O. The Production of Population Statistics

O.1. Population Statistics, General Aspects

55:20726 Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Censos (Buenos Aires, Argentina). An integrated system of ongoing statistics concerning childhood. [Sistema integrado de estadisticas continuas sobre la infancia.] Estudios INDEC, No. 5, 1986. 266 pp. Buenos Aires, Argentina. In Spa.
A model of an integrated system of ongoing statistics is developed and tested, with the aim of being able to assess not only the characteristics of a population in general, but also the situations of particular groups of individuals. The focus of the present study is on the investigation of the segment of the population from infancy to adolescence. The model is applied to data for the province of Tucuman, Argentina. Characteristics examined include population size, growth, and composition; family and household; occupations; health; education; housing; and public assistance and social security. The quality of data from various organizations and institutions is evaluated, and ways of effectively integrating and utilizing the information are described.
Correspondence: INDEC, Direccion de Difusion Estadistica, Oficina de Distribucion y Venta, Alsina 1924, C.P. 1207, 1090 Buenos Aires, Argentina. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20727 Grohmann, Heinz. The need for data on persons, families, and households in the modern constitutional and welfare state. [Zur Notwendigkeit von Daten uber Personen, Familien und Haushalte im modernen Rechts- und Sozialstaat.] In: Demographie in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: vier Jahrzehnte Statistik, Forschung und Politikberatung. Festschrift fur Karl Schwarz, edited by Charlotte Hohn, Wilfried Linke, and Rainer Mackensen. Schriftenreihe des Bundesinstituts fur Bevolkerungsforschung, Vol. 18, 1988. 43-53 pp. Boldt-Verlag: Boppard am Rhein, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger.
The reasons for collecting data on individuals, families, and households in industrialized societies are discussed. The geographic emphasis is on the Federal Republic of Germany. The importance of such data for administrative purposes and for general planning and decision-making is noted.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20728 Hohn, Charlotte. The significance of definitions and data collection concepts for demographic analyses. [Zur Bedeutung von Definitionen und Erhebungskonzepten fur demographische Analysen.] In: Demographie in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: vier Jahrzehnte Statistik, Forschung und Politikberatung. Festschrift fur Karl Schwarz, edited by Charlotte Hohn, Wilfried Linke, and Rainer Mackensen. Schriftenreihe des Bundesinstituts fur Bevolkerungsforschung, Vol. 18, 1988. 55-68 pp. Boldt-Verlag: Boppard am Rhein, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger.
This article deals with the importance of definitions and data collection concepts for demographic analyses. Several examples relating to fertility, household and family statistics, female employment, and infant mortality are discussed, and the misunderstandings that can arise over imprecise definitions are noted. The geographic emphasis is on the Federal Republic of Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20729 Kovar, Mary G. Data systems of the National Center for Health Statistics. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 1: Programs and Collection Procedures, No. 23, Pub. Order No. DHHS (PHS) 89-1325. Mar 1989. v, 21 pp. U.S. National Center for Health Statistics [NCHS]: Hyattsville, Maryland. In Eng.
"The data collection program of the National Center for Health Statistics during the 1980's is described in this report. The systems are grouped by the origin of the data--the vital statistics registration system, provider-based surveys, and population-based surveys."
Correspondence: NCHS, 3700 East-West Highway, Hyattsville, MD 20782. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20730 Thomas, Roger; Elias, Peter. Development of the Standard Occupational Classification. Population Trends, No. 55, Spring 1989. 16-21 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) that is to be used in the United Kingdom is introduced. "After briefly describing current occupational and social classifications and the relationships between them, the article discusses the SOC structure and how it was developed, the improvements on current systems which were sought, the constraints which have had to be observed and current thinking about introducing SOC in government applications and supporting and maintaining it thereafter."
Correspondence: R. Thomas, Social Survey Division, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, St. Catherine's House, 10 Kingsway, London WC2 6JP, England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

