56:20107 Behrman,
Jere R.; Sickles, Robin C.; Taubman, Paul. Age-specific
death rates with tobacco smoking and occupational activity:
sensitivity to sample length, functional form, and unobserved
frailty. Demography, Vol. 27, No. 2, May 1990. 267-84 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors investigate possible problems
found in studies of mortality. "In this article, we estimate
accelerated time-to-failure and proportional-hazard functions with
about 100,000 members of the Dorn sample [a survey of U.S. veterans],
finding greater hazards associated with smoking and some dependence on
occupational variables that measure risk and physical activity. We
answer three questions: (1) How sensitive are the estimates to sample
length, using monthly data for the periods 1954-1969 and
1954-1980?...(2) How sensitive are the estimates to alternative
functions for the hazard?...(3) How sensitive are the estimates to
alternative controls for unobserved frailty?"
This is a revised
version of a paper originally presented at the 1987 Annual Meeting of
the Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 53,
No. 3, Fall 1987, p. 388).
Correspondence: J. R. Behrman,
University of Pennsylvania, Department of Economics, 3718 Locust Walk,
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6297. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:20108 Brandstrom,
Anders; Brostrom, Goran. Life-histories for
nineteenth-century Swedish hospital patients: chances of survival.
Journal of Family History, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1989. 195-209 pp. Greenwich,
Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
"The life histories of
nineteenth-century Swedish hospital patients challenge the notion that
hospitals were mainly occupied with the 'industrious poor,' and gives
some support to the idea that hospitals were 'death-traps.' The latter
idea is reviewed through an examination of the treatment of various
diseases and of the life expectancies after dismissal in comparison
with the life expectancies of people who never had to enter a hospital.
The study underlines the importance of looking closely at the diseases
patients suffered when we undertake to evaluate the role of
nineteenth-century hospitals."
Correspondence: B.
Brandstrom, Umea University, Department of Historical Demography, S-901
87 Umea, Sweden. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20109 Bulatao,
Rodolfo A.; Bos, Eduard; Stephens, Patience W.; Vu, My T.
Projectiong mortality for all countries. Policy, Planning, and
Research Working Paper, No. WPS 337, Dec 1989. 30 pp. World Bank,
Population and Human Resources Department: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
New procedures to be used by the World Bank for projecting
mortality in individual countries are outlined. "These procedures
involve calculating rates of change for and separately projecting male
and female life expectancy and infant mortality and then selecting
appropriate model life tables....Changes from previous mortality
projections resulting from these new procedures are mostly modest.
Projected life expectancies generally stay within a few percentage
points of older projections. Infant mortality and crude death rates
vary somewhat more. Projected population is affected only slightly; a
2 percent change is close to the maximum
effect."
Correspondence: World Bank, 1818 H Street NW,
Washington, D.C. 20433. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund
Library, Washington, D.C.
56:20110 Calot,
Gerard; Caselli, Graziella. Mortality in China according
to the census of 1982: an analysis by sex and age at national and
provincial levels. [La mortalite en Chine d'apres le recensement
de 1982: analyse selon le sexe et l'age au niveau national et
provincial.] Population, Vol. 44, No. 4-5, Jul-Oct 1989. 841-72 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"The Chinese Census
taken on July 1st, 1982, which included a question on the number of
deaths in 1981, makes it possible to establish life tables of
satisfactory quality, at national and provincial levels. Life
expectancy at birth reaches 68.0 years (66.5 and 69.4 years
respectively for males and females) for total China, [with] urban
regions--where...excess male mortality is larger--showing a greater
longevity than rural areas. Differences between provinces in life
expectancy at birth are essentially due to differences in infant and
juvenile mortality. The very high mortality that prevailed in 1958-61
is assessed at the national level."
Correspondence: G.
Calot, Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur,
75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:20111 Calot,
Gerard; Caselli, Graziella. Mortality in China according
to the 1982 census. [La mortalite en Chine d'apres le recensement
de 1982.] INED Dossiers et Recherches, No. 16, Jun 1988. 70; 110 pp.
Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng.
This study, which is in two parts, is
concerned with recent trends in mortality in China. In the first
volume, three methods are presented for developing life tables for
China and its provinces using data from the 1982 census. The authors
also analyze mortality differentials by age, sex, and province. The
results suggest that life expectancy in China in 1981 was about 68, or
66.5 for males and 69.4 for females. Regional differences indicate
higher life expectancies in the eastern provinces, especially the more
highly urbanized and industrialized coastal provinces. Attention is
given to the causes of excess female mortality at ages one to four and
to the demographic impact of such past events as the Great Leap Forward
around 1960. The second volume presents life tables for China and 28
of its provinces.
This is an expanded version of the article
published by Calot and Caselli in 1989, which is cited elsewhere in
this issue.
Correspondence: INED, 27 rue du Commandeur,
75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:20112 Dzienio,
Kazimierz; Drzewieniecka, Krystyna. Mortality changes in
Poland. [Zmiany umieralnosci ludnosci Polski.] Wiadomosci
Statystyczne, Vol. 34, No. 1, Jul 1989. 13-8 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In
Pol.
The authors analyze the increase in mortality rates that has
been observed since the 1970s in Poland, especially among men in the
20-39 age group. The causes of this phenomenon are considered,
particularly the illnessess associated with developed countries.
Mortality and morbidity differentials by administrative regions are
explored.
Correspondence: K. Dzienio, Centralny Urzad
Planowania, Warsaw, Poland. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:20113 Ekonomov,
A. L.; Yarygin, V. N. The age-related dynamics of
mortality and the Gompertz-Makeham law. [Vozrastnaya dinamika
smertnosti i zakon Gompertsa-Meikema.] Zhurnal Obshchei Biologii, Vol.
50, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1989. 236-43 pp. Moscow, USSR. In Rus. with sum. in
Eng.
Data concerning the white population of the 48 contiguous U.S.
states for the period 1969-1971 are used to demonstrate that "the real
age dynamics of human mortality may differ significantly both from the
Gompertz law and from the Gompertz-Makeham
law."
Correspondence: A. L. Ekonomov, Second Moscow Medical
Institute, Moscow, USSR. Location: U.S. National Library of
Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
56:20114 Gomez,
Luis; Ruiz Salguero, Magda. Surveys on the production of
information for the analysis of mortality (the Colombian
experience). [Las encuestas en la produccion de informacion para
el analisis de la mortalidad (la experiencia colombiana).] Boletin de
Estadistica, No. 425, Aug 1988. 189-219 pp. Bogota, Colombia. In Spa.
The various indirect methods that have been developed by Brass and
others for the analysis of mortality in countries with deficient vital
statistics are described. The authors discuss how these and other
methods have been used to study mortality in Colombia since 1960 using
data from a number of surveys.
Location: U.N. Centro
Latinoamericano de Demografia, Santiago, Chile.
56:20115 Haines,
Michael R. The mortality decline and working
conditions. [Declin de la mortalite et conditions de travail.]
Annales de Demographie Historique, 1989. 139-56 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The relationship between the decline in
mortality in the developed world and working conditions is examined.
The author notes that much of the improvement in mortality that has
occurred has been made possible "from the increased productivity
resulting from industrialization and modern economic growth, but these
processes, along with accompanying urbanization, have also brought with
them occupational and environmental hazards. Such hazards have often
retarded the reduction in death rates for both workers and their
families and have also created new differentials in death rates.
