54:40706 Farley,
Reynolds. After the starting line: blacks and women in an
uphill race. Demography, Vol. 25, No. 4, Nov 1988. 477-95 pp.
Alexandria, Virginia. In Eng.
This study, which formed the
Presidential Address to the 1988 Annual Meeting of the Population
Association of America, is concerned with the changing role of blacks
and women in contemporary U.S. society. The focus is on the
integration of blacks into the economy and on the changing composition
of black families. The author argues that the continuing high poverty
rate among blacks can only be understood in the context of three major
social changes: the civil rights revolution of the 1960s, shifts in
employment and industry, and changes in the social and economic roles
of women. He concludes that "largely because of changes in family
patterns, many black women and an increasing proportion of white women
face spans--often when they have custody of children--during which
their incomes put them near or below the poverty line....[and that] the
changes in family structure that occurred among blacks are a leading
indicator of what may happen among whites." The importance of having
demographers contribute to the debate on policy alternatives concerning
the reduction of poverty, the future of the family, and affirmative
action is stressed.
Correspondence: R. Farley, Population
Studies Center, University of Michigan, 1225 South University, Ann
Arbor, MI 48104-2590. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:40707 Findl,
Peter; Holzmann, Robert; Munz, Rainer. Population and the
welfare state: scenarios up to the year 2050. [Bevolkerung und
Sozialstaat: Szenarien bis 2050.] Schriftenreihe des Ludwig
Boltzmann-Instituts fur Okonomische Analysen Wirtschaftspolitischer
Aktivitaten, Vol. 2, ISBN 3-214-06991-8. 1987. 137 pp. Manzsche
Verlags- und Universitatsbuchhandlung: Vienna, Austria. In Ger. with
sum. in Eng.
This book focuses on future demographic trends in
Austria and their impact on social programs. In the first section,
historical trends in fertility, mortality, demographic aging, and
migration are examined for the period since 1869, and three scenarios
of future demographic changes up to the year 2051 are presented. In
the second section, the impact of demographic trends on future
expenditures for social programs is calculated based on estimated
expenditure-age profiles. Two alternative budgetary strategies are
investigated, and the importance of budgetary flexibility is
stressed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40708 Hogan,
Dennis P.; Mochizuki, Takashi. Demographic transitions and
the life course: lessons from Japanese and American comparisons.
Journal of Family History, Vol. 13, No. 3, 1988. 291-305 pp. Greenwich,
Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
"In this article [the authors
compare] historical changes in the early life transitions of men and
women in [twentieth-century] Japan and the United States. Trends in
the transition to adulthood systematically relate to the structure of
schools and labor markets in the two nations, drawing attention to the
various life course implications of the institutional forms under which
industrial societies may organize." Consideration is given to changes
in vital rates, the life course of Japanese women, and socioeconomic
factors and their effect on early life transitions. Data are from
official and other published sources.
Correspondence: D. P.
Hogan, Population Issues Research Center, Institute for Policy Research
and Evaluation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
16802. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40709 McDaniel,
Susan A. Demographic aging as a guiding paradigm in
Canada's welfare state. Canadian Public Policy/Analyse de
Politiques, Vol. 13, No. 3, Sep 1987. 330-6 pp. Guelph, Canada. In Eng.
with sum. in Fre.
The relevance of demographic aging to the
development of social policy in Canada is reviewed. "In this paper,
some of the less well understood causes and consequences of demographic
aging are explored within the specific context of Canadian
policy-oriented thinking. Several contemporary aspects of the complex
linkages between demographic aging, socio-economic structure and policy
are highlighted, including shifting markets, economic dependency and
pension and health care requirements."
Correspondence: S.
A. McDaniel, Department of Sociology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo,
Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada. Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
54:40710 Oppong,
Christine. African women: wives, mothers, and
workers. [Les femmes africaines: des epouses, des meres et des
travailleuses.] In: Population et societes en Afrique au sud du Sahara,
edited by Dominique Tabutin. 1988. 421-40 pp. Editions l'Harmattan:
Paris, France. In Fre.
The status of women in Sub-Saharan Africa is
reviewed, with consideration given to its links to the high fertility
prevalent in the region. The author examines the relationships among
females' lack of education, early age at marriage, and early
childbearing. Women's household responsibilities and the type of
employment opportunities open to women both outside and within
agriculture are described. The need for social change before fertility
can be expected to decline is noted.
