse total mortality rates for married
women in relation to different patterns of childbearing...number of
children (parity), and age at first and last birth." Data concern all
married women aged 25 years or more from the 1970 Norwegian census
followed up to 1985. Findings indicate that postponed childbearing may
benefit the health of women.
Correspondence: E. Lund,
University of Tromso, Institute of Community Medicine, Postuttak,
Universitetet, 9000 Tromso, Norway. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:40171 Mbacke,
Cheikh; van de Walle, Etienne. Socioeconomic factors and
their impact on the use of health services. [Les facteurs
socio-economiques et l'influence de la frequentation des services de
sante.] In: Mortalite et societe en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by
Gilles Pison, Etienne van de Walle, and Mpembele Sala-Diakanda. 1989.
67-84 pp. Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]: Paris,
France; Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
Problems involved in the analysis of factors affecting mortality
differentials in Africa are examined using data from a continuous
survey carried out between 1981 and 1984 in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina
Faso, by the local National Demographic and Statistical Institute. The
available data permit consideration of the effect on mortality of
mother's educational status, income, and housing quality when use of
health services is taken into account.
Correspondence: C.
Mbacke, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches sur la Population pour le
Developpement, Institut du Sahel, Bamako, Mali. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40172 Mohanty,
Bidyut. Case study of the Indian famines of 1896-97 and
1899-1900. In: Population transition in India, Volume 2, edited by
S. N. Singh, M. K. Premi, P. S. Bhatia, and Ashish Bose. 1989. 371-9
pp. B. R. Publishing: Delhi, India. In Eng.
"This paper has treated
famine as a form of crisis in the economic system especially in the
context of nineteenth century India. The pattern of famine mortality
and its relationship with sex ratio has been examined taking the
famines of 1896-97, and 1899-1900 as test cases." The author discusses
sociobiological factors and out-migration that favored the survival of
women during the famine years.
Correspondence: B. Mohanty,
University of Delhi, Delhi School of Economics, Delhi 110 007, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40173 Navarro,
Vincente. Race or class versus race and class: mortality
differentials in the United States. Lancet, Vol. 336, No. 8725,
Nov 17, 1990. 1,238-40 pp. Baltimore, Maryland/London, England. In Eng.
The author discusses the recent concern with the increasing
mortality differentials between blacks and whites in the United States.
He notes that there is also a less obvious but significant increase in
morbidity and mortality differentials by social class. Information on
such differentials is provided by occupation, education, and
income.
Correspondence: V. Navarro, Johns Hopkins
University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, 624 North Broadway,
Baltimore, MD 21205. Location: Princeton University Library
(SZ).
56:40174 Pison,
Gilles. Twins: frequency of occurrence, social status,
and mortality. [Les jumeaux: frequence, statut social et
mortalite.] In: Mortalite et societe en Afrique au sud du Sahara,
edited by Gilles Pison, Etienne van de Walle, and Mpembele
Sala-Diakanda. 1989. 245-69 pp. Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France:
Paris, France. In Fre.
The mortality of twins among the many
cultural and ethnic groups of Sub-Saharan Africa is examined. The
first part examines the frequency of twin births in Sub-Saharan Africa
and geographic variations. Next, the status of twins in various
cultures is considered. Finally, the mortality of twins and singletons
is compared.
Correspondence: G. Pison, Museum National
d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie, 57 rue Cuvier, 75281
Paris Cedex 05, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:40175 Rogot,
Eugene. Mortality by employment status in the National
Longitudinal Mortality Study. [Sorlie, Paul D.] American Journal
of Epidemiology, Vol. 132, No. 5, Nov 1990. 983-92 pp. Baltimore,
Maryland. In Eng.
"A mortality follow-up of 452,192 persons aged 25
years or more who were characterized with respect to employment status
was conducted using the [U.S.] National Death Index for the years 1979
through 1983....Employed persons aged 25-64 years were found to have
standardized mortality ratios from 61% to 74% of the average, depending
upon their sex and race. Unemployed men had standardized mortality
ratios slightly above 100, but these values were 1.6 and 2.2 times
higher than those for employed white men and black men, respectively.
