56:10524 Ambry,
Margaret K. 1990-1991 almanac of consumer markets: a
guide to today's more complex and harder-to-find customers. ISBN
0-936889-06-3. 1989. xv, 407 pp. American Demographics Press: Ithaca,
New York. In Eng.
This work is intended as a guide to the
demographics of the U.S. marketplace. It presents data on the
population of the United States by age, with additional data for each
age group on population characteristics, households, marital status and
fertility, educational attainment, labor force, income, expenditures,
wealth, and health. The data are for 1980, with some projections to
the year 2000, and are pesented separately by sex, race, and Hispanic
origin. The data are taken from a variety of official
sources.
Correspondence: American Demographics Press, P.O.
Box 68, Ithaca, NY 14851-9989. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:10525 Bulgaria.
Tsentralno Statistichesko Upravlenie (Sofia, Bulgaria).
Demographic characteristics of administrative regions in the
People's Republic of Bulgaria. [Demografsko sastoyanie na
oblastite v NR Balgariya.] LC 89-127456. 1987. 43 pp. Sofia, Bulgaria.
In Bul.
This volume contains a selection of demographic data
concerning the characteristics of the population of Bulgaria. The data
are presented separately by administrative
region.
Correspondence: Tsentralno Statistichesko
Upravlenie, 2 P. Volov, Sofia, Bulgaria. Location: U.S.
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
56:10526 Duensing,
Edward E. America's elderly: a sourcebook. ISBN
0-88285-125-X. LC 88-6132. 1988. vii, 190 pp. Rutgers University,
Center for Urban Policy Research: New Brunswick, New Jersey. In Eng.
"This book represents an attempt to gather together in a single
volume the data necessary to create a statistical portrait of America's
elderly as they are today and as they will be tomorrow--a portrait
highlighting the diversity of senior citizens as well as their
commonalities." The data come from a variety of sources, including
official sources, research studies, and business journals. The section
on the demographic characteristics of the elderly includes data on
projections, households and family living arrangements, marital status,
life expectancy and mortality, geographic aspects, race and national
origin, dependency ratios, and veterans. Other sections contain data on
income and expenditure, employment and unemployment, health and health
care, housing and homeownership, federal programs and expenditures, and
social characteristics.
Correspondence: Rutgers University,
Center for Urban Policy Research, Building 4051, Kilmer Campus, New
Brunswick, NJ 08903. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:10527 Dybova,
Blanka. Demographic aging and old age pension
insurance. [Starnuti populace a duchodove zabezpeceni.]
Demografie, Vol. 31, No. 4, 1989. 323-9 pp. Prague, Czechoslovakia. In
Cze. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The focus of this paper is on the aging
of the Czechoslovak population and the problems it may create in the
future. Comparisons are made between the numbers of people receiving
old-age pensions in 1985 with projected numbers for 2005. The author
warns of social problems created by the probable dependency
burden.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:10528 Dzienio,
Kazimierz. Projection of disability in Poland until
2020. [Prognoza inwalidztwa w Polsce do 2020 roku.] Studia
Demograficzne, No. 1/95, 1989. 73-97 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with
sum. in Eng; Rus.
Population characteristics of disabled persons in
Poland during the period 1974-1984 are analyzed. The author examines
the age structure of persons unable to work due to a disability and the
causes of the disability. Population trends of the disabled to the year
2020 are projected and the impact of the increase of disabled persons
on social policy is discussed.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:10529 Han,
Young-Ja. Pace of demographic transition and age structure
change in Korea. Journal of Population and Health Studies, Vol. 9,
No. 1, Jul 1989. 3-22 pp. Seoul, Korea, Republic of. In Kor. with sum.
in Eng.
The author analyzes changes in age structure in China,
Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea, with a focus on South Korea. The pace
of such transitions is compared and it is noted that in Korea, the
rapid change that has occurred has implications for the current
population policy, particularly with regard to coping with the
consequences of rapid demographic aging.
Correspondence:
Y.-J. Han, Korea Institute for Population and Health, San 42-14,
Bulgwang-dong, Eunpyung-ku, Seoul 122-040, Republic of Korea.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:10530 Johnson,
Paul; Conrad, Christoph; Thomson, David. Workers versus
pensioners: intergenerational justice in an ageing world. ISBN
0-7190-3038-2. 1989. xvi, 204 pp. Manchester University Press: New
York, New York/Manchester, England; Centre for Economic Policy Research
[CEPR]: London, England. In Eng.
