55:30604 Akimov, A.
V. An economic-demographic model for global population
projection. [Ekonomiko-demograficheskaya model' dlya global'nogo
demograficheskogo prognozirovaniya.] In: Metody issledovaniya, edited
by A. G. Vishnevskii. 1986. 151-69, 182 pp. Mysl': Moscow, USSR. In
Rus. with sum. in Eng.
The author presents a model for projection
of worldwide trends in demographic development. The model takes into
account past experience concerning the demographic transition as well
as the impact of socioeconomic factors on future demographic
trends.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30605 Boulding,
Kenneth E. Population factors in development
economics. In: Population and resources in Western intellectual
traditions, edited by Michael S. Teitelbaum and Jay M. Winter. 1989.
262-80 pp. Cambridge University Press: New York, New York/Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
The author traces the role of population factors
in economic development theory from Adam Smith to the present day. The
essay is divided into three main sections on the conditions for
economic development, the reliance on equilibrium theory when
development is in disequilibrium, and new approaches in development
economics.
Correspondence: K. E. Boulding, University of
Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science, Boulder, CO 80309.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30606 Astorga
Almanza, Luis A. Genealogy and criticism of "population
policies" in Mexico. [Genealogia y critica de la "politica de
poblacion" en Mexico.] Cuadernos de Investigacion Social, No. 16, 1987.
153 pp. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de
Investigaciones Sociales: Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa.
The author
describes the change in values and attitudes in the field of
demographic research in Mexico over the past 30 years. He notes a
shift from a general agreement that population growth was desirable to
a growing consensus that the rate of population growth has to be
reduced if the country is to achieve its objectives in social and
economic development.
Correspondence: Universidad Nacional
Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, Ciudad
Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City D.F., Mexico. Location: New
York Public Library.
55:30607 Hess, Peter
N. Static and dynamic cross-sections: inferences for the
contemporary fertility transition. Carolina Population Center
Paper, No. 88-17, May 1988. 25 pp. University of North Carolina,
Carolina Population Center: Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In Eng.
"A
simple two equation simultaneous model for aggregate fertility change
and economic growth is estimated for a cross-section of 57 developing
nations. Static and dynamic versions of the sample are compared.
Regression diagnostics are applied to both sets of estimations to
assess the sensitivity of the results to multicollinearity and to
identify outlier nations. The conclusion reached is that there are
significant differences between the static and dynamic versions of the
model. Thus caution is warranted with respect to purely static
analyses of the contemporary fertility transition."
This is a
revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1988 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index,
Vol. 54, No. 3, Fall 1988, p. 489).
Correspondence:
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, West Franklin
Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
55:30608 MacNeill,
Jim. Strategies for sustainable economic development.
Scientific American, Vol. 261, No. 3, Sep 1989. 154-65 pp. New York,
New York. In Eng.
The author reviews the work of the World
Commission on Environment and Development, established by the United
Nations in 1983, and discusses economic development and ways in which
it can be reconciled with environmental needs. Consideration is given
to poverty, debt, and financial flows in developing countries; resource
dependence in the third world; the cost of achieving sustainable
development; and the impact of military spending on human welfare and
natural resource protection budgeting.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SW).
55:30609 Mehta,
Swarnjit; Mehta, H. S. Political economy of population
growth. Population Geography, Vol. 9, No. 1-2, Jun-Dec 1987. 1-15
pp. Chandigarh, India. In Eng.
"This paper focuses on the political
economy of population growth. Exposing the limitations of Malthusian
ideas and their invalidity even for the capitalist economies, it
discusses the subsequent revival of [the] Malthusian model during the
period of de-colonisation and the misinterpretation of the relationship
between population growth and development in...developing and developed
countries." The authors briefly examine trends in the birth rate in
India, China, and Japan, and then provide a more detailed analysis of
population growth in India.
Correspondence: S. Mehta,
Department of Geography, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30610 Nuqui,
Wilfredo G. The Philippine development plan, population
program and poverty alleviation. NUPRI Research Paper Series, No.
51, Apr 1989. v, 45 pp. Nihon University, Population Research
Institute: Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
"The objectives of this paper are:
to examine the various aspects and dimensions of Philippine poverty
within the context of the Philippine Development Plan and the National
Population Program, and to identify issues and areas of concern where
policy intervention, program changes, and other actions are needed to
attain poverty alleviation and population growth targets in the
development process." The author makes recommendations concerning
changes in macroeconomic structure, agrarian systems, debt reduction
programs, fertility reduction measures, and education, health, and
nutrition services.
Correspondence: Population Research
Institute, Nihon University, 3-2, Misaki-cho 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
101, Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30611 Okita,
Saburo. Economic development and population. Populi,
Vol. 16, No. 1, Mar 1989. 48-58 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
This is an excerpt from a lecture in honor of Rafael M. Salas,
founder of the United Nations Population Fund. The author discusses
population and development in light of the Japanese experience and
compares this with the situation in developing countries. Six factors
are identified as being important in reducing the birth rate in
currently developing countries: "broad-based primary education, an
increase in the income level, improved nutrition, a decline in infant
mortality, a rise in the social position of women and decisive
governmental action in population policies." Also discussed are the
global environment and its interrelationship with
development.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30612 Ratcliffe,
John W. China's population policies: attempting to
"resolve the wrong problem"? [Les politique chinoises de
population: essai pour "resoudre le faux probleme"?] Politiques de
Population: Etudes et Documents, Vol. 3, No. 4, Mar 1989. 5-88 pp.