Mortality statistics by age, sex, cause, and occupation (or social
class), as well as a variety of sources dealing with occupational
medicine and environment, can assist in the understanding of the
interaction of the conditions of work and
mortality."
Correspondence: M. R. Haines, Wayne State
University, Department of Economics, Detroit, MI 48202.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20116 Kabir, M.;
Uddin, M. Mosleh. Mortality level in Bangladesh: is it
declining? Asian Profile, Vol. 17, No. 1, Feb 1989. 75-90 pp. Hong
Kong. In Eng.
The authors examine mortality trends in Bangladesh,
with an emphasis on infant and child mortality. Age-specific death
rates by sex and age for the years 1964, 1974, and 1977 are presented.
Differences in rural and urban child mortality levels are attributed to
variations in socioeconomic characteristics such as education,
literacy, income, and housing conditions, as well as the availability
of and access to health services. Data are from national
surveys.
Correspondence: M. Kabir, Jahangirnager
University, Department of Statistics, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Location: Princeton University Library (Gest).
56:20117 Perrenoud,
Alfred. The reduction of crises and mortality
decline. [Attenuation des crises et declin de la mortalite.]
Annales de Demographie Historique, 1989. 13-29 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng.
Factors affecting the decline of mortality
that occurred in Europe before the time of the Pasteurs are examined.
The hypothesis is developed that the decline reflects a change in
general mortality rather than a decline in crisis mortality. This
change was not linear and occurred in stages that are comparable among
countries. In the absence of identifiable socioeconomic factors, the
author associates climatic changes (specifically, cooling trends) with
the reduction in mortality.
Correspondence: A. Perrenoud, 9
rue Virginio Malnati, 1217 Meyrin-Geneva, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20118 Rao,
Madhusudana N. On "Weather and human mortality" by
Kalkstein and Davis. Annals of the Association of American
Geographers, Vol. 80, No. 2, Jun 1990. 295-9 pp. Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
The author critically examines an article by L. S. Kalkstein
and R. E. Davis concerning the effects of weather on human mortality.
He contends that they have failed to take note of many related earlier
studies. A reply by Kalkstein and Davis is included (pp.
297-9).
For the article by Kalkstein and Davis, published in 1989,
see 55:20133.
Correspondence: M. N. Rao, Bridgewater State
College, Department of Earth Sciences and Geography, Bridgewater, MA
02325. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
56:20119 Rodriguez
Grajera, Alfonso. The mortality crisis in the High
Extremadura during the seventeenth century. [Las crisis de
mortalidad en la Alta Extremadura durante el siglo XVII.] Boletin de la
Asociacion de Demografia Historica, Vol. 7, No. 3, 1989. 37-54 pp.
Madrid, Spain. In Spa.
The author analyzes the mortality crisis
that occurred in the High Extremadura region of Spain in the
seventeenth century. Aspects considered include the extent of deaths
due to the plague and other causes, territorial limits, intensity, and
impact on population development. The relative effects of trends in
fertility, migration, and unemployment are
discussed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20120 United
States. Centers for Disease Control [CDC] (Atlanta, Georgia).
Mortality in developed countries. Morbidity and Mortality
Weekly Report, Vol. 39, No. 13, Apr 6, 1990. 205-9 pp. Atlanta,
Georgia. In Eng.
"This report compares mortality data for the
latest year available (ranging from 1984 through 1987) among 33 North
American, European, and other selected developed countries....These
countries have a combined population of approximately 1.2 billion, or
one quarter of the estimated world total in 1986. Death rates are
standardized for age but not for race/ethnicity or
sex."
Correspondence: Centers for Disease Control, Public
Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, 1600 Clifton
Road, Atlanta, GA 30333. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:20121 United
States. Centers for Disease Control [CDC] (Atlanta, Georgia).
Mortality patterns--United States, 1987. Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 39, No. 12, Mar 30, 1990. 193-201 pp.
Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
U.S. mortality trends in 1987 are
analyzed using data from death certificates compiled by the National
Center for Health Statistics. Information is provided on main causes of
death by sex and race and on notifiable
diseases.
Correspondence: Centers for Disease Control,
Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, 1600
Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20122 Vallin,
Jacques. Mortality in Europe from 1720 to 1914: long-term
trends and changes in sex and age structure. [La mortalite en
Europe de 1720 a 1914: tendances a long terme et changements de
structure par sexe et par age.] Annales de Demographie Historique,
1989. 31-54 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
Long-term
trends in mortality from 1720 to 1914 are examined for Scandinavia,
England, France, and Italy. The author examines mortality
differentials in England and in France and considers the data
reconstruction methods and their possible effects on these differences.
Trends and differences in age- and sex-specific mortality among the
countries concerned are also described.
Correspondence: J.
Vallin, Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du
Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20123 Boklage,
Charles E. Survival probability of human conceptions from
fertilization to term. International Journal of Fertility, Vol.
35, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1990. 75-94 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The
author presents a model to estimate human conceptus survival
probability. "After simple adjustments for varying methods, existing
data show that at least 73% of natural single conceptions have no real
chance of surviving 6 weeks of gestation. Of the remainder, about 90%
will survive to term....Multiple pregnancies may constitute more than
12% of all natural conceptions, of which number about 2% survive to
term as twins and about 12% result in single births. In all of these
situations, simple equations for exponential decay in a mixture of two
populations can accurately describe the distribution of those deaths in
time." Data are from published sources.
Correspondence: C.
E. Boklage, East Carolina University, School of Medicine, Genetics
Program, Greenville, NC 27858-4354. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20124 Casterline,
John B. Maternal age, gravidity, and pregnancy spacing
effects on spontaneous fetal mortality. Social Biology, Vol. 36,
No. 3-4, Fall-Winter 1989. 186-212 pp. Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
"Differentials in the probability of pregnancy loss are examined
using pregnancy history data from eight WFS surveys in developing
countries. Multiple logistic regression equations are estimated. The
probability of loss varies substantially over the reproductive career.
Both higher-order pregnancies and those conceived at older ages are
more likely to terminate in loss. Maternal age differentials are more
pronounced for lower-order pregnancies. First and second pregnancies
conceived over age thirty suffer especially high levels of loss.
Pregnancies conceived relatively soon after the termination of the
previous pregnancy are more likely to be lost, as are pregnancies
conceived after long intervals. Risk of loss is higher for women
previously experiencing loss, and the effect persists beyond the
pregnancy following the loss."
Correspondence: J. B.
Casterline, Brown University, Department of Sociology, Providence, RI
02912. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20125 Corman,
Hope; Grossman, Michael; Joyce, Theodore J. Demographic
analysis of birthweight-specific neonatal mortality. NBER Working
Paper Series, No. 2804, Dec 1988. 24 pp. National Bureau of Economic
Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This paper
explores the determinants of birthweight-specific neonatal mortality
rates across states in the U.S. in 1980. We are able to explore the
interactions between the determinants and birthweight because of the
new data available through the National Infant Mortality Surveillance
(NIMS). The NIMS links birth and death certificates for each state,
resulting in a data base with race-specific neonatal mortality rates by
birthweight, and other characteristics. Using a reduced-form model, we
find abortion and neonatal intensive care availability to be the most
important determinants of overall neonatal mortality....Our results
suggest that neonatal mortality rates could be lowered by policies that
reduce the inequality in these health resources across
states."
