54:40636 Johnson, D.
Gale. Is population growth the dominant force in
development? Cato Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1, Spring-Summer 1987.
187-93 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author presents a critique
of a study by Julian L. Simon on the relationship between population
growth and economic development.
For the study by Simon, also
published in 1987, see elsewhere in this issue.
Correspondence: D. G. Johnson, Eliakim Hastings Moore
Distinguished Professor of Economics, University of Chicago, 5801 S.
Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637. Location: Rutgers University
Library, New Brunswick, NJ.
54:40637 Mason,
Andrew. Population growth, aggregate saving, and economic
development. In: World population trends and their impact on
economic development, edited by Dominick Salvatore. 1988. 45-57 pp.
Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
The
author investigates the impact of declining population growth or
declining fertility on aggregate saving. A model is developed that
takes into account both the link between the number of children and
expenditure on childrearing and the relationship between aggregate
saving and expenditures on childrearing at the household level.
Consideration is given to both developed and developing countries. The
results suggest that "1. Reductions in childrearing, given relative
price, unambiguously increase aggregate saving (in growing economies).
2. Reductions in childbearing due to increased price have an impact on
aggregate saving that depends on the elasticity of demand for children.
[and] 3. The magnitude of the impact of any reduction in childrearing,
irrespective of its source, varies in direct proportion with the rate
of growth of aggregate income."
Correspondence: A. Mason,
East-West Population Institute, East-West Center, 1777 East-West Road,
Honolulu, HI 96848. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:40638 Simon,
Julian L. Population growth, economic growth, and foreign
aid. Cato Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1, Spring-Summer 1987. 159-86 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The relationship between population growth
and economic development is explored in the context of the work of
Peter Bauer. The author uses data for three pairs of countries--North
and South Korea, East and West Germany, and China and Taiwan--to
examine the factors associated with the speed of economic development.
He then develops arguments to suggest that the rate of population
growth does not determine the rate of economic development. Finally, he
critically examines U.S. assistance for family
planning.
Correspondence: J. L. Simon, Professor of
Business Administration, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201.
Location: Rutgers University Library, New Brunswick, NJ.
54:40639 Spahr,
Ronald W.; Deckro, Richard F. A non-linear goal
programming approach to modeling intraregional economic
development. Review of Regional Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1, Winter
1988. 10-8 pp. Clemson, South Carolina. In Eng.
"This paper
provides a one-period normative model that may be used as a guide or
benchmark by which the economic planner may develop policies and plans
for regional economic development. The model can accomodate a region
that could be as large as a small country or as small as a city,
provided sufficient relevant data are available." The authors outline
"a procedure for modeling and solving economic planning and analysis
problems with 'intergoal trade-offs' while retaining the deviational
variable as a measure of satisfaction....[They present] a generalized
regional polynomial goal programming model with some suggested
objectives and constraints [and illustrate] the approach with a
hypothetical example."
Correspondence: R. Spahr, Department
of Business Adminstration, College of Commerce and Industry, University
of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
54:40640 United
Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs (New
York, New York). Economic and social implications of
population aging. Proceedings of the International Symposium on
Population Structure and Development, Tokyo, 10-12 September 1987.
No. ST/ESA/SER.R/85, 1988. viii, 430 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
These are the proceedings of a 1986 conference on the economic and
social implications of population aging held in Tokyo, Japan. Included
are a report from the conference and its recommendations, as well as a
selection of papers presented; these are organized under the headings
of demographic background, economic and social implications, support
for the elderly, women and youth, and aging in developing
countries.
Correspondence: Department of International
Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Building, New York, NY
10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40641 van Dalen,
Hendrik P.; Ritzen, Jozef M. M. Economic growth in a world
of diverging populations. Jul 1988. 52 pp. Erasmus University:
Rotterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
The consequences of the different
rates of population growth in developed and developing countries for
capital accumulation and economic growth are analyzed using a
two-country economic growth model. "A remarkable...finding is that
under optimal policies interest rates are rarely equal across the two
countries. Another finding is that a fully interdependent world in
which both countries invest in themselves as well as abroad does not
conform to principles of optimal policy. The comparative dynamics
established for the case in which only the country with the low
population growth rate invests abroad shows that a closing of the
population growth gap by a decrease in population growth in the high
population growth country is welfare improving for both
countries."