This is a collection of essays
resulting from a conference on demographic aging and intergenerational
transfers, held in Cambridge, England, in July 1988. "The first
section of the book presents a broad interpretation of
intergenerational conflict from the distinct perspectives of
demography, economics, philosophy and social policy. The second
section examines in detail the growing economic conflict between
workers and pensioners embodied in public and private pension systems,
and the final section examines current changes in the nature and
purpose of retirement in industrial counties. The essays draw upon a
wide range of evidence from Western Europe, North America and
Australasia."
Correspondence: St. Martin's Press, 175 Fifth
Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:10531 Kono,
Shigemi. Population structure. Population Bulletin of
the United Nations, No. 27, 1989. 108-24 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
"This paper reviews recent new trends in population structure
in the world and its major regions in order to assess the determinants
of those trends and explore issues regarding the recent and projected
changes in the age structure of population and relationships of those
changes to economic and social development. In particular, the paper
compares the change in age structure projected by the...United
Nations...in its most recent three series--namely, those completed in
1984, 1986 and 1988. By and large the most recent United Nations
assessment projects that a larger proportion of the world population
will be aged 60 and over in the years 2000 and 2025 than was previously
estimated....The case of Japan is used to illustrate the growing
importance of increases in life expectancy as a determinant of age
structure changes (in relation to fertility
decline)...."
Correspondence: S. Kono, Ministry of Health
and Welfare, Institute of Population Problems, 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:10532 Lydolph,
Paul E. Recent population characteristics and growth in
the USSR. Soviet Geography, Vol. 30, No. 10, Dec 1989. 711-29 pp.
Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"Data from the preliminary results
of the 1989 census and Naseleniye SSSR 1987 permit analyses of age-sex
structures of the Soviet population and distributions by civil
divisions of natural growth rates, total population growth, urban
growth, rural growth, percent urbanization, and growths of cities. The
paper complements the treatment of census results by macroregions
appearing in the November 1989 issue of Soviet Geography...by
summarizing trends emerging at a finer scale of analysis and providing
recent background information on demographic components of population
change."
For the article by Richard H. Rowland, also published in
1989, see elsewhere in this issue.
Correspondence: P. E.
Lydolph, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
56:10533 Maslove,
Allan; Hawkes, David. The northern population.
Canadian Social Trends, No. 15, Winter 1989. 2-7 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In
Eng.
The focus of this article is on the economic and social
disparities between the aboriginal and nonaboriginal peoples of the
Canadian North. Comparisons are made in the areas of population
growth, housing, family characteristics, and income, as well as
occupational, employment, and educational status. Data are from the
1986 Canadian census.
Correspondence: A. Maslove, Carleton
University, School of Public Administration, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6,
Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
56:10534 McDaniel,
Susan A. Women in Canada's aging society: a feminist
perspective. [Les femmes dans un Canada en voie de vieillissement:
une approche feministe.] Cahiers Quebecois de Demographie, Vol. 18,
No. 1, Spring 1989. 137-57 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in
Eng; Spa.
Demographic aging in Canada is explored as an issue of
particular concern to women. "The challenges of population aging, in
many ways, are inseparable from women's issues. Women, as the largest
group of elderly, have different physical, social, and economic needs
than men. Thus, women's more debilitating but often less
life-threatening illnesses, status as widows or living alone, and lack
of adequate incomes pose problems not unlike those facing women of all
ages. As well, women tend more often to be in the situation of
'looking after' others, including older relatives, another way in which
aging is a challenge to and for women."
Correspondence: S.
A. McDaniel, University of Alberta, Department of Sociology, Edmonton,
Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:10535 Mitra,
S. Immigration, below-replacement fertility, and long-term
national population trends. Demography, Vol. 27, No. 1, Feb 1990.
121-9 pp. Alexandria, Virginia. In Eng.
The author develops a model
to study "the long-term demographic effects of immigration on a
population experiencing below-replacement fertility...by assuming that
the size and age composition of the immigrant population do not change
over time. The size of the first-generation immigrant population
becomes stationary within a time period not greater than the human life
span. Thereafter, the number dying equals the number entering over any
given time interval. The stationarity of the native population, among
which deaths exceed births, is maintained by the compensating number of
births to the immigrant population. The limiting age distribution of
the country's population, although stationary, may not decline
monotonically with age...." The geographical focus is on developed
countries.