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Fre.
The hypothesis is developed that
international efforts to resolve population problems have failed
because of two basic misconceptions. The first concerns how the
population problem has been defined, and the second concerns the nature
of the relationship thought to exist between population factors and the
process of socioeconomic development. The example of China is used to
illustrate the hypothesis. The author suggests that the path to
reductions in fertility lies through the successful achievement of
social development, which would improve the general quality of life and
in turn lead to the desire for fewer children.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30613 Ruiz,
Lucia; Bilsborrow, Richard. Demographic effect of rural
development projects: a case study of Ecuador. Carolina
Population Center Paper, No. 88-26, Sep 1988. 25, 2, [6] pp. University
of North Carolina, Carolina Population Center: Chapel Hill, North
Carolina. In Eng.
The authors examine several integrated rural
development projects in Ecuador and assess their demographic effects.
It is noted that the aim of Ecuador's rural development policy is to
reduce mortality, fertility, and rural-urban migration and to promote
economic and social development. Data were collected from projects
begun during the period 1981-1985.
Correspondence: Carolina
Population Center, University of North Carolina, West Franklin Street,
Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
55:30614
Safilios-Rothschild, Constantina. The agricultural
production and income of wives left in charge of farming in Nyeri,
Kenya. In: African Population Conference/Congres Africain de
Population, Dakar, Senegal, November/novembre 7-12, 1988. Vol. 3, 1988.
6.1.47-60 pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of
Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
The author compares the
agricultural productivity of female and male farmers in Kenya. Due to
extensive male labor migration, women in rural Kenya are often left to
run the farm. Using data collected in a small rural village during
1985 and 1986, the author finds that "men's and women's agricultural
productivity and income depend more on the institutional conditions
prevailing in the area than upon the gender of the
farmer."
Correspondence: C. Safilios-Rothschild, 240 East
47th Street, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
55:30615 Seoane,
Marta H. Demographic factors in Argentine development: a
comparative analysis with Canada and Australia. 1988. University
of Southern California: Los Angeles, California. In Eng.
"This
dissertation deals with the possible effect of demographic factors in
the development of Argentina. For this purpose, Argentina is compared
with two other New World countries--Canada and Australia--which are
roughly similar in basic resources, European background, and timing of
settlement. It is found that historically, especially during the
period from 1850 to 1930, Argentina had a higher birth rate, a higher
rate of natural increase, and a greater rate of migration than the
other two countries had. As a consequence it had a more rapid increase
of population and as of 1986 had 5.029 million more people than Canada
and 14.786 million more than Australia." Consideration is given to
population sizes, migration, labor force, income, infant mortality,
education, and the overall development of Argentina. The author
develops the hypothesis that Argentina has placed emphasis on expansion
of population numbers rather than on improving the quality of the labor
force, and that this has had an impact on the rate of economic
development.
Correspondence: Micrographics Department,
Doheny Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
90089-0892. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A:
Humanities and Social Sciences 49(8).
55:30616 Sharma,
Miriam; Vanjani, Urmila. Women's work is never done:
dairy 'development' and health in the lives of rural women in
Rajasthan. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 24, No. 17, Apr 29,
1989. WS 38-44 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
The authors examine the
impact of a governmental dairy development project on the lives of poor
women in a rural Indian village. "A description of Shankpur village
also looks at patterns of women's work and their general health. A
third section details the dairy 'camp' and events that transpired
during the training. The next analyses the implementation of the
scheme within the realities of women's existence, while the conclusion
presents a critical assessment of its implications for women's work,
health, and development."
Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
55:30617 Srinivasan,
K. Developmental and demographic changes in India since
independence. LC 88-900526. 1987. iv, 34, [7] pp. J. S. S.
Institute of Economic Research: Dharwad, India. In Eng.
Socioeconomic development and demographic trends in India since
independece in 1947 are reviewed. Comparisons are made with 12 other
large developing countries. The author concludes that the country has
been relatively more successful in influencing demographic change than
in achieving satisfactory levels of
development.
Correspondence: J. S. S. Institute of Economic
Research, Vidyagiri, Dharwad 580 004, India. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30618 Tabbarah,
Riad. Human resources development and its population
dimension in the Arab world. Population Bulletin of ESCWA, No. 32,
Jun 1988. 3-29 pp. Baghdad, Iraq. In Eng.
"After tracing the
genesis and evolution of human resources development and its role in
economic development, the study provides a definition of this
multi-disciplinary concept at the micro and macro level. It goes on to
describe the human resources situation [specifically population growth
and distribution and international migration] in the Arab world at the
macro-level and stresses that, in the context of underdevelopment,
strict economic criteria should not be applied to human resources
development. Finally, the study outlines a number of urgent measures
that need to be undertaken in the Arab
region."
Correspondence: R. Tabbarah, Social Development
and Population Division, U.N. Economic and Social Commission for
Western Asia, P.O. Box 27, Baghdad, Iraq. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
55:30619 Weeks,
John. Economic crisis and household survival strategies in
Sub-Saharan Africa. In: African Population Conference/Congres
Africain de Population, Dakar, Senegal, November/novembre 7-12, 1988.