O.2. Registration of Vital Statistics

55:20731 Gil, Benjamin; Ronoh, J. K. The Kenya Civil Registration Demonstration Project (CRDP). A strategy for a rapidly developing country in Africa. [1989?]. xxiv, 568 pp. Department of the Registrar General: Nairobi, Kenya. In Eng.
This is a report on a project conducted between 1981 and 1984 to reconstruct the civil registration system in selected areas of Kenya. The project's scope was from data collection to the production of vital statistics, and included a campaign of public information. The report describes the organization and development of the project, explains project objectives, and includes discussion of both the achievements and shortcomings of the project. It concludes with an evaluation of the project, which shows that rates of registration of both births and deaths increased considerably in project areas, and concludes that it has been "one of the most innovative and successful projects in Africa."
Correspondence: Government Printer, P.O. Box 30128, Nairobi, Kenya. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

O.3. Population Censuses and Registers

55:20732 Ahonsi, Babatunde A. Deliberate falsification and census data in Nigeria. African Affairs, Vol. 87, No. 349, Oct 1988. 553-62 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The author evaluates the evidence that the data from the 1963 and 1973-1974 censuses of Nigeria were falsified for political or other purposes. The two main questions considered are: "how truthful was the allegation of massive distortion of data in favour of Northern Nigeria? Could there have been other factors which, though downplayed as a result of ethnic biases, contributed more to the errors observed in the reported figures?" The author concludes that although errors in the census data are evident, the pattern of errors in the returns does not indicate a serious inflation of totals or regionally selective distortions. The prospects for the proposed 1991 census are discussed.
Correspondence: B. A. Ahonsi, Department of Sociology, University of Calabar, PMB1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

55:20733 American Demographics (Ithaca, New York). 1990 census questionnaire. American Demographics, Vol. 11, No. 4, Apr 1989. 24-31 pp. Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
The official census questionnaire for the 1990 U.S. census is presented along with an annotated guide to the questions it contains. Questions from both the short and long or sample form are included.
Correspondence: American Demographics, 108 North Cayuga Street, Ithaca, NY 14850. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20734 Becker, Patricia C. Issues on 1990 data products content and format of summary tape files. In: American Statistical Association, 1986 proceedings of the Social Statistics Section. [1986]. 245-8 pp. American Statistical Association: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author describes the use and format of computerized summary tapes for delivery of U.S. census data. Issues for presentation of the 1990 census data are also discussed.
Correspondence: P. C. Becker, City of Detroit Planning Department, Detroit, MI. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20735 Biemer, Paul P. Modeling matching error and its effect on estimates of census coverage error. [Modelisation de l'erreur d'appariement et son effet sur les estimations de l'erreur d'observation du recensement.] Survey Methodology/Techniques d'Enquete, Vol. 14, No. 1, Jun 1988. 117-34, 125-43 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng; Fre.
"In this paper, we propose a model for investigating the effect of matching error on the estimators of census undercount and illustrate its use for the 1990 [U.S.] census undercount evaluation program. The mean square error [MSE] of the dual system estimator is derived under the proposed model and the components of MSE arising from matching error are defined and explained. Under the assumed model, the effect of matching error on the MSE of the estimator of census undercount is investigated. Finally, a methodology for employing the model for the optimal design of matching error evaluation studies will be illustrated and the form of the estimators will be given."
Correspondence: P. P. Biemer, Department of Experimental Statistics, University Statistics Center, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20736 Canada. Statistics Canada (Ottawa, Canada). Census Canada, 1986. Reference. Census handbook. Pub. Order No. 99-104E. ISBN 0-660-12670-2. Jun 1988. 150 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng.
This is an introductory handbook to the 1986 Canadian census. "Readers will find here a brief history of census-taking, a question-by-question outline of the 1986 Census, an explanation of how the variables derived from the census questions can be used, and an introduction to the geography of the census. Also included is information about how the latest census differs from its predecessors, and about what new products and services are available." A French edition is also available.
Correspondence: Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OT6, Canada. Location: Stanford University Libraries. Source: APLIC Census Network List, No. 93, Feb 1989.

