56:20547 Asian
Population and Development Association (Tokyo, Japan).
Demographic transition and development in Asian countries: overview
and statistical tables. Population and Development Series, No. 10,
Feb 1989. 78 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
This volume contains an
assessment of the current status of the demographic transition in Asia.
Following a review of individual countries and their locations in the
transition, demographic and socioeconomic data relevant to the
calculation of progress in the demographic transition are
compared.
Correspondence: Asian Population and Development
Association, Nagatacho TBR Building, Room 710, 10-2 Nagatacho 2-chome,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan. Location: East-West Population
Institute, Honolulu, HI. Source: East-West Population
Institute, Acquisitions List, May-Jun 1989.
56:20548 Kelley,
Allen C. The "International Human Suffering Index":
reconsideration of the evidence. Population and Development
Review, Vol. 15, No. 4, Dec 1989. 731-7, 792, 794-5 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The 'International Human
Suffering Index,' published by the Population Crisis Committee,
purports to show, for 130 developed and developing countries,
correlations between a summary measure of the level of suffering and
population growth rates. Reconsideration of the evidence indicates
that the correlations are largely the result of reverse causation
and/or due to the simple observation that presently developed countries
began 'modern economic growth' earlier than less developed
countries."
Correspondence: A. C. Kelley, Duke University,
Center for Demographic Studies, 2117 Campus Drive, Durham, NC 27706.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20549 Penkov,
Petar. Demographic principles of social security.
[Demografski osnovi na sotsialnoto osiguryavane.] LC 89-113485. 1987.
187 pp. Nauchnoizsledovatelski Institut po Profsayuzni Problemi G.
Dimitrov: Sofia, Bulgaria. In Bul.
This volume is concerned with
demographic aspects of social security. A section on demographic
processes contains chapters on methodological problems in demographic
research, features of population reproduction, birth and death rates,
incapacitation, and morbidity. A second section, on demographic
states, includes chapters on labor force participation and its age
limits; average life expectancy in the economically active ages;
education and vocational training; pregnancy, maternity, and child
rearing; and measurements of incapacitation and working
capacity.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington,
D.C.
56:20550 van Imhoff,
Evert. Optimal investment in human capital under
conditions of nonstable population. Journal of Human Resources,
Vol. 24, No. 3, Summer 1989. 414-32 pp. Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
"The paper analyses optimal investment in physical and human
capital when the (exogenous) rate of population growth changes. The
growth model describes a closed economy with overlapping generations
and homogeneous human capital. The optimal growth path is
characterized by two groups of optimality conditions: a Generalized
Golden Rule for optimal investment in physical capital; and a continuum
of Golden Rules of Education, corresponding to the continuum of active
generations. These conditions for optimal investment in human capital
can be interpreted in terms of the familiar equality of discounted
costs and returns. The model is illustrated with a numerical
simulation."
Correspondence: E. van Imhoff, Netherlands
Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, POB 955, 2270 AZ Voorburg,
Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library (IR).
56:20551 Alba,
Francisco. Demographic and economic development in
contemporary Mexico. [El contexto demografico y de desarrollo en
el Mexico contemporaneo.] Salud Publica de Mexico, Vol. 31, No. 2,
Mar-Apr 1989. 163-7 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"This paper briefly reviews the main features of the recent Mexican
experience in demographic and economic development matters. It
assesses the development pattern that prevailed between 1940 and 1970
and the ways and policies that were instrumental in accommodating the
rapid population growth of the period. The author considers that by
1970 the relatively acceptable demo-economic system in place since 1940
entered a period of emerging tensions, and examines the responses to
those difficulties, among them the change in population policy. It
closes with a brief review of the tasks ahead considering future
demographic and economic tendencies in
Mexico."
Correspondence: F. Alba, Colegio de Mexico, Camino
al Ajusco 20, Pedregal de Santa Teresa, 10740 Mexico DF, Mexico.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
56:20552 Anker,
Richard; Farooq, Ghazi M. Population and socio-economic
development: the new perspective. In: Socio-Economic Development
and Population Control, edited by M. E. Khan and D. V. N. Sarma. 1988.
247-65 pp. Manohar: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The authors review
models used to analyze the relationships among social, economic, and
demographic variables and their interactions with population policy in
developing countries. The need for each developing country to
understand its unique demographic-economic relationship when
formulating population and development policies is
emphasized.
Correspondence: R. Anker, International Labour
Office, 4 route des Morillons, CH-1211, Geneva 22, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20553 Chesnais,
Jean-Claude; Wang, Shuxin. Population aging, retirement,
and living conditions of the elderly in China. [Vieillissement
demographique, retraites et conditions de vie des personnes agees en
Chine.] Population, Vol. 44, No. 4-5, Jul-Oct 1989. 873-900 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Given the sharp drop in
birth rates, China will have to face a rapid ageing of its population.
This article has three objects: (a) to present trends in population
ageing, (b) to analyze the characteristics of the elderly population,
(c) to explain the principal guidelines of policies of the elderly in
China....China could, by 2040, have 35% of its population aged 60 and
over. The retirement system is relatively undeveloped, as it only
covers State employees; health insurance covers an even smaller
fraction of the population, even in urban areas. What enables the
population to cope with the handicaps of ageing is the co-residence of
different generations and the strength of family solidarity. But this
solidarity is, in fact, regarded as more of an obligation than a matter
of choice by the immense majority of young couples who prefer
establishing a nuclear family. The need for social expressions of
solidarity will therefore be increasing during the coming
decades."