Correspondence: S. Mitra, Emory University,
Department of Sociology, Atlanta, GA 30322. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:10536 Molony,
Kathleen. Japan's dilemma: how to cope with an aging
population. U.S. Long-Term Review, Winter 1988-1989. 10-5 pp.
Lexington, Massachusetts. In Eng.
Future demographic trends in
Japan are reviewed, with an emphasis on demographic aging. "It is
clear the aging of its population will have an impact on Japan's labor
practices, saving and consumption patterns, and demand for public and
private resources." The author concludes that "given Japan's past
experience in adapting to all types of adversity...its response to
demographic shifts will likely enable it to continue its remarkable
economic growth."
Location: U.S. Library of Congress,
Washington, D.C.
56:10537 Nugent,
Shane; Rampa, Helen. Demographic change at the small-area
level: implications for the planning of Canberra. In: Advances in
regional demography: information, forecasts, models, edited by P.
Congdon and P. Batey. 1989. 58-70 pp. Belhaven Press: London, England.
In Eng.
The relationship between the provision of facilities and
the changing age structure of city neighborhoods is examined using the
example of Canberra, Australia. In particular, the authors examine the
impact of population aging on the need to provide schools at the local
level.
Correspondence: S. Nugent, National Capital
Development Commission, PO Box 373, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:10538 Otto,
Johannes. Population projections and changing age
structures in the regions of the world. In: Referate zum
deutsch-franzosischen Arbeitstreffen auf dem Gebiet der Demographie vom
21. bis 24. September 1987 in Rouen. Materialien zur
Bevolkerungswissenschaft, No. 62, 1989. 163-79 pp. Bundesinstitut fur
Bevolkerungsforschung: Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Eng.
The author reviews population projections prepared by the World
Bank, focusing on worldwide trends in demographic
aging.
Correspondence: J. Otto, Bundesinstitut fur
Bevolkerungsforschung, Gustav-Stresemann-Ring 6, Postfach 5528, D-6200
Wiesbaden, Federal Republic of Germany. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:10539 Rogers,
Richard G. Demographic characteristics of cigarette
smokers in the United States. Population Program Working Paper,
No. WP-89-7, Oct 1989. 21, [7] pp. University of Colorado, Institute of
Behavioral Science, Population Program: Boulder, Colorado. In Eng.
"This research uses a multivariate log-linear examination of a
[U.S.] national data set to analyze the combined influences of
ethnicity, age, and sex on cigarette smoking status, not only for
smokers but for former smokers and current nonsmokers as well. In
general, we find that ethnic and sex differences in smoking vary across
several dimensions. For instance, compared to females, males are more
likely to smoke and to smoke heavily. The differences between male and
female cessation rates varies with ethnicity....Mexican-Americans who
smoke generally smoke small quantities of cigarettes. And Blacks are
as likely as other groups not to smoke at all, and less likely than
Anglos to smoke heavily. This article discusses potential future
mortality effects, intervention strategies, and directions for future
research."
Correspondence: University of Colorado,
Institute of Behavioral Science, Population Program, Boulder, CO
80309. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:10540 Schwarz,
Karl. Change of life style with old age: represented by
the cohort of men and women born in the years 1912-1916, who in 1972
were 55-59 years old and in 1987 were 70-74 years old.
[Veranderung der Lebensverhaltnisse im Alter: Dargestellt am Beispiel
der Manner und Frauen der Geburtsjahrgange 1912/16, die 1972 55 bis 59
und 1987 70 bis 74 Jahre alt waren.] Zeitschrift fur
Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 15, No. 3, 1989. 235-46 pp. Wiesbaden,
Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
The
demographic aspects of changes in life-style of people entering old age
were studied using data for a cohort of German men and women born
between 1912 and 1916. The authors note changes in marital status,
mortality, widowhood, employment, and household structure that occurred
between the ages of 55-59 and 70-74. Differences among men and women
are analyzed, and the impact of social change on future care of the
elderly is discussed.
Correspondence: K. Schwarz,
Klopstockstrasse 14, 6200 Wiesbaden, Federal Republic of Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:10541 Greksa,
Lawrence P. Age of menarche in Bolivian girls of European
and Aymara ancestry. Annals of Human Biology, Vol. 17, No. 1,
Jan-Feb 1990. 49-53 pp. London, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
"Median age of menarche was determined in children of European and
Aymara ancestry residing in La Paz, Bolivia (3,600m) [above sea level]
and in children of European ancestry residing in Santa Cruz, Bolivia
(400m). Median age of menarche in European and Aymara highland natives
was younger than reported by previous researchers, thus broadening the
range of variation in age of menarche in high-altitude populations.
