56:30673 Blanchet,
Didier. Who will pay the consequences? The effects of
demographic trends on social security and the labor market. [Qui
supportera les consequences? Effets des evolutions demographiques sur
la protection sociale et le marche du travail.] In: International
Population Conference/Congres International de la Population, New
Delhi, September/septembre 20-27, 1989. Vol. 3, 1989. 289-301 pp.
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liege, Belgium. In Fre.
Some aspects of probable future demographic
trends in developed countries are examined, with particular reference
to the costs of providing health services and pensions to an aging
population. The author suggests that the health costs of aging are of
secondary importance, whereas the costs of retirement will be a major
problem. In considering how and by whom these additional costs should
be paid, the author suggests that the answer will be found in the
evolution of the labor market to adjust to demographic
factors.
Correspondence: D. Blanchet, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:30674 Bravo,
Rosa. Woman, development, and population in Latin
America. [Mujer, desarrollo y poblacion en America Latina.] Notas
de Poblacion, Vol. 17, No. 48, Dec 1989. 35-59 pp. Santiago, Chile. In
Spa. with sum. in Eng.
The author presents a conceptual framework
for the analysis of the relationship between women's status and
demographic behavior in Latin America. Recent demographic trends
associated with indicators of economic development are first reviewed.
The interactions between women's status and various cultural and
socioeconomic factors are then examined. The possible effects on
women's status of development projects are
considered.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:30675 Chesnais,
Jean-Claude. Demographic trends in the principal
retirement schemes in France since 1950. [L'evolution
demographique des principaux regimes de retraite en France depuis
1950.] Population, Vol. 44, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1989. 1,029-52 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
The author examines
demographic trends and retirement schemes in France "by reconstituting
long-term trends (since 1950) in the number of contributors and retired
persons in the principal basic and supplementary retirement schemes,
and [presents] a comparative analysis of the burden of these various
schemes. In all cases, the number of beneficiaries rose more or less
steeply, while the number of contributors tended to vary, most often
downwards, thus causing a substantial increase in their burden. This
tendency is associated with a phenomenon peculiar to France: the
secular stagnation of employment, accompanied, since the economic
recession which began in 1973, by a policy of massive eviction of older
people from the labour market."
Correspondence: J.-C.
Chesnais, Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du
Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:30676 Kolb,
Rudolf. Population trends and effects on old-age
insurance. [Bevolkerungsentwicklung und Auswirkungen auf die
Rentenversicherung.] Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, No. 18/89, Apr 28,
1989. 32-9 pp. Bonn, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger.
The
long-term impact of population trends on the old-age insurance system
in the Federal Republic of Germany is discussed. Proposed measures for
alleviating the burden of the system are
described.
Location: New York Public Library.
56:30677 Macura,
Miroslav. Methods to project enrolment by school level and
population by level of education. In: International Population
Conference/Congres International de la Population, New Delhi,
September/septembre 20-27, 1989. Vol. 3, 1989. 23-39 pp. International
Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium.
In Eng.
"This paper seeks to remove some of the limitations of the
educational planning methodology....The first objective of the paper is
to present a revised grade transition method and a revised age-grade
transition method, which unlike the original methods explicitly allow
for mortality, but retain the assumption of the closed population. The
second objective is to indicate how the standard cohort component
method of population projections can be modified in order to enable one
to project population not only by age and sex but also by the level of
educational attainment, using among other things the results of the
revised age-grade transition method. The third objective is to present
results of illustrative projections prepared by the joint application
of the modified age-grade transition method and the revised cohort
component method." The method is applied using data from Yugoslavia
for the year 1971.
Correspondence: M. Macura, U.N.
Population Division/DIESA, United Nations, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:30678 Morocco.
Direction de la Statistique. Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches
Demographiques (Rabat, Morocco). Education and demographic
trends in Morocco. [Education et changements demographiques au
Maroc.] Etudes Demographiques, 1989. 203 pp. Rabat, Morocco. In Fre.
This study examines four aspects of the relationship between
demographic trends and education in Morocco. Separate consideration is
given to the impact of education on mortality, education and fertility,
migration and education, and education and economic activity. Data are
from national sources, including both censuses and
surveys.
Correspondence: Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches
Demographiques, Direction de la Statistique, B.P. 178, Charii Maa El
Ainain, Rabat, Morocco. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:30679 Reynolds,
Sian. Who wanted the creches? Working mothers and the
birth-rate in France, 1900-1950. Continuity and Change, Vol. 5,
No. 2, Aug 1990. 173-97 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Ger.