Vol. 3, 1988. 6.1.21-45 pp. International Union for the Scientific
Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"The argument
of this paper is that for the last two decades the monetary sectors of
African economies have been constrained by export demand. So severe has
been the constraint that the monetary sectors have in several cases
virtually collapsed. This collapse has driven households, both urban
and rural to subsistence production. The constraints on subsistence
production in urban areas [have] had the effect of de-urbanizing urban
areas, in the sense of stimulating links to rural areas through
extended families and expanding urban agriculture. It is a mistake to
view these changes as bringing about allocative efficiency. So severe
has been the African economic crisis that the [Sub-Saharan] region is
in a process of economic reversion (of 'involution'), which is in its
essence not merely economic decline but a process of de-modernization
and underdeveloping."
Correspondence: J. Weeks, Economics
Department, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30620 Auerbach,
Alan J.; Kotlikoff, Laurence J.; Hagemann, Robert; Nicoletti,
Giuseppe. The dynamics of an aging population: the case
of four OECD countries. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 2797, 1989.
34, [19] pp. National Bureau of Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge,
Massachusetts. In Eng.
A demographic simulation model is used to
examine the effects of impending demographic changes, particularly
demographic aging, in Japan, the Federal Republic of Germany, Sweden,
and the United States. "The simulation results indicate that these
changes will have a major impact on rates of national saving, real wage
rate and current accounts. One of this paper's fundamental lessons is
that allowing for general equilibrium adjustments reduces the adverse
welfare effects of increasing dependency ratios. Nevertheless, the
welfare costs, and particularly their distributions across cohorts,
pose serious challenges for policy makers in some
cases."
Correspondence: NBER, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge, MA 02138. Location: University of Pennsylvania,
Demography Library, Philadelphia, PA.
55:30621 Chaloupek,
Gunther; Lamel, Joachim; Richter, Josef. Population
decline and the economy: scenarios for Austria up to 2051.
[Bevolkerungsruckgang und Wirtschaft: Szenarien bis 2051 fur
Osterreich.] Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Beitrage, No. 4, ISBN
3-7908-0400-2. LC 88-154239. 1988. vi, 470 pp. Physica-Verlag:
Heidelberg, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger. with sum. in Eng.
This is a collective work in which a number of different scholars
examine aspects of projected population trends in Austria up to the
year 2051, with particular reference to their implications for the
country's economy. Consideration is also given to the financial
implications of demographic trends such as demographic aging and their
effects on pensions, intergenerational transfers, and public
expenditures for health and education. With regard to the impact of
demographic changes on employment, the study considers the decline in
both the demand for and the supply of labor. It is concluded that all
likely scenarios lead to a loss in overall economic welfare in terms of
national accounts. The political choices available to mitigate the
effect of this loss, such as a change in retirement age or an increase
in immigration, are discussed.
Correspondence:
Physica-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstrasse 17, D-6900 Heidelberg 1, Federal
Republic of Germany. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
55:30622 Karaman,
Igor. The beginnings of the demographic transition in
Croatia and its socioeconomic foundations (until 1918). [Poceci
tranzicije stanovnistva u Hrvatskoj i njihova socioekonomska osnova (do
1918).] Sociologija Sela, Vol. 24, No. 91-94, 1986. 63-78 pp. Zagreb,
Yugoslavia. In Scr. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
This is a historical
survey of the process of modernization and the formulation of political
and economic systems in Croatia, Yugoslavia, from the mid-nineteenth
century to the present. Population dynamics and concurrent demographic
transitions are addressed.
Correspondence: I. Karaman,
Faculty of Economics, University of Zagreb, Trg Marsala Tita 14, POB
815, 4100 Zagreb, Yogoslavia. Location: Columbia University
Library, New York, NY.
55:30623 Martin,
Linda G. The graying of Japan. Population Bulletin,
Vol. 44, No. 2, Jul 1989. 43 pp. Population Reference Bureau:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Current trends and future prospects
concerning demographic aging in Japan are reviewed. The author notes
that although family support for the elderly has been strong
traditionally, the recent decline in parental coresidence with children
indicates a change in such support. The government's attempts to
encourage employment of the elderly and to raise the pension
eligibility age are also described. It is concluded that demographic
aging is unlikely to lead to economic decline, as restructuring of the
economy and overseas investment should keep the economy growing in the
long run.
Correspondence: Population Reference Bureau, 777
14th Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
55:30624 Andel,
Jiri. Searching for the connections between the quality of
the environment and selected demographic characteristics. [Hledani
souvislosti mezi kvalitou zivotniho prostredi a vybranymi
demografickymi charakteristikami.] Demografie, Vol. 31, No. 2, 1989.
105-16 pp. Prague, Czechoslovakia. In Cze. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The relationship between changes in demographic variables and the
deterioration of the environment is explored. The data concern the
North Bohemian region of Czechoslovakia, the area with the most damaged
environment, as well as the Czech part of Czechoslovakia. The results
show that environmental deterioration has a negative effect on total
mortality, infant mortality, health-related migration, and
abortion.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30625 Bilsborrow,
Richard E.; Stupp, Paul W. The effects of population
growth on agriculture in Guatemala. Carolina Population Center
Paper, No. 88-24, Sep 1988. 20, 3, 6 pp. University of North Carolina,
Carolina Population Center: Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In Eng.
"The purpose of this paper has been to stimulate recognition of the
key linkages between population growth/distribution and agriculture,
including environmental stress, based on an overview of the situation
in Central America, particularly Guatemala. [The authors describe]
four problem areas...(1) growing lack of food security and dependence
on imports, (2) increasing land fragmentation and rural poverty, (3)
rural underemployment and out-migration, and (4) deforestation and
environmental stress in rural areas." Policy problems are also
examined.
