55:30001 United
Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs (New
York, New York). World population at the turn of the
century. Population Studies, No. 111; ST/ESA/SER.A/111, Pub. Order
No. E.89.XIII.2. ISBN 92-1-151174-7. 1989. vii, 126 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"This is the sixth in a series of periodic reviews of
world, regional and international developments in the field of
population prepared by the Population Division of the Department of
International Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations
Secretariat....Special emphasis has been given in the present report to
the status of various regions of the world in relation to the
demographic transition, in particular to the fertility transition."
Chapters are included on recent population and economic developments;
demographic trends such as population growth, mortality, fertility, age
structure, and international migration; demographic transitions in
developing countries, including determinants of fertility and mortality
changes; and developed countries with below-replacement fertility
rates. Africa and China are also discussed as examples of areas
experiencing demographic transition at different
rates.
Correspondence: U.N. Department of International
Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations, New
York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30002 Demetrius,
Lloyd. The demographic evolution of human populations:
the role of selection and environmental factors. Demography, Vol.
26, No. 3, Aug 1989. 353-72 pp. Alexandria, Virginia. In Eng.
The
author examines the role of selection and environmental factors in the
demographic evolution of human populations. "I briefly describe the
dynamical changes in the Malthusian parameter and population entropy
under the action of natural selection and environmental action. In the
subsequent section I describe how the nature and magnitude of these two
forces may be inferred from local changes in the two parameters. The
rules described in this section are illustrated by an analysis of the
demographic transition in Sweden. I exploit these rules to infer the
nature and magnitude of the forces underlying the changes in birth and
death rates in Sweden over the past 200 years." The results indicate
that "demographic changes during the pre- and posttransitional phases
are determined mainly by environmental factors, whereas the changes
during the transitional phase are mainly due to cultural
selection."
Correspondence: L. Demetrius, Max Planck
Institut fur Biophysikalische Chemie, D-3400 Gottingen, Federal
Republic of Germany. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
55:30003 Keyfitz,
Nathan. Decomposition and reassembly of the age-time
distribution. NUPRI Research Paper Series, No. 49, Feb 1989. vi,
21 pp. Nihon University, Population Research Institute: Tokyo, Japan.
In Eng.
"This paper tries to account for age-time sets of data in
terms of [simple] elements that will lead to understanding of the
dynamics that produced the outcome, and to see how changes in those
elements would change (or would have changed) the distribution." The
author uses a "profile of intercohort differences [to summarize] the
evolution of vital rates through time. Its calculation is shown in
detail for Japan, and in summary for 38 other populations. Among other
results, the summary brings out the sharp upturn in population increase
after the first World War, the baby boom in the developed countries
after the second World War, and the sudden onset of the unprecedented
population expansion that still continues in the less developed
countries."
Correspondence: Population Research Institute,
Nihon University, 3-2, Misaki-cho 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101,
Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30004 Keyfitz,
Nathan. The growing human population. Scientific
American, Vol. 261, No. 3, Sep 1989. 118-26 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
The relationships among technological and economic
development, world population growth, and carrying capacity are
explored. Consideration is given to the effect of industrialization on
birth and death rates, the impact of agricultural production on the
environment, age distribution and family planning program strength in
developing countries, and projections for the future of the world's
population. Data are from official and other
sources.
Correspondence: N. Keyfitz, Population Program,
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg,
Austria. Location: Princeton University Library (SW).
55:30005 Kowalska,
Anna. The current state and future prospects for the
population of the modern world. [Stan i perspektywy sytuacji
ludnosciowej wspolczesnego swiata.] Biuletyn IGS, Vol. 29, No. 1, 1986.
55-90, 225, 232-3 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The growing disparity between the population dynamics of developed
and developing countries is explored. The author analyzes data from
154 countriess and divides these countriess into 13 types defined by
various socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Consideration
is given to probable future population
developments.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30006
Lukaszewicz, Aleksander. Population, development,
and the contradictions of freedom. [Ludnosc, rozwoj, antynomie
wolnosci.] Ekonomista, No. 1, 1987. 65-79 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol.
with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The relationships between demographic trends
and individual freedom are explored. "They are examined mainly from
the following viewpoints: freedom from hunger, possibility of
performing a useful work, freedom from ecological harms, exposure to
harms resulting from the density of population on the geographic space.