Correspondence: C.
Oppong, Bureau International du Travail, Service de la Planification de
l'Emploi et des Activites en Matiere de Population, 12 Parc Chateau
Banquet, Geneva 1202, Switzerland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:40711 Powers,
Mary G. Development and the status of women: indicators
and measures. In: World population trends and their impact on
economic development, edited by Dominick Salvatore. 1988. 187-98 pp.
Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
"This chapter discusses (1) the change in development emphases
giving rise to increased concern for the status of women during the
past two decades; (2) some conceptual and methodological issues
underlying efforts to measure the status of women; and (3) a series of
indicators of the situation of women developed as part of a large
ongoing project at the United Nations Statistical
Office."
Correspondence: M. G. Powers, Graduate School of
Arts and Sciences, Fordham University, Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40712 Sandu,
Dumitru. Patterns of territorial social development in
Romania. [Dezvoltarea socioteritoriala in Romania.] 1987. 300 pp.
Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania: Bucharest, Romania. In
Rum. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
This work is concerned with territorial
social development in Romania, including demographic, economic, labor
force, and socio-cultural aspects. The primary objective is to present
a theoretical model of development and fit it to empirical data. The
data, which are for 1977 and 1982, concern fertility, mortality,
nuptiality, divorce, migration, social mobility, consumption,
morbidity, urbanization, housing, social class, and profession. The
data are presented by district and for rural and urban
areas.
Correspondence: Editura Academiei Republicii
Socialiste Romania, Calea Victoriei 125, R 79717, Bucharest, Romania.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40713 Schmahl,
Winfried. Social policies for reducing
demographically-induced costs in social security. European Journal
of Population/Revue Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 3, No. 3-4, Jul
1988. 439-57 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"The demographically-induced increases in the cost of
social-security systems (especially pension and health-insurance
schemes) that will develop over the next few decades are briefly
outlined and the available policy options for coping with them are
discussed. Examples of the possible effect of various policies in the
[Federal Republic of Germany] are presented. The importance of
anticipatory action is stressed, particularly for systems like pension
schemes where an individual's rights are built up through contributions
made over a long period and where abrupt action could lead to perceived
severe inequities or even hardship."
Correspondence: W.
Schmahl, Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaft, Freie Universitat Berlin,
Boltzmannstrasse 20, D-1000 Berlin 33, Federal Republic of Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40714 Seager,
Joni; Olson, Ann. Women in the world: an international
atlas. A Pluto Press Project, ISBN 0-671-60297-7. LC 86-6739.
1986. 128 pp. Simon and Schuster: New York, New York. In Eng.
Maps
and graphics are used to present comparative data on women around the
world. Sections are included on marriage, motherhood, work, resources,
welfare, authority, body politics, change, and statistical politics.
The section on motherhood contains data on mothers, population policy,
contraception, abortion, birth and death, birth care, and families. The
section on resources includes data on educational
status.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
54:40715
Selvaratnam, S. Population and status of
women. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, Vol. 3, No. 2, Jun 1988.
3-28 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"This article reviews the
current status of women in the Asian and Pacific region in terms of
education, health and employment, and considers the mutual
interrelationships between population and status of women, citing
evidence from studies carried out in countries of the region. It
concludes with several recommendations related to measures that would
increase the participation of women in national socio-economic
development. However, it states that such participation is possible
only if serious efforts are made to eliminate discrimination and remove
obstacles to their advancement in the field of education, training,
employment and career prospects."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:40716
Switzerland. Bundesamt fur Statistik (Bern, Switzerland);
Switzerland. Bundesamt fur Sozialversicherung (Bern,
Switzerland). The influence of demographic trends on the
financing of old-age social security (demographic report concerning
old-age social security). [Der Einfluss der demographischen
Entwicklung auf die Finanzierung der AHV (Demographiebericht AHV).] Mar
18, 1988. 26-30 pp. Bern, Switzerland. In Ger.
The impact of
long-term demographic trends on the financing of the old-age social
security system in Switzerland is analyzed. A model for simulating
demographic trends and social security finances is first outlined, and
three population projections to the year 2040 are presented. The
results of the three scenarios are then discussed, taking into account
variations that could occur as a result of economic conditions and
changes in retirement age. The findings indicate that the current
financial situation is favorable but that the outlook is likely to
worsen in the 1990s.