Comparisons between La Paz and Santa Cruz European children suggested
that growth and development at high altitudes results in a delay in
median age of menarche of about 0.8 years."
Correspondence:
L. P. Greksa, Case Western Reserve University, Department of
Anthropology, 2040 Adelbert, Cleveland, OH 44106. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:10542 Leung, Siu
Fai. On tests for sex preferences. Journal of
Population Economics, Vol. 1, No. 2, Oct 1988. 95-114 pp. New York, New
York/Berlin, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Eng.
"This paper
presents a critical evaluation of three widely used tests for sex
preferences: sex ratio, parity progression ratio and ordinary least
squares [OLS] regression of birth interval. We show that under some
appropriate conditions, the sex ratio is a valid test for sex
preferences. The methods of parity progression ratio and OLS
regression of birth interval fail to deal with right censoring and time
varying covariates, which reduce the power of the tests. We suggest
the use of hazard estimation to test for sex preferences. We
demonstrate the differences among the tests by analyzing the
retrospective fertility histories of the Chinese and the Malays in
Malaysia. We find that unlike the two conventional methods, the hazard
estimation gives clear and strong evidence of sex preferences among the
Chinese in Malaysia."
Correspondence: S. F. Leung,
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:10543 Sakai,
Hiromichi. On the change of sex ratio by the Japanese
zodiac. Jinko Mondai Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems, No.
190, Apr 1989. 55-8 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
Changes in the sex
ratio in Japan from 1899 to 1986 are analyzed using data from official
sources. The emphasis is on differences in the sex ratio according to
the signs of the Japanese zodiac. The author notes that although the
significance of the zodiac on the sex ratio has been decreasing since
the early 1970s, it still has a measurable
impact.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:10544 Shaw,
Chris. The sex ratio at birth in England and Wales.
Population Trends, No. 57, Autumn 1989. 26-9 pp. London, England. In
Eng.
"After a period of around forty years where the sex ratio at
birth in England and Wales remained roughly constant at around 106 male
births for every 100 female births, there has been a decline during the
1980s and the 1988 ratio of 104.8 male births per 100 female births is
the lowest figure recorded since 1933. The causes of variation in the
sex ratio at birth are still largely unknown although associations have
been found with a number of variables, both medical/biological and
demographic. Sex ratios are lower, for example, for births to
overseas-born mothers and for maternities resulting in multiple births.
However, neither the growing ethnic minority population nor the
increase in the number of multiple births in recent years can account
for the overall decline in the sex ratio."
Correspondence:
C. Shaw, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Demographic
Analysis and Vital Statistics Division, St. Catherines House, 10
Kingsway, London WC2 6JP, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
56:10545 Sunami,
Shigeo. The relationship between the recent average life
span and food and tobacco in Japan. Minzoku Eisei/Japanese Journal
of Health and Human Ecology, Vol. 54, No. 6, Nov 1988. 316-21 pp.
Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn. with sum. in Eng.
The relationship between
changes in food consumption and smoking and life expectancy in Japan
from 1965 to 1980 is analyzed. The results indicate that an increase
in milk consumption in particular is associated with an increase in
life expectancy.
Correspondence: S. Sunami, Kawasaki
Medical School, Department of Public Health, Kawasaki, Japan.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
56:10546 Zarutskie,
Paul W.; Muller, Charles H.; Magone, Margaret; Soules, Michael
R. The clinical relevance of sex selection
techniques. Fertility and Sterility, Vol. 52, No. 6, Dec 1989.
891-905 pp. Birmingham, Alabama. In Eng.
"Considering that the
implications of sex selection are medical, social, and personal, it is
the purpose of this paper to (1) review natural fluctuations in the sex
ratio, (2) discuss the variables that have been associated with
observed changes in the sex ratio, and (3) summarize current sexual and
laboratory methods that are used in an attempt to alter the sex
ratio."
Correspondence: P. W. Zarutskie, University of
Washington School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
RH-20, Seattle, WA 98195. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:10547 Black, Dan
A.; Hayes, K. J.; Slottje, D. J. Demographic change and
inequality in the size distributions of labor and nonlabor income.