Correspondence: Carolina Population Center,
University of North Carolina, West Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC
27516-3997. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30626 Davis,
Kingsley; Bernstam, Mikhail S.; Sellers, Helen M.
Population and resources in a changing world: current
readings. LC 89-60189. 1989. xii, 532 pp. Stanford University,
Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies: Stanford,
California. In Eng.
This is a collection of 37 articles published
primarily in the last three years on the interrelationship between
population and resources. The first section includes four papers on
population theory and demographic trends. In the second section,
demographic aspects are examined, including projections, fertility, age
structure, and urbanization. Resources relevant to population are then
discussed, with separate consideration given to energy, fresh water,
land, food, biological resources, and the atmosphere. The geographical
scope is worldwide.
Correspondence: Morrison Institute for
Population and Resource Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
95305. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30627 Diejomaoh,
Vremudia P. Population growth, land use, and food
self-sufficiency in Africa: an overview. In: African Population
Conference/Congres Africain de Population, Dakar, Senegal,
November/novembre 7-12, 1988. Vol. 3, 1988. 6.2.1-21 pp. International
Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium.
In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"In this paper we shall attempt to relate
the issue of population growth in Africa to the question of food
self-sufficiency with emphasis on the links between population growth
and land use, and between land use and the food self-sufficiency
objective." Sections are included on past trends in food production
and food self-sufficiency in relation to population growth and the
African drought and famine, changes in land use patterns, and the
possibility of future African food
self-sufficiency.
Correspondence: V. P. Diejomaoh, ILO/Jobs
and Skills Programme for Africa, POB 2788, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30628 Kidane,
Asmerom. Demographic consequences of the 1984-1985
Ethiopian famine. Demography, Vol. 26, No. 3, Aug 1989. 515-22 pp.
Alexandria, Virginia. In Eng.
"This article analyzes demographic
responses to the 1984-1985 Ethiopian famine and compares them with
Bongaarts and Cain's (1982) hypothesized responses. After briefly
describing the data collection, I estimate the age distribution and the
age-specific mortality and fertility rates of Ethiopian famine victims
in a resettlement area and compare these with mortality estimates for
the 1972-1973 Bangladesh famine and with fertility estimates from the
1981 Ethiopian demographic survey. The results show that the mortality
rate among Ethiopian famine victims was about seven times higher than
the rate among the Bangladesh victims and that the Ethiopian
famine-related mortality was general and not a function of household
socioeconomic variables. The data also show a 26 percent lower total
fertility rate among famine victims."
For the article by John
Bongaarts and Mead Cain, published in 1982, see 48:10730.
Correspondence: A. Kidane, Department of Statistics, Addis
Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
55:30629 Kneese,
Allen V. The economics of natural resources. In:
Population and resources in Western intellectual traditions, edited by
Michael S. Teitelbaum and Jay M. Winter. 1989. 281-309 pp. Cambridge
University Press: New York, New York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
This is an introduction to theoretical aspects of natural resource
economics. The author notes that an interdisciplinary approach is
necessary to the study of the use and abuse of natural
resources.
Correspondence: A. V. Kneese, Resources for the
Future, 1755 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20036.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30630 Mellor,
John W. The intertwining of environmental problems and
poverty. Environment, Vol. 30, No. 9, Nov 1988. 8-13, 28-30 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The close link between environmental
problems and poverty in developing countries is reviewed, with
particular reference to the impact of growing populations on the
environment. Separate consideration is given to the relationships
between population and income and between poverty and
health.
Correspondence: J. W. Mellor, International Food
Policy Research Institute, 1776 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington,
D.C. 20036. Location: Princeton University Library (ST).
55:30631 Simon,
Julian L. Lebensraum. Paradoxically, population growth
may eventually end wars. Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 33,
No. 1, Mar 1989. 164-80 pp. Newbury Park, California/London, England.
In Eng.
It is argued that population growth may eventually end wars
by "progressively [reducing] one of the motives for making war.
Namely, population growth threatens shortages of resources, and
especially land. Impending shortages cause a search for ways to
mitigate the shortages. The discoveries eventually produce greater
availability of resources than if population growth and pressure on
resources had never occurred. The argument runs as follows: (1)
Rhetoric about resource scarcity induced by population density has
often contributed to international conflict, even if economics has not
been the main motive in making war. (2) In the pre-modern era, war to
obtain land and other natural resources may sometimes have been an
economically sound policy. (3) Politicians and others in industrially
developed nations believe resources may still be a casus belli. (4)
Land and other productive resources are no longer worth acquiring at
the cost of war."
Correspondence: J. L. Simon, College of
Business and Management, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
20742. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30632 Teitelbaum,
Michael S.; Winter, Jay M. Population and resources in
Western intellectual traditions. ISBN 0-521-37538-X. LC 89-878.
1989. vii, 310 pp. Cambridge University Press: New York, New
York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
This is a collection of papers by
various authors on the Western intellectual tradition of involvement in
the issues of population and resources. Sections are included on
historical and modern thought and on natural and social science
approaches to the subject. The papers are from a seminar held at
Pembroke College, Cambridge, in August 1987, under the auspices of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science Committee on
Population, Resources, and the Environment. These papers were also
published as a supplement to Volume 14 of Population and Development
Review in 1988.
Correspondence: Cambridge University Press,
32 East 57th Street, New York, NY 10022. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
55:30633 Thiam,
Abou. The process of desertification: causes and
consequences. [Processus de desertification: causes et
consequences.] In: African Population Conference/Congres Africain de
Population, Dakar, Senegal, November/novembre 7-12, 1988. Vol. 3, 1988.