Correspondence: Faculty of Economics, Erasmus
University, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40642 van Imhoff,
Evert; Ritzen, Jozef M. M. Optimal economic growth and
non-stationary population. Institute for Economic Research
Discussion Paper Series, No. 8701/P, Jan 1987. 32, [7], 15 pp. Erasmus
University Rotterdam, Institute for Economic Research: Rotterdam,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper analyzes optimal economic growth
when the (exogenous) rate of population growth changes. The optimal
growth path is characterized by a strikingly straightforward
generalization of the traditional steady-state Golden Rule of
Accumulation. The comparative statics results allow for a
generalization of Samuelson's...analysis of the lower-bound for the
optimal rate of population growth. It is shown that under plausible
assumptions the optimal savings rate follows an inverted U-shaped or
U-shaped pattern during periods of demographic transition, according to
whether the growth rate of births is falling or
rising."
Correspondence: Institute for Economic Research,
Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam,
Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40643
Vichnievski, Anatoly. Demographic change, economic
growth, and social welfare. [Evolution demographique, croissance
economique et bien-etre social.] European Journal of Population/Revue
Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 4, No. 1, Sep 1988. 69-94 pp.
Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"This article
studies...various aspects of the relationships between demographic
change and economic growth and also the influence of demographic
changes on the welfare of generations and of families [in the USSR].
The author [addresses]...the large positive contribution of the
demographic revolution to economic development and social welfare."
Data are from official and other published
sources.
Correspondence: A. Vichnievski, Commission of the
Academy of Sciences of the USSR for the Study of Productive Forces and
Natural Resources, Maronovski Pereoulok 26, 117049 Moscow, USSR.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40644 Blau, David
M.; Behrman, Jere R.; Wolfe, Barbara L. Schooling and
earnings distributions with endogenous labour force participation,
marital status and family size. Economica, Vol. 55, No. 219, Aug
1988. 297-316 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This paper investigates
the impact of various schooling investment strategies on family and per
capita earnings within a framework that integrates effects on earnings,
family size, marital status and labour force participation." Data are
from a 1977-1978 survey of urban Nicaraguan women aged
15-45.
Correspondence: D. M. Blau, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
54:40645 Chanana, H.
B.; Talwar, P. P. Implication of demographic goals in 2000
AD for aging population in India. Health and Population:
Perspectives and Issues, Vol. 9, No. 2, Apr-Jun 1986. 67-79 pp. New
Delhi, India. In Eng. with sum. in Hin.
"An attempt has been made
in this paper to determine the magnitude of the problem of aging in
India and its socio-economic and health implications. The magnitude of
the aged population has been obtained from the set of Expert Committee
Population Projections where it has been assumed that the demographic
goals in the National Health Policy are achieved. The number of aged
people who will require employment or other economic support...because
of acute or chronic illnesses has been estimated. The number of old
people physically handicapped has also been
given."
Correspondence: H. B. Chanana, Department of
Statistics and Demography, National Institute of Health and Family
Welfare, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110 067, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40646 Daniel,
Clive. The economic and social performance of small
nations. In: World population trends and their impact on economic
development, edited by Dominick Salvatore. 1988. 199-210 pp. Greenwood
Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
The economic
and social development performance of 75 developing countries with
populations under 20 million is analyzed using data from published U.N.
sources. The results support the argument that countries pursuing
export-oriented policies are the most likely to achieve high rates of
growth.
Correspondence: C. Daniel, Department of Economics,
Fordham University, Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40647 Demeny,
Paul. The economic rationale of family planning
programs. Technology in Society, Vol. 9, No. 3-4, 1987. 439-61 pp.
Elmsford, New York. In Eng.