Correspondence: NBER, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge, MA 02138. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:20126 Pinnelli,
Antonella; Cislaghi, Cesare; Cataldi, Gianfranco. A
provincial analysis of fetal and infant mortality in Italy:
1974-1986. [Un'analisi provinciale della mortalita feto-infantile
in Italia: 1974-1986.] Rivista Italiana di Economia, Demografia e
Statistica, Vol. 42, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1988. 79-105 pp. Rome, Italy. In
Ita.
The authors analyze changes in fetal, neonatal, and infant
mortality in Italy between 1974 and 1986. Fetal death and mortality
during and after the first week are examined by province and
region.
Correspondence: A. Pinnelli, Universita di Roma La
Sapienza, Dipartimento di Scienze Demografiche, Via Nomentana 41, 0016
Rome, Italy. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20127 Somchiwong,
Malinee. Trends in perinatal mortality attributed to
congenital malformations in England and Wales during 1974-81: a study
of the variations among regional health authority areas. Journal
of Biosocial Science, Vol. 22, No. 2, Apr 1990. 159-72 pp. Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
"This study was carried out to analyse trends in
perinatal mortality attributed to congenital malformations in England
and Wales during the 8 years 1974-81 and to identify some of the
possible causes of the trends." Data are from birth and death
registers and reveal "regional variations in the reduction in the
perinatal mortality rates attributed to congenital malformations, with
considerably larger percentage declines in most of the regions with the
highest mortality rates."
Correspondence: M. Somchiwong,
Khon Kaen University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of
Biostatistics and Demography, 123 Friendship Highway, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20128
Al-Khorazaty, Nabil. Levels and trends of infant
and childhood mortality in selected Arab countries. In: Infant and
Childhood Mortality in Western Asia. Pub. Order No. E/ESCWA/SD/89/10.
Dec 1989. 3-89 pp. U.N. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
[ESCWA], Social Development, Population and Human Settlements Division:
Baghdad, Iraq. In Eng.
Patterns and trends of infant mortality in
the Arab countries of Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Syria, and the
United Arab Emirates are examined. "Vital registration statistics
[from 1955 to the present] are evaluated in relation to completeness of
infant and childhood mortality data. The purpose of this study is thus
twofold: (1) to review the scattered and fragmented literature on
estimates of infant and childhood mortality for the six Arab countries;
and (2) to derive overlapping mortality measures, calculated using
several data sources, in order to provide a basis for assessing the
relative reliability of these sources and of vital registration
systems."
Correspondence: N. Al-Khorazaty, Cairo
University, Cairo, Egypt. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:20129 Beenstock,
Michael; Sturdy, Patricia. The determinants of infant
mortality in regional India. World Development, Vol. 18, No. 3,
Mar 1990. 443-53 pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Factor analysis is used to estimate a model in which infant
mortality across Indian states is explained by socioeconomic variables.
Twelve such variables are condensed into four factors which are
statistically significant. The resulting model implies that all but
one of these variables affect infant mortality in the way one would
normally expect. We also test for sex bias in infant mortality as well
as regional biases. The statistical performance of linear and
logistical models is compared."
Correspondence: M.
Beenstock, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem,
Israel. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
56:20130 Bourne, D.
E.; Rip, M. R.; Woods, D. L. The spatial variation of
mortality among children under 5 years of age in South Africa.
South African Medical Journal/Suid Afrikaanse Mediese Tydskrif, Vol.
75, No. 12, Jun 17, 1989. 565-70 pp. Pinelands, South Africa. In Eng.
Child mortality rates for ages one to four and under five are
presented for the statistical regions of South Africa for the white and
Coloured populations. The results show that there are significant
geographical differences in child mortality and that mortality rates
are particularly high in rural areas.
Correspondence: D. E.
Bourne, University of Cape Town, Department of Community Health,
Private Bag, Rondesboch 7700, Cape Town, South Africa.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
56:20131 Chackiel,
Juan; Gough, Hew. Errors and biases in procedures for
estimation of infant mortality from survival of the last-born
child. In: International Population Conference/Congres
International de la Population, New Delhi, September/septembre 20-27,
1989. Vol. 2, 1989. 113-27 pp. International Union for the Scientific
Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
Errors and
biases in infant mortality estimation procedures based on the survival
of the last-born child are examined. Specifically, two methods are
analyzed: the first utilizing data on the survival of the last-born
child from censuses and surveys, and the second using data concerning
the survival of the preceding birth collected from health and maternity
clinics. The methods are tested using data from the 1986 Demographic
and Health Survey of the Dominican
Republic.
Correspondence: J. Chackiel, CELADE, Avenida Dag
Hammarskjold, Casilla 91, Santiago, Chile. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20132 Collins,
James W.; David, Richard J. The differential effect of
traditional risk factors on infant birthweight among blacks and whites
in Chicago. American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 80, No. 6, Jun
1990. 679-81 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Despite the dramatic
improvements in perinatal care during the past 30 years, Black infants
are twice as likely as White infants to die during their first month of
life. This is primarily related to the high incidence of low
birthweight (<2500 grams) infants among Black mothers." In this study,
the authors analyze "103,072 White and Black births in Chicago from the
1982 and 1983 Illinois vital records, using 1980 median family income
of mother's census tract as an ecologic variable. Thirty-one percent
of Blacks and 4 percent of Whites resided in census tracts with median
family incomes [less than or equal to] $10,000/year. Only 2 percent of
Black mothers, compared to 16 percent of White mothers, lived in areas
where the median family income was greater than
$25,000/year....Independent of residential area, low-risk Whites had
half the occurrence of LBW [low birth weight] infants as Blacks. We
conclude that the extremes of residential environments show dramatic
racial disparity in prevalence, yet the few low-risk Blacks still do
less well than low-risk Whites. Traditional risk factors do not
completely explain racial differences in neonatal
outcome."
Correspondence: J. W. Collins, Northwestern
University, Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Evanston, IL
60201. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
56:20133
Creighton-Zollar, Ann. Infant mortality by
socioeconomic status and race in Richmond, Virginia 1979-1981: a
research note. Sociological Spectrum, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1990. 133-42
pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"In this study an ecological
approach, in which the census tract of the mother's usual residence is
the basic unit of analysis, is used to study the general association
between infant mortality and socioeconomic status for the total white
and black population of Richmond, Virginia 1979-1981. The analysis
reveals that for the total black and white populations of the city, the
traditional, inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and
infant mortality exists. For the city's black population, on the other
hand, there does not appear to be any relationship between the economic
or family life characteristics of census tract populations and their
level of infant mortality."
Correspondence: A.
Creighton-Zollar, Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of
Sociology/Anthropology, Afro-American Studies Program, Box 2040,
Richmond, VA 23284. Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
56:20134 Fernandez
Castilla, Regelio E. The effects of maternal age, birth
order and birth spacing on indirect estimation of child mortality.
In: International Population Conference/Congres International de la
Population, New Delhi, September/septembre 20-27, 1989. Vol. 2, 1989.