55:20737 Conteh, Al-Hassan. Accounting for Liberia's population through her censuses. Liberian Studies Journal, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1988. 104-32 pp. Oak Park, Illinois. In Eng.
Data from the 1843 census of Liberia and data from subsequent censuses are analyzed and compared in order to provide estimates of the population at that date and a description of its subsequent development. Problems of data quality in the 1843 and subsequent censuses are first considered. The contents of the census are then described.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

55:20738 Ctrnact, Pavel. Preparation of the population and housing census in Czechoslovakia. Demosta, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1988. 42-5 pp. Prague, Czechoslovakia. In Eng.
The author describes the preparation, methodology, data collection, data analysis, and financing of the 1990 population and housing census of Czechoslovakia.
Correspondence: P. Ctrnact, Federal Statistical Office, Editorial and Distribution Department, Sokolovska 142, 186 13, Prague 8, Czechoslovakia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20739 Cummings, Janet R. Overview of the test census program. In: American Statistical Association, 1986 proceedings of the Social Statistics Section. [1986]. 99-102 pp. American Statistical Association: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author discusses the goals of the 1990 U.S. census. Ideas for improving the 1990 census and a brief outline of the test census program is presented.
Correspondence: J. R. Cummings, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20740 Diffendal, Gregg. The 1986 Test of Adjustment Related Operations in Central Los Angeles County. [Test des operations de redressement de 1986 dans le Central Los Angeles County.] Survey Methodology/Techniques d'Enquete, Vol. 14, No. 1, Jun 1988. 71-86, 75-92 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng; Fre.
The author presents the methodology and results of a 1986 test census conducted in Central Los Angeles County, California, to examine the feasibility of adjusting the census for the estimated undercount using a post-enumeration survey. "The results of the dual-system estimates are presented for the test site by the three major race/ethnic groups (Hispanic, Asian, Other) by tenure, by age and by sex. Summaries of the small area adjustments of the census enumeration, by block, are presented and discussed."
Correspondence: G. Diffendal, Statistical Research Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20741 Doyle, J. Gray; Love, Susan. 1990 census automation systems testing program. In: American Statistical Association, 1986 proceedings of the Social Statistics Section. [1986]. 109-15 pp. American Statistical Association: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The purpose of this paper is to review the [U.S.] 1980 census data preparation and processing system, and the 1990 census automation systems testing program first implemented during the 1985 test censuses."
Correspondence: J. G. Doyle, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20742 Harner, Deborah A. Planning the 1990 census data collection and processing design. In: American Statistical Association, 1986 proceedings of the Social Statistics Section. [1986]. 122-6 pp. American Statistical Association: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author discusses "the [U.S.] Census Bureau's plans to alter the data collection and processing design of the 1980 Census in order to successfully integrate automation into the 1990 Census."
Correspondence: D. A. Harner, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20743 Hogan, Howard; Wolter, Kirk. Measuring accuracy in a post-enumeration survey. [Mesure de l'erreur dans une enquete post-censitaire.] Survey Methodology/Techniques d'Enquete, Vol. 14, No. 1, Jun 1988. 99-116, 105-24 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng; Fre.
"The U.S. Bureau of the Census will use a post-enumeration survey to measure the coverage of the 1990 Decennial Census. The Census Bureau has developed and tested new procedures aimed at increasing the accuracy of the survey. This paper describes the new methods. It discusses the categories of error that occur in a post-enumeration survey and means of evaluation to determine that the results are accurate. The new methods and the evaluation of the methods are discussed in the context of a recent test post-enumeration survey."
Correspondence: H. Hogan, Statistical Research Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20744 Isaki, Cary T.; Schultz, Linda K.; Diffendal, Gregg J.; Huang, Elizabeth T. On estimating census undercount in small areas. Journal of Official Statistics, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1988. 95-112 pp. Stockholm, Sweden. In Eng.
"Net undercount rates in the U.S. decennial census have been steadily declining over the last several censuses. Differential undercounts among race groups and geographic areas, however, appear to persist. In the following, we examine and compare several methodologies for providing small area estimates of census coverage by constructing artificial populations. Measures of performance are also introduced to assess the various small area estimates. Synthetic estimation in combination with regression modelling provide the best results over the methods considered. Sampling error effects are also simulated. The results form the basis for determining coverage evaluation survey small area estimates of the 1900 decennial census."
Correspondence: C. T. Isaki, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Location: Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.