Correspondence: J.-C. Chesnais, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20554 Chesnais,
Jean-Claude. The revenge of the third world. [La
revanche du tiers-monde.] Collection Libertes 2000, ISBN 2-221-05182-3.
1987. 336 pp. Editions Robert Laffont: Paris, France. In Fre.
The
author develops the theme that the developing world is catching up with
and even overtaking the developed world. A chapter is included on
third-world demography, in which the author describes the process of
demographic transition and notes that it has been completed concerning
mortality and is well underway concerning fertility. He concludes that
although European values have spread throughout the world, Europe
itself has entered a period of relative decline, due largely to its
demographic trends.
Correspondence: Editions Robert
Laffont, 6 place Saint Sulpice, 75279 Paris Cedex 06, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
56:20555
International Labour Office [ILO]. Programa Regional de Empleo
para America Latina y el Caribe [PREALC] (Santiago, Chile).
Interrelations between population and development. Bases for
population policies in the Central American isthmus.
[Interrelaciones entre poblacion y desarrollo. Bases para politicas de
poblacion en el Istmo Centroamericano.] PREALC Documento de Trabajo,
No. 339, Nov 1989. [vii], 56 pp. Santiago, Chile. In Spa.
The
interrelations among demographic and development variables in the
countries of the Central American isthmus are investigated. The focus
is on the analysis of such interrelations in terms of the population's
standard of living as well as the contribution of the family to
development by means of its participation in the labor force. The
traditional method of emphasizing fertility control as a mechanism for
resolving problems of economic development is critically examined, and
suggestions are made for a new approach to formulating development
policies.
Correspondence: ILO, PREALC, Casilla 618,
Santiago, Chile. Location: New York Public Library.
56:20556 Jimenez
Caballero, Luis P.; Galvez Rosabal, Xiomara; Millan Castillo,
Magaly. Population and the new international economic
order. [Poblacion y nuevo orden economico internacional.] 1988.
394 pp. Editorial de Ciencias Sociales: Havana, Cuba. In Spa.
This
is a selection of papers by various authors presented at an
international seminar held in Havana, Cuba, in July 1984. The focus of
the present volume is on the close relationship between the new
international economic order and recent demographic trends in
developing countries, particularly the impact of this relationship on
development.
Correspondence: Editorial de Ciencias
Sociales, Calle 14 No. 5104, Playa, Havana, Cuba. Location:
New York Public Library.
56:20557 Khan, M.
E.; Sarma, D. V. N. Socio-economic development and
population control. ISBN 81-85054-51-7. LC 88-905993. 1988. xxiii,
270 pp. Manohar: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
"Eleven...papers in this
collection...address themselves to diverse issues like [the]
relationship between fertility and socio-economic strategy,
inter-agency coordination in family planning and development,
demographic influences in savings behaviour, integrated population and
development strategy, impact of contraception on birth rate and
fertility control....They also examine the existing programmes, assess
their strengths and weaknesses and suggest strategies for making the
[Indian] Family Planning Programme more efficient and cost effective."
The geographic focus is on India, with some attention to trends in
developing countries as a whole.
Selected items will be cited in
this or subsequent issues of Population
Index.
Correspondence: Manohar Publications, 1 Ansari Road,
Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20558 Lal, D. N.;
Prasad, Rudranand. On some socio-economic and population
measures for fertility control. In: Socio-Economic Development and
Population Control, edited by M. E. Khan and D. V. N. Sarma. 1988.
132-44 pp. Manohar: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
Women's status,
female education, and improvement in family income levels are discussed
as important factors associated with fertility reduction in India. The
authors encourage the use of incentives and disincentives to accelerate
fertility decline. Other family planning strategies recommended
include a minimum marriage age of 21 years for women, compulsory birth
spacing of four to five years, and involvement of village leaders in
promoting family planning programs.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20559 Maza
Zavala, D. F. Demographic explosion and economic growth:
a critical relationship. [Explosion demografica y crecimiento
economico: una relacion critica.] Nuevos Planteamientos, 5th rev. ed.
No. 9, ISBN 980-00-0117-4. LC 89-105606. 1987. 258 pp. Universidad
Central de Venezuela, Ediciones de la Biblioteca: Caracas, Venezuela.
In Spa.
The relationship between demographic and economic growth in
Latin America is analyzed, with a focus on the threat of
overpopulation. Chapters are included on population and
underdevelopment, poverty and population increase, the relationship
between population and income, natural resources and technology,
urbanization, family planning and the quality of life, and population
variables in development planning. A statistical appendix is provided,
and an addition to this edition contains observations concerning recent
events and population trends.
Correspondence: Universidad
Central de Venezuela, Ediciones de la Biblioteca, Ciudad Universitaria
Los Chaguaramos, Apdo. Postal 104, Caracas 1051, Venezuela.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
56:20560 Mexico.
Consejo Nacional de Poblacion [CONAPO] (Mexico City, Mexico).
Population and development in Mexico and around the world: past
trends, the current situation, and future perspectives. [Poblacion
y desarrollo en Mexico y el mundo: evolucion, situacion actual y
perspectivas.] ISBN 968-805-479-8. Oct 1988. [1,300] pp. Mexico City,
Mexico. In Spa.