Review of Income and Wealth, Vol. 35, No. 3, Sep 1989. 283-96 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper utilizes a joint distribution
model of labor and nonlabor income that allows us to analyze the impact
of demographic change in the U.S. on the marginal distributions of
these two income components over time....We examined the impact of
changes over time in labor force participation and population on the
marginal distributions of labor and nonlabor income. We disaggregated
the variables by sex and age cohorts and found that changes in the age
distribution and in the labor supply behavior of women in particular
has had a significant effect on the marginal income distributions over
time. We also found that the results vary when we examined overall
changes in the labor force participation rate vis a vis changes in
women's labor force participation separately. The findings are
consistent for both income components."
Correspondence: D.
A. Black, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
56:10548 Boyce,
James K. Population growth and real wages of agricultural
labourers in Bangladesh. Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 25,
No. 4, Jul 1989. 467-89 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"A long-run
negative impact of population growth upon real wages is neither
theoretically self-evident nor, in the case of rural Bangladesh,
empirically clear-cut. In addition to its negative 'labour supply
effect', population growth may have a postitive 'labour demand effect'
upon wages. The latter may help to explain why Bangladeshi districts
with higher rural population densities have higher agricultural wages,
and why districts with more rapid population growth in the first half
of this century subsequently experienced slower-than-average real wage
declines. An investigation of agricultural growth and agrarian
structure as mediating variables in the population-wage relation
indicates that changes in average operational holding size, inequality
of landholdings, and the extent and nature of tenancy contributed to
this result."
Correspondence: J. K. Boyce, University of
Massachusetts, Department of Economics, Amherst, MA 01003.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
56:10549 Dalto, Guy
C. A structural approach to women's hometime and
experience-earnings profiles: maternity leave and public policy.
Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 8, No. 3, Sep 1989. 247-66
pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The differential availability
of maternity leave benefits is shown to be an important factor in the
earnings attainment process of women. Interaction effects with this job
characteristic are found for experience, occupational status, and
crowding. The human capital model's explanation of the relationship
between women's hometime, women's job choice, and public policy is
critically examined. The results indicate that the provision of
adequate child care needs to be coupled with parental leave policies if
women are to make significant gains in earnings from reducing their
time spent at home."
Correspondence: G. C. Dalto,
Birmingham-Southern College, Department of Sociology, Birmingham, AL
35254. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:10550 Hansson,
Ingemar; Stuart, Charles. Social Security as trade among
living generations. American Economic Review, Vol. 79, No. 5, Dec
1989. 1,182-95 pp. Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
"We model [U.S.]
Social Security that is legislated endogeneously by living generations.
Specifically, we consider the effects of Social Security on resource
allocation and Pareto optimality, examining which generations gain from
Social Security and whether some generations lose. Because saving and
transfer decisions are made sequentially in the real world, we use an
infinite-horizon, overlapping-generations framework in which life-cycle
saving and transfers to the old are determined by living agents. We
focus on the case in which agents are altruistic but place sufficiently
greater weight on own comsumption than on the consumption of agents in
other generations so that, starting from a steady state without Social
Security, living agents would gain utility if consumption were shifted
marginally to them from later generations."
Correspondence:
I. Hansson, Ministry of Finance, 103 33 Stockholm, Sweden.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
56:10551 House,
William J. Socio-economic and demographic characteristics
of income distribution in Cyprus. Population and Labour Policies
Programme Working Paper, No. 167, ISBN 92-2-106881-1. Jul 1989. ix, 85
pp. International Labour Office [ILO]: Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng.
The author presents an overview of the socioeconomic and
demographic characteristics of income distribution in Cyprus. "Data is
presented on how the distribution of expenditure varies along with
demographic characteristics of households (e.g. age, sex, household
size, dependency, household structure, education, marital status) and
economic characteristics of households (e.g. labour force
participation, work intensity, work status, sector, occupation).
Income and expenditure inequalities are found to be relatively moderate
in Cyprus....It is also found...that older persons in Cyprus are
relatively disadvantaged in terms of income and
expenditure...."
Correspondence: ILO Publications, Route
des Morillons, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:10552 Jensen,
Leif; Tienda, Marta. Nonmetropolitan minority families in
the United States: trends in racial and ethnic economic
stratification, 1959-1986. Rural Sociology, Vol. 54, No. 4, Winter
1989. 509-32 pp. Bozeman, Montana. In Eng.