Those classified as unable to work had very high mortality ratios, from
two to seven times the average. In the older age groups, 65 years or
more, very low mortality ratios were found for those who were still
employed. These relations were maintained after adjustment for family
income and educational level."
Correspondence: P. D.
Sorlie, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Federal Building,
Room 3A10, 7550 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
56:40176 Rosenwaike,
Ira; Hempstead, Katherine. Mortality among three Puerto
Rican populations: residents of Puerto Rico and migrants in New York
City and in the balance of the United States, 1979-81.
International Migration Review, Vol. 24, No. 4, Winter 1990. 684-702
pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"This study attempts to
explain similarities and differences in the mortality experience of
three population groups: Puerto Ricans on the island commonwealth,
Puerto Rican born persons in New York City and Puerto Rican born
persons in the rest of mainland United States. Mortality is much
higher among Puerto Ricans in New York City than among those residing
elsewhere. Much of the difference is due to excess mortality caused by
cirrhosis of the liver and homicide. Puerto Rican born persons living
on the mainland but outside New York City generally have low mortality,
even when compared with U.S. whites."
Correspondence: I.
Rosenwaike, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40177 Schwartz,
Eugene; Kofie, Vincent Y.; Rivo, Marc; Tuckson, Reed V.
Black/white comparisons of deaths preventable by medical
intervention: United States and the District of Columbia
1980-1986. International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 19, No. 3,
Sep 1990. 591-8 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"We...[used] data for
the U.S. and the District of Columbia (DC) and performed a
race-specific analysis to delineate possible racial differences in
access or quality of health care between Blacks and Whites and to
compare local patterns of mortality with national patterns....[The]
data suggest a discordance between health care needs and health care
services...among both the Black and White populations. The excess
mortality rate experienced by Blacks for selected sentinel conditions
reviewed likely reflects racial inequities in access and quality of
health care."
Correspondence: E. Schwartz, Commission of
Public Health, 425 'Eye' Street NW, Room 2001, Washington, D.C. 20001.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40178 Wilkins,
Russell; Adams, Owen; Brancker, Anna. Changes in mortality
by income in urban Canada from 1971 to 1986. [Evolution de la
mortalite selon le revenu dans les regions urbaines du Canada entre
1971 et 1986.] Health Reports/Rapports sur la Sante, Vol. 1, No. 2,
1989. 137-74 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng; Fre.
"This study examines
changes in mortality by income in urban Canada from 1971 to 1986 in
terms of both relative and absolute differences between income
groups....In 1971, the difference in life expectancy at birth between
the highest and lowest income quintiles was 6.3 years for men and 2.8
years for women. By 1986, these differences had decreased to 5.6 years
for men and 1.8 years for women....In 1986, the major causes of death
contributing to income inequalities in mortality were: circulatory
diseases...; accidents, poisonings and violence...; and
neoplasms...."
Correspondence: R. Wilkins, Statistics
Canada, Canadian Centre for Health Information, Ottawa, Ontario K1A
0T6, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40179 Aaby,
Peter. Overcrowding, a determining factor in mortality
from measles. [La promiscuite, un facteur determinant de la
mortalite par rougeole.] In: Mortalite et societe en Afrique au sud du
Sahara, edited by Gilles Pison, Etienne van de Walle, and Mpembele
Sala-Diakanda. 1989. 295-324 pp. Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France:
Paris, France. In Fre.
The effect of various factors on the
seriousness of measles for an individual in Africa is examined. Data
concern a population of some 4,000 children in Guinea-Bissau who were
followed over a period of time, as well as from studies in other
countries, including Nigeria, Zaire, and Senegal. Factors considered
included malnutrition, age, and overcrowding. The author concludes that
differences in measles mortality are related to the intensity of
exposure to the risk of infection, and thus to overcrowding, rather
than to malnutrition.