This work, which is in four volumes, is concerned
with the relationship between socioeconomic development and population
factors in Mexico. The first volume describes the demographic
situation, with sections on population growth and density, age
distribution, mortality, fertility, spatial distribution, and
international migration. The second volume is concerned with
population and well-being, with sections on inequality, health,
nutrition, employment, education, and housing. The third volume
continues this theme with a section on resources and environment, and
then considers population and development into the twenty-first
century. The fourth volume consists of a statistical
appendix.
Location: University of Texas at Austin,
Population Research Center Library.
56:20561 Morocco.
Direction de la Statistique. Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches
Demographiques (Rabat, Morocco). Population and rural
development. [Population et developpement rural.] 1989. 388 pp.
Rabat, Morocco. In Fre.
These are the proceedings of a national
conference held in Morocco, February 23-24, 1989, on the key role of
demographic variables in rural development. Included are 14 papers by
various Moroccan specialists on different aspects of rural
development.
Correspondence: Direction de la Statistique,
B.P. 178, Avenue Maa El Ainain, Rabat, Morocco. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20562 Pernia,
Ernesto M. A demographic perspective on developing Asia
and its relevance to the Bank. Economics Office Report Series, No.
40, May 1987. 28 pp. Asian Development Bank, Economics Office: Manila,
Philippines. In Eng.
"This paper sketches the great challenge not
only to DMCs [developing member countries of the Asian Development
Bank] but also to the Bank in the coming years. Although overall
population growth rates in DMCs are declining, absolute population
increases will be larger than in the past. More significantly, the
rates of increase in labor force will not only remain high but the
absolute increases will be much greater than in previous
decades....Development policy in the short to medium term should
therefore pay more attention to such concerns as general employment
generation..., rural-based development and employment in small
industries (to deflect massive urbanward migration), investments in
education, health, housing and infrastructure, and food supply. Then,
too, for the long run, development policy should continue to be
concerned with the fertility issue as greater numbers of women will be
entering the reproductive ages. The paper argues that the Bank's
contribution to the development efforts of DMCs can be enhanced by a
systematic consideration of demographic and human resource concerns,
even without direct involvement in 'pure' population
activities."
Correspondence: Asian Development Bank, 2330
Roxas Boulevard, Manila 2800, Philippines. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20563 Satia, J.
K. Development and population growth--needed policy and
programme action. In: Socio-Economic Development and Population
Control, edited by M. E. Khan and D. V. N. Sarma. 1988. 23-55 pp.
Manohar: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The focus of this paper is on
the impact of development policies and programs on fertility decline in
India. "The economic benefits of reduced growth rates are examined and
policy implications of these findings discussed. Next, the effect of
some of the other developmental variables on acceptance of family
planning is studied. For this purpose data available from the
Operations Research Group Survey of 1971 is analysed. Finally, the
hiatus in the formulation of policies and implementation of programmes
is acknowledged; the crux of the problem is to reduce...this gap and
the fertility rate will fall significantly."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20564 Saxena,
Pradeep K. Human capital formation and economic
development in India: an interstate analysis. In: International
Population Conference/Congres International de la Population, New
Delhi, September/septembre 20-27, 1989. Vol. 2, 1989. 353-62 pp.
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
Human capital formation and economic
development in India are analyzed, with a focus on the impact of
educational levels on income differentials. The author finds that not
only do higher educational levels improve per capita income, but they
reduce child mortality rates and indicate socioeconomic development.
Data are from the 1981 Indian census.
Correspondence: P. K.
Saxena, Institute of Applied Manpower Research, Indraprastha Estate,
Ring Road, New Delhi 110 002 India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20565 Seal, K.
C. Economic development and population growth. In:
Socio-Economic Development and Population Control, edited by M. E. Khan
and D. V. N. Sarma. 1988. 119-31 pp. Manohar: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author analyzes three schools of thought concerning the
emphasis that should be placed by governments on either socioeconomic
development or population control in developing countries. The debate
surrounding the three strategies is discussed. The example of India is
used as an illustration.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:20566 Simkins,
Charles; van Heyningen, Elizabeth. Fertility, mortality,
and migration in the Cape Colony, 1891-1904. International Journal
of African Historical Studies, Vol. 22, No. 1, 1989. 79-111 pp. Boston,
Massachusetts. In Eng.
"The consequences for the welfare of
individuals and groups of the pattern of economic growth and social
transformation in South Africa during the twentieth century are a
matter of acute controversy. In part, this stems from differences in
standards of evaluation. But it is also a consequence of a lack of
data and of serious analysis of the information that does exist.
Demographic magnitudes are important indicators of welfare....The main
purpose of this study is to analyze data using modern demographic
methods [and] data from the period 1891 to 1904 in the Cape Colony.
The results obtained are related to the social and economic conditions
of the time. They are also connected with later observations in order
to extend the quantitative demographic perspective on South African
development by more than forty years."
Correspondence: C.
Simkins, 12 Boxer Street, Kensington, 2094 Johannesburg, South Africa.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
56:20567 Simmons,
George B. The policy implications of the relationship
between fertility and socio-economic status. In: Socio-Economic
Development and Population Control, edited by M. E. Khan and D. V. N.