55:20745 Jaro, Matthew A.; Childers, Danny R. Matching the 1985 census of Tampa, Florida. In: American Statistical Association, 1986 proceedings of the Social Statistics Section. [1986]. 116-21 pp. American Statistical Association: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors first describe theoretical concepts related to U.S. census record linkage (the process of matching individuals counted in a census to individuals counted in a post- or pre-enumeration survey). They also present the methodology used for the 1985 test census of Tampa, Florida, and discuss some of the concepts of the Post Enumerative Survey (PES).
Correspondence: M. A. Jaro, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20746 Legare, Jacques. A population register for Canada under the French regime: context, scope, content and applications. Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1988. 1-16 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This paper presents the population register of the Programme de recherche en demographie historique which reconstitutes the Canadian population under the French regime. Resulting from an almost completely computerized series of operations, from data collection to data analysis, its individual and family files are eminently suited for longitudinal analysis. Various applications illustrate this fact: the kinship relationships between pioneers arriving in Canada before 1680, the conjugal lives of these pioneers, adult mortality and orphanhood, premarital conceptions and differential number of descendants."
Correspondence: J. Legare, Universite de Montreal, CP 6128, Succursale A., Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20747 Mukherjee, Bishwa N.; Mukhopadhyay, Barun K. A study of digit preference and quality of age data in Turkish censuses. Genus, Vol. 44, No. 1-2, Jan-Jun 1988. 201-27 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ita.
The authors study digit preference and the quality of age data in the 1945, 1955, and 1970 censuses of Turkey. "Using the age distributions in successive censuses and particular cohort groups as well as the analysis of stable population, severe misreporting of certain ages was found. The...age data seem to be influenced substantially by both response errors and coverage errors....[and] show heaping at ages ending in zero and five years. The pattern of heaping is pronounced from age 20 onwards and this is true both for males and females. Various analyses showed clear evidence of heaping in all the three censuses at the age group 40-44 years irrespective of sex. The magnitude of digit preference bias seems to be reducing with the passage of time. This is especially true in the case of females. The possibility of increased female literacy as a factor underlying this reduction is pointed out. Other implications of the results are discussed."
Correspondence: B. N. Mukherjee, Computer Science Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20748 O'Hare, William P. Effects of census adjustment. Population Today, Vol. 17, No. 3, Mar 1989. 6-8 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This paper examines "the potential impact of various adjustment scenarios on the apportionment of Congressional seats following the 1990 [U.S.] Decennial Census...." The author concludes that none of the alternative adjustment procedures under consideration would make a significant difference in the overall composition of Congress.
Correspondence: W. P. O'Hare, Population Reference Bureau, 777 14th Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20749 Pearce, David; Clark, Alex; Baird, George. The 1987 census test. Population Trends, No. 53, Autumn 1988. 22-6 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This article describes some of the results of the census test carried out in 1987 in preparation for the 1991 [United Kingdom] Census. The test was mainly concerned with testing a wide range of field procedures. Specific objectives included improving those field procedures known to have been ineffective in the 1981 Census, devising methods of improving coverage of the population, testing new reporting procedures for field staff and collecting information for determining enumerators' pay. Some revised or new questions were also tested. The test was also an opportunity for Headquarters staff to gain valuable experience before the census itself. The conclusions drawn from this test will be considered in planning the April 1989 census test."
Correspondence: D. Pearce, Census Division, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, St. Catherines House, 10 Kingsway, London WC2B 6JP, England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20750 Poland. Glowny Urzad Statystyczny (Warsaw, Poland). General national census, 1988, December 7-12. [Narodowy spis powszechny, 1988, 7-12 grudnia.] Wiadomosci Statystyczne, Vol. 33, No. 9, Sep 1988. 44 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol.
This special issue is devoted to the 1988 general population census of Poland, which was scheduled to be conducted in December. Topics covered in various articles include census methodology, organizational issues, problem areas, evaluation, and publication of the results.
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent issues of Population Index.
Correspondence: Glowny Urzad Statystyczny, Al. Niepodleglosci 208, 00 925 Warsaw, Poland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20751 Redfern, Philip. Population registers: some administrative and statistical pros and cons. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A: Statistics in Society, Vol. 152, No. 1, 1989. 1-41 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The advantages and disadvantages of introducing a central population register are discussed in the context of the United Kingdom. The discussion covers a range of issues, including "justice, fairness, freedom, privacy, efficiency, the fight against crime and fraud, and relations between the government and the community." The author describes the use of population registers in other European countries, the statistical implications of better population registers, the various population records that do exist in the United Kingdom, and the proposal to introduce identity cards in Australia. A summary of a discussion that took place following presentation of the paper at the Royal Statistical Society is included (pp. 28-41).
Correspondence: P. Redfern, 17 Fulwith Close, Harrogate, North Yorkshire HG2 8HP, England. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