65-86 pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of Population
[IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
The author examines indirect
estimation techniques that use data on fertility, maternal age, and
birth intervals to estimate child mortality. The primary example uses
data for Peru, with some limited data provided for Bolivia, Guatemala,
and Brazil.
Correspondence: R. E. Fernandez Castilla,
CEDEPLAR, Rua Curitiba 832, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20135 Hill, Allan
G.; David, Patricia H. Measuring childhood mortality in
the third world: neglected sources and novel approaches. In:
International Population Conference/Congres International de la
Population, New Delhi, September/septembre 20-27, 1989. Vol. 2, 1989.
33-45 pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of Population
[IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
The authors review two new
approaches to measuring childhood mortality in developing countries.
"One of them requires the more imaginative use of data collected by the
health services in order to measure recent childhood mortality....An
alternative approach relies more heavily on the identification of
significant trends in the 'process' indicators or 'proximate
determinants' of mortality rather than outcome measures such as death
rates themselves. This second approach is in its infancy, so only a
few remarks are possible at present." The methods are applied to data
on child mortality for Peru and Jordan.
Correspondence: A.
G. Hill, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Center for
Population Studies, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20136 Hill,
Kenneth; Pebley, Anne R. Child mortality in the developing
world. Population and Development Review, Vol. 15, No. 4, Dec
1989. 657-87, 791, 793 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Spa.
"This article reexamines an important and controversial
issue relating to the effect of current economic conditions and public
health programs on trends in child mortality in the developing
world....The authors find little basis for the conclusion that the pace
of mortality decline has slowed in general. On the other hand, the
effects of declining rates of economic growth and of
structural-adjustment policies on mortality, if they occur, take more
time to become apparent. In addition, there is little evidence to
support the notion that public health interventions merely change the
causes or delay the occurrence of child deaths rather than actually
prevent them."
Correspondence: K. Hill, Johns Hopkins
University, Department of Population Dynamics, Baltimore, MD 21205.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20137 Hill,
Kenneth. Socio-economic differentials in child mortality:
the case of Jordan. In: Infant and Childhood Mortality in Western
Asia. Pub. Order No. E/ESCWA/SD/89/10. Dec 1989. 91-124 pp. U.N.
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia [ESCWA], Social
Development, Population and Human Settlements Division: Baghdad, Iraq.
In Eng.
"This study of socio-economic differentials in childhood
mortality in Jordan is one of a series of such studies using similar
data and analytical methods carried out under the auspices of the
United Nations Population Division and covering countries from all
regions of the developing world. The objective...is to identify
categories of children at high risk of child mortality, to investigate
patterns of differentials in childhood mortality in diverse national
contexts, and to see how such patterns are changing over time....Data
for Jordan [are] from two broadly similar household surveys, conducted
respectively in 1976 and 1981...." Results indicate the existence of
substantial child mortality differentials by urban or rural residence
and parental education.
Correspondence: K. Hill, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20138
Honggokoesoemo, S. The evolution of infant
mortality in Belgium from 1900 to 1981 in three postnatal periods.
[De evolutie van de zuigelingensterfte in Belgie, van 1900 tot 1981
naar de 3 postnatale perioden.] Archives Belges de Medecine Sociale,
Hygiene, Medecine du Travail, Medecine Legale, Vol. 46, No. 5-6, 1988.
268-83 pp. Brussels, Belgium. In Dut. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
Trends
in infant mortality in Belgium over the period 1900-1981 are analyzed.
Separate consideration is given to mortality in the first day after
birth, early and late neonatal mortality, and postneonatal mortality.
Comparisons are made with other developed
countries.
Correspondence: S. Honggokoesoemo, Katholieke
Universiteit te Leuven, Fakulteit Geneeskunde, School voor
Maatschappelijke Gezondheidszorg, Afdeling Gezondheidsecologie,
Louvain, Belgium. Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, MD.
56:20139 Jimenez
Ornelas, Rene. Marginality and infant mortality.
[Marginalidad y mortalidad infantil.] Revista Mexicana de Sociologia,
Vol. 50, No. 4, Oct-Dec 1988. 171-85 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa.
This study is concerned with differentials in infant and child
mortality among low-income urban groups in Mexico. Mortality
differentials within and among marginal socioeconomic groups in suburbs
of Mexico City and Leon are analyzed and compared using data collected
in interviews in 1980 and 1983. The results indicate that the health
benefits associated with modernization, such as improved sanitation,
can sometimes be offset by their negative impact on mortality, such as
industrial accidents and environmental pollution.
Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
56:20140 Koenig,
Michael A.; Phillips, James F.; Campbell, Oona M.; D'Souza,
Stan. Birth intervals and childhood mortality in rural
Bangladesh. Demography, Vol. 27, No. 2, May 1990. 251-65 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This study investigates the relationship
between birth intervals and childhood mortality, using longitudinal
data from rural Bangladesh known to be of exceptional accuracy and
completeness. Results demonstrate significant but very distinctive
effects of the previous and subsequent birth intervals on mortality,
with the former concentrated in the neonatal period and the latter
during early childhood....The findings are discussed in terms of the
potential for family planning programs to contribute to improved child
survival in settings such as Bangladesh." Data are from the
Demographic Surveillance System conducted by the International Centre
for Diarrhoeal Disease Research in rural
Matlab.
Correspondence: M. A. Koenig, International Centre
for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20141 Lunn, Peter
G. Nutrition, immunity, and infection. [Nutrition,
immunite et infection.] Annales de Demographie Historique, 1989. 111-24
pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The relationships
among malnutrition, infection, and the breakdown of the immune system
and their impact on infant and child mortality in developing countries
are examined. "Though individuals with a poor nutritional status are
more at risk to infection and have been shown to have a compromised
immune system, the inter-relationship between these factors is far from
simple. Malnutrition for example is not simply a reflection of food
availability; disease itself frequently causes more severe loss of
weight and growth faltering than diet alone. Moreover some illnesses
such as measles cause an impairment of immune status which lasts for
many months."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20142 Morel,
Marie-France. The care lavished on children: the impact
of medical innovations and of medical institutions (1750-1914).
Medicine and the decline of infant mortality. [Les soins prodigues
aux enfants: influence des innovations medicales et des institutions
medicalisees (1750-1914). Medecine et declin de la mortalite
infantile.] Annales de Demographie Historique, 1989. 157-81 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The role of medical advances and
interventions in the decline in infant mortality that has taken place
in France and other countries since the middle of the eighteenth
century is explored. The author notes that the impact of medical
intervention remained slight during much of the nineteenth century in
comparison with improvements in public hygiene and that the major
impact of medicine on infant mortality followed the introduction of
Pasteurian techniques of hygiene and vaccination at the end of the
century.
Correspondence: M.-F. Morel, Ecole Normale
Superieure, 31 avenue Lombart, 92260 Fontenay aux Roses, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20143 Palloni,
Alberto. Health levels and care in Latin America: the
case of infant mortality, 1900-1985. CDE Working Paper, No. 89-17,
[1989]. 28, [20] pp. University of Wisconsin, Center for Demography and
Ecology: Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
"In this paper I present an
iconoclastic view of the decline in infant mortality in Latin America,
one that is not consistent with prevailing views about the paths
followed by mortality and the forces responsible for its change during
the post-World War II (WWII) period. I show that the initial stage of
the transition in Latin America is far from being a stunning deviation
from the Western European experience. Quite the contrary, the evidence
shows that most countries proceed at an equal or slower pace than that
experienced by Western Europe....And the role of economic factors and
levels of well-being is of paramount importance in the transition from
high to low values....Different countries proceed along different
paths: there is no such thing as a 'Latin American' pattern of
mortality decline; instead there are at least four different routes
toward lower mortality."