Correspondence: P. Aaby, Kobenhavns
Universitet, Institut for Etnologi og Antropologi, POB 2177, 1017
Copenhagen K, Denmark. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:40180 Caldwell,
John; Caldwell, Pat. Famine and mortality in Africa.
[Famine et mortalite en Afrique.] In: Mortalite et societe en Afrique
au sud du Sahara, edited by Gilles Pison, Etienne van de Walle, and
Mpembele Sala-Diakanda. 1989. 361-83 pp. Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France:
Paris, France. In Fre.
The impact of famine on mortality in
Sub-Saharan Africa is examined. The authors conclude that the reports
of famine-related mortality are frequently overstated and that there is
no proof of a close relationship between famine and mortality,
particularly since famines generally affect poor countries with high
levels of general mortality. They conclude that in the Sahel region,
deaths due to famine probably make up less than 10 percent of all
deaths occurring over the past 20 years.
Correspondence: J.
Caldwell, Australian National University, Department of Demography,
Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:40181 Carael,
Michel; Piot, Peter. AIDS in Africa: epidemiological and
social aspects. [Le SIDA en Afrique: aspects epidemiologiques et
sociaux.] In: Mortalite et societe en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited
by Gilles Pison, Etienne van de Walle, and Mpembele Sala-Diakanda.
1989. 385-97 pp. Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]:
Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
This is a general review of the AIDS epidemic in Africa. Rates of
HIV prevalence in various African urban areas are first summarized.
Next, the authors examine the methods by which the virus is transmitted
in Africa. Finally, the impact of AIDS on mortality is assessed. The
importance of heterosexual transmission, particularly through
prostitution, and of neonatal transmission from mothers to children in
Africa is stressed.
Correspondence: M. Carael, Universite
Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels,
Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40182 Crosby,
Alfred W. America's forgotten pandemic: the influenza of
1918. ISBN 0-521-38547-4. LC 89-22372. 1990. xiv, 337 pp.
Cambridge University Press: New York, New York/Cambridge, England. In
Eng.
"Between August 1918 and March 1919 the Spanish influenza
spread worldwide, claiming over 25 million lives, more people than
perished in the fighting of the First World War. It proved fatal to at
least a half-million Americans. Yet, the Spanish flu pandemic is
largely forgotten today...[The author] recounts the course of the
pandemic during the panic-striken months of 1918 and 1919, measures its
impact on American society, and probes the curious loss of national
memory of this cataclysmic event."
Correspondence:
Cambridge University Press, Pitt Building, Trumpington Street,
Cambridge CB2 1RP, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:40183 Curwen,
Michael; Dunnell, Karen; Ashley, John. Hidden influenza
deaths: 1989-90. Population Trends, No. 61, Autumn 1990. 31-3 pp.
London, England. In Eng.
"The [1989-1990] influenza epidemic was
the worst to have hit England and Wales since 1976. It may have been
responsible, directly or indirectly, for about 25,000 deaths, 10 times
the number attributed to influenza by certifying doctors. This paper
explains that estimate and compares the outbreak with three other major
epidemics during the past twenty years."
Correspondence: M.
Curwen, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Medical Statistics
Division, St. Catherines House, 10 Kingsway, London WC2B 6JP, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40184 Fargues,
Philippe; Nassour, Ouaidou. Seasonal variations in urban
mortality: the case of Bamako from 1974 to 1985. [Les variations
saisonnieres de la mortalite en ville: le cas de Bamako de 1974 a
1985.] In: Mortalite et societe en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by
Gilles Pison, Etienne van de Walle, and Mpembele Sala-Diakanda. 1989.
99-119 pp. Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]: Paris,
France; Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
Seasonal variations in mortality in Bamako, Mali, over the last 12
years are analyzed using data from the death register concerning some
55,000 deaths. Particular stress is laid on mortality from measles.
The analysis also takes into account such factors as sex, age, and
causes of death. For the first day of life, no seasonal variations are
apparent, but from the second day to age five, infectious diseases
associated with the hottest season cause a seasonal increase in
mortality.