The author outlines the history of day-care centers, or
creches, in France during the first half of the twentieth century.
Consideration is given to the various political and social movements
that supported or opposed the institution and to the causes for the
creche's inception, particularly female labor force participation and
the high infant mortality rate associated with other forms of child
care. The author concludes that "the present relatively generous
creche provision in France may owe its existence more to demographic
concerns than to pressures from either parents or the women's
movement."
Correspondence: S. Reynolds, University of
Edinburgh, Department of French, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:30680 Schwarz,
Karl. Women's educational attainment and its significance
for the labor market, marriage, and family formation. [Die
Bildungsabschlusse der Frauen und ihre Bedeutung fur den Arbeitsmarkt,
die Eheschliessung und die Familienbildung.] Zeitschrift fur
Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 15, No. 4, 1989. 361-82 pp. Wiesbaden,
Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
The
effects of the increase in women's educational level on their labor
force participation, marriage rates, and fertility levels in West
Germany are examined. The author finds a strong correlation between
the rise in women's educational status and their economic activity and
notes that although university-educated women remain single more often
and for longer periods than less-educated women, when they marry they
have a relatively high number of children. Men's lack of acceptance of
the changes in women's status is linked to educated women's lower
marriage rates.
Correspondence: K. Schwarz,
Klopstockstrasse 14, 6200 Wiesbaden, Federal Republic of Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:30681 United
States. Bureau of the Census (Washington, D.C.). Work and
family patterns of American women. Current Population Reports,
Series P-23: Special Studies, No. 165, Mar 1990. 57 pp. Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
This is a collection of papers written by various
authors on social, demographic, and economic consequences of changes in
women's roles and status in the United States. The first section is
concerned with trends in family formation in 1985, including timing and
frequency of marriage, divorce, remarriage, and fertility across
several generations of women. The second section deals with factors
associated with childbearing and labor force
participation.
Correspondence: U.S. Government Printing
Office, Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402.
Location: Princeton Univerty Library (SPR).
56:30682 Lee, Luke
T. Law, human rights, and population policy. In:
Population policy: contemporary issues, edited by Godfrey Roberts.
1990. 1-20 pp. Praeger: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
The author reviews the objectives and impact of the Law and
Population Program, which was administered from 1970 to 1978 by Tufts
University in Boston, Massachusetts, and was established in order to
relate law and human rights to population and family planning. "The
lapse of more than ten years since the closing of the Law and
Population Program at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy affords
an opportunity to place the program and its activities in perspective.
Have the theoretical assumptions and bases underlying the program been
justified? What impact, if any, have its activities had on population
policies around the world? What lessons may be drawn for the future?
These are questions which the present chapter seeks to
address."
Correspondence: L. T. Lee, Office of the United
States Coordinator of Refugee Affairs, Department of State, Washington,
D.C. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:30683 Nabi, A. K.
M. Nurun; Krishnan, P. Political demography of the
emergence of Bangladesh. Population Research Laboratory Discussion
Paper, No. 67, May 1990. 31 pp. University of Alberta, Department of
Sociology, Population Research Laboratory: Edmonton, Canada. In Eng.
"This paper aims at tracing the factors that influenced the process
of nationalist revolution culminating in the emergence of independent
Bangladesh. This is the first part of a study of [the] political
demography of Bangladesh with reference to the time up to the creation
of the country in 1971." Differences between Bangladesh and Pakistan
in geography, population distritution, language and culture, and
socioeconomic development are discussed.
Correspondence:
University of Alberta, Department of Sociology, Population Research
Laboratory, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H4, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:30684 Subrtova,
Alena. Population issues in the platforms of Czech
political parties at the beginning of the century. [Populacni
otazky v programech ceskych politickych stran na pocatku stoleti.]
Demografie, Vol. 32, No. 2, 1990. 126-31 pp. Prague, Czechoslovakia. In
Cze. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The author reviews the integration of
population issues into the programs of political parties in
Czechoslovakia at the beginning of the twentieth century.
Consideration is given to the various parties existing at that time and
their stand on such population issues as mortality, health care for
infants and children, the elderly, eugenics, population growth
regulation, and housing.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:30685
Chulalongkorn University. Institute of Population Studies
(Bangkok, Thailand); Institute for Resource Development/Macro Systems.
Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS] (Columbia, Maryland).
Health and population studies based on the 1987 Thailand
Demographic and Health Survey. DHS Further Analysis Series, No. 1,
Dec 1989. i, 253 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
This is one in a
series providing information on further analysis studies in countries
where demographic and health surveys were conducted by the Institute
for Resource Development. Thailand is the focus of this report, which
includes articles by various authors in the two general areas of health
and population studies. Health topics covered include child
immunization, infant feeding practices, occurrence and correlates of
diarrhea in children, nutritional status of Thai children, and trends
in maternal health care. Population studies include contraceptive
initiation patterns, oral contraceptive use, contraceptive
sterilization, education of Thai children, and marriage registration
and postnuptial residence patterns among Thai
women.
Correspondence: IRD/Macro Systems, DHS Program, 8850
Stanford Boulevard, Suite 4000, Columbia, MD 21045. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:30686 Dhillon, H.
S. Integration of demographic variables in health
planning. In: International Population Conference/Congres
International de la Population, New Delhi, September/septembre 20-27,
1989. Vol. 3, 1989. 17-22 pp. International Union for the Scientific
Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
The author
discusses the importance of integrating demographic variables in health
planning. "For the purposes of health planning the separate components
of demography are population growth and structure, family formation,
fertility, mortality and population movement. The demographic trends
in WHO's European Region [and in Algeria, Morocco, and Turkey] will be
used to illustrate the application of each of these
components."
Correspondence: H. S. Dhillon, World Health
Organization, Division of Health Education and Health Promotion, 1211
Geneva 27, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:30687 Dunnell,
Karen. Monitoring children's health. Population
Trends, No. 60, Summer 1990. 16-22 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This article illustrates the way statistics on the health of
children can be used by presenting a selection of [U.K. Office of
Population Censuses and Surveys] data covering three aspects of health:
mortality, morbidity, and health-related behaviour [for the 1980s].
Also shown is a guide to centrally available statistics relating to the
health of children." The data are presented by age and
sex.
Correspondence: K. Dunnell, Office of Population
Censues and Surveys, Medical Statistics Division, St. Catherines House,
10 Kingsway, London WC2 6JP, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:30688 Forrest,
Jacqueline D.; Gold, Rachel B.; Kenney, Asta-Maria. The
need, availability and financing of reproductive health services.
ISBN 0-939253-17-8. 1989. vii, 145 pp. Alan Guttmacher Institute: New
York, New York. In Eng.
This is a sourcebook of information on
women's reproductive health services in the United States. "The
purpose of this paper is to assess what kind of health services are
needed to prevent, bring about or manage pregnancy and childbirth, who
is likely to need them, their availability, who is likely to provide
them, how much they cost, who pays or cannot pay for them and the
adequacy of public programs....We have attempted throughout the
document to pay special attention to the needs of low-income
women...and teenagers." Separate sections cover gynecological care,
reversible contraception, sterilization, sexually transmitted diseases,
infertility services, prenatal genetic screening, abortion, and
prenatal and maternity services.
Correspondence: Alan
Guttmacher Institute, 111 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:30689 John, A.
Meredith. Transmission and control of childhood infectious
diseases: does demography matter? Population Studies, Vol. 44,
No. 2, Jul 1990. 195-215 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"The purpose
of the present study is to explore the relationship between the
demography of a host population and the epidemiology of an
aerogenically transmitted infectious disease. Using a new, fully
age-structured model of infectious disease transmission which
incorporates non-independent, dynamic demographic and epidemiological
systems, the role of host population demography in governing disease
incidence and the age patterns of infection is explored. Differences
in the effectiveness of immunization programmes as a function of the
demography of the host population are also considered [for developing
countries]."
Correspondence: A. M. John, Princeton
University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue,
Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:30690 Manton,
Kenneth G. Epidemiological, demographic, and social
correlates of disability among the elderly. Milbank Quarterly,
Vol. 67, Suppl. 2, 1989. 13-58 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The
magnitude and quality of the problem of disability for the United
States elderly population was analyzed in a series of projections." The
effect of changes in health on the future increase of the disabled
elderly population and service patterns among the disabled elderly are
discussed. The author finds that "the number of disabled elderly will
increase with the general population's aging...and will require family
and other social services to meet older people's needs for personal
care, physical equipment, and changes in the built environment.