Correspondence: University of
Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology, 4412 Social Science
Building, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1393.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20144 Razzaque,
Abdur; Alam, Nurul; Wai, Lokky; Foster, Andrew. Sustained
effects of the 1974-5 famine on infant and child mortality in a rural
area of Bangladesh. Population Studies, Vol. 44, No. 1, Mar 1990.
145-54 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"In this paper the sustained
effects of the 1974-75 famine on cohort mortality in a rural area of
Bangladesh are studied. In the analysis, mortality rates for children
born and conceived during the famine are compared with those from a
post-famine cohort. In the famine-born cohort, mortality was higher
during the first and second years of life, while in the
famine-conceived cohort it was higher during the first year and lower
during the second compared to the non-famine cohort. No significant
differences in mortality by cohort were observed between the ages of 24
and 59 months." Mortality differentials by sex, age of mother, and
socioeconomic status are also analyzed.
Correspondence: A.
Razzaque, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO
128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:20145 Shah, Nasra
M.; Shah, Makhdoom A. Socioeconomic and health care
determinants of child survival in Kuwait. Journal of Biosocial
Science, Vol. 22, No. 2, Apr 1990. 239-53 pp. Cambridge, England. In
Eng.
"This paper analyses the socioeconomic and health care
determinants responsible for the decline over the last two decades in
infant mortality in Kuwait....[using] published data and the results of
a national health survey conducted in 1984-85....Despite...[high rates
of hospital births, immunizations, and breast-feeding,] differences
still exist between social classes. The risk of stillbirth remains
much higher among the poorer women, those without any education and
those who gave birth at home."
Correspondence: N. M. Shah,
Kuwait University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community
Medicine, POB 5969, Safat, Kuwait. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20146 Vajpayee,
A.; Govila, A. K. Effect of family structure, family size,
and crowding on neonatal mortality in Indian villages. Journal of
Tropical Pediatrics, Vol. 33, No. 5, Oct 1987. 261-2 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
"This study was carried out in Indian villages to
see the influence of family structure, family size, and crowding in the
family on neonatal mortality. Seventy families in which neonatal
deaths occurred (Study Group) and 115 families in which a baby survived
through the neonatal period (Control Group) were included in the study.
It was observed that the babies born in joint and large sized families
and in the families with crowded homes had greater risks of mortality
during the neonatal period (first 28 days of
life)."
Correspondence: A. Vajpayee, F-64, Doctor's Colony,
Medical College, Jabalpur 482 003, India. Location: U.S.
National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
56:20147 Wiesner,
Gerd E.; Wiesner-Balcke, Waltraud; Engelmann, Ingeborg.
Mortality in infancy under European conditions.
[Kleinkindersterblichkeit unter europaischen Verhaltnissen.]
Zeitschrift fur Klinische Medizin, Vol. 44, No. 15, 1989. 1,325-8 pp.
Berlin, German Democratic Republic. In Ger. with sum. in Eng.
Trends in infant mortality in 27 European countries from the 1950s
to the 1980s are analyzed and compared using WHO data. The results
show declines in mortality rates in all countries concerned, together
with continued differences in levels of infant mortality among
countries.
Correspondence: G. E. Wiesner, Institut fur
Sozialhygiene Organisation des Gesundheitswesens Maxim Zetkin,
Noeldnestrasse 34-36, Berlin DDR-1134, German Democratic Republic.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
56:20148 Hayes,
Richard; Mertens, Thierry; Lockett, Geraldine; Rodrigues,
Laura. Causes of adult deaths in developing countries: a
review of data and methods. Policy, Planning, and Research Working
Paper, No. WPS 246, Jul 1989. 41 pp. World Bank, Population and Human
Resources Department: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors review
premature adult mortality in developing countries and evaluate
available sources of data. "After reviewing methods used in previous
studies to diagnose the causes of death in children and adults, the
authors recommend developing and validating diagnostic algorithms to
determine the causes of adult deaths, for use in single-round surveys,
using lay interviewers to conduct retrospective interviews of relatives
of the deceased. Techniques for determining cause-specific adult
mortality require thorough field testing and validation. The authors
discuss several possible approaches, and categorize selected major
causes of death according to whether they are likely to be diagnosed or
excluded, on the basis of symptoms reported by relatives. They
consider methods for classifying and presenting data on cause of death
and conclude with recommendations for further methodological
research."
Correspondence: World Bank, 1818 H Street NW,
Washington, D.C. 20433. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund
Library, Washington, D.C.
56:20149 Malarska,
Anna; Mikulska, Halina; Stepien, Czeslawa. Youth mortality
in Poland. [Umieralnosc mlodziezy w Polsce.] Wiadomosci
Statystyczne, Vol. 34, No. 7 and 8, Jul and Aug 1989. 18-22; 23-7 pp.
Warsaw, Poland. In Pol.
In this two-part article, mortality among
young people in Poland is analyzed. Comparisons are made with
mortality for the population as a whole. Factors examined include sex,
place of residence, and major causes of
death.
Correspondence: A. Malarska, Uniwersytet Lodzki,
90-131 Lodz, Narutowicza 65, Poland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20150 Japan.
Institute of Population Problems (Tokyo, Japan). The 42nd
abridged life tables (April 1, 1988-March 31, 1989). Institute of
Population Problems Research Series, No. 262, Jan 16, 1990. 25 pp.
Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn. with sum. in Eng.
Life tables for Japan are
presented by sex for the period 1988-1989 by five-year age groups and
single years of age.
Correspondence: Ministry of Health and
Welfare, Institute of Population Problems, 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:20151 Sulaja,
S. Life tables for India and the states--1986. 1990.
52 pp. University of Kerala, Department of Demography and Population
Studies: Kariavattom, India. In Eng.
Abbreviated life tables are
presented for India and its 16 major constituent states for 1986 by
rural and urban area and sex.
Correspondence: University of
Kerala, Department of Demography and Population Studies, Kariavattom
695 581, Kerala, India. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:20152 United
States. National Center for Health Statistics [NCHS] (Hyattsville,
Maryland). Vital statistics of the United States, 1987.
Volume II, Section 6. Life tables. Pub. Order No. DHHS (PHS)
90-1104. Feb 1990. 19 pp. Hyattsville, Maryland. In Eng.
Life
tables for the United States for 1987 are presented. Subject headings
are abridged life tables by race and sex; number of survivors at single
years of age by race and sex; life expectancy at single years of age by
race and sex; life tables by race and sex, 1900-1987; and life
expectancy by race and sex, 1900-1987.
Correspondence:
NCHS, 3700 East-West Highway, Hyattsville, MD 20782.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20153 Bengtsson,
Calle; Mardh, Per-Anders; Stenberg, Kristina; Linder, Bertil;
Takolander, Rabbe. The long life of women--a societal
problem? [Kvinnors langa liv--ett samhallsproblem?]