The problems are related to the property relations as well. An active
demographic policy is postulated."
Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
55:30007 Cowen,
T. Normative population theory. Social Choice and
Welfare, Vol. 6, No. 1, Jan 1989. 33-43 pp. Heidelberg, Germany,
Federal Republic of. In Eng.
"Utilitarian and contractarian
solutions to the problem of optimal population are examined and shown
to have unacceptable implications. As argued by Parfit, for instance,
utilitarianism may imply large numbers of people at a very low standard
of living. An analogy is drawn between optimal population for a
society and the optimal structure of an individual life. The ideal
life need not maximize cardinal utility, because an individual may
prefer a shorter life with less, more intense utility to a very long
life with higher total utility ('Methuselah's Paradox'). The optimal
population is what an individual would prefer if he had to sequentially
live out each life in his choice."
Correspondence: T.
Cowen, University of California, Irvine, CA 92717. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
55:30008 Demeny,
Paul. Demography and the limits to growth. In:
Population and resources in Western intellectual traditions, edited by
Michael S. Teitelbaum and Jay M. Winter. 1989. 213-44 pp. Cambridge
University Press: New York, New York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
The author outlines theories, empirical findings, and intellectual
debates in the field of demography on questions concerning the limits
to population growth. He begins by discussing the concept of carrying
capacity and by giving some recent estimates of resource limits to
population growth. The article "then briefly traces...some early views
on resource limits to population growth, characterized by a shift of
thinking about such limits toward optimism as the industrial revolution
gathered force, and the reemergence of concerns about resources...under
the influence of the 'population explosion' in the third quarter of the
twentieth century. The discussion closes with comments on views about
the prospect for...the early and orderly attainment of a stationary
population."
Correspondence: P. Demeny, Population Council,
Center for Policy Studies, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY
10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30009 Grebenik,
E. Demography, democracy, and demonology. Population
and Development Review, Vol. 15, No. 1, Mar 1989. 1-22, 178, 180 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Developments in
the methods of assessing population trends are discussed and their
implications for population policy are considered. Two conflicting
influences on population change are identified--the Malthusian
principle of a growth potential so great that limitation by disease,
famine, and war is inevitable; and concern over population decline as a
result of birth limitation originating in the last century, termed
'fear of race suicide.' These are the two 'demons' of the essay's
title that have alternatingly troubled scholars and policymakers since
Malthus's day."
Correspondence: E. Grebenik, Population
Studies, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, Aldwych, London
WC2A 2AE, England. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
55:30010 Hecht,
Jacqueline. French utopian socialists and the population
question: "seeking the future city" In: Population and resources
in Western intellectual traditions, edited by Michael S. Teitelbaum and
Jay M. Winter. 1989. 49-73 pp. Cambridge University Press: New York,
New York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
The evolution of population
theory among nineteenth-century utopian socialists in France is
described. Particular attention is paid to reactions to Malthusian
theories.
Correspondence: J. Hecht, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30011 Kingsland,
Sharon. Evolution and debates over human progress from
Darwin to sociobiology. In: Population and resources in Western
intellectual traditions, edited by Michael S. Teitelbaum and Jay M.
Winter. 1989. 167-98 pp. Cambridge University Press: New York, New
York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
The author discusses the study of
human social progress from Darwin to sociobiology and its relevance for
demographers and social planners. The intellectual background to "On
the Origin of Species" is first examined, with a focus on the influence
of Malthus. Two alternative views of human evolution developed by
Herbert Spencer and Alfred R. Wallace are then described. "The third
section discusses Darwin's own ideas of human evolution in 'The Descent
of Man'. The fourth section surveys the emergence of the engineering
mentality characteristic of the twentieth century, exemplified in the
eugenics movement...." The final section is concerned with
sociobiology and the implications of the biological origins of social
behavior for population policy and social
planning.
Correspondence: S. Kingsland, Johns Hopkins
University, Department of the History of Science, Baltimore, MD 21218.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30012 Petersen,
William. Marxism and the population question: theory and
practice. In: Population and resources in Western intellectual
traditions, edited by Michael S. Teitelbaum and Jay M. Winter. 1989.