Correspondence: P. Fargues, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40185 Gaudette,
Leslie A. Cancer in Canada 1984. [Le cancer au Canada
en 1984.] Health Reports/Rapports sur la Sante, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1989.
189-209 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng; Fre.
"This article provides an
overview of cancer in Canada in 1984, including an analysis of
geographic patterns by province. Trends for selected sites of cancer
incidence from 1970 to 1984 and cancer mortality from 1970 to 1987 are
also examined. Finally, trends since 1970 in cancer incidence and
mortality are examined in the context of strategies for cancer
control."
Correspondence: L. A. Gaudette, Statistics
Canada, Canadian Centre for Health Information, Ottawa, Ontario K1A
0T6, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40186 Hong Kong.
Census and Statistics Department (Hong Kong). Morbidity
and mortality from cancer in Hong Kong--the last 20 years. Hong
Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics, Mar 1990. 109-19 pp. Hong Kong. In
Eng.
"Cancer continued to be the top killer in Hong Kong during the
past two decades. This article describes the growing trend in cancer
morbidity and mortality during the period." Data are included on
changes in patterns by age, sex, and cancer site over
time.
Correspondence: Census and Statistics Department,
21/F Wanchai Tower I, 12 Harbour Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40187
Karjalainen, Sakari. Geographical variation in
cancer patient survival in Finland: chance, confounding, or effect of
treatment? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 44,
No. 3, Sep 1990. 210-4 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"The purpose of
this paper was to determine (1) whether the survival of cancer patients
in Finland varies with their place of residence, and (2) if such
variation is present, what proportion of the difference can be
accounted for by chance, or by confounding from geographical
differences in patient or disease characteristics, as opposed to
possible variations in the health services. The methodology...was
applied to breast and prostate cancer, which are the most frequent
malignant tumours with fairly good prognosis in Finland." Conclusions
indicate there is little reason to attribute the large regional
variations in cancer mortality to inequalities in medical
care.
Correspondence: S. Karjalainen, Finnish Cancer
Registry, Liisankatu 21 B, SF-00170 Helsinki, Finland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40188 Khayarov,
A. V. Dynamics of the death rate due to alcoholic
psychosis during 1970-1985 (the example of the Ukrainian SSR).
[Dinamika smertnosti naseleniya ot alkogol'nykh psikhozov v 1970-1985
gg. (na primere Ukrainskoi SSR).] Demograficheskie Issledovaniya, Vol.
13, 1989. 108-12 pp. Kiev, USSR. In Rus. with sum. in Eng.
Trends
in deaths due to alcoholic psychosis in the Ukrainian SSR during the
period 1970-1985 are analyzed, with a focus on age and sex
distributions.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:40189 Koenig, M.
A.; Khan, M. A.; Wojtyniak, B.; Clemens, J. D.; Chakraborty, J.;
Fauveau, V.; Phillips, J. F.; Akbar, J.; Barua, U. S.
Impact of measles vaccination on childhood mortality in rural
Bangladesh. Bulletin of the World Health Organization/Bulletin de
l'Organisation Mondiale de la Sante, Vol. 68, No. 4, 1990. 441-7 pp.
Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This study examines
the impact of measles vaccination on childhood mortality, based on
longitudinal data from the Matlab maternal and child health/family
planning programme in rural Bangladesh. It analyses the mortality
experience of 8,135 randomly matched nonvaccinated children aged 9-60
months, who were observed from March 1982 to October 1985. The results
indicate that measles vaccination had a pronounced impact on both
short- and long-term survival--the mortality rates for vaccinated
children were as much as 46% less than those for nonvaccinated
children. Immunization of children aged up to 3 years with measles
vaccine appears to improve significantly their subsequent chances of
survival."
Correspondence: M. A. Koenig, International
Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000,
Bangladesh. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40190 Kupsc,
Witold; Piotrowski, Walerian. An analysis using multiple
regression of the geographic variations in mortality caused by
cardiovascular diseases. [Analiza (metodami regresji wielokrotnej)
geograficznej zmiennosci umieralnosci spowodowanej chorobami ukladu
krazenia.] Wiadomosci Statystyczne, Vol. 34, No. 10, Oct 1989. 17-9 pp.