6.4.17-30 pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of
Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The
author discusses the process of desertification as it is occurring in
the Sahel countries of Africa. Poor resource management is identified
as the main cause of desertification. The importance of developing
policies to reduce population growth in the affected geographic areas
is stressed. The impact on rural populations is found to be especially
critical due to the declining carrying capacity of the
Sahel.
Correspondence: A. Thiam, Institut des Sciences de
l'Environnement, Faculte des Sciences, Universite de Dakar, Dakar,
Senegal. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30634 Thiam,
Babaly. The demographic consequences of desertification
and the type of population policy to adopt in the Sahel. [Les
consequences demographiques de la desertification et le type de
politique de population a adopter au Sahel.] In: African Population
Conference/Congres Africain de Population, Dakar, Senegal,
November/novembre 7-12, 1988. Vol. 3, 1988. 6.4.1-16 pp. International
Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium.
In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The author examines the demographic
causes and consequences of desertification in the Sahel, particularly
Mali. Factors considered include migration, high fertility, uneven
population distribution, urbanization, data reliability and
availability, and nuptiality.
Correspondence: B. Thiam,
Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches sur la Population pour le
Developpement, Institut du Sahel, Bamako, Mali. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30635 Western,
S. Carrying capacity, population growth and sustainable
development: a case study from the Philippines. Journal of
Environmental Management, Vol. 27, No. 4, Dec 1988. 347-67 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
The relationships among carrying capacity,
environmental degradation, and population growth are analyzed using the
example of the island of Palawan in the Philippines. The author
identifies those parts of the island where rural carrying capacity has
been exceeded to the point that sustainable development is threatened,
due primarily to rapid population growth caused by both natural
increase and in-migration. A strategy to achieve sustainable
development in light of projected population trends up to the year 2007
is proposed.
Correspondence: S. Western, Hunting Technical
Services Ltd., Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (ST).
55:30636 Arnaudova,
Tsvetana. Economic activity of the population after
retirement age. [Ikonomicheska aktivnost na naselenieto v nadtru
dosposobna vazrast.] Naselenie, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1989. 31-6 pp. Sofia,
Bulgaria. In Bul. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
"The article considers
economic activity of the population [in Bulgaria] after retirement age
in the ten-year period between the last two censuses (1975-1985). The
author points out the trends of the economic activity of the
population, the factors and the motives for economic activity. Some
recommendations concerning the more effective use of the labour of the
population after retirement age are given."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30637 Banerjee,
Nirmala. Trends in women's employment, 1971-81: some
macro-level observations. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 24,
No. 17, Apr 29, 1989. WS 10-22 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
"This
paper seeks to understand the overall directions of the changes in the
position of women as workers in the Indian economy and to place these
changes in the context of the overall changes in the size and structure
of the Indian labour force and its utilisation for productive
purposes." Unemployment, women's participation in the agricultural
sector, incidence of child labor, and women's employment status in
various sectors are discussed. Data are from official Indian sources
for the period 1971-1981.
Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
55:30638 Bediako,
Grace. Employment problems in urban labour markets: a
study of correlates of informal sector employment in urban Ghana.
In: African Population Conference/Congres Africain de Population,
Dakar, Senegal, November/novembre 7-12, 1988. Vol. 3, 1988. 6.3.41-55
pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liege, Belgium. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"In this paper we examine
how individuals' status of employment in both formal and informal
sectors is associated with their personal characteristics, such as age,
migration status and educational attainment. Applying the multiple
logit model as the analytical tool, we estimate the effects of these
characteristics on the odds of being in [a particular] employment
status category..., and infer from the effect coefficients the
differential participation of various categories of males and females
in a predominantly formal sector, informal sector or mixed
formal/informal status." The geographical focus is on urban Ghana; data
are from the 1971 post-censal enumeration
survey.
Correspondence: G. Bediako, Population Studies
Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA
19104-6298. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30639 Brinton,
Mary C. Gender stratification in contemporary urban
Japan. American Sociological Review, Vol. 54, No. 4, Aug 1989.
549-64 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Female labor force
participation in Japan is analyzed. The author finds that "Japanese
women participate in the labor force at rates similar to women in
Western industrial nations, but gender stratification patterns are
sharper....These aggregate patterns imply that Japanese women are
seldom placed in career-track positions in large firms early in their
careers. Analyses on labor market entry data from the 1984 'Survey on
Work Patterns' substantiate this view. Although Japanese men and women
enter large firms at equivalent rates upon leaving school, 22 percent
of men and only 7 percent of women enter career ladders....Causal
processes governing entrance to large firms and career tracks are
examined in the paper, with particular attention to the relative
returns to different levels and types of education for Japanese men and
women."
Correspondence: M. C. Brinton, Department of
Sociology, University of Chicago, 1126 East 59th Street, Chicago, IL
60637. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30640 Brown,
Lawrence A.; England, Kim V. L.; Goetz, Andrew R.
Location, social categories, and individual labor market
experiences in developing economies: the Venezuelan case.
International Regional Science Review, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1989. 1-28 pp.
Morgantown, West Virginia. In Eng.
"Individual labor market
experiences [in Venezuela] are examined in terms of educational
attainment, labor force participation, and wages received. Explanatory
factors include personal attributes and two multivariate scales
measuring place characteristics related to development. The results
indicate that place characteristics associated with development have
important effects on labor market experiences....Among the key findings
of this research are that educational attainment most affected labor
force participation by women and wages of
men."