77-101 pp. Cambridge University Press: New York, New York/Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
Marxist approaches to population issues are
reviewed, with a focus on the history of population theory in the
Soviet Union. The author concludes that the interest of this school of
thought in population matters was slight and that developments were
minimal.
Correspondence: W. Petersen, Ohio State
University, Department of Demography, 190 North Oval Mall, Columbus, OH
43210. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30013 Steinmann,
Gunter. Population, resources and limits to growth.
In: African Population Conference/Congres Africain de Population,
Dakar, Senegal, November/novembre 7-12, 1988. Vol. 3, 1988. 6.2.23-33
pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
The author argues that "assumed
consequences of the apparently inevitable explosion of the world
population, such as famine, unemployment, economic backwardness,
illiteracy, pollution and depletion of the world's natural
resources...are exaggerated and unjustified." His disagreement with
Malthusian theory is presented based on his belief that "it is only in
circumstances, where human efforts and technical progress are being
counteracted by the political and social system, that additional people
must lead to a decrease of the longrun standard of living. This is the
case when the political and social organizations conserve the
traditional economic, technical and institutional structure and prevent
the necessary changes."
Correspondence: G. Steinmann,
Department of Economics, University of Paderborn, P.O. Box 1621,
Paderborn, Federal Republic of Germany. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
55:30014 Tomaselli,
Sylvana. Moral philosophy and population questions in
eighteenth century Europe. In: Population and resources in Western
intellectual traditions, edited by Michael S. Teitelbaum and Jay M.
Winter. 1989. 7-29 pp. Cambridge University Press: New York, New
York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
This is an introduction to
theories of population growth and decline that were developed during
the eighteenth-century Enlightenment in Europe. Particular attention
is given to the work of Montesquieu, Hume, Steuart, and
Rousseau.
Correspondence: S. Tomaselli, University of
Cambridge, Newnham College, Cambridge CB3 9DF, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30015
Tuljapurkar, Shripad. An uncertain life:
demography in random environments. Theoretical Population Biology,
Vol. 35, No. 3, Jun 1989. 227-94 pp. Duluth, Minnesota. In Eng.
"This paper concisely reviews the demography of populations with
random vital rates, highlights examples and techniques which yield
insight into population dynamics, summarizes the state of significant
applications of the theory, and points to open problems. The central
picture in this theory is of a time-varying but statistically
stationary equilibrium for population, sharply distinct from the
notions of classical demography. The deepest biological insights from
the theory reveal the temporal structure of life histories to be a rich
arena for natural selection."
Correspondence: S.
Tuljapurkar, Environmental Sciences/Physics, Portland State University,
Portland, OR 97207. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
55:30016 Wright,
Robert E. The Easterlin hypothesis and European fertility
rates. Population and Development Review, Vol. 15, No. 1, Mar
1989. 107-22, 179-81 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre;
Spa.
"Richard Easterlin has argued that fertility should fluctuate
cyclically depending on the relative economic status of young adults.
Evidence in support of this hypothesis has been derived primarily from
the experience of the United States. This note explores the relevance
of the 'Easterlin hypothesis' in the European context. For a sample of
Western European countries, simple time-series regression models are
estimated and Granger causality tests are performed. Only limited
support for the hypothesis is found."
Correspondence: R. E.
Wright, Department of Economics, Birkbeck College, University of
London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30017 Wrigley, E.
A. The limits to growth: Malthus and the classical
economists. In: Population and resources in Western intellectual
traditions, edited by Michael S. Teitelbaum and Jay M. Winter. 1989.
30-48 pp. Cambridge University Press: New York, New York/Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
This is an introduction to the work of Malthus and
the classical economists, with a focus on the relationship between
demographic factors and development. It is concluded that, far from
being in opposition to each other, Malthus and classical economists
such as Adam Smith and David Ricardo shared a common viewpoint about
the limits to growth and the implications of the necessary
relationships among population, resources, and the
environment.