Correspondence: W. Haug, Chef der
Abteilung Bevolkerung und Beschaftigung (BFS), Hallwylstrasse 15, 3003
Bern, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:40717 Tewinkel,
A. Old-age social security and population decline: a
theoretical and normative analysis. [Alterssicherung im
Bevolkerungsruckgang: eine theoretische und normative Analyse.]
Ifo-Studien zur Bevolkerungsokonomie, No. 3, ISBN 3-88512-035-6. 1987.
viii, 289 pp. Ifo-Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung: Munich, Germany,
Federal Republic of. In Ger.
The relationships between demographic
trends, particularly population decrease, and old-age security are
examined from a theoretical perspective, and measures for evaluating
these relationships are discussed. Chapters are included on population
problems and attempts to solve them, the interrelationships between
population trends and various systems of old-age security, the problem
of equity between generations, and private and governmental reactions
to the burdens that population decrease will place on the old-age
social security system. The geographical focus is on the Federal
Republic of Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:40718 Castonguay,
Charles. Demographic change and French Quebec.
[Virage demographique et Quebec francais.] Cahiers Quebecois de
Demographie, Vol. 17, No. 1, Spring 1988. 49-61 pp. Montreal, Canada.
In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"The socio-political climate and the
dissemination of demographic results interact very closely over
language matters in Quebec. An examination of the decline of the
French-speaking population in North America casts some doubt on the
thesis of the linguistic polarization of Canada. An overview of the
factors which determine the future size and linguistic composition of
Quebec's population shows that French Quebec has arrived at an
extremely critical turning point. The most recent results on
interprovincial migration and language shift will likely encourage a
firm and careful language policy, in order to avoid the prospect of
losing ground to English."
Correspondence: C. Castonguay,
Department of Mathematics, University of Ottawa, 550 Cumberland Street,
Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:40719 Cliff,
Julie; Noormahomed, Abdul R. Health as a target: South
Africa's destabilization of Mozambique. Social Science and
Medicine, Vol. 27, No. 7, 1988. 717-22 pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford,
England. In Eng.
"Since 1982 attacks on the health services have
been an integral part of South African destabilization of Mozambique.
After independence in 1975, Mozambique began successfully to implement
a primary health care policy. By attacking primary health care units,
kidnapping and killing health workers and destroying transport, a South
African supported rebel movement has attempted to undermine this
policy. The combined effects of the negative economic consequences of
the war, the forced displacement of over a million people and the
destruction and disruption of health services have worsened the health
of the Mozambican people....Effects on health include an increase in
mortality rates, famine and infectious disease
epidemics."
Correspondence: J. Cliff, Seccao de
Epidemiologia, Ministerio da Saude, C.P. 264, Maputo, Mozambique.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
54:40720 de Beer,
J.; van der Hoeven, L. Trends in election results since
1917. [Trendmatige ontwikkelingen van verkiezingsresultaten na
1917.] Maandstatistiek van de Bevolking, Vol. 36, No. 5, May 1988.
19-27 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
Long-term changes in election results for the main political
parties in the Netherlands since 1917 are analyzed. Differences
between national and local election trends are
noted.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40721 Goodis,
Tracy A. The political adaptation of Hispanic immigrants
to the United States. Impacts of Immigration in California Policy
Discussion Paper, Pub. Order No. PDS-88-4. Sep 1988. 35, 3 pp. Urban
Institute: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"As a first step in
understanding both the responsibility of the majority society and of
the Hispanic population this paper presents a review of the literature
on the political adaptation of Hispanic immigrants to the United States
and their descendants. The first part...presents a discussion of the
political socialization of Hispanics. The second section contains an
examination of the propensity of different segments of the Hispanic
population to become U.S. citizens and what factors influence the
decision to naturalize. Finally, a discussion of the voting behavior
and patterns among Hispanics is presented."
Correspondence:
Urban Institute, 2100 M street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40722 Kasun,
Jacqueline R. Gnats and camels: Congressional oversight
of population programs. Society, Vol. 25, No. 5, Jul-Aug 1988. 4-7
pp. New Brunswick, New Jersey. In Eng.