Sarma. 1988. 1-22 pp. Manohar: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author
"critically reviews the available literature to assess whether there is
enough evidence to believe that socio-economic development [in
developing countries] could be a substitute for family planning
programmes and, if yes, what government interventions could accelerate
the process. The paper confines its discussion to the decline in the
level of infant mortality, improvement in the status of women
(education and participation in paid labour) and improvements in the
distribution of income, the three key developmental variables often
considered important for bringing down fertility." The author
concludes that improvement in these three variables cannot be
substituted for a direct family planning program in order to effect a
fertility decline.
Correspondence: G. B. Simmons,
University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of
Population Planning and International Health, 109 South Observatory,
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:20568 Torrado,
Susana. Population and development in Argentina.
[Poblacion y desarrollo en la Argentina.] [1989?]. 27 pp. Honorable
Senado de la Nacion, Comision de Familia y Minoridad: Buenos Aires,
Argentina. In Spa.
Recent population trends in Argentina are
reviewed. Consideration is given to population size and rate of
growth, age and sex distribution, spatial distribution, regional
differences, and the potential for future growth. The relationship
between demographic factors and development is assessed. The report
concludes by examining the role population policy can play in
influencing demographic trends.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20569 Webb,
Steven B.; Zia, Heidi S. The effect of demographic changes
on saving for life-cycle motives in developing countries. Policy,
Planning, and Research Working Paper, No. WPS 229, Jul 1989. 27 pp.
World Bank, Country Economics Department: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The potential importance of saving for retirement in developing
countries is examined by developing a simulation model that translates
population projections into savings-rate projections. The authors
conclude that "declining fertility and the transition to stable
populations is likely to increase aggregate saving rates measurably.
Saving for retirement will probably increase but not dominate total
saving changes."
Correspondence: World Bank, 1818 H Street
NW, Washington, D.C. 20433. Location: World Bank, Joint
Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.
56:20570 Zanamwe,
Lazarus. Population change and socio-economic development
in Zimbabwe: a literature review. School of Geography Working
Paper, No. 504, Jan 1988. 37 pp. University of Leeds, School of
Geography: Leeds, England. In Eng.
This is a review of the
literature on population and development in Zimbabwe. "The review is
divided into four main sections. The first discusses the issue of
population and development in general. The second poses questions and
issues which have been and need to be investigated. The third
highlights the literature on the broader world context. The fourth
focuses on the specific context of Zimbabwe." The author concludes
that "as far as the literature on Zimbabwe is concerned, few attempts
have been made that link population change and socio-economic
development directly."
Correspondence: University of Leeds,
School of Geography, Leeds LS2 9JT, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20571 Aasbrenn,
Kristian. The thinning-out community--the sparsely
populated but not depopulated area. [Uttynningssamfunnet--det
demografisk uttynnede--men ikke avfolkede-utkantsamfunn.] Tidsskrift
for Samfunnsforskning/Norwegian Journal of Social Research, Vol. 30,
No. 5-6, 1989. 509-19 pp. Oslo, Norway. In Nor. with sum. in Eng.
The author examines the spatial distribution of Norway's population
and the special problems faced by areas experiencing a "thinning-out"
or population decrease. The focus is on the capacity of these
peripheral communities to support the welfare of their inhabitants
through local private and public services.
Location: New
York Public Library.
56:20572 Chesnais,
Jean-Claude. Human investment and population-related
aspects of economic growth in East Asia: a European perspective.
NUPRI Research Paper Series, No. 52, Aug 1989. vi, 28 pp. Tokyo, Japan.
In Eng.
"The recent modernization in Japan and the four 'dragons'
(Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and South Korea) is a well-known success
story. They achieved in a quarter of a century what required a full
century in the West....A crucial factor of productivity growth seemed
to be the structural shift in the quality of labor force and adoption
of modern technology. Two underlying dimensions of this experience,
which are not yet sufficiently understood, are examined in this paper:
the intensity of the change in human capital; and patterns of
demographic transition in East Asia. A major argument of this paper is
that the principles of the original theory of demographic transition in
Europe are relevant but their application in East Asia is often
misinterpreted among scholars."
Correspondence: Nihon
University, Population Research Institute, 3-2 Misaki-cho 1-chome,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:20573 Denton,
Frank T.; Feaver, Christine H.; Spencer, Byron G. An
integrated set of models for exploring the possible long-term futures
of the Canadian population and economy: a report on work in
progress. QSEP Research Report, No. 227, Jun 1988. 34 pp. McMaster
University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Program for Quantitative
Studies in Economics and Population: Hamilton, Canada. In Eng.
"This paper represents a progress report on an ongoing project. The
purpose of the project is to develop a set of computer-based models
that can be used to explore the possibilities for future changes in the
Canadian population, the implications of such changes for the economy,
and the manner in which the population and the economy might be
expected to interact with each other over the next several decades."
The project and models are called MEDS, which stands for Models of the
Economic-Demographic System. MEDS "can be used to explore the possible
futures of the population, the labour force, and the levels and rates
of growth of national income, production, consumption, capital stock,
and other elements of the macro-economy. The system can also be used
to provide information on such things as the age distribution of the
capital stock, the effects of population change on patterns of
government expenditure, the allocations of human time at the aggregate
level among labour market, home production, child care, and so on, and
a variety of other aspects of the economic-demographic system that may
be of interest."
For further information on the MEDS
machine-readable data files, published by the same author, see
elsewhere in this issue.