Lakartidningen, Vol. 85, No. 49, Dec 7, 1988. 4,297-300 pp. Stockholm,
Sweden. In Swe.
The increase in women's life expectancy in Sweden
since 1850 is analyzed. The authors examine mortality and morbidity
differentials by sex, the relationship between body fat and life
expectancy, marital status, and the implications for society of a
growing aged female population.
Correspondence: C.
Bengtsson, Goteborgs Universitet, Allmanmedicinska Institutionen,
Vasaparken, 411 24 Goteborg, Sweden. Location: U.S. National
Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
56:20154 Farchi,
Gino; Mariotti, Sergio; Menotti, Alessandro; Seccareccia, Fulvia;
Torsello, Stefania; Fidanza, Flaminio. Diet and 20-y
mortality in two rural population groups of middle-aged men in
Italy. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 50, No. 5, Nov
1989. 1,095-103 pp. Bethesda, Maryland. In Eng.
"The relationships
between individual diet, measured in 1965 on the two Italian rural
cohorts of the Seven Countries Study on Cardiovascular Disease, and
subsequent mortality from all and specific causes of death [over a
20-year period] are studied. The analysis covers 1,536 men aged
45-64...at entry to the study. By using a cluster analysis technique,
individuals are aggregated into four groups so that the elements within
a group have a higher degree of similarity in dietary nutrients than
between groups. Impressive differences in death rates between groups
are found especially at the 10- and 15-[year]
anniversaries."
Correspondence: G. Farchi, Istituto
Superiore di Sanita, Laboratorio di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica,
Rome, Italy. Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, MD.
56:20155 Hoffmans,
M. D. A. F.; Kromhout, D.; Coulander, C. de L. Body mass
index at the age of 18 and its effects on 32-year-mortality from
coronary heart disease and cancer. A nested case-control study among
the entire 1932 Dutch male birth cohort. Journal of Clinical
Epidemiology, Vol. 42, No. 6, 1989. 513-20 pp. Elmsford, New
York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In a nested case-control design the
Body Mass Index at 18 years of age was related to 32-year mortality
from coronary heart disease...and cancer...among the 1932 Dutch male
birth cohort." The risk ratios were estimated for four body weight
categories using a logistic regression model. The results show that
mortality from coronary heart disease was highest for men in the
fattest group and mortality from cancer was highest for those in the
leanest group.
Correspondence: D. Kromhout, National
Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Department of
Epidemiology, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
56:20156 Hu,
Yuanreng; Goldman, Noreen. Mortality differentials by
marital status: an international comparison. Demography, Vol. 27,
No. 2, May 1990. 233-50 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"We use
log-linear rate models to analyze marital-status-specific death rates
for a large number of developed countries. The results indicate that
divorced persons, especially divorced men, have the highest death rates
among the unmarried groups of the respective genders; the excess
mortality of unmarried persons relative to the married has been
generally increasing over the past two to three decades; and divorced
and widowed persons in their twenties and thirties have particularly
high risks of dying, relative to married persons of the same age. In
addition, the analysis suggests that a selection process is operating
with regard to single and divorced persons: the smaller the proportion
of persons who never marry or who are divorced, the higher the
resulting death rates."
Correspondence: Y. Hu, Princeton
University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue,
Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:20157 Hughes,
Kenneth; Lun, K. C.; Yeo, Peter P. B. Cardiovascular
diseases in Chinese, Malays, and Indians in Singapore. I. Differences
in mortality. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol.
44, No. 1, Mar 1990. 24-8 pp. London, England. In Eng.
Mortality
differentials from the main cardiovascular diseases among Chinese,
Malays, and Indians in Singapore are analyzed using national death
registration data for the period 1980-1984. The results indicate that
"there are significant differences in mortality from the three main
cardiovascular diseases in the different ethnic groups in
Singapore."
Correspondence: K. Hughes, National University
of Singapore, National University Hospital, Lower Kent Ridge Road,
Singapore 0511. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20158 Nolan,
Brian. Socio-economic mortality differentials in
Ireland. Economic and Social Review, Vol. 21, No. 2, Jan 1990.
193-208 pp. Dublin, Ireland. In Eng.
"Differences in mortality
rates between socio-economic groups for Ireland are analysed, using the
standard methodology which has been extensively applied in other
countries. This involves relating data on deaths by socio-economic
group, gathered at time of death, to the total population in each group
as shown in the Census of Population. Based on 1981 data for men aged
15-64, significant differentials in standardised mortality rates are
found between professional/managerial occupational groups and
semi-skilled or unskilled manual categories. Problems which arise due
to the nature of the data are discussed, drawing on British
experience."
Correspondence: B. Nolan, Economic and Social
Research Institute, 4 Burlington Road, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
56:20159 Potter,
Lloyd R.; Galle, Omer R. Racial and residential mortality
differentials in the South by cause of death. Texas Population
Research Center Papers, Series 11: 1989, No. 11.06, 1989. 16, [5] pp.
University of Texas, Texas Population Research Center: Austin, Texas.
In Eng.
"Racial and residential mortality differentials are
examined in the [U.S.] South using measures of life expectancy. We
focus on how both socioeconomic conditions and cause-specific mortality
vary across race and residence. Using U.S. Vital Statistics and Census
data for 1980, life tables are constructed for Southern sub-populations
and differences in the life expectancies are decomposed by cause of
death. Our results suggest that racial mortality differences are
slightly greater in metropolitan areas of the South when compared to
the nonmetropolitan South. We also find that residential mortality
differences in the South are greater for whites than for blacks. By
isolating specific cause of death differentials, we are able to
speculate about social and economic differences that may be causally
linked to the maintenance of racial and residential life expectancy
differentials."
Correspondence: University of Texas, Texas
Population Research Center, Main 1800, Austin, TX 78712.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20160 Rogers,
Andrei; Gard, Kathy. Interstate mortality differentials in
the United States: a parameterized description. Espace,
Populations, Societes, No. 3, 1989. 327-36 pp. Villeneuve d'Ascq,
France. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This paper examines [U.S.]
interstate mortality differentials in 1979-1981. It begins with a
quick overview of the data set which...reveals wide variations across
states in life expectancies at birth. A Heligman-Pollard model
mortality schedule is fitted to data for all U.S. states and a
comparison is made of the parameters associated with each state. A
clustering of similar parameter values reveals the presence of several
families of mortality age profiles, their principal characteristics and
their differences across states."
Correspondence: A.
Rogers, University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science,
Boulder, CO 80309. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:20161 A-Bustan,
Mahmond; El-Zein, Fawzi M. A.; Kohli, B. R. Potential
gains in life expectancy of Kuwaiti nationals through partial and
complete elimination of infectious and parasitic disease
mortality. Health and Population: Perspectives and Issues, Vol.
11, No. 1, Jan-Mar 1988. 10-4 pp. New Delhi, India. In Eng. with sum.
in Hin.
"The study attempts to estimate potential gains in life
expectancy in 1984 through partial and complete elimination of
infectious and parasitic diseases among Kuwaiti nationals. In order to
derive these estimates, [a] multiple decrement life table approach was
applied. The results revealed that complete elimination of infectious
and parasitic disease mortality would further add 0.45 years to the
life expectancy at birth of Kuwaiti males and 0.54 years to that of
Kuwaiti females."