"This paper discusses the main
rationale for government interest in the provision of contraceptive
technology through voluntary family planning programs in less developed
countries: that of enhancing economic development. The discussion is
organized under headings that identify two distinct if interrelated
functions governments aim to perform in this domain: that of promoter
of economic growth and that of provider of human welfare. The first
function rests on macro-economic arguments that suggest that slowing
aggregate rates of demographic expansion will accelerate economic
growth. The second function invokes benefits captured directly by the
persons and their families who use the services offered by family
planning programs. A concluding section comments on the possible need
for government to set the stage for success in performing these
functions by acting as an engineer of social
change."
Correspondence: P. Demeny, Population Council, One
Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40648 Domenach,
Herve; Picouet, Michel. The dynamics of population and
migration in Guyana. [Dynamique de la population et migration en
Guyane.] La Nature et l'Homme, 1988. 48 pp. Centre Orstom de Cayenne:
Cayenne, French Guyana. In Fre.
Two studies on the demography of
French Guyana are presented. The first concerns the demographic
transition and migration, and considers the contrast between the
region's potential to absorb a larger population and its actual
capacity which is insufficient for its current population due to
underdevelopment. The second presents a review of sources of data on
Haitian immigration to French Guyana.
Correspondence:
Centre Orstom de Cayenne, B.P. 165 97323 Cayenne Cedex, French Guyana.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40649 Farooq,
Ghazi M.; Pernia, Ernesto M. Need for and approaches to
integrated population, human resource and development planning.
Population Bulletin of the United Nations, No. 23-24, 1987. 11-20 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"The authors discuss the nature of an
integrated approach to the treatment of population variables in the
socio-economic planning exercises of developing countries and describe
the obstacles that must be overcome in order to achieve meaningful
integration. The nature of the system linking demographic and
socio-economic processes is described, and a distinction is made
between the roles of population-influencing and population-responsive
policies. The types of studies needed to provide an effective
analytical framework for integrated population and development planning
are set forth and discussed....A classification scheme is proposed
which would divide countries into broad categories according to their
major characteristics and problems, and a scheme for providing each
type of country with technical assistance in population and development
planning is proposed."
Correspondence: G. M. Farooq,
International Labour Organisation, 4 Route des Morillons, CH-1211
Geneva 22, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:40650 Flegg, A.
T. The demographic effects of income redistribution and
accelerated economic growth revisited. Oxford Bulletin of
Economics and Statistics, Vol. 50, No. 2, May 1988. 183-201 pp. Oxford,
England. In Eng.
This is a critique of a recent article by C. R.
Winegarden concerning the relationship between the redistribution of
income and changes in fertility in developing countries. A reply by
Winegarden is included (pp. 195-201).
For the article by Winegarden,
published in 1984, see 51:10678.
Correspondence: A. T.
Flegg, Bristol Polytechnic, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16
1QY, England. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
54:40651 Horlacher,
David E.; Mackellar, F. Landis. Population growth versus
economic growth (?). In: World population trends and their impact
on economic development, edited by Dominick Salvatore. 1988. 25-44 pp.
Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
The
authors assert that population growth has both beneficial and adverse
effects on the process of socioeconomic development and that there is
uncertainty concerning its net impact on development. The emphasis of
the chapter is on a review of the available evidence. "The first
section assesses the results of international cross-sectional analyses
of the aggregate relationship between the growth of per capita income
and population growth. The second section is devoted to an examination
of the effects of population growth on living standards, operating
through changes in rates of capital formation, natural resource
development, economies of scale, and technical advancement. Finally,
findings on the implications of population growth for nutrition and the
agricultural resource base will be considered." The primary focus is
on developing countries.
Correspondence: D. E. Horlacher,
Population and Development Section, United Nations Population Division,
220 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:40652 Lobdell,
Richard A. Economic structure and demographic performance
in Jamaica, 1891-1935. ISBN 0-8240-1365-4. LC 87-8345. 1987. xii,
259 pp. Garland Publishing: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
The author examines the relationship between socioeconomic
structure and demographic trends in the administrative parishes of
Jamaica during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A
causal model of the demographic consequences of the socioeconomic
structure is presented, and the demographic impact of different types
of economic activity is assessed. Multiple regression analysis is then
used to examine these relationships.
Location: Population
Council, New York, NY.