"This paper traces the
economic status of nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) black, Mexican and
American Indian families during the period 1959 to 1986. Analysis of
1960, 1970, 1980, and 1987 U.S. Census Bureau data revealed substantial
improvement in the economic status of rural minority families between
1959 and 1979....However, nonmetro black and Mexican family incomes
deteriorated substantially in the ensuing seven years. The shift in
residence toward urban areas contributed to the 1959-1979 decline in
minority poverty, although American Indians benefited considerably more
than blacks or Mexicans from this mechanism. Furthermore, labor market
commitment has a greater ameliorative effect on family poverty for all
groups than does public assistance. That poverty among nonmetro
minorities improved in response to increasing labor supply is a
policy-relevant finding discussed in the
conclusions."
Correspondence: L. Jensen, Pennsylvania State
University, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology,
University Park, PA 16802. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:10553 Lam,
David. Population growth, age structure, and age-specific
productivity. Does a uniform age distribution minimize lifetime
wages? Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 2, No. 3, 1989.
189-210 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany, Federal Republic of. In
Eng.
"Motivated by empirical evidence that fluctuations in age
structure affect relative wages across age groups, this paper asks
whether there is a steady-state age distribution that maximizes the
lifetime wages of a representative worker. The paper proves the
surprising result that in a pure labor economy with any constant
returns technology, a uniform age distribution minimizes lifetime
wages. Skewed age distributions, generated by either positive or
negative population growth rates, generate unambiguously higher
lifetime wages than a stationary population, in spite of possible
reductions in per capita output in every period. The presence of
non-labor factors complicates, but does not necessarily reverse, this
result. The paper relates the beneficial effects of higher rates of
population growth on lifetime wages in a pure labor economy with
imperfect substitutability across age groups to the benefits of
population growth that appear in overlapping-generation consumption
loan models with intergenerational
transfers."
Correspondence: D. Lam, IPEA/INPES, Av. Pres.
Antonio Carlos 51, andar 14, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20020, Brazil.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:10554 Lapkoff,
Shelley F. Population nonstability and cohort lifetime
income. Pub. Order No. DA8916748. 1988. 174 pp. University
Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
The author
studies shifts in population age structure and their impact on the
labor market, income, and retirement programs using data from the
United States. "This thesis measures how rates of return are affected
by the underlying demographics, and evaluates the success of different
structures for a pay-as-you-go system in minimizing differences among
cohorts. A new structure for a retirement program is discussed that
yields rates of return for all cohorts, despite population
nonstability."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at
the University of California at Berkeley.
Correspondence:
University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI
48106. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A:
Humanities and Social Sciences 50(4).
56:10555 Lerman,
Robert I.; Lerman, Donald L. Income sources and income
inequality: measurements from three U.S. income surveys. Journal
of Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1989. 167-79 pp.
Springfield, Virginia/Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper
examines the contribution of individual income sources to overall
inequality [in the United States]. It provides new evidence from the
Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) on the marginal effects of earnings
of family heads, capital income, spouses' earnings, and housing income.
The results differ from an earlier study based on the Current
Population Survey (CPS). In the SCF, capital income is more
disequalizing while spouses' earnings is more equalizing than in the
CPS. SCF measures of the effects of housing income are similar to those
based on the Survey of Residential
Finance."
Correspondence: R. I. Lerman, American
University, Department of Economics, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue NW,
Washington, D.C. 20016-8029. Location: Princeton University
Library (SF).
56:10556 Ray,
Ranjan. The behavioural and welfare implications of
housing demand under rationing. The United Kingdom experience.
Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 2, No. 3, 1989. 211-24 pp. New
York, New York/Berlin, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Eng.
"The
present study investigates, on pooled budget data (1968/1985) from
United Kingdom Family Expenditure Surveys, the consequences of relaxing
the assumption of free choice in housing, while continuing to maintain
the assumption of unrationed demand for other items. Since the demand
equations are estimated jointly as a system, introducing rationed
demand for one item will have consequences for the other demand
equations. We investigate the nature and magnitude of such changes
using the framework of a general demographic demand system that allows
for non-linear/non-separable commodity demand behaviour and also
permits the equivalence scales to vary between the rationed and
unrationed items." The author finds that "unlike in previous studies,
the rationed demand system fails to reject linear
preferences."
Correspondence: R. Ray, University of
Manchester, Faculty of Economics, Department of Econometrics,
Manchester M13 9PL, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
56:10557 Sastry, M.
L.; Szyrmer, J.; Weeks, M. Economic-demographic linkages
in an extended U.S. input-output model: the impact of income and
age. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1989.