55:20752 Salvo, Joseph J.; Mann, Evelyn S. Issues on data products--content and format: the microdata files. In: American Statistical Association, 1986 proceedings of the Social Statistics Section. [1986]. 249-53 pp. American Statistical Association: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Possible avenues for expansion or improvement of the U.S. Census Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) are explored. Special attention is paid to reevaluating the record linkages between family members, the weighting scheme, and the form and content of the documentation.
Correspondence: J. J. Salvo, New York City Department of Planning, New York, NY. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20753 Schenker, Nathaniel. Handling missing data in coverage estimation, with application to the 1986 Test of Adjustment Related Operations. [Traitement des donnees manquantes dans l'estimation de la couverture: le Test des operations de redressement de 1986.] Survey Methodology/Techniques d'Enquete, Vol. 14, No. 1, Jun 1988. 87-97, 93-104 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng; Fre.
"This paper discusses methods used to handle missing data in post-enumeration surveys for estimating census coverage error, as illustrated for the 1986 Test of Adjustment Related Operations (Diffendal 1988). The methods include imputation schemes based on hot-deck and logistic regression models as well as weighting adjustments. The sensivity of undercount estimates from the 1986 test to variations in the imputation models is also explored." The test was carried out in Central Los Angeles County, California.
For the paper by Gregg Diffendal, see elsewhere in this issue.
Correspondence: N. Schenker, Statistical Research Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20754 Schneider, Paula J. 1990 census data products planning. In: American Statistical Association, 1986 proceedings of the Social Statistics Section. [1986]. 254-8 pp. American Statistical Association: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author reviews the 1990 U.S. census data products planning process. General goals and specific guidelines are discussed, as are proposals for improving census sample data products.
Correspondence: P. J. Schneider, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20755 United Nations. Statistical Commission (New York, New York); United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe [ECE]. Conference of European Statisticians (Geneva, Switzerland); United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe [ECE]. Committee on Housing, Building and Planning (Geneva, Switzerland). Recommendations for the 1990 censuses of population and housing in the ECE region: regional variant of the world recommendations for the 1990 round of population and housing censuses. Statistical Standards and Studies, No. 40, Pub. Order No. E.87.II.E.38. ISBN 92-1-116412-5. 1987. iii, 116 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
Recommendations are presented for the 1990 round of censuses to be conducted in the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) region. The ECE region includes Europe, Northern America, Turkey, and the USSR. "The scope of the recommendations is limited to the following three elements: (a) a list of 'basic' topics which countries should cover in their censuses, and recommended definitions and classifications for each of the basic topics; (b) a list of 'additional' topics which countries may wish to consider including in their censuses, and suggested definitions and/or classifications for some of the additional topics; and (c) a recommended basic tabulation programme, with illustrative sketches of the scope and contents of the recommended tabulations."