Correspondence: M. A-Bustan, Kuwaiti
University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and
Behavioural Sciences, P.O. Box 24923, Safat, Kuwait. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20162 Blum,
Alain; Fargues, Philippe. Rapid estimations of maternal
mortality in countries with defective data: an application to Bamako
(1974-85) and other developing countries. Population Studies, Vol.
44, No. 1, Mar 1990. 155-71 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"We have
proposed two methods for estimating maternal mortality in developing
countries without data on cause of death....In general, the first
method, based on the ratio of women's to men's mortality by age, gives
lower estimates than the second, based on extrapolation by smoothing
the observed profile of women's mortality. In the case of Bamako
[Mali] where maternal mortality can be split into its two components,
we have found that the first estimates are close to mortality from
obstetric causes while the second estimates are closer to the overall
maternal mortality, including indirect obstetric causes. Whatever the
method, a quick idea of level, age pattern and trend of maternal
mortality can be drawn from a simple processing of life tables.
Moreover, the availability of age-specific fertility rates enables us
to distinguish between the effects of decreasing exposure to risk and
decline of fertility, when maternal mortality is
falling."
Correspondence: A. Blum, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20163 Caselli,
Graziella. The health transition and the structure of
mortality by cause: old and new causes. [Transition sanitaire et
structure par cause de la mortalite: anciennes et nouvelles causes.]
Annales de Demographie Historique, 1989. 55-77 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng.
Changes in different causes of death over
time and their effect on the health transition that has taken place in
Europe since the middle of the nineteenth century are analyzed. The
data are for England from 1871 to 1951, Italy from 1881 to 1951, and
Norway from 1910 to 1951. The change in causes of death from
infectious diseases to that from cardiovascular diseases and cancers is
described. The relationships among the health transition,
socioeconomic and health trends, and changes in living conditions are
explored and compared for the countries
studied.
Correspondence: G. Caselli, Universita degli Studi
di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Scienze Demografiche, Citta
Universitaria, 001000 Rome, Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20164 Chu,
Kenneth C.; Horm, John W.; Smart, Charles R. Estimating
cancer mortality rates from SEER incidence and survival data.
Public Health Reports, Vol. 105, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1990. 36-46 pp.
Rockville, Maryland. In Eng.
"A method to estimate site-specific
cancer mortality rates using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End
Results (SEER) Program incidence and survival data is proposed,
calculated, and validated. This measure, the life table-derived
mortality rate (LTM), is the sum of the product of the probability of
being alive at the beginning of an interval times the probability of
dying of the cancer of interest during the interval times the annual
age-adjusted incidence rate for each year that data have been
collected. When the LTM is compared to death certificate mortality
rates (DCM) for organ sites with no known misclassification problems,
the LTM was within 10 percent of the death certificate rates for 13 of
14 organ sites. In the sites that have problems with the death
certificate rates, there were major disagreements between the LTM and
DCM....The limitations and applications of the LTM are detailed." The
geographical focus is on the United States.
Correspondence:
K. C. Chu, National Cancer Institute, Early Detection Branch, 9000
Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20165 Decarli,
Adriano; La Vecchia, Carlo. Cancer mortality in Italy,
1983. Tumori, Vol. 75, No. 3, Jun 1989. 196-201 pp. Milan, Italy.
In Eng. with sum. in Ita.
"This report presents data and statistics
on cancer death certification in Italy in 1983, thus updating previous
work available from 1955." Data are presented by age, sex, and cancer
site. The results show that cancer mortality remained stable for
females and rose by two percent for males, due primarily to an increase
in lung cancer.
For a report by the same authors concerning 1982,
see 55:40193.
Correspondence: A. Decarli, Istituto di
Biometria e Statistica Medica, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
56:20166 Franks,
Adele L.; Atrash, Hani K.; Lawson, Herschel W.; Colberg, Karen
S. Obstetrical pulmonary embolism mortality, United
States, 1970-85. American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 80, No.
6, Jun 1990. 720-2 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"To investigate
pulmonary embolism as a cause of obstetrical death [in the United
States], vital records data from 1970 through 1985 were analyzed.
Results showed that the number of obstetrical pulmonary embolism deaths
per 100,000 live births declined by 50 percent for both Whites and
Blacks. However, Black women maintained more than a 2.5-fold higher
risk, and women over age 40 had a ten-fold higher risk of embolism
mortality. Thus, although the risk of obstetrical pulmonary embolism
death has declined, some subgroups of women remain at higher
risk."
Correspondence: A. L. Franks, Centers for Disease
Control, Centers for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion,
Division of Reproductive Health, Pregnancy and Infant Health Branch,
Atlanta, GA 30333. Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
56:20167 Friman,
Patrick C.; Finney, Jack W.; Leibowitz, J. Michael. Years
of potential life lost: evaluating premature cancer death in men.
Journal of Community Health, Vol. 14, No. 2, Summer 1989. 101-6 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
Two indexes of premature death, years of
potential life lost (YPLL) and potential years of life lost per death
(YPLL/D), are calculated using U.S. data for 10 leading causes of
cancer death in men from 1974 to 1983. "Each cancer was then ranked
from most to least significant according to each index. The analyses
show that using YPLL and YPLL/D to evaluate cancer death in men results
in rankings that differ from those obtained when using death rates
alone. The premature death indexes, when used in combination with
traditional mortality indexes, would enhance the data base used by
funding agencies who select and evaluate cancer treatment and
prevention programs."
Correspondence: P. C. Friman, Meyer
Children's Rehabilitation Institute, 444 South 44th Street, Omaha, NE
68131. Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda,
MD.
56:20168 Higgins,
Millicent W.; Luepker, Russell V. Trends in coronary heart
disease mortality: the influence of medical care. ISBN
0-19-505297-8. LC 87-24728. 1988. xvi, 302 pp. Oxford University Press:
New York, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The purpose of this
book is to examine trends and variation in morbidity and mortality from
CHD [coronary heart disease] in the United States and to assess the
contribution that medical care has made to the decline in the past
quarter of a century....Although this book examines the situation in
the United States, issues that it addresses are relevant to the
practice of medicine wherever CHD is prevalent. In the following
pages, experts in epidemiology, preventive and community medicine,
cardiology, internal medicine, and cardiovascular surgery review and
evaluate evidence from vital statistics, epidemiological observations,
clinical studies, and randomized controlled trials. They also identify
needs and opportunities for clinical and epidemiological research.
Time trends and regional patterns of CHD and medical care are
presented. The impact of diagnostic procedures, and the contributions
of medical care for risk factors, and of out-of-hospital and in
hospital management of acute myocardial infarction and chronic coronary
disease are assessed. Mortality statistics for CHD are provided in an
appendix."
Correspondence: Oxford University Press, 200
Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Location: Dartmouth
College Library, Hanover, NH.
56:20169 Ingram,
Deborah D.; Gillum, Richard F. Regional and urbanization
differentials in coronary heart disease mortality in the United States,
1968-1985. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, Vol. 42, No. 9, 1989.
857-68 pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
Differentials in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in the
United States among white males aged 35-74 are analyzed for the periods
1968-1978 and 1979-1985. The authors note that many of the regional
and residential differentials in CHD mortality persisted over the two
time periods. "Fringe metropolitan (suburban) areas had low rates, and
CHD death rates continued to decline, albeit at a faster rate. The
urbanization pattern observed for the south differed from that for
other regions; the core metropolitan area had the lowest CHD death
rates in the south, but the highest in the other
regions."