Correspondence: McMaster
University, Program for Quantitative Studies in Economics and
Population, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M4, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20574 Feeney,
Griffith. The demography of aging in Japan:
1950-2025. NUPRI Research Paper Series, No. 55, Feb 1990. vi, 46
pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
"Japan is midway through an aging
transition that will multiply the number of old persons in relation to
working-age persons by perhaps fourfold. Examination of
age-distribution data indicates that this transition began around 1950,
and population projections suggest that it will continue through the
early decades of the next century. To assess the reliability of
projection results, however, it is necessary to consider their
robustness against the uncertainty of future trends in fertility and
mortality. This is gauged by studying long-term trends in fertility
and mortality as well as by considering relevant arguments. Population
aging over the next years turns out to be remarkably insensitive to
future trends in fertility and mortality. The aging that will occur
derives primarily from the current age distribution of the population.
In consequence, it may be predicted with more than usual
confidence."
Correspondence: Nihon University, Population
Research Institute, 3-2 Misaki-cho 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101
Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20575 Kendig,
Hal. Social change and family dependency in old age:
perceptions of Japanese women in middle age. NUPRI Research Paper
Series, No. 54, Oct 1989. vi, 62 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
"Massive
postwar change could be expected to have had major impacts on
intergenerational exchange in Japan. This paper draws on the Mainichi
national fertility surveys to analyze the ways in which views on
dependence on children in old age have changed as married Japanese
women passed through mid-life during the postwar years. The women's
expectations of family support in their old age were found to fall
rapidly as options for retirement income improved in the early 1960s.
Change was led by the expanding middle classes, emergent cohorts and
other groups at the forefront of social change but gaps between
generations and social positions appear to have narrowed over recent
decades. Adherence to the norm of filial support, however, remained
consistently strong over the years....The findings show the
adaptability of cultural beliefs concerning intergenerational exchange
and the influence of life-span progression, cohort succession, and
social structural change on those beliefs."
Correspondence:
Nihon University, Population Research Institute, 3-2 Misaki-cho
1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20576 Komlos,
John. Nutrition and economic development in the
eighteenth-century Habsburg monarchy: an anthropometric history.
ISBN 0-691-04257-8. LC 89-30637. 1989. xvii, 325 pp. Princeton
University Press: Princeton, New Jersey. In Eng.
The relationships
among food supply, nutrition, population growth, and industrialization
in eighteenth-century Europe are examined. Using as a model the
Hapsburg territories of Austria and Czechoslovakia, the author shows
the existence of a Malthusian crisis during the second half of the
eighteenth century. He suggests that the food shortages brought about
by accelerated population growth in the 1730s forced the government to
adopt reforms that opened the way to the industrial revolution.
Comparisons are made with the industrial revolution in Britain. The
author argues that the model can be applied to explain demographic and
economic growth in Europe as a whole. "The main feature of the model
is the interplay between a persistent, even if small, tendency to
accumulate capital and a population with an underlying tendency to grow
in numbers while remaining subject to Malthusian checks, particularly a
limited availability of food. According to Komlos, modern economic
growth in Europe began when the food constraint was finally
lifted."
Correspondence: Princeton University Press, 41
William Street, Princeton, NJ 08540. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20577 Speigner,
Wulfram; Winkler, Gunnar. How does our tree of life
grow? [Wie wachst unser Lebensbaum?] Okonomie Aktuell, ISBN
3-320-01181-2. LC 89-123940. 1988. 80 pp. Dietz: Berlin, German
Democratic Republic. In Ger.
The relationships between population
and socioeconomic development in the German Democratic Republic are
examined, and policy aspects are discussed. Sections are included on
population trends and economic strategies, the relationship between
population and labor resources, spatial distribution of the population
and economic production, population policy, health policy goals, the
effects of economic and social policy on the situation of the elderly,
and the question of whether population is a global
problem.
Correspondence: Dietz Verlag Berlin, Wallstrasse
76-79, Postfach 273, DDR-1020, Berlin, German Democratic Republic.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
56:20578 Torrey,
Barbara B.; Kingkade, W. Ward. Population dynamics of the
United States and the Soviet Union. Science, Vol. 247, No. 4950,
Mar 30, 1990. 1,548-52 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Future
population trends and their implications in the United States and the
USSR are analyzed and compared. "Since the 1970s, labor force growth
in both countries is slowing even more than population growth, and both
countries are aging. Economic effects of slowing growth can be
compensated for by increased participation in the labor force and
increased productivity and by adjustments in the military forces.
Economic flexibility and policy choices will determine how successfully
the trends to slower population growth will be
accommodated."
Correspondence: B. B. Torrey, U.S. Bureau of
the Census, Center for International Research, Washington, D.C. 20233.
Location: Princeton University Library (SQ).
56:20579
Ubaidullaeva, R. A.; Volkov, A. G.
Socio-demographic development: regional human resources in the
USSR. [Sotsial'no-demograficheskoe razvitie: trudoobespechennykh
raionov SSSR.] ISBN 5-02-013351-5. 1989. 205 pp. Nauka: Moscow, USSR.
In Rus.
This is a collection of articles by different authors on
development and human resources in the various regions of the USSR.
The first section, on socioeconomic aspects of population development,
contains articles on the availability and use of human resources; the
relationship between population dynamics and economic development;
marriage, family relations, and family size; women's professional and
domestic roles; and female labor force participation and fertility
levels. The second section, on projections of population, human
resources, and employment, presents articles on improving employment
planning and the use of resources; economic specialization;
occupational training; women, youth, and the aged in the labor force;
projecting employment by territory and economic sector; modeling the
demographic transition in developing countries; urbanization and life
expectancy; and employment in regions with rapid population
growth.