Correspondence: E. A. Wrigley, All Souls
College, Oxford OX1 4AL, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
55:30018 Caldwell,
John; Caldwell, Pat. An overview of the potential and
actual contribution of the anthropological approach to the
understanding of factors affecting demographic variables--fertility,
mortality and migration. In: African Population Conference/Congres
Africain de Population, Dakar, Senegal, November/novembre 7-12, 1988.
Vol. 3, 1988. 7.2.1-20 pp. International Union for the Scientific Study
of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"Survey methodology
alone will not answer all the demographic questions which arise in
Africa. This is particularly the case with regard to the cultural and
social context of demographic behaviour. Imported surveys include
inappropriate questions and omit needed questions because their
construction is based upon implicit assumptions from very different
societies. African society is characterized by many unique features and
it was because of this that the discipline of anthropology was so
important in its study; similarly there is a need for a great deal of
anthropological demographic research....[This] research is also needed
to test satisfactoriness of responses to survey questions and to design
better questions. The paper outlines approaches which can be employed
in anthropological demographic research."
Correspondence:
J. Caldwell, Department of Demography, Australian National University,
GPO 4, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
55:30019 Faia,
Michael A. Cultural materialism in the functionalist
mode. American Sociological Review, Vol. 54, No. 4, Aug 1989.
658-61 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author critically analyzes
Krishnan Namboodiri's 1988 defense of ecological demography and adds
his own comments on the state and nature of the field. A reply by
Namboodiri is included (pp. 660-1).
For the article by Namboodiri,
published in 1988, see 54:40012.
Correspondence: M. A.
Faia, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30020 Golley,
Frank B. Human population from an ecological
perspective. In: Population and resources in Western intellectual
traditions, edited by Michael S. Teitelbaum and Jay M. Winter. 1989.
199-210 pp. Cambridge University Press: New York, New York/Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
Human populations are examined from the
perspective of ecological science. Topics covered include resources as
a limitation to population growth, the adverse effects of high
population growth rates, and the impact of human populations on the
environment. The author also examines the apparent conflict between
ecologists and those who believe that technology can resolve the
ecological problems posed by population
growth.
Correspondence: F. B. Golley, University of
Georgia, Institute of Ecology, Department of Zoology, Athens, GA
30602. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30021 Kreager,
Philip. Social and supernatural control in a Mayan
demographic regime. In: Micro-approaches to demographic research,
edited by John C. Caldwell, Allan G. Hill, and Valerie J. Hull. 1988.
410-28 pp. Kegan Paul International: New York, New York/London,
England. In Eng.
The author discusses the importance of studying
social and supernatural aspects of Mayan history in order to more fully
understand demographic processes in contemporary Mayan communities,
using data for the highland township of Chamula in Mexico. "Basically,
analysis proceeds by considering how institutions of hierarchy, family
and movement are deployed to sustain, and where necessary adjust and
revise, the vital principles which are the core of Chamula identity.
It then becomes possible to inquire into the implications for local
population processes of variables favoured in other
approaches--differential accumulation of wealth, proximate determinants
of fertility, relations beteween generations--without denying the
primary relevance of Indian experience and
institutions."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
55:30022
Ocholla-Ayayo, A. B. C. Anthropological techniques
for demographic field studies: case study in Kenya. In: African
Population Conference/Congres Africain de Population, Dakar, Senegal,
November/novembre 7-12, 1988. Vol. 3, 1988. 7.2.21-35 pp. International
Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium.
In Eng.
The author discusses the importance of anthropological
techniques in providing qualitative information to supplement
demographic studies. A case study in Kenya utilizes the focus group
panel method to obtain information typically unavailable through
demographic data sources such as censuses and
surveys.
Correspondence: A. B. C. Ocholla-Ayayo, University
of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30023 Piche,
Victor. The sociology of demographic phenomena.
[Sociologie des phenomenes demographiques.] Sociologie et Societes,
Vol. 19, No. 1, ISBN 2-7606-0795-X. Apr 1987. 201 pp. Presses de
l'Universite de Montreal: Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng;
Spa.
This special issue is devoted to research in the Canadian
province of Quebec concerning the relationships between sociology and
demography. The focus is on studies that attempt to explain
demographic phenomena through the analysis of social structures and
social relationships. Seventeen papers by various authors are presented
that cover topics such as nuptiality, employment, child care,
sterilization, surrogate motherhood, migration, and family reproduction
in the past. A number of papers form part of a debate on the
objectives and methods of social
demography.