54:40653 Ohlin,
Goran P. Determinants and consequences of population
theories. In: World population trends and their impact on economic
development, edited by Dominick Salvatore. 1988. 13-23 pp. Greenwood
Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
"In this
chapter I shall first discuss the lack of a compelling conception of
the relationship between population growth and other aspects of
economic and social change in the context of developing countries....I
shall then make some very simple observations about the hazards and
advantages of defining this subject in terms of the two separate
questions of the determinants of population trends and the consequences
of such trends. Finally, I shall make a few comments on the underlying
influences behind population thought."
Correspondence: G.
P. Ohlin, University of Uppsala, Department of Economics, 751 20
Uppsala, Sweden. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40654 Reddy, P.
H. Population front of India's economic development.
Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 23, No. 35, Aug 27, 1988. 1,809-12
pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
The relationship between economic and
population growth in India since independence is examined. The author
argues that the failure of the national economy rather than population
growth was the main reason for the government's inability to double per
capita income between 1950 and 1978. The author also examines why the
birth rate has not declined though the reported percentage of people
protected by effective family planning methods has increased. The
reasons identified include overreporting of family planning acceptors,
changes in the age distribution, improvement in women's health and
fecundity, and a decline in breast-feeding.
Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
54:40655 Salvatore,
Dominick. Internal migration, urbanization, and economic
development. [Migrazioni interne, urbanizzazione e sviluppo
economico.] Rassegna Economica, Vol. 51, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1987. 973-98
pp. Naples, Italy. In Ita.
Problems posed by rapid population
growth in developing countries are examined, with emphasis on
consequent rural-urban migration and the growth of unemployment in
cities. The author describes models that have been developed by W. A.
Lewis, M. P. Todaro, J. R. Harris, and others. He concludes by
discussing policy options available to deal with the resulting problems
of unemployment.
Correspondence: D. Salvatore, Fordham
University, Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
54:40656 Salvatore,
Dominick. World population trends and their impact on
economic development. Contributions in Economic and Economic
History, No. 82, ISBN 0-313-25765-5. LC 87-32266. 1988. xii, 238 pp.
Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
This is a collection of papers by different authors on various
aspects of the relationship between population growth and socioeconomic
development in developing countries. It is the product of a session
held at the 1987 Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association.
The 14 papers are divided into three main sections following a general
introduction. The first four papers are concerned with general aspects
of the relationship. The next five consider the role of migration in
the process. A final section includes four papers on technical change,
the status of women, the situation in small countries, and
international responsibilities.
Selected items will be cited in this
or subsequent issues of Population Index.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40657 Shah,
Sukhdev. Nepal's economic development: problems and
prospects. Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 9, Sep 1988. 945-57 pp.
Berkeley, California. In Eng.
"The purpose of this paper is to
examine the probable causes of Nepal's low economic growth rate [during
the period 1965-1985] and to evaluate the country's economic prospects
for the rest of this century. The conclusion is that the government's
goal of raising the living standard to the average Asian standard by
the year 2000 will be difficult to achieve without a marked improvement
in efficiency in the use of resources." Data are from official and
other published sources.
Correspondence: S. Shah,
International Monetary Fund, 700 19th Street NW, Washington, D.C.
20431. Location: Princeton University Library (SPIA).
54:40658 Simmons,
Ozzie G. Perspectives on development and population growth
in the third world. ISBN 0-306-42941-1. LC 88-19866. 1988. xv, 277
pp. Plenum Press: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
"This
book offers a selective consideration of some of the models that have
been dominant in the literature on development and on population
growth. It constitutes an attempt to assess past and current thinking
in both the development and the population field in the interest of
identifying the tasks for both theory and research to enlarge the
current knowledge base relating to the determinants and consequences of
population growth in the Third World." Chapters are included on
perspectives on development, issues of equity-oriented development,
links between development perspectives and population growth, and a
selective overview of population and development. In addition, the
author presents "analyses of a series of key development sectors that
affect and are affected by population change. The sectors investigated
are natural resources; health, nutrition, and food; the status and
employment of women; and education."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:40659 Srinivasan,
K.; Kulkarni, Sumati; Parasuraman, S. Impact of population
on selected social and economic sectors. Economic and Political
Weekly, Vol. 23, No. 37-38, Sep 10 and 17, 1988. 1,913-7; 1,965-75 pp.