Correspondence: L. A. Brown, Department of Geography,
Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210. Location:
Princeton University Library (UES).
55:30641 Charmes,
Jacques. The dynamics of the informal sector and its
impact on the urban labor market. [La dynamique du secteur
informel et son impact sur le marche du travail en ville.] In: African
Population Conference/Congres Africain de Population, Dakar, Senegal,
November/novembre 7-12, 1988. Vol. 3, 1988. 6.3.25-39 pp. International
Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium.
In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The author examines the impact of the
informal sector of the African job market on the urban labor force.
Information is included on the types of jobs provided by the informal
sector, the wages paid for these jobs, and the proportion of the total
labor force involved in the informal
sector.
Correspondence: J. Charmes, ORSTOM, 24 rue Bayard,
75008 Paris, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
55:30642 Chen,
Chaonan. Migration and transformation of industrial and
occupational structures in Taiwan. Journal of Population Studies,
No. 12, Jun 1989. 121-53 pp. Taipei, Taiwan. In Eng. with sum. in Chi.
The author compares migrants' and natives' job selectivity in
Taiwan during the period 1980-1985. Findings indicate that migrants
are more willing to accept positions in technologically advanced
industry and are generally more adaptable to changes in the labor
market and industrial structure.
Correspondence: C. Chen,
Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
55:30643 Denton,
Frank T.; Spencer, Byron G. Age structure and rate of
promotion in the Canadian working population. QSEP Research
Report, No. 210, Sep 1987. 28 pp. McMaster University, Faculty of
Social Sciences, Program for Quantitative Studies in Economics and
Population: Hamilton, Canada. In Eng.
The impact of demographic
changes upon prospects for promotion within the Canadian labor force is
examined. The authors also examine the effect of population and labor
force changes on the promotional prospects of typical individuals,
taking into account the differences between male and female
working-life patterns. Future prospects up to the middle of the
twenty-first century are also reviewed.
Correspondence:
Program for Quantitative Studies in Economics and Population, Faculty
of Social Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M4,
Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30644 European
Communities. Statistical Office [EUROSTAT] (Luxembourg).
Demographic and labour force analysis based on Eurostat data
banks. Population and Social Conditions, Series D: Studies and
Analyses, Pub. Order No. CA-50-87-437-EN-C. ISBN 92-825-7767-8. 1988.
57 pp. Luxembourg. In Eng.
Data are presented on labor force,
employment, unemployment, population, and components of labor force
change by sex and age for the countries of the European Community from
1961 to 1986, with projections up to 2025. Data are from official
national sources for the countries concerned. A brief analysis of the
data is also included.
Correspondence: Statistical Office
of the European Communities, BP 1907, L-2985 Luxembourg.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30645 Hayward,
Mark D.; Grady, William R.; Hardy, Melissa A.; Sommers, David.
Occupational influences on retirement, disability, and death.
Demography, Vol. 26, No. 3, Aug 1989. 393-409 pp. Alexandria, Virginia.
In Eng.
The authors analyze occupational influences on retirement,
disability, and death, focusing on the later stages of the career
cycle. "Specifically, [the paper] examines how occupations influence
the timing and nature of the labor force withdrawal process for older
men. This focus is based on the notion that modern social processes of
distributing opportunities, resources, and rewards are linked to the
occupational structure. Thus we expect that the movement of
individuals into positions outside the productive core of economic
activity will be related to their location within the occupational
hierarchy." The geographical focus is on the United
States.
Correspondence: M. D. Hayward, Andrus Gerontology
Center and Department of Sociology, University of Southern California,
University Park MC 0191, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30646 Heath,
Julia A.; Ciscel, David H. Patriarchy, family structure
and the exploitation of women's labor. Journal of Economic Issues,
Vol. 22, No. 3, Sep 1988. 781-94 pp. Lincoln, Nebraska. In Eng.
The
authors present a case for including the patriarchal model into the
analysis of female labor force participation in the United States. They
argue that only if it is assumed that the division of labor and
distribution of goods and services are structured to benefit the male
head of the family can various trends be explained, including the low
relative income of women compared to men, the increase in female labor
force participation without a corresponding increase in household work
by men, and the increasing number of divorces initiated by women
despite the fact that divorce increases female
poverty.
Correspondence: J. A. Heath, Department of
Economics, Memphis State University, Memphis, TN 38152.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
55:30647 Hobbs,
Frank B. Mexico's total, employed, and excess labor force:
future prospects, 1985 to 2000. CIR Staff Paper, No. 47, Mar
1989. xi, 70 pp. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Center for International
Research: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The question this study sets
out to answer is, 'What will be the impact of alternative emigration
levels on Mexico's labor force?' To evaluate this impact, population
projections, by age and sex, are prepared which incorporate four
different levels of international emigration from Mexico to the United
States." These projections reflect varying degrees of success of the
1986 U.S. Immigration Reform and Control Act and are for the period
from 1985 to 2000. The results indicate that "Mexico will continue to
experience critical levels of excess labor force throughout the 20th
century. The foreseeable level of net international migration in
Mexico is unlikely to have a major impact on Mexico's future excess
labor force levels. In contrast, Mexico's economic growth will strongly
affect the extent to which the country is able to absorb the large
numbers of new labor force entrants over the next 15
years."
Correspondence: Center for International Research,
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30648 Jeffery,
Roger; Jeffery, Patricia; Lyon, Andrew. Taking dung-work
seriously: women's work and rural development in North India.
Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 24, No. 17, Apr 29, 1989. WS 32-7
pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
"The work of transforming cow-dung into
economically-valued products has not been treated as a matter of
significant interest by economists and analysts of the Indian rural
scene. In discussions of fuel, dung-cakes are dismissed as an
inappropriate use of potential fertiliser; in discussions of
fertiliser, the work of transforming dung into manure is usually
ignored; and in discussions of women's work, dung-work is rarely made a
central focus. Drawing on research work in Bijnor district, the
authors argue that this is a mistake, both for empirical reasons (it
ignores a significant economic activity with considerable worth which
takes a substantial proportion of women's time) and for theoretical
reasons."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
55:30649 Ko, Gilbert
Kwok-yiu; Clogg, Clifford C. Earnings differentials
between Chinese and whites in 1980: subgroup variability and evidence
for convergence. Social Science Research, Vol. 18, No. 3, Sep
1989. 249-70 pp. Duluth, Minnesota. In Eng.
"We examined earnings
differences between Chinese and whites [in the United States] in 1980
using samples selected to provide relatively controlled comparisons
between the two groups. The Chinese are split into three subgroups
representing different levels of assimilation, defined in terms of
citizenship and nativity status. Intragroup variability in earnings
functions sheds light on the intergroup comparisons of most
interest....Results show differentials among the Chinese subgroups that
would be expected from assimilation theory. The most assimilated
subgroup (the native born) differs little from the white comparison
group. Unfavorable returns to education and experience largely account
for the low earnings of the other Chinese subgroups, but these deficits
are difficult to explain in terms of labor market discrimination
factors."
Correspondence: C. C. Clogg, Department of
Sociology, Pennsylvania State University, 211 Oswald Tower, University
Park, PA 16802. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
55:30650 Kopacka,
Ludvik. Evolution of the economically active population in
the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, 1961-1980. [K vyvoji
ekonomicke aktivity obyvatelstva CSSR v obdobi 1961-1980.] Demografie,
Vol. 31, No. 1, 1989. 25-36 pp. Prague, Czechoslovakia. In Cze. with
sum. in Eng; Rus.
Changes in the economic activity of men and women
in Czechoslovakia for the years 1961-1980 are analyzed. Changes in the
age and sex structure of the labor force during this period are
considered.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30651 Liu,
Suoqun. The age patterns and their stability by industry
and occupation in Taiwan during 1956-1980. Pub. Order No.
DA8824763. 1988. 254 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann
Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"The primary goals of this study are to
tackle the issue of whether [Taiwanese] workers in various industrial
and occupational groups have their age structures and keep them over
time, and if yes, what emerges as the prominent factor in accounting
for it....The hypothesis that workers of different ages 'fit' different
industries and occupations emerges to be the predominating factor in
formulating the specific age structures of workers in individual
industrial and occupational groups." Data are from Taiwan censuses for
1958, 1966, 1970, 1975, and 1980.
This work was prepared as a
doctoral dissertation at the University of
Pennsylvania.
Correspondence: University Microfilms
International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities
and Social Sciences 49(9).
55:30652 Looney,
Robert E. Manpower problems in a capital-rich country:
the case of Saudi Arabia. Population Bulletin of ESCWA, No. 32,
Jun 1988. 31-54 pp. Baghdad, Iraq. In Eng.
"In order to provide an
insight into the possible problems that face Saudi Arabia in its Fourth
Five-Year Plan (1985-1990), this paper assesses several aspects of the
manpower problems encountered in the Third Five-Year Plan (1980-1985).
In general, it appears that the country's abundance of fixed capital,
or at least the means to acquire it, only emphasizes the scarcity of
other resources in the Kingdom, notably the shortage of indigenous
labour and the absence of the skills required to run new
industries....The paper argues that it is apparent from the performance
of the Third Plan that the Government will probably use the size of the
foreign labour force as a safety valve to ensure the attainment of its
priorities."
Correspondence: R. Looney, Naval Postgraduate
School, Monterey, CA 93943. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
55:30653 Nord,
Stephen. The relationships among labor-force
participation, service-sector employment, and underemployment.
Journal of Regional Science, Vol. 29, No. 3, Aug 1989. 407-21 pp.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"In this study, it is argued
[that] underemployment is both affected by and affects the labor-force
participation rate (LFPR) and the level of service employment.
Interestingly, the analysis reveals that service employment lowers the
LFPR and raises underemployment. In turn, underemployment increases
the LFPR as more secondary workers are pushed into the labor market in
an effort to support their households. Thus, secondary workers are not
pulled into the labor market by the availability of service jobs, but
are rather pushed into these jobs by the condition of underemployment
that is brought on by the growing concentration of low-paying service
jobs....A three-equation simultaneous equation model is developed to
test our hypotheses [and] three-stage least squares...estimates of this
model for the 100 largest [U.S.] metropolitan areas are
presented...."
Correspondence: S. Nord, Department of
Economics, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, IL 60115-2854.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
55:30654 Okojie,
Christiana E. The absorption of labour into the urban
informal sector: the position of women in Nigeria. In: African
Population Conference/Congres Africain de Population, Dakar, Senegal,
November/novembre 7-12, 1988. Vol. 3, 1988. 6.3.57-72 pp. International
Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium.
In Eng.
"The paper examines labour absorption in five urban centres
in Bendel State of Nigeria. More specifically, it examined the
activities open to women, factors determining participation in the
informal sector and the absorption of migrants in the urban economy.