Correspondence: Nauka, ul. Profsojuznaja 90, 117495
Moscow, USSR. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
56:20580 Collomb,
Philippe. Demographic transition, transition in nutrition.
II. From the logic of population growth to the logic of demand for
food. [Transition demographique, transition alimentaire. II. De
la logique demographique a la logique alimentaire.] Population, Vol.
44, No. 4-5, Jul-Oct 1989. 777-807 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum.
in Eng; Spa.
This is the second of a two-part article on the
relationship between food supply and population in the developing
world. The estimation of the amount of cereals imported and its
relationship to demographic characteristics and development are
discussed. The author concludes that the consequences of population
growth vary according to the level of the birth rate, in that the lower
the birth rate the more cereals the country is able to import, whereas
countries with high birth rates are unable to increase food
imports.
For Part 1 of this article, also published in 1989, see
56:10607.
Correspondence: P. Collomb, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20581 Krishnaji,
N. Land and labour in India: the demographic factor.
Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 25, No. 18-19, May 5-12, 1990.
1,037-42 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
"This paper [first] discusses
the deteriorating land-man ratio in India and the manner in which
demographic factors induce changes in the distribution of land and
thereby in the ratio of agricultural labourers to cultivators and
[then] speculates on the shape of things to come during the next two or
three decades. The author focuses on inter-regional variations both in
population growth and agricultural development and also refers briefly
to the decisive role the state has played in promoting technological
change and exacerbating regional disparities in the productivity of
land which, along with the distribution of land, contributes
significantly to the relationship between land and
labour."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
56:20582 Nayar, K.
R. Environment and international worldviews: two steps
backward. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 25, No. 9, Mar 3,
1990. 457-62 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
"The global perspectives on
environment are influenced by a predominant worldview imbued with an
overriding concern for population growth in third world countries. The
Club of Rome has the distinction of spreading the awareness of doomsday
with puissant reports linking environmental issues with population
growth. This paper attempts to show the neo-Malthusianism inherent in
some global perspectives on environment and the reflection of these
perspectives on Indian policies and programmes."
Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
56:20583 Urquidi,
Victor L. Population and the environment. [Poblacion
y medio ambiente.] Salud Publica de Mexico, Vol. 31, No. 2, Mar-Apr
1989. 212-6 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"This paper discusses, on the basis of the Bruntland Report on
development and environment, the relationship between population and
development possibilities, and its consequences on natural and man made
resources. The author emphasizes the need to design development
policies in which the protection of the environment is a priority,
especially in Latin American countries."
Correspondence: V.
L. Urquidi, Colegio de Mexico, Centro de Estudios Demograficos y de
Desarrollo Urbano, Camino al Ajusco 20, Pedregal de Santa Teresa, 10740
Mexico DF, Mexico. Location: U.S. National Library of
Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
56:20584 Bowlby,
Sophie. Women, work and the family: control and
constraints. Geography, Vol. 76, Pt. 1, No. 326, Jan 1990. 17-26
pp. Sheffield, England. In Eng.
"This paper discusses the ways in
which women's access to paid work in Britain has been and still is
constrained by the lack of appropriate childcare provision. The first
section examines the development of the social and spatial separation
of home and paid work in the nineteenth century and its implications
for women. The second section examines the contemporary situation and
the potential contributions of geographical research to developing
better childcare policies. A central theme of both sections is the
importance of the interrelated constraints of time, space and social
beliefs in shaping women's access to childcare and the level of their
participation in paid work."
Correspondence: S. Bowlby,
University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire RG6 2AH, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
56:20585 Burr,
Jeffrey A.; Galle, Omer R.; Fossett, Mark A. The
retrospective construction of metropolitan areas for longitudinal
analysis: an application to racial occupational inequality. Texas
Population Research Center Papers, Series 11: 1989, No. 11.07, 1989.
17, [7] pp. University of Texas, Texas Population Research Center:
Austin, Texas. In Eng.
"We analyze a theoretical model of racial
occupational inequality using alternative boundary definitions for
southern metropolitan areas [in the United States]. These include both
'fixed' and 'decade-specific' metropolitan boundary definitions. The
findings show remarkable consistency among the statistical results
across the two types of definitions. Our analysis suggests that
defining Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas according to a
specified time point and moving back in time can yield important
benefits to the researcher, including larger sample sizes with
increased statistical power."
Correspondence: University of
Texas, Texas Population Research Center, Main 1800, Austin, TX 78712.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20586 Charmes,
Jacques. Two studies on employment in the Arab world.
[Deux etudes sur l'emploi dans le monde arabe.] Les Dossiers du CEPED,
No. 11, ISBN 2-87762-012-3. Feb 1990. 37 pp. Centre Francais sur la
Population et le Developpement [CEPED]: Paris, France. In Fre. with
sum. in Eng.
This publication contains two papers by the same
author. "A first paper entitled 'Employment and unemployment in
Tunisia, methodological and conceptual prerequisites to a chronological
and comparative use of sources' deals with the comparability of labour
force statistics in different data collection operations carried out at
different times in Tunisia. Variations in definitions and concepts
used are studied--especially the measure of women's activity--and their
incidence on activity and unemployment rates is measured. In the
second paper, entitled 'Comparative analysis of informal employment in
the Maghreb countries and in Egypt'...coherent and comparative data on
informal employment [are presented and an attempt is made] to analyse
their variations from one country to
another."