Warsaw, Poland. In Pol.
Geographical differences in mortality from
cardiovascular diseases in Poland are analyzed using multiple
regression. Factors considered include employment, population density,
percentage of forest area, housing conditions, percent urban, provision
of hospital beds, and population size.
Correspondence: W.
Kupsc, Instytut Kardiologii, ul. Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40191 Levy,
Claude. Poorly defined and unknown causes of death.
[Les causes de deces mal definies et inconnues.] Population, Vol. 45,
No. 1, Jan-Feb 1990. 157-66 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
An analysis
of various ill-defined causes of death in France is presented. The
data concern the years 1984 and 1985 and pertain to about 16 percent of
the total deaths for those years. Particular attention is given to
mortality from unknown causes among young adults aged
20-34.
Correspondence: C. Levy, 11 Villa Brune, 75014
Paris, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40192 Lund,
Eiliv. Childbearing in marriage and mortality from breast
cancer in Norway. International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 19,
No. 3, Sep 1990. 527-31 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The
relationship between childbearing and mortality from breast cancer has
been studied in a cohort of 822,593 currently married Norwegian women
with information on parity from the Census in 1970 and follow-up till
1985. All age groups of parous women showed significant trends of
decreasing mortality rates with increasing parity. Nulliparous women
had the same mortality rates as uniparous women in all age
groups."
Correspondence: E. Lund, Institutt for
Samfunnsmedisin, Postuttak, Universitetet i Tromso, 9000 Tromso,
Norway. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40193 Mahoney,
Martin C.; LaBrie, Danielle S.; Nasca, Philip C.; Wolfgang, Patricia
E.; Burnett, William S. Population density and cancer
mortality differentials in New York State, 1978-1982.
International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 19, No. 3, Sep 1990. 483-90
pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This report describes sex- and
site-specific patterns of cancer mortality within five population
density quintiles in New York State, exclusive of New York City,
between 1978 and 1982....Data show a direct association between
population density and mortality from all cancer deaths combined among
both males and females....Population density, as measured in this
investigation, may represent a surrogate measure for other cancer risk
factors, such as socioeconomic status, personal health behaviours, and
differential exposures to environmental agents, which are related to
cancer morbidity and cancer mortality."
Correspondence: M.
C. Mahoney, New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Cancer
Epidemiology, Albany, NY 12237-0683. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:40194 McCormick,
Anna. Estimating the size of the HIV epidemic by using
mortality data. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of
London: B. Biological Sciences, Vol. 325, No. 1226, Sep 5, 1989. 125-35
pp. London, England. In Eng.
"Evidence that more people are dying
as a result of HIV infection than is reflected by the number of deaths
among reported cases meeting the WHO definition of AIDS is derived from
mortality data....Standardized mortality ratios due to [such] causes
increased for single men aged 15-54 years from 100 in 1984 to 118 in
1987. The age, sex, marital status, temporal and geographic
distribution of these excess deaths suggest that they are
HIV-associated....There is a need for surveillance to be extended to
include HIV-positive people who die before meeting the WHO definition
if the full extent of the HIV epidemic is to be
identified."
Correspondence: A. McCormick, Communicable
Disease Surveillance Centre, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
56:40195 Nanjo,
Zenji; Shigematsu, Takao; Yoshinaga, Kazuhiko.
Parameterized model schedules of mortality for Japan: all and
selected causes of death. Jinkogaku Kenkyu/Journal of Population
Studies, No. 13, May 1990. 27-35 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn. with sum. in
Eng.
Mortality patterns and causes of death by age for Japan are
analyzed for the period 1895-1985. A model of Japanese mortality is
described.
Correspondence: Z. Nanjo, Tohoku Gakuin
University, 1-3-1 Tsuchitoi, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980, Japan.
Location: Princeton University Library (Gest).