The author uses the examples
of Iran, Nicaragua, and the Philippines to develop the argument that
family planning programs promoted by a variety of U.S.-based private
organizations were a major cause of the overthrow of pro-U.S.
governments and the subsequent rejection of both the United States and
family planning. She asserts that these population organizations are
in fact making U.S. policy without Congressional control, and attacks
the motive and methods of advocates of slower rates of population
growth.
Correspondence: J. R. Kasun, Department of
Economics, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA 95521.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
54:40723 Longino,
Charles F.; Leeds, Dawn. Camels and gnats: the Malthusian
fundamentalism insurgency. Society, Vol. 25, No. 5, Jul-Aug 1988.
8-10 pp. New Brunswick, New Jersey. In Eng.
The authors challenge
the arguments of Jacqueline R. Kasun concerning U.S. aid for family
planning in developing countries. They see the roots of modern
fundamentalist opposition to government support for family planning at
home or abroad as being based in traditional Malthusianism, in which
the solution to population problems is to be found in a combination of
moral restraint and a growth of material prosperity.
For the article
by Kasun, also published in 1988, see elsewhere in this issue.
Correspondence: C. F. Longino, Center for Social Research
in Aging, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
54:40724 Uhlenberg,
Peter. Does population aging produce increasing
gerontocracy? Sociological Forum, Vol. 3, No. 3, Summer 1988.
454-63 pp. Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
The impact of demographic
aging on the involvement of older persons in leadership roles in the
United States is explored. "The period covered is roughly 1940 to the
present, and the areas of leadership examined are representation in
Congress and in professional and managerial occupations....The data
examined here show that over the past several decades the engagement of
older persons in leadership positions has declined
rapidly."
Correspondence: P. Uhlenberg, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:40725 Wiemer,
Reinhard. Zionism, demography, and emigration from
Israel. Orient, Vol. 28, No. 3, Sep 1987. 420-7 pp. Hamburg,
Germany, Federal Republic of. In Eng.
This is a general discussion
of the demographic component of the push to create and maintain a
Zionist state in Israel in the face of an Arab majority in the region.
Topics covered include demographic planning since 1948 and the impact
of emigration and immigration on the demographic makeup of Israel. The
author concludes that neither emigration nor immigration will play a
decisive role in the ethnic composition of the Israeli
state.
Location: Princeton University Library (SY).
54:40726 Winter, J.
M. The Great War and the British people. ISBN
0-674-36212-8. LC 85-27034. 1986. iv, 360 pp. Harvard University Press:
Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
The author assesses the impact of
World War I on mortality and morbidity in the United Kingdom. "The
first part describes Britain's 'lost generation' of young men who died
in the war. It shows that the higher up the social scale a man was,
the greater were his chances of becoming a casualty of war. The second
section explores civilian life and seeks an explanation for the
increase in civilian life expectancy registered during the war. [The
author] concludes that it was an unplanned but substantial rise in the
standard of living of the worst-off sections of society that accounts
for improving health in wartime Britain. The final part examines the
aftermath of the war and the ways in which it left an indelible imprint
on the memory of a generation. The evidence on population trends is
surveyed as well as the more elusive, but perhaps more profound,
meaning of the war captured in the literature of the
period."
Location: Population Council Library, New York,
NY.
54:40727 Bebbington,
A. C. The expectation of life without disability in
England and Wales. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 27, No. 4,
1988. 321-6 pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
Trends
in the expectation of life without disability (ELWD) over the past 10
years are calculated for England and Wales using data from the General
Household Survey and methods developed by Jean-Marie Robine et al. "At
present ELWD from birth is about 59 years for men, 62 for women. The
trend is upward, but by no more and possibly less than the rate of
increase in expectation of life. Men live a greater proportion of
their lives without disability than do women. The improvement in ELWD
is most marked in the highest age-groups, but the evidence is that the
health of the elderly in relation to that of the population as a whole
has been poorer in England and Wales than in two other countries for
which similar evidence is available."
For the study by Robine et
al., published in 1986, see 53:20705.
Correspondence: A.
C. Bebbington, PSSRU, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NF, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
54:40728 Behrman,
Jere R. Nutrition, health, birth order and seasonality:
intrahousehold allocation among children in rural India. Journal
of Development Economics, Vol. 28, No. 1, Feb 1988. 43-62 pp.
Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Nutrients available to children
are determined largely by intrahousehold allocations. There are a
number of reasons why birth order may affect these allocations. A
model is developed to estimate critical parameters of parental
preferences regarding the allocation of nutrients among their children.