Correspondence: CEPED, 15 rue de l'Ecole de
Medecine, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20587 Clark,
Robert L.; Anker, Richard. Labour force participation
rates of older persons: an international comparison. Population
and Labour Policies Programme Working Paper, No. 171, ISBN
92-2-107394-7. Dec 1989. 63 pp. International Labour Office [ILO]:
Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng.
"This study reports the findings of an
analysis of labour force participation of older persons across nations
in 1980. Patterns in labour force participation rates for males and
females for age groups 55 to 59, 60 to 64, and 65 and over are
analyzed....The next section...reviews previous retirement studies and
outlines a model of the retirement decision that identifies the primary
factors influencing the labour supply of older persons. This discussion
forms the framework for the analysis of retirement patterns estimated
in this paper....National labour force participation rates of older men
and women [are presented and compared] by level of per capita income
and geographical region....Findings from our econometric estimation of
labour force participation equations for men and women [are
included]....The final section considers the importance of these
findings for understanding world-wide patterns of labour supply of
older persons." Data are from the International Labour Office, the
World Bank, and the United Nations.
Correspondence: ILO
Publications, International Labour Office, 4 route des Morillons,
CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:20588 Clark,
Robert L.; Anker, Richard. Labour force participation
rates of older persons: an international comparison.
International Labour Review, Vol. 129, No. 2, 1990. 255-71 pp. Geneva,
Switzerland. In Eng.
"This article investigates the labour force
participation rates of older men and women around the world on the
basis of data covering 151 countries. It analyses how these rates are
related to a number of economic, demographic and policy variables. The
authors find that the well-known decline in participation rates of
older persons that accompanies economic development can be traced, to a
large extent, to increasing income levels and structural changes in
employment associated with increasing urbanisation and non-farm
activity. Also found to be important in reducing participation rates
of older persons are social security programmes and (for older men
only) the ratio of older persons to persons of standard working
age."
Correspondence: R. L. Clark, North Carolina State
University, Department of Economics and Business, NCSU POB 7505,
Raleigh, NC 27650. Location: Princeton University Library
(UN).
56:20589 Crispell,
Diane. Workers in 2000. American Demographics, Vol.
12, No. 3, Mar 1990. 36-40 pp. Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
Future
trends in labor force participation in the United States and the types
of occupations that will be available in the year 2000 are projected
using data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics for
1989.
Correspondence: D. Crispell, American Demographics,
108 North Cayuga Street, Ithaca, NY 14805. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20590 Dutta,
Bhaskar; Gang, Ira N.; Gangopadhyay, Shubhashis. Subsidy
policies with capital accumulation: maintaining employment
levels. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 2, No. 4, Dec 1989.
301-18 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany, Federal Republic of. In
Eng.
"We study a dual economy model of growth and unemployment in
the presence of Harris-Todaro type labor migration. The model is a
discrete time model of economic growth with given population but
endogenous migration of labor. The economy tries to reach
'development' in the quickest possible time while not allowing
unemployment to rise above a 'socially acceptable' level. We
characterize situations under which maximizing the accumulation of
capital in each period is optimal. We also study how particular taxes
and subsidies affect unemployment and capital accumulation. Finally,
we show that a higher initial capital stock does not necessarily mean a
quicker attainment of self-sustained full employment." The
geographical focus is on developing
countries.
Correspondence: B. Dutta, Indian Statistical
Institute, Delhi Centre 7, S.J.S. Sansanwal Marg, New Delhi 110 016,
India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20591 Falcon,
Luis M.; Gurak, Douglas T.; Powers, Mary G. Labor force
participation of Puerto Rican women in greater New York City.
Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 74, No. 2, Jan 1990. 110-7 pp. Los
Angeles, California. In Eng.
Labor force behavior of Puerto Rican
women in the New York area is analyzed using data from the 1985 New
York Fertility, Employment and Migration study. "This paper focuses on
how the labor force behavior of Puerto Rican women relates to nativity,
and to major correlates of nativity such as age, education, and use of
the English language. In addition, the effects of family and household
characteristics--such as presence of children at home and female
headship--on labor force behavior are
examined."
Correspondence: L. M. Falcon, Northeastern
University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
56:20592 Hansen,
Bent. Unemployment, migration, and wages in Turkey,
1962-85. Policy, Planning, and Research Working Paper, No. WPS
230, Jul 1989. iii, 74 pp. World Bank: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The
author analyzes the status and development of Turkey's labor market
since 1962. He concludes that "the long upward trend in unemployment
in Turkey is partly a matter of the voluntary unemployment of a
better-educated population of youth, and partly a matter of involuntary
unemployment related to the stabilization
program."
Correspondence: World Bank, 1818 H Street NW,
Washington, D.C. 20433. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund
Library, Washington, D.C.
56:20593 Hart, Peter
E. Types of structural unemployment in the United
Kingdom. International Labour Review, Vol. 129, No. 2, 1990.
213-28 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng.
The author assesses the
importance of each classification of "structural unemployment, namely
technological, mismatch of skills, geographical mismatch, demographic
shifts, institutional rigidities, 'unemployability', and
capital-restructuring unemployment." in the United Kingdom. He also
reviews recent evidence on regional wage differential adjustments and
their impact on the disequilibrium within the British labor
market.