For a related publication presenting these recommendations in draft form, see 53:30784.
Correspondence: United Nations, Sales Section, Geneva, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20756 United States. Bureau of the Census (Washington, D.C.). 1980 Census of population and housing. Evaluation and research reports. Content reinterview study: accuracy of data for selected population and housing characteristics as measured by reinterview. Pub. Order No. PHC 80-E2. LC 87-601150. Sep 1986. 147 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This is one in a series of reports designed to assess the accuracy of selected subject matter from the 1980 U.S. census or the effectiveness of specific methodologies used in the census. The present report is concerned with simple response variance and response bias associated with various population and housing items. The population characteristics examined include Spanish origin, school attendance, place of birth, citizenship, year of immigration, language other than English, and ancestry.
Correspondence: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20757 Ward, Sandra E. 1990 censuses to increase use of automation. Asian and Pacific Population Forum, Vol. 2, No. 3-4, Dec 1988. 1-10, 28-31 pp. Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng.
This article summarizes some of the discussions that took place at the Twelfth Population Census Conference held in Beijing, China, September 5-9, 1988. The focus was on plans for the 1990 census round in Asia and the Pacific. The emphasis of these plans was on the increased use of automation "with applications ranging from the use of computer-generated maps of enumeration areas and optical mark readers for data processing, to desk-top publishing and electronic mail for disseminating the results. The innovations are expected to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the censuses while reducing costs. In addition, significant improvements can be expected in the timeliness of census results."
Correspondence: S. E. Ward, East-West Population Institute, East-West Center, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20758 Whitehead, Frank. How the 1991 census should improve government statistics. Population Trends, No. 53, Autumn 1988. 18-21 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"The purpose of this article is to draw attention to one or two special features of the plans for the 1991 [United Kingdom] Census which should improve the use and usefulness of the results." These changes concern the use of postal codes; efforts to achieve a more complete population base; the counting of dwellings, housing quality, one-parent families, hours of work, chronic illness, and ethnic groups; and output from the census.
Correspondence: F. Whitehead, Statistics Division, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, St. Catherines House, 10 Kingsway, London WC2B 6JP, England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20759 Whitford, David C.; Hay, Carolyn R. Address list development for the 1990 census. In: American Statistical Association, 1986 proceedings of the Social Statistics Section. [1986]. 103-8 pp. American Statistical Association: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper presents the methods of address list compilation, the methods of updating and refining address lists and the methods of delivery of questionnaires that are under consideration for the 1990 [U.S.] census."
Correspondence: D. C. Whitford, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