56:40196 Napalkov,
N. P.; Merabishvili, V. M. Basic patterns of mortality
from malignant neoplasms in the population of the USSR. [Osnovnye
zakonomernosti smertnosti naseleniya SSSR ot zlokachestvennykh
novoobrazovanii.] Voprosy Onkologii, Vol. 35, No. 6, 1989. 649-57 pp.
Leningrad, USSR. In Rus.
The authors describe mortality patterns
due to malignant neoplasms in the USSR since 1960. Mortality is
analyzed by type of cancer, sex, age, and Union
republic.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, MD.
56:40197
Omondi-Odhiambo; van Ginneken, J. K.; Voorhoeve, A. M.
Mortality by cause of death in a rural area of Machakos district,
Kenya in 1975-78. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 22, No. 1,
Jan 1990. 63-75 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"This paper
examines mortality by cause of death in a rural area of Machakos
district in Kenya. The cause-of-death data collected between 1975 and
1978 were likely to be of fairly good quality. The number of deaths
was higher among infants and children. Infectious diseases and
diseases of the respiratory system were the leading causes of death
among children below 5 years of age. Next in prominence were the
causes ascribed to congenital anomalies and perinatal conditions.
Among adolescents and young adults, injury and poisoning, together with
tuberculosis and other infectious and parasitic diseases, were the
leading causes of death. Degenerative diseases, especially diseases of
the circulatory system and neoplasms and respiratory illness, were
responsible for the majority of deaths among the older
population."
Correspondence: Omondi-Odhiambo, Kenya Medical
Research Institute, Medical Research Center, POB 54840, Nairobi, Kenya.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40198 Preble,
Elizabeth A. Impact of HIV/AIDS on African children.
Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 31, No. 6, 1990. 671-80 pp. Elmsford,
New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This paper examines the
potential impact of HIV/AIDS on orphanhood and under-five mortality in
10 Central and East African countries. The author estimates that, in
the 10 countries studied, HIV/AIDS in children under age five will
cause between one-quarter and half a million child deaths annually by
the year 2000. Whereas the United Nations estimate (without AIDS) and
target for the under-five mortality rate in this 10-country region by
the year 2000 are 132 and 78, respectively, HIV/AIDS will cause the
under-five mortality rate to rise to between 159 and 189....During the
1990s, HIV/AIDS will kill a total of between 1.5 and 2.9 million women
of reproductive age in this region, producing between 3.1 and 5.5
million AIDS orphans--which means that between 6 and 11% of the
population under age 15 will be orphaned." Data are from a variety of
published sources.
Correspondence: E. A. Preble, United
Nations Children's Fund, 3 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
56:40199 Rallu,
Jean-Louis. Automobile driving and road accidents.
[Conduite automobile et accidents de la route.] Population, Vol. 45,
No. 1, Jan-Feb 1990. 27-62 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng;
Spa.
Automobile accident rates are analyzed by driver's sex and age
for countries in northern, southern, and western Europe. The high
percentage of accidents caused by elderly drivers has implications for
road safety in European countries as the population ages. The focus is
on accidents causing serious injury or
death.
Correspondence: J.-L. Rallu, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:40200 Ravenholt,
R. T. Tobacco's global death march. Population and
Development Review, Vol. 16, No. 2, Jun 1990. 213-40, 398, 400 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
Trends in disease
and death due to the smoking, chewing, and breathing of tobacco are
examined, with a focus on the U.S. experience in the twentieth century.
The history of tobacco use and production worldwide since the
fifteenth century is first reviewed. The author considers increases in
mortality and morbidity rates caused by cardiovascular disease,
cancers, and other tobacco-related
diseases.