Latent variable estimates for rural south India indicate that parental
preferences have productivity-equity tradeoffs and parents favor older
children. The productivity-equity tradeoff, however, is much less for
the lean season. Therefore, when food is scarcest, parents follow more
closely a pure investment strategy, exposing their more vulnerable
children to greater malnutrition risk."
Correspondence: J.
R. Behrman, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6297.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
54:40729 Ferraz,
Elenice M.; Gray, Ronald H.; Fleming, Patricia L.; Maia, Tarcisio
M. Interpregnancy interval and low birth weight: findings
from a case-control study. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol.
128, No. 5, Nov 1988. 1,111-6 pp. Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"In
this case-control study, data on pregnancy outcome for women in
northeast Brazil have been examined to ascertain the relation between
short birth-to-conception intervals and the risk of preterm deliveries
or intrauterine growth retardation. The results provide additional
clues to the causal network through which child spacing may operate to
increase the risk of low birth weight."
Correspondence: R.
H. Gray, Department of Population Dynamics, Johns Hopkins School of
Hygiene and Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
54:40730 Hansluwka,
Harald E. Measuring the health status of a population:
current state of the art. Population Bulletin of the United
Nations, No. 23-24, 1987. 56-75 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The Global Strategy for Health for All by the Year 2000 by the
World Health Organization has revived interest in looking for objective
measures of the health status of a given population....This paper
attempts to survey existing and proposed health indicators, including
mortality and survival, growth and development, and morbidity and
disability; and discusses problems associated with them. It concludes
that mortality statistics are likely to retain their central place in
the evaluation of health progress."
Correspondence: H. E.
Hansluwka, Global Epidemiological Surveillance and Health Situation
Assessment, World Health Organization, 27 Avenue Appia, CH-1211 Geneva,
Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40731 Jacobson,
Jodi L. Family planning and world health. Society,
Vol. 25, No. 5, Jul-Aug 1988. 18-24 pp. New Brunswick, New Jersey. In
Eng.
The contribution of family planning to the improvement of
world health is reviewed. Consideration is given to changing
contraceptive technologies, the ingredients of successful programs to
lower fertility, and the role of international assistance for
population activities.
Correspondence: J. L. Jacobson,
Worldwatch Institute, Washington, D.C. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
54:40732 Kampert,
James B.; Whittemore, Alice S.; Paffenbarger, Ralph S.
Combined effect of childbearing, menstrual events, and body size on
age-specific breast cancer risk. American Journal of Epidemiology,
Vol. 128, No. 5, Nov 1988. 962-79 pp. Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
The authors estimate "age-specific relative risks of breast cancer
according to childbearing, menstrual events, and body size...."
Consideration is given to the effects of age at menarche, parity, age
at first birth, menopause, and body weight. Data are for 1,884 women
of all ages with breast cancer and 3,432 matched controls admitted to
hospitals in the San Francisco, California, area during the period
1970-1977.
Correspondence: J. B. Kampert, Department of
Family, Community, and Preventive Medicine, Health Research and Policy
Building, Room 113, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford,
CA 94305. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
54:40733 Loewenson,
Rene. Labour insecurity and health: an epidemiological
study in Zimbabwe. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 27, No. 7,
1988. 733-41 pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The
research presented in this paper focuses on health status and health
care provision within the agricultural working class in Zimbabwe, with
specific reference to the association between underemployment of
agricultural labour and patterns of ill health and the use of health
services....[The author assesses] the patterns of employment and income
in permanent and non-permanent labour households on large scale
farms...; the relationship between employment status and living
environment, dietary patterns, levels of ill health and use of health
services; [and] the relationship between seasonal patterns of
employment and income and patterns of diet, ill health and use of
health services in both permanent and non-permanent households." Data
are from a survey of 78 permanent and 76 non-permanent (underemployed)
agricultural families.