O.4. Surveys

55:20760 Awusabo-Asare, Kofi. Interpretations of demographic concepts: the case of Ghana. Population and Development Review, Vol. 14, No. 4, Dec 1988. 675-87, 762-4 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The high level of standardization of concepts and methodologies in the World Fertility Survey obscured characteristics peculiar to some of the Third World countries that took part in the project. This note reviews some of the concepts and methodologies used in the Ghana Fertility Survey (GFS). Among the concepts examined are the household, the unit of data collection, marriage as an event, forms of marriage--an area not included in the GFS questionnaire--and postpartum abstinence. In each instance the concepts applied compromised the quality of demographic data collected. Adding a few questions or modifying some of the standard concepts would permit collection of data that would better reflect the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in these countries."
Correspondence: K. Awusabo-Asare, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20761 Mbacke, Cheikh. A contribution to the technical evaluation of Surveys on Infant Mortality in the Sahil (EMIS). [Contribution a l'evaluation technique des Enquetes sur la Mortalite Infantile dans le Sahel (EMIS).] Working Paper du CERPOD, No. 1, Oct 1988. 18 pp. Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches sur la Population pour le Developpement [CERPOD]: Bamako, Mali. In Fre.
This study is concerned with the methodology adopted in a series of surveys on infant mortality carried out in the Sahel countries of Africa since 1981 by the Socioeconomic and Demographic Division of the Sahel Institute. Surveys have to date been conducted in the urban centers of Banfora, Bobodioulasso, Koudougou, and Ouahigouya in Burkina Faso, and in Bamako in Mali; and in a rural area, Thies, in Senegal. The focus of this paper is on the major problems encountered in the methodology used in the surveys. The author concludes that continuing surveys of this kind are useful in obtaining data for the retrospective and prospective analysis of infant and child mortality trends, but cannot provide data adequate for reliable estimates of such mortality overall.
Correspondence: CILSS, Institut du Sahel, B.P. 1530, Bamako, Mali. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20762 Nepal. Ministry of Health. Family Planning and Maternal/Child Health Project. Planning, Research and Evaluation Section (Kathmandu, Nepal). Nepal Fertility and Family Planning Survey report, 1986. Jun 1987. vii, 199 pp. Kathmandu, Nepal. In Eng.
Results are presented from the 1986 Nepal Fertility and Family Planning Survey, the third national demographic survey conducted by the Nepal Family Planning and Maternal/Child Health Project since 1976. The survey covered some 5,000 currently married women aged 15-50. Following a description of survey organization and methodology, chapters are included on the characteristics of the study population, data quality, nuptiality, fertility, infant mortality, preference for number and sex of children, and contraceptive knowledge and practice.
Correspondence: Nepal Family Planning and Maternal/Child Health Project, P.O. Box 820, FP/MCH Building, Panchayat Plaza, Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20763 Population Council (New York, New York). Ecuador 1987: results from the Demographic and Health Survey. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 20, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1989. 117-21 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
Data from the 1987 Ecuador Demographic and Health Survey are presented. Included are tables and charts on population characteristics, fertility, fertility preferences, contraceptive use, nuptiality, breast-feeding, infant mortality, and morbidity.
Correspondence: Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20764 Sawhney, Nirmala; Talwar, Prem P.; Misra, Bhaskar D. Large scale surveys in health and FW programmes in India: methodological issues. 1988. [x], 190 pp. Population Centre, Uttar Pradesh: Lucknow, India. In Eng.
This book is the product of a workshop organized in Nainital, India, in March 1988 on methodological aspects of large-scale population and health surveys in India. "The introductory section discusses details about the problems and issues of the workshop and the recommendations [that] emerged from the discussions. Section two gives an overview of various stages and recommendations in the area of design, instruments, field operations and data processing which should serve as guidelines for conducting large scale surveys....The third section presents various papers prepared by different individuals who have been working in [the] population and health [fields] and have conducted various surveys."
Correspondence: Population Centre, Uttar Pradesh, Indira Nagar, Lucknow 226 016, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

55:20765 Sawyer, Diana O. The National Sample Survey of Households (PNAD) in focus: the 1980s. [PNADs em foco: anos 80.] 1988. 310 pp. Associacao Brasileira de Estudos Populacionais [ABEP]: Belo Horizonte, Brazil. In Por.
This book contains nine papers presented at a seminar on the use of data obtained in Brazil's National Sample Survey of Households (PNAD). Subjects covered include education, the work force, employment, income, welfare, mortality, fertility, contraception, and the situation of children and adolescents in Brazil.
Correspondence: ABEP, Rua Curitiba 832, 9 andar, 30000 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).