303-20 pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In this
paper we extend the traditional Miyazawa framework to analyze the
interrelations between income, age and income-age subgroups in the
income formation process. Our model is constructed using the 1972 U.S.
input-output table and data from the 1972 Consumer Expenditure Survey,
the 1972 National Income and Product Accounts and the 1980
Census....Our results show that the income-age disaggregation adds
considerable information to a household endogenous input-output model
and that multiplier values and trends vary significantly with income
base specification."
Correspondence: M. L. Sastry, U.S.
Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic
Analysis Division, 1401 K Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20230.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
56:10558 Smith, N.;
Westergard-Nielsen, N. Wage differentials due to
gender. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 1, No. 2, Oct 1988.
115-30 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany, Federal Republic of. In
Eng.
"In this paper, a longitudinal data set covering 5% of all
Danish wage earners over a 9-year period is used to shed light on the
observed wage differentials due to gender. A human capital model is
used to isolate the effects of changes in experience, schooling and
unemployment, together with other factors....Despite the observation
from macro statistics that women have had the highest observed
increases in wage rates, the models show that this increase is mainly
due to an improvement in their background characteristics and that men
still receive a higher return to their characteristics. The main
difference between genders appears to be that female workers do not, in
general, get any return to their experience. The estimates also show
negative effects on the wage rate of previous spells of
unemployment."
Correspondence: N. Smith, University of
Aarhus, Institute of Political Sciences, Universitetsparken, DK-8000
Aarhus C, Denmark. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
56:10559 von
Weizsacker, R. K. Age structure and income distribution
policy. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 1, No. 1, Jun 1988.
33-55 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany, Federal Republic of. In
Eng.
"The dependence of earnings on age is a firmly established
empirical fact. A simple microeconomic model of educational choice,
being consistent with this observation, is designed. The model lends
itself readily to aggregation over individuals and age groups. Thus,
relations can be set up between economic variables influencing the
aggregate distribution of labour incomes and demographic variables
determining the age structure of the population. The main results of
the present study are...overall earnings inequality is shown to be an
increasing function of life expectancy and a decreasing function of
fertility, [and] the effectiveness of redistributive policies is
sensitive to the age composition. In particular, the
inequality-reducing effect of a one percent income tax rise is shown to
be the smaller the older the population."
Correspondence:
R. K. von Weizsacker, University of Bonn, Department of Economics,
Adenauerallee 24-42, D-5300 Bonn 1, Federal Republic of Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:10560 Wilson,
Franklin D.; Tienda, Marta. Employment returns to
migration. Urban Geography, Vol. 10, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1989. 540-61
pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"This paper examines whether
migration between 1975 and 1980 affected the likelihood of being
employed in 1980 among black, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and non-Hispanic
white men. Multivariate statistical analyses of the [U.S.] Public Use
Microdata Samples of the 1980 decennial census reveal that migration
did not increase the likelihood of being employed among the native-born
population, especially black, Mexican, and Puerto Rican men. Only the
foreign-born who migrated between 1975-1980 increased their likelihood
of being employed. The findings move us one step closer to
understanding how migration alters the job prospects of native minority
men."
Correspondence: F. D. Wilson, University of
Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology, 4412 Social Science
Building, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1393.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
56:10561 Boyd,
Robert L. Childlessness and social mobility during the
baby boom. Sociological Spectrum, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1989. 425-38 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"America's post-war baby boom was an
era of high fertility and widespread pronatalism. Supposedly, few
couples during this time were childless by choice. However, by using a
special census sample, this study shows that voluntary childlessness
was relatively common in certain upwardly mobile segments of the
population during the baby boom. In particular, the results support
the classic Dumont-Banks model of status enhancement and fertility,
which states that couples with the greatest disadvantages must make the
greatest sacrifices of child-centered behavior. The theoretical
implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions for future
research proposed."
Correspondence: R. L. Boyd, University
of North Carolina, Department of Sociology, Chapel Hill, NC 27514.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
56:10562 Nakano,
Eiko. Regional differences of the life course pattern
among Japanese married women. Jinko Mondai Kenkyu/Journal of
Population Problems, Vol. 45, No. 2; 191, Jul 1989. 35-45 pp. Tokyo,
Japan. In Jpn. with sum. in Eng.