Correspondence: R. T. Ravenholt, World Health
Surveys, Seattle, WA. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:40201 Seaman,
John. Famine mortality in Ethiopia and the Sudan. [La
mortalite due a la famine en Ethiopie et au Soudan.] In: Mortalite et
societe en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Gilles Pison, Etienne
van de Walle, and Mpembele Sala-Diakanda. 1989. 341-59 pp. Institut
National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France; Presses
Universitaires de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
The economic and
demographic consequences of the famines experienced in Ethiopia and the
Sudan from 1980 to 1985 are reviewed using data from various aid
organizations. These data permit a general analysis of the impact of
the famine on mortality, either through malnutrition or migration. The
author estimates that excess mortality in northern Ethiopia affected
between a half a million and a million people, or between 7 and 15
percent of the region's population; it was lower in northern Sudan.
Mortality in both countries was particularly high among children and
refugees.
Correspondence: J. Seaman, Save the Children
Fund, London, England. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:40202 Thouez, J.
P.; Ghadirian, P. Mortality and ethnicity: a preliminary
analysis of cancer mortality rates among immigrants to Canada,
1969-1973. [Mortalite et ethnicite: analyse preliminaire des taux
de mortalite par cancers chez les immigrants au Canada, 1969-73.]
Canadian Geographer/Geographe Canadien, Vol. 33, No. 1, Spring 1989.
58-66 pp. Toronto, Canada. In Fre.
Differentials in cancer
mortality among immigrants to Canada are analyzed by province. The
author examines differences among and between ethnic groups and the
country of origin. The data are from official Canadian sources and are
for the period 1969-1973.
Correspondence: J. P. Thouez,
Universite de Montreal, Departement de Geographie, Montreal, Quebec H3C
3J7, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
56:40203 Vallin,
Jacques. The evolution of mortality by cause in France
since 1925: problems and solutions. [La evolucion de la mortalidad
por causas en Francia desde 1925: problemas y soluciones.] Boletin de
la Asociacion de Demografia Historica, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1990. 11-35 pp.
Madrid, Spain. In Spa.
The author analyzes the evolution of
mortality by causes of death in France since 1925. Aspects considered
include reporting discontinuities caused by successive revisions of
cause-of-death definitions; the number of deaths due to indeterminate
causes; the formulation of an etiological reclassification; and the
contribution of particular causes of death to changes in the
expectations of life at birth.
Correspondence: J. Vallin,
Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675
Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:40204 van
Ginneken, Jeroen K.; Teunissen, Anton W. Morbidity and
mortality from diarrhea. [La morbidite et la mortalite par
diarrhee.] In: Mortalite et societe en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited
by Gilles Pison, Etienne van de Walle, and Mpembele Sala-Diakanda.
1989. 169-93 pp. Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]:
Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
Current research on illnesses associated with diarrhea is reviewed,
with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa. The first part reviews the
clinical and biological aspects of diarrheal morbidity. The second and
third parts summarize demographic and epidemiological studies on
diarrheal morbidity and mortality. The fourth part considers seasonal
variations and the relevant socioeconomic, hygienic, and nutritional
factors. The final section presents an anthropological approach to the
resolution of some of the problems associated with
diarrhea.
Correspondence: J. K. van Ginneken, Nederlands
Instituut voor Praeventive Gezondheidszorg TNO, Wassenaarseweg 56, POB
124, 2300 AC Leiden, Netherlands. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:40205 Walker,
Godfrey J. A.; McCaw-Binns, Affette; Ashley, Deanna E. C.; Bernard, G.
Wesley. Identifying maternal deaths in developing
countries: experience in Jamaica. International Journal of
Epidemiology, Vol. 19, No. 3, Sep 1990. 599-605 pp. Oxford, England. In
Eng.
"Multiple sources were used to identify maternal deaths and
their causes in a study carried out in Jamaica....Deaths due to certain
causes were far more likely to be identified from particular sources
e.g. those due to clinical mismanagement...from hospital in-patient
records; while deaths from ruptured ectopic pregnancy were more likely
to come from coroners', police and morgue records. It is concluded
that using multiple sources to identify maternal deaths in developing
countries is an effective method to identify all maternal deaths."
Comparisons are made with the quality of data and methodologies used in
other countries.
Correspondence: G. J. A. Walker, 7 chemin
de Valavran, Ferney-Voltaire, 01210 France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