Correspondence: P. E. Hart, University of Reading,
Reading, Berkshire RG6 2AH, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (UN).
56:20594 Hill, M.
Anne. Intercohort differences in women's labor market
transitions. American Economic Review, Vol. 80, No. 2, May 1990.
289-92 pp. Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
"This paper analyzes the
extent to which the labor force behavior of recent cohorts of women [in
the United States] has actually changed by comparing the early labor
force experience of women who were between the ages 16 and 21 in 1968,
with those between the ages 16 and 21 in 1979. Eight-year samples from
the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women and Youth form the
data base for this research. For comparability, the NLS-Young Women
are followed from 1968 through 1975, while the NLS-Youth include
observations from the period 1979 through
1986."
Correspondence: M. A. Hill, City University of New
York, Department of Economics, Queens College, Flushing, NY 11367.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
56:20595 Hoem,
Britta. Employment during the child-rearing years among
Swedish women born 1936-1950. [Sysselsattningen under
familjebildningsfasen bland svenska kvinnor fodda 1936-50.] Stockholm
Research Reports in Demography, No. 58, ISBN 91-7820-045-8. Dec 1989.
61 pp. University of Stockholm, Section of Demography: Stockholm,
Sweden. In Swe.
This is a report on how women in Sweden divide
their time between paid work in the labor force and unpaid work in the
home during the years when they have small children. Data are from the
1981 Swedish Fertility Survey for women in the three oldest five-year
age groups. The author considers the relative significance of age,
education, type of employment, and marital
status.
Correspondence: University of Stockholm, Section of
Demography, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20596 Jones,
Rose. The politics of reproductive biology: exclusionary
policies in the United States. In: Births and power: social
change and the politics of reproduction, edited by W. Penn Handwerker.
1990. 39-51 pp. Westview Press: Boulder, Colorado/London, England. In
Eng.
"This chapter examines a newly emerging, yet familiar form of
sexual discrimination and labor exploitation in the United States--the
exclusion of women from male-dominated occupations based on
reproductive issues." The exclusionary policies of several U.S.
industries are described, with a focus on economic, political, and
legal considerations. The history of such policies in the United States
is briefly outlined, and implications for the future are
discussed.
Correspondence: R. Jones, Southern Methodist
University, Department of Anthropology, Dallas, TX 75275.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20597 Klerman,
Jacob A.; Leibowitz, Arleen. Child care and women's return
to work after childbirth. American Economic Review, Vol. 80, No.
2, May 1990. 284-8 pp. Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
The author
examines the effects of child-care costs on women's return to work
after childbirth in the United States. "We briefly discuss a model of
women's return to work and our implementation of that model using data
from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLS-Y). Empirical
estimates of the effect of child care costs on return to work after
childbirth follow."
Correspondence: J. A. Klerman, Rand
Corporation, Economics and Statistics Department, 1700 Main Street,
Santa Monica, CA 90406-2138. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
56:20598 Light,
Audrey; Ureta, Manuelita. Gender differences in wages and
job turnover among continuously employed workers. American
Economic Review, Vol. 80, No. 2, May 1990. 293-7 pp. Nashville,
Tennessee. In Eng.
"The purpose of this paper is to determine
whether a significant number of [U.S.] women work continuously during
their early careers, which women are likely to do so, and how these
women compare to men in terms of their interfirm mobility and earnings.
The data are from the young men and young women cohorts of the
National Longitudinal Surveys of Labor Market Experience
(NLS)....Continuous employment is by no means the norm among young
women, but it appears to be a growing trend....In comparing starting
wages of men and women, we find that the wage gap is less pronounced
among continuously employed workers than among the full sample in
almost every race-cohort-schooling group, and the gap is narrowing far
more rapidly among the continuously
employed."
Correspondence: A. Light, State University of
New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
56:20599 Morozova,
Galina F. Is there an extra labor force in Central
Asia? [Trudoizbytochna li srednyaya Aziya?] Sotsiologicheskie
Issledovaniya, No. 6, 1989. 74-9 pp. Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
The
author challenges the widely held conception that there is a largely
untapped source of additional labor in the Central Asian republics of
the USSR. She suggests that this apparent surplus of labor is
primarily due to past years of mismanagement and that as development
proceeds more efficiently, the available labor supply will be absorbed
locally. Ways to employ the labor force effectively are
outlined.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
56:20600 Plewes,
Thomas J. Labor force data in the next century.
Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 113, No. 4, Apr 1990. 3-8 pp. Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
The author, a manager at the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics, speculates on possible enhancements in labor force data
collection, analysis, and dissemination to the year 2015. The
expansion of both household and establishment surveys and greater use
of administrative data are considered.
Correspondence: T.
J. Plewes, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Employment and
Unemployment Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212. Location:
Princeton University Library (Docs).
56:20601 Schultz, T.
Paul. Women's changing participation in the labor force:
a world perspective. Economic Development and Cultural Change,
Vol. 38, No. 3, Apr 1990. 457-88 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
"This article assesses patterns in women's labor force
participation and the composition of this participation among wage
earners, self-employed, and unpaid family workers....[It] considers
whether recent trends in women's labor-force participation and the type
of jobs held are explained by the intersectoral shifts in the
distribution of employment or by trends within these sectors." The
data are from official labor force statistics reported by some 60
countries around the world.
Correspondence: T. P. Schultz,
Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPIA).