Correspondence: R. Loewenson,
Medical School, P.O. Box A 178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
54:40734 Manton,
Kenneth G. A longitudinal study of functional change and
mortality in the United States. Journal of Gerontology: Social
Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 5, Sep 1988. S153-61 pp. Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
"Studies of functional impairments in the U.S. elderly
population have tended to rely on prevalence estimates from nationally
representative health and institutional surveys. These prevalence
estimates generally show higher rates of disability for females than
males. Unfortunately, prevalence estimates can be misleading when one
attempts to assess the risks of certain types of health event
transitions for individuals. This study directly examined the
individual transitions both into and out of functionally impaired
states using longitudinal data from the 1982 and 1984 National Long
Term Care Surveys (NLTCS). The data show that, even at very high
levels of impairment, there are significant numbers of community
residents who apparently manifest long-term improvement in functioning.
The longitudinal data also show that the risks of becoming disabled are
roughly the same for males and females. This suggests that sex
differences in the national prevalence of disabilities arise from the
greater longevity of females at any given level of age and functional
impairment."
Correspondence: K. G. Manton, Center for
Demographic Studies, Duke University, Durham, NC 27706.
Location: Princeton University Library (SW).
54:40735 McBarnette,
Lorna. Women and poverty: the effects on reproductive
status. Women and Health, Vol. 12, No. 3-4, 1987. 55-82 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"National surveys, over the years, have
provided evidence of [a] relationship between poverty and health. In
the United States, access to health care is generally dependent on the
ability to pay for it. As a consequence, poor women are dependent upon
government-funded social-welfare programs to attain access to health
care. This paper examines the relationship between poverty and several
indicators of reproductive status, and concludes that there is a
relationship between poverty and poor reproductive status. The health
gap between poor and nonpoor women is related to the absence of
financial and other resources that dictate
lifestyle."
Correspondence: L. McBarnette, New York State
Department of Health, Corning Tower, 14th Floor, Albany, NY 12237.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
54:40736 Price,
Max. The consequences of health service privatisation for
equality and equity in health care in South Africa. Social Science
and Medicine, Vol. 27, No. 7, 1988. 703-16 pp. Elmsford, New
York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
The impact of the increasing demand
for private-sector health services in South Africa on the provision of
health services to the population as a whole is assessed. "This paper
examines one set of consequences--those concerned with equality and
equity in health care. Except for the individuals able to use the
private sector, the trend towards privatisation is likely to exacerbate
the already unequal allocation of health care suffered by the majority
of people....Although the discussion is concerned specifically with
health services in South Africa, the arguments about privatisation
apply more generally to developing
countries."
Correspondence: M. Price, Department of
Community Health, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7
York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
54:40737 Sanders,
David; Davies, Rob. The economy, the health sector and
child health in Zimbabwe since independence. Social Science and
Medicine, Vol. 27, No. 7, 1988. 723-31 pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford,
England. In Eng.
"This paper has reviewed child health and the
economy in Zimbabwe from the immediate pre-independence period through
the periods of postindependence economic growth and recession. It has
attempted to show in particular how the recession affected the general
economic environment and how this in turn may have influenced childhood
mortality, morbidity and nutrition. It has also examined the effect of
recession and the stabilisation policies adopted on a reoriented and
rapidly expanding health sector, and has assessed the likely impact on
child health."
Correspondence: D. Sanders, Department of
Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
54:40738 Sutherland,
Alan R. Health care for the homeless. Issues in
Science and Technology, Vol. 5, No. 1, Fall 1988. 79-87 pp. Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
Health and political issues concerning the homeless
population in the United States are discussed using data from official
and other published sources. Consideration is given to the ways in
which mental and physical health problems both contribute to and are
caused by homelessness; health care needs of the homeless and the
effectiveness of the current health care system in meeting those needs;
economic factors leading to the increase in numbers of the homeless;
characteristics of the homeless population; and policy recommendations.
Additional comments by Bruce Vladeck are included (pp.
86-7).
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
54:40739 Thacker,
Stephen B.; Berkelman, Ruth L. Public health surveillance
in the United States. Epidemiologic Reviews, Vol. 10, 1988. 164-90
pp. Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"The purpose of this review is to
describe the historical and current practice of public health
surveillance [in the United States], to discuss new directions for
surveillance both in terms of new public health priorities and new
methodological tools, and to assess the limitations of
surveillance."
Correspondence: S. B. Thacker, Center for
Environmental Health and Injury Control, Centers for Disease Control,
Atlanta, GA 30333. Location: Princeton University Library
(SZ).
54:40740 van
Lerberghe, Wim; Pangu, Kasa A. The politics of
health. [Les politiques de sante.] In: Population et societes en
Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. 1988. 335-67 pp.