Correspondence: Presses de l'Universite de
Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale A, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
55:30024
Szczepanski, Jan. Population and society.
[Ludnosc i spoleczenstwo.] Ekonomista, No. 1, 1987. 125-32 pp. Warsaw,
Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The relationship between
demographic and sociological theory is explored. The need for
interdisciplinary cooperation is stressed "especially in...applied
research where the demographers tend to determine what has to be an
optimal population, and the sociologists search for qualities of the
society that meet the requirements of welfare."
Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
55:30025 Burnley, I.
H. Population geography. Australian Geographical
Studies, Vol. 26, No. 1, Apr 1988. 116-31 pp. Armidale, Australia. In
Eng.
The status of population geography as a field of study in
Australian universities is first discussed. The author then reviews
studies on various aspects of Australian population geography,
including fertility, mortality, international migration, internal
migration, and the geography of aging
populations.
Correspondence: I. H. Burnley, School of
Geography, University of New South Wales, P.O. Box 1, Kensington, NSW
2033, Australia. Location: New York Public Library.
55:30026 Institut de
Formation et de Recherche Demographiques [IFORD] (Yaounde,
Cameroon). IFORD special: 15 years. [Special IFORD:
15 ans.] Demographie Africaine, No. 57, Jul-Aug 1988. 183 pp. Yaounde,
Cameroon. In Fre.
This is a summary of the achievements of IFORD,
the U.N.-sponsored demographic training center in Yaounde, Cameroon,
whose primary objective has been to train French-speaking African
demographers. Separate sections are included on training, research,
the documentation center, the activities of IFORD graduates, and
administrative and financial issues.
Correspondence: IFORD,
Service des Publications, B.P. 1556, Yaounde, Cameroon.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30027 Pendleton,
Brian F. Syllabi and instructional materials for courses
in demography. Resource Materials for Teaching, 2nd ed. 1989. ii,
202 pp. American Sociological Association: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This is a resource volume for instructors of demography and topical
population courses. It includes syllabi, reading lists, sample
exercises, and sources submitted by eminent demographers from the
United States, Australia, and Canada. Separate sections are included
of syllabi for introductory demography courses; introductory demography
courses with topical listings; techniques of demographic analysis;
specialized courses in population topics, including fertility,
migration and urbanization; and interdisciplinary courses, including
economics, rural population, and social demography. Sample assignments
and exercises are also included.
Correspondence: ASA
Teaching Resources Center, 1722 N Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20036.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30028 Tsai,
Hong-Chin; Liao, Cheng-Hung. Principles of
demography. [Renkou xue.] 1987. 429 pp. Chu Liu Book Company:
[Taipei], Taiwan. In Chi.
This is an introductory Chinese-language
textbook on demography. It includes chapters on the importance of
population research, data sources, population theory, population
dynamics, fertility, mortality, migration, population characteristics,
spatial distribution, population growth and the environment, population
and the economy, and population policy. A final chapter gives examples
of empirical research involving international migration. The primary
geographical focus is on Taiwan, although global concerns are also
addressed.
Location: East-West Population Institute,
Honolulu, HI. Source: East-West Population Institute
Acquisitions List, Jan-Feb 1988.
55:30029 Wickham,
Penelope. The insider's guide to demographic know-how.
Everything marketers need to know about how to find, analyze and use
information about their customers. ISBN 0-936889-03-9. LC
88-22136. 1988. 246 pp. American Demographics Press: Ithaca, New York.
In Eng.
This is an introduction to demographic analysis for
salespeople who need to know how to find, analyze, and use data on
their potential customers. It contains a number of chapters by various
authors as well as a list of useful publications and a glossary of
terms. Part 1 is an introduction to the basics of demographic analysis
and its value to marketers. Part 2 lists almost 600 federal, state,
local, nonprofit, and private sources of demographic data and related
services in the United States, including addresses, as well as the
phone numbers of over 300 specialists in the Census Bureau and other
federal agencies. An appendix includes a statistical profile of the
United States.
Correspondence: American Demographics Press,
108 North Cayuga Street, Ithaca, NY 14850. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