Efficiently designed policies could prevent disability by intervening
in early stages of chronic disease processes yielding the highest
proportion of disablement....The problem's scope also mandates basic
changes in sociocultural perception of elderly people's
functioning."
Correspondence: K. G. Manton, Duke
University, Center for Demographic Studies, 2117 Campus Drive, Durham,
NC 27706. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:30691 Mauldon,
Jane. The effect of marital disruption on children's
health. Demography, Vol. 27, No. 3, Aug 1990. 431-46 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This study uses retrospective illness
histories to investigate whether children's health deteriorates after
parental separation. Separation is associated with illness in a
multivariate cross-sectional analysis as well as in an analysis of a
sample of disrupted children only, in which illness rates before and
after separation are compared. Three explanations are hypothesized:
(1) divorce reduces the resources available to children, (2) the stress
of divorce depletes children's health, and (3) frailer children are
selected into divorce. The first hypothesis has stronger support than
the second, but the data are too poor for a rigorous test of either.
The selection hypothesis is not supported....This research uses the
Child Health Supplement (CHS) to the 1981 National Health Interview
Survey (HIS), a nationally representative survey of [U.S.]
households."
This is a revised version of a paper originally
presented at the 1988 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America (see Population Index, Vol. 54, No. 3, Fall 1988, p.
431).
Correspondence: J. Mauldon, University of California,
Graduate School of Public Policy, 2607 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA
94720. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:30692 St. Clair,
Patricia A.; Smeriglio, Vincent L.; Alexander, Cheryl S.; Connell,
Frederick A.; Niebyl, Jennifer R. Situational and
financial barriers to prenatal care in a sample of low-income
inner-city women. Public Health Reports, Vol. 105, No. 3, May-Jun
1990. 264-7 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The relationship between
the use of prenatal care and factors that may impede access to care was
examined in a sample of low-income, inner-city women [in the United
States]. Situational and financial barriers to care were not important
correlates of utilization. In unadjusted analyses, only insurance
status and employment status were associated with utilization. Of the
sociodemographic characteristics studied, only parity was strongly
associated with the use of prenatal care."
Correspondence:
P. A. St. Clair, University of Washington, Department of Health
Services, SC-37, Seattle, WA 98195. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:30693 Bouchard,
Gerard. Population studies and genetic epidemiology in
northeast Quebec. Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 16, No. 1,
1989. 61-86 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"SOREP
is an Inter-University research center dealing with population issues
in northeastern Quebec. Since 1972, researchers have been working on
the development of a computerized genealogical database covering the
period from the beginning of the white settlements up to the present
time....Focusing on the regions of Saguenay and Charlevoix, this paper
provides an overview of the work carried out with respect to the
database itself (data, computerized record linkage, database management
system) and the research being done in demographic and social history,
population genetics and genetic epidemiology....This paper also
describes attempts to set up an original epidemiological approach based
on a combination of population studies (search for gene subdivisions),
genealogical inference, and genetic markers in order to provide genetic
counselling with enriched information. The legal and ethical issue is
also addressed."
Correspondence: G. Bouchard, Universite du
Quebec, Chicoutimi, Quebec G7H 2B1, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:30694 Bundey,
Sarah; Alam, Hasina; Kaur, Amritpal; Mir, Samina; Lancashire, R.
J. Race, consanguinity and social features in Birmingham
babies: a basis for prospective study. Journal of Epidemiology and
Community Health, Vol. 44, No. 2, Jun 1990. 130-5 pp. London, England.
In Eng.
"The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of
consanguinity on children's health. The study is a prospective survey
from birth to five years of a cohort of babies born in a multiracial
community....[and uses data from Birmingham, England, on] babies of
2,432 European mothers, 509 Afro-Caribbean mothers, 625 Indian mothers,
956 Pakistani mothers, and 216 Bangladeshi mothers....This prospective
study will allow an assessment to be made about any ill health in
childhood arising from parental consanguinity, about whether screening
programmes are indicated for particular autosomal recessive diseases,
and about whether premarital health education might be
beneficial."
Correspondence: S. Bundey, University of
Birmingham, Maternity Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics,
Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TG, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:30695 Castro de
Guerra, D.; Pinto-Cisternas, J.; Rodriguez-Larralde, A.
Inbreeding as measured by isonymy in two Venezuelan populations and
its relationship to other variables. Human Biology, Vol. 62, No.