Editions l'Harmattan: Paris, France. In Fre.
The introduction of
Western medicine into Sub-Saharan Africa as part of the process of
colonization is first described. Developments in African health
services since independence are then discussed, with a focus on the
delivery of primary health care. Consideration is given to the gaps
between objectives and achievements. The authors also examine
alternative approaches to the provision of health services, such as
small nongovernmental projects, and the provision of selective
services.
Correspondence: W. van Lerberghe, Institut de
Medecine Tropicale, Unite de Sante Publique, 155 Nationalestraat, 2000
Anvers, Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40741 Vaughan,
Megan; Moore, Henrietta. Health, nutrition and
agricultural development in northern Zambia. Social Science and
Medicine, Vol. 27, No. 7, 1988. 743-5 pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford,
England. In Eng.
"This note describes ongoing research in the
Northern Province of Zambia which is being conducted....to examine the
current nutritional and health problems of the area in longitudinal
perspective. In particular, it aims to chart changes in the sexual
division of labour, and in the agricultural system generally, over the
last 50 years, and to examine the possible effects of these changes on
the health and welfare of the people of the area, especially women and
children."
Correspondence: M. Vaughan, Nuffield College,
Oxford 0X1 1NF, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
54:40742 Wallace,
Helen M.; Ryan, George M.; Oglesby, Allan C. Maternal and
child health practices. 3rd ed. ISBN 0-89914-028-9. LC 88-050643.
1988. xix, 722 pp. Third Party Publishing: Oakland, California. In Eng.
Major problems concerning the health care of mothers, infants,
children, youth, and their families in the United States are reviewed
in this collection of studies by various authors. Sections are
included on policies and issues in maternal and child health; basic
services for maternal and child health; reproductive health care,
including methods of fertility control; child health care, including
infant mortality; health care of adolescents, including teenage
pregnancy; children with special needs; and a global overview of the
health of women and children.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:40743 Winikoff,
Beverly. Women's health: an alternative perspective for
choosing interventions. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 19, No.
4, Jul-Aug 1988. 197-214 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This
paper outlines the health problems of mothers, discusses the links
between maternal health and child health, and emphasizes the need to
focus attention more clearly on the problems of women and the
interventions that might help them as a way to improve both maternal
and child health. The special problems of girls and women in the
developing world--including maternity care, abortion, and maternal
mortality and morbidity--and the ways in which these problems affect
mothers and their children, are examined. Nutritional morbidity and
infectious morbidity are described in terms of their effects on
maternal and infant health, including low birth weight. It is shown
how the cultural, social, and economic factors that affect women and
children interact with their health problems." A series of
recommendations is included.
Correspondence: B. Winikoff,
Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40744 Roberts, D.
F. Migration and genetic change. Raymond Pearl lecture
1987. Human Biology, Vol. 60, No. 4, Aug 1988. 521-39 pp. Detroit,
Michigan. In Eng.
The varying impact of different kinds of
migration on genetic change is explored using a combination of genetic
and demographic methods. Consideration is given to both long- and
short-range migration, as well as to the genetic impact on the
nonmigratory population. The examples given are
worldwide.
Correspondence: D. F. Roberts, Department of
Human Genetics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne
NE1 7RU, England. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:40745 Roy,
Raymond; Bouchard, Gerard; Declos, Manon. The first
generation of the Saguenay population: origin, kinship, and
rootedness. [La premiere generation de Saguenayens: provenance,
apparentement, enracinement.] Cahiers Quebecois de Demographie, Vol.
17, No. 1, Spring 1988. 113-34 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum.
in Eng; Spa.
The responsibility of demographic isolation for the
high incidence of genetic disorders among the population of the
Saguenay region of Quebec, Canada, is explored. The authors reject the
view that "a few family founders are the ancestors of most of the
current population....Actually, between 1838 and 1911, more than 28,000
immigrants (representing one third of the number of births) settled in
Saguenay, a major fact that has to be taken into account if one sets
out to explain the genetic structure of this population, particularly
if one considers that most of these immigrants came from the same
region and were grouped in kin-related
families."
Correspondence: R. Roy, Centre
Interuniversitaire de Recherches sur les Populations (SOREP),
Universite du Quebec, 555 Boulevard de l'Universite, Chicoutimi, Quebec
G7H 2B1, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