Regional differences in the life
cycles of married Japanese women are examined. The life cycle pattern
of marriage, childbearing, retirement from work, and resumption of work
is compared among four areas of Japan using data from a 1984 labor
force survey.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
56:10563 Allen,
James P.; Turner, Eugene. The most ethnically diverse
urban places in the United States. Urban Geography, Vol. 10, No.
6, Nov-Dec 1989. 523-39 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"Using
1980 U.S. census data, we ranked all urban places over 10,000 in
population according to the relative ethnic diversity of their
populations, as measured by the entropy index....The results show that
larger cities are usually highly diverse, but the most diverse urban
places are found throughout the full range of population sizes. The
places that ranked highest in ethnic diversity are usually part of a
metropolitan area, most commonly in the Los Angeles and the San
Francisco areas. A number of places in the New York City-northern New
Jersey area and others in south Florida, Texas, and Hawaii also ranked
high. The most ethnically diverse places are highly varied in
demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, but army posts
constitute a distinctive type. In contrast, the least diverse urban
places tend to be small in size, suburban or nonmetropolitan, strongly
white with very few minorities, and located in the Northeast and
Midwest."
Correspondence: J. P. Allen, California State
University, Department of Geography, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge,
CA 91330. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
56:10564 Estaville,
Lawrence E. The Louisiana French in 1900. Journal of
Historical Geography, Vol. 14, No. 4, Oct 1988. 342-59 pp. New York,
New York/London, England. In Eng.
A variety of sources are used to
analyze the geographical patterns of the Louisiana French population at
the end of the nineteenth century. The author hypothesizes that this
was a period of critical and tumultuous transformation during which an
aggressive Anglo-Saxon population displaced the French as Louisiana's
predominant population. A gradation-modeling approach is used to
examine the relative decline of French cultural influence from its
geographic core. "Fifty-four economic, social, and political variables
drawn primarily from the 1900 manuscript census schedules were tested
statistically against the gradational morphology. The findings of this
study challenge several important traditional interpretations of the
Louisiana French."
Correspondence: L. E. Estaville, Clemson
University, Department of History, Clemson, SC 29634.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
56:10565 Fleischer,
Henning. Trends in the number of aliens since 1987.
[Entwicklung der Auslanderzahl seit 1987.] Wirtschaft und Statistik,
No. 9, Sep 1989. 594-9 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of. In
Ger.
Trends in the foreign population in West Germany since 1987
are examined. Data are from the Central Register of Foreigners and the
1987 census. Information is included on methodological problems,
population size, foreigners as a percentage of the total population,
births and deaths, international migration, refugees, regional
distribution, and nationality.
Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
56:10566
Hayes-Bautista, David E.; Schink, Werner O.; Chapa,
Jorge. The burden of support: young Latinos in an aging
society. ISBN 0-8047-1371-5. LC 87-33564. 1988. xx, 196 pp.
Stanford University Press: Stanford, California. In Eng.
Demographic and socioeconomic trends among the Latino population of
the United States are analyzed, with a focus on California.
Specifically, the authors examine possible effects of the demographic
aging of the Anglo baby-boom generation and the growth of the
relatively young Latino population. The book begins by describing a
worst-case scenario for California in 2030. The past, present, and
future dynamics of California's population are then outlined. Chapters
are included on the age-ethnic gap, employment and income, education,
health care, and political participation. The study concludes with a
best-case scenario for California in 2030.
Correspondence:
Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA 94305. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
56:10567 Siggner,
Andrew J. The Inuit. Canadian Social Trends, No. 15,
Winter 1989. 8-10 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng.
The socioeconomic
status of the Inuit, or Eskimo population, of Canada is briefly
reviewed based on data from the 1986 census. The Inuit age structure,
geographical concentration, and migration patterns are
discussed.
Correspondence: A. J. Siggner, Statistics
Canada, Housing, Family and Social Statistics Division, Aboriginal Data
Unit, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
56:10568 United
States. Bureau of the Census (Washington, D.C.). The black
population in the United States: March 1988. Current Population
Reports, Series P-20: Population Characteristics, No. 442, Nov 1989.
iv, 55 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This report presents a
statistical portrait of the demographic, social, and economic status of
[U.S.] Blacks based on the March 1988 Current Population Survey (CPS).
Topics included are population distribution, age, sex, marital status,
education, family composition, employment, income, and poverty status.
The report focuses on changes that have occurred in the Black
population nationally and regionally since 1980. Data are presented
for two regions: the South and the North and West
combined."
Correspondence: Superintendent of Documents,
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