The positions of men and women were compared." Data from 3,471
households are applied to a theoretical model to explain labor
absorption. Findings indicate that "the most important factors
influencing absorption into the informal sector are education, sex,
migrant status (among men), and socioeconomic status of household.
Women who tend to be less educated predominate in the urban informal
sector and in less prestigious occupations in the formal
sector."
Correspondence: C. E. Okojie, Department of
Economics and Statistics, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30655 Pauwels,
K.; Van Dongen, W.; Deschamps, L.; Bosman, E. Labor force
participation of women and family building. [De
arbeidsparticipatie van de vrouw en de gezinsopbouw.] Bevolking en
Gezin, No. 3, Dec 1988. 95-115 pp. Brussels, Belgium. In Dut. with sum.
in Eng.
The effect of fertility on female labor force participation
in Belgium is examined. Consideration is given to age factors and to
differences between housewives and other working women. Data are from
official and other published sources.
Correspondence: K.
Pauwels, CBGS, Nijverheidsstraat 35-37, 1040 Brussels, Belgium.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30656 Pirozhkov,
S. I. Demographic estimates of the labor force potential
of the population. [Demograficheskaya otsenka trudovogo
potentsiala naseleniya.] In: Metody issledovaniya, edited by A. G.
Vishnevskii. 1986. 111-8, 182 pp. Mysl': Moscow, USSR. In Rus. with
sum. in Eng.
"Various approaches to the estimation of labour force
potential are described....The principles of computing...economic
activity tables are considered and an abridged [life] table of
economically active...males in the Ukranian SSR for 1968-1970 is
computed. The problem of computation of more adequate multistate
increment-decrement tables of economic activity which would take into
account repeated transitions between states of economic activity and
inactivity during [a] lifetime is discussed."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30657 Taylor,
Jeffrey R.; Banister, Judith. China: the problem of
employing surplus rural labor. CIR Staff Paper, No. 49, Jul 1989.
viii, 75 pp. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Center for International
Research: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The purpose of this paper is to
analyze current and future employment prospects for China's rural
areas. Six topics are investigated: the origin and magnitude of rural
underemployment in China; patterns of rural employment growth;
government response to rural employment problems; dynamics of [the]
rural labor movement; future employment prospects in rural areas; [and]
productivity and inequality implications of employment changes." Data
are from official sources for the year 1987. A selection of maps,
tables, and figures are included.
Correspondence: China
Branch, Center for International Research, U.S. Bureau of the Census,
Washington, D.C. 20233. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
55:30658 Universite
des Sciences et Techniques de Lille-Flandres-Artois (Villeneuve d'Ascq,
France). Sex and space. [Sexe et espace.] Espace,
Populations, Societes, No. 1, 1989. 148 pp. Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
This special issue is concerned with the
relationships between sex and spatial factors. It contains articles on
the social geography of London, Madrid, Montreal, Texas, Spain, Quebec,
France, Belgium, and Worcester, Massachusetts. In general, these
articles focus on aspects of female labor force participation,
employment, and occupations.
Correspondence:
Espace-Populations-Societes, Universite des Sciences et Techniques de
Lille-Flandres-Artois, U.F.R. de Geographie, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq
Cedex, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30659 Unni,
Jeemol. Changes in women's employment in rural areas,
1961-83. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 24, No. 17, Apr 29,
1989. WS 23-31 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
"This paper discusses the
conceptual, definitional and operational problems which result in
under-enumeration of female workers in large-scale censuses and sample
surveys. A detailed examination of the definitions used and the
estimates obtained reveal that certain Indian censuses and NSS rounds
had a better enumeration of women workers than others. Taking the
comparable censuses/NSS rounds over the period 1961 to 1983, the widely
alleged decline in female participation rates is seen to be not
substantiated."
Location: Princeton University Library
(PF).
55:30660 Yousif,
Hassan M. Structural dimensions of the urban labour
markets in the Sudan: occupational patterns and their relationship
with education and rural-urban migration with special emphasis on the
formal sector. In: African Population Conference/Congres Africain
de Population, Dakar, Senegal, November/novembre 7-12, 1988. Vol. 3,
1988. 6.3.1-23 pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of
Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"The central thesis of
this paper is to document some structural aspects of the urban labour
force in the Sudan, which are crucial in socio-economic
development....In particular, the paper will deal with occupational
distribution of the labour force primarily for the purpose of
documenting the role of various groups in development, understanding
the access of families in urban areas to income generating activities
and studying the availability of employment opportunities for men and
women. Also, the paper will focus on relating education and patterns
of internal and international migration to the structural aspects of
the labour force. The analyses are based on the results of the 1983
census."
Correspondence: H. M. Yousif, Population Studies
Centre, University of Gezira, POB 20, Wad Medani, 2667 Khartoum, Sudan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30661 Zsembik,
Barbara A. A question of balance: the employment of
Puerto Rican women during their reproductive years. Pub. Order No.
DA8901426. 1988. 180 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann
Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
The author examines the employment of
women during their reproductive years in Puerto Rico in light of the
industrialization that took place after World War II. Sex, class, and
wage differentials in the employment structure are analyzed.
Reproductive behavior, women's status, and occupational levels are
determined to be factors in the current fertility decline and in the
reduction in completed family size.
This work was prepared as a
doctoral dissertation at the University of Texas at
Austin.
Correspondence: University Microfilms
International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities
and Social Sciences 49(11).