2, Apr 1990. 269-78 pp. Detroit, Michigan. In Eng.
"Isonymy is a
useful approach to the study of population structure and thus can be
utilized to detect deviations from random mating. In this study we give
the results of an analysis of inbreeding levels and relate such
variables as mean marital distance, surnames repeated in isonymous
couples, and percentage of people using only maternal surnames to
inbreeding and endogamy in two Venezuelan populations of black
ancestry, Birongo and La Sabana....The most important findings
are...that there is higher endogamy, inbreeding, and isolation in
Birongo than in La Sabana....The use of isonymy as a complementary tool
to study population structure is
proposed...."
Correspondence: D. Castro de Guerra,
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Laboratorio de
Genetica Humana, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:30696 Excoffier,
Laurent; Pellegrini, Beatrice. Genetic constitution and
the demography of human origin: the mtDNA arguments. In:
International Population Conference/Congres International de la
Population, New Delhi, September/septembre 20-27, 1989. Vol. 3, 1989.
409-19 pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of Population
[IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
The authors discuss human genetic
constitution and the demography of the origins of humanity. "We
propose to review here mtDNA restriction fragment length
polymorphisms...data which have been gathered after analysis of ten
samples...drawn from three main continental groups (Caucasoids,
Orientals and Africans). We shall focus on the hypothetical genetic
constitution of a primitive population from which all present modern
humans would have diverged. Hypotheses concerning this population's
probable age and size will also be
discussed."
Correspondence: L. Excoffier, University of
Geneva, Department of Anthropology, 3 Place de l'Universite, 1211
Geneva 4, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:30697 Piazza,
Alberto. Modern man's history: methodology, results and
hypotheses. In: International Population Conference/Congres
International de la Population, New Delhi, September/septembre 20-27,
1989. Vol. 3, 1989. 381-93 pp. International Union for the Scientific
Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
The author
outlines a genetic history of Europe and the world. Consideration is
given to historical and genetic linkages among modern peoples,
including a phylogenetic tree of 42 world populations; genes and
archaeological records; and genes and linguistic
classification.
Correspondence: A. Piazza, Institute for
Scientific Interchange, Viale Settimo Severo 65, 10133 Turin, Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:30698
Sanchez-Mazas, Alicia. Immunological polymorphisms
and human migration: the history of 180,000 individuals.
[Polymorphismes immunologiques et migrations humaines: l'histoire
racontee par 180,000 individus.] In: International Population
Conference/Congres International de la Population, New Delhi,
September/septembre 20-27, 1989. Vol. 3, 1989. 395-407 pp.
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liege, Belgium. In Fre.
Differences in the distribution of three
major gene groups among the world's population are analyzed using data
from a global sample of 180,000 individuals. The similarities in gene
type among peoples are used to hypothesize the extent of historical
migration.
Correspondence: A. Sanchez-Mazas, Universite de
Geneve, Laboratoire de Genetique et Biometrie, 3 Place de l'Universite,
1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:30699 Soloway,
Richard A. Demography and degeneration: eugenics and the
declining birthrate in twentieth-century Britain. ISBN
0-8078-1865-8. LC 89-33500. 1990. xix, 443 pp. University of North
Carolina Press: Chapel Hill, North Carolina/London, England. In Eng.
"I attempt to examine and explain the rise (and fall) of eugenics
in twentieth-century Britain in a...historical context shaped in large
part by the rapid decline in the birthrate and the assessments of this
new phenomenon by contemporaries trying to understand what was
happening to their society....I examine eugenics as an evolving species
of historically shaped, culturally fashioned social thought based upon
biological assumptions about individual ability and social class, and
as a reform movement created by both the real and the imagined
consequences of long-term changes in reproductive behavior." The
author discusses "how differing scientific and pseudoscientific
theories of biological inheritance became popularized and enmeshed in
the prolonged, often contentious national debate about 'race suicide'
and 'the dwindling family.' Demographic statistics demonstrated that
birthrates were declining among the better-educated, most successful
classes while they remained high for the poorest, least-educated
portion of the population....[which led to fears] that falling
birthrates among the 'better' classes signified...racial decline and
degeneration...." The impact of the eugenics movement on family
planning and population policy is
addressed.
Correspondence: University of North Carolina
Press, 116 South Boundary Street, Post Office Box 2288, Chapel Hill, NC
27515-2288. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