Correspondence: D. D. Ingram, National Center for
Health Statistics, Office of Analysis and Epidemiology, 3700 East-West
Highway, Room 2-27, Hyattsville, MD 20782. Location: U.S.
National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
56:20170 Kowalski,
Gregory S.; Duffield, Don. The impact of the rural
population component on homicide rates in the United States: a
county-level analysis. Rural Sociology, Vol. 55, No. 1, Spring
1990. 76-90 pp. Bozeman, Montana. In Eng.
"Using 3,130 U.S.
counties or county equivalents, this paper provides a test of the
impact of rural population on the violent crime of homicide, while
controlling for the effects of other correlates. The results indicate
that the traditional bond of group cohesion assumed to be associated
with the rural environment and its residents continues to have an
inhibiting effect on homicide for counties in the United
States."
Correspondence: G. S. Kowalski, Auburn University,
Department of Sociology, Auburn, AL 36849. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20171 Magnin,
Pierre; Raudrant, Daniel; Thoulon, Jean-Marie; Magnin, Guillaume; De
Rochambeau, Bertrand. Maternal mortality in France and its
uncertainties. [La mortalite maternelle en France et ses
incertitudes.] Bulletin de l'Academie Nationale de Medecine, Vol. 172,
No. 8, Nov 1988. 1,213-22 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
Problems concerning the measurement of maternal mortality rates in
France are examined. Specifically, the authors note the differences
between the maternal mortality rate calculated using data from death
certificates by the National Institute of Health and Medical Research
(INSERM) and rates calculated by obstetrics departments at selected
hospitals. An example using data for Lyons for the period 1983-1988 is
presented.
Correspondence: D. Raudrant, Hotel-Dieu, Service
de Gynecologie-Obstetrique, 61 quai Jules Courmont, 69288 Lyons Cedex
02, France. Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, MD.
56:20172
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (New York, New
York). International comparison of mortality from
suicide. Statistical Bulletin, Vol. 71, No. 2, Apr-Jun 1990. 22-8
pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The purpose of this article is to
examine the trend of mortality from suicide in the United States and
compare it with that in Canada, Europe, and other developed countries.
The analysis is based primarily on data supplied by the World Health
Organization....Death rates are shown in 10-year age brackets, with the
rate for ages 15-74 being adjusted for the variation in each country's
age distribution in order to make comparison between nations
valid."
Correspondence: Metropolitan Life Insurance
Company, One Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20173 Puranen,
Bi. Tuberculosis and mortality decline in Sweden. [La
tuberculose et le declin de la mortalite en Suede.] Annales de
Demographie Historique, 1989. 79-100 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with
sum. in Eng.
The tuberculosis epidemic that has occurred over the
last 300 years in Europe is investigated using data for Sweden and
Finland for the period from 1750 to 1980. Changes in nutrition,
urbanization, and medical intervention and their relative impacts on
tuberculosis mortality are assessed.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:20174 Rogot,
Eugene; Hrubec, Zdenek. Trends in mortality from coronary
heart disease and stroke among U.S. veterans, 1954-1979. Journal
of Clinical Epidemiology, Vol. 42, No. 3, 1989. 245-56 pp. Elmsford,
New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
Mortality from coronary heart
disease (CHD) and stroke in a cohort of nearly 300,000 insured U.S.
veterans is analyzed for the period 1954-1979. The results show that
this group experienced a much greater decline in CHD mortality than the
U.S. population as a whole. Consideration is given to factors such as
smoking, occupational status, socioeconomic status, and
age.
Correspondence: E. Rogot, National Heart, Lung, and
Blood Institute, Social and Environmental Epidemiology Branch,
Bethesda, MD 20892. Location: U.S. National Library of
Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
56:20175 Stellman,
Steven D.; Garfinkel, Lawrence. Proportions of cancer
deaths attributable to cigarette smoking in women. Women and
Health, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1989. 19-28 pp. Binghamton, New York. In Eng.
Trends in cancer mortality attributable to cigarette smoking among
U.S. women are analyzed. Data are from a prospective mortality study
involving over two-thirds of a million women over age 45 who were
enrolled in 1982 and followed for four years. The results indicate
that "cigarette smoking, despite increases in smoking cessation, is
still responsible for well over half of the deaths from these six types
of [smoking-related] cancer in women."
Correspondence: S.
D. Stellman, New York City Department of Health, Division of
Biostatistics and Epidemiologic Research, 125 Worth Street, Box 22, New
York, NY 10013. Location: New York Public Library.
56:20176 Sytkowski,
Pamela A.; Kannel, William B.; D'Agostino, Ralph B.
Changes in risk factors and the decline in mortality from
cardiovascular disease: the Framingham Heart Study. New England
Journal of Medicine, Vol. 322, No. 23, Jun 7, 1990. 1,635-41 pp.
Boston, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"We analyzed the 10-year incidence
of cardiovascular disease and death from cardiovascular disease in
three groups of men [in Framingham, Massachusetts] who were 50 to 59
years old at base line in 1950, 1960, and 1970 (the 1950, 1960, and
1970 cohorts) in order to determine the contribution of secular trends
in the incidence of cardiovascular disease, risk factors, and medical
care to the decline in mortality....Significant improvements were found
in risk factors for cardiovascular disease among the men initially free
of cardiovascular disease in the 1970 cohort as compared with those in
the 1950 cohort, including a lower serum cholesterol level...and a
lower systolic blood pressure....Our data suggest that the improvement
in cardiovascular risk factors in the 1970 cohort may have been an
important contributor to the 60 percent decline in mortality in that
group as compared with the 1950 cohort, although a decline in the
incidence of cardiovascular disease and improved medical interventions
may also have contributed to the decline in
mortality."
Correspondence: P. A. Sytkowski, New England
Research Institute, 9 Galen Street, Watertown, MA 02172.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
56:20177 United
States. Centers for Disease Control [CDC]. Alcohol-related
mortality and years of potential life lost--United States, 1987.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 39, No. 11, Mar 23, 1990.
173-8 pp. Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
Estimates of alcohol-related
mortality and years of potential life lost are presented for the United
States for 1987. These estimates include both mortality from injuries
associated with alcohol use and from chronic diseases resulting from
long-term alcohol consumption.
Correspondence: CDC, Public
Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA
30333. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:20178 United
States. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service.
Office on Smoking and Health (Rockville, Maryland).
Bibliography on smoking and health, 1988. Public Health
Service Bibliography Series, No. 45, Pub. Order No. DHHS (CDC) 89-8399.
Apr 1989. 483 pp. Rockville, Maryland. In Eng.
The 1988 edition of
this bibliography, the last in the present series, contains
approximately 2,000 citations to recent literature on the relationship
between smoking and health. The bibliography is organized by subject
and includes sections on mortality and morbidity, neoplastic diseases,
respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and pregnancy and infant
health. Author and subject indexes are provided. The geographical
scope is worldwide.
For the 1986 edition, published in 1987, see
54:30184.
Correspondence: Centers for Disease Control,
Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on
Smoking and Health, Technical Information Center, Park Building, Room
116, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