Bombay, India. In Eng.
"This paper attempts to study the social and
economic implications of alternative trends in population growth in
India up to the year 2021 from a macro-economic-demographic point of
view. The paper is published in two parts. The first part...presents
the methodology of the study and carries out population projections
under three alternative assumptions about trends in fertility. The
second part...estimates the future requirements of food, clothing,
housing, health, education and manpower in the health and education
sectors from 1986 to 2021 at five-yearly intervals under each of the
three population scenarios and assesses the extent of additional
economic burden cast on society to achieve the minimum or desired norms
in each of the above sectors."
Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
54:40660 Blanchet,
Didier. Are the retired threatened by the decline in
fertility? [Les retraites menacees par la denatalite?] Projet, No.
192, Mar-Apr 1985. 49-60 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The
implications of current fertility trends in France for the funding of
retirement costs are reviewed. Consideration is given to changes in
the capital aspects of the current system, changes in the retirement
age, and more efficient use of the existing labor
force.
Correspondence: D. Blanchet, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 Rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
54:40661 Jones,
Randall S. The economic implications of Japan's aging
population. Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 9, Sep 1988. 958-69 pp.
Berkeley, California. In Eng.
The impact of demographic aging in
Japan on its economy is analyzed using data from official sources.
Consideration is given to the effects of increased life expectancy and
of the decline in the birth rate on the population's age structure.
Japan's economic situation is discussed, with a focus on both
government expenditures on public pension programs and labor and
economic policies. The author concludes that "according to the
[International Monetary Fund], government pension and medical care
spending will jump from 9% of gross domestic product to 21.5% in the
year 2025."
Correspondence: R. S. Jones, Planning and
Economic Analysis Staff, Department of State, 2201 C Street NW,
Washington, D.C. 20520. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPIA).
54:40662 Maxwell,
Philip; Peter, Matthew. Income inequality in small
regions: a study of Australian statistical divisions. Review of
Regional Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1, Winter 1988. 19-27 pp. Clemson, South
Carolina. In Eng.
This paper provides "empirical analysis of the
nature of the relationship between economic development of regions and
income inequality in Australian sub-state regions. It does so in the
context of considering the validity of the 'augmented inverted U'
hypothesis and the influence of factors such as the business cycle,
political issues, and demographic trends, which are likely to cause
income inequality to change over time." Data are from the Australian
censuses for the years 1976 and 1981.
Correspondence: P.
Maxwell, School of Management, Deakin University, Victoria 3217,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
54:40663 Morrison,
Peter A. Demographic factors shaping the U.S. market for
new housing. Rand Paper, No. P-7467, Jul 1988. 15 pp. Rand
Corporation: Santa Monica, California. In Eng.
The author examines
the impact of demographic forces on the market for new housing during
the remainder of this century in the United States. The focus is on
"(1) the growing number of middle-age households, (2) their forthcoming
prosperity, (3) the falling rate of homeownership under age 45, (4) the
changing composition of households, and (5) regional population
shifts." The impact of the maturing baby boom generation on the new
housing market is specifically addressed.
Correspondence:
Rand Corporation, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90406-2138.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40664 Smeeding,
Timothy M.; Torrey, Barbara B. Poor children in rich
countries. Science, Vol. 242, No. 4880, Nov 11, 1988. 873-7 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Poverty rates among families with children
in six industrialized countries are examined, and the effectiveness of
government programs in relieving poverty is assessed using data from
the Luxembourg Income Survey for Australia, Canada, Sweden, the United
States, the United Kingdom, and West Germany. The authors find that
"the United States, the wealthiest country of six studied, has a higher
poverty rate among children than the other five countries. Each
country reduces the poverty of its children with government programs,
but substantial differences in the effectiveness of these programs
exist among countries. Understanding such differences may be useful in
considering how to reduce poverty among children in the United
States."
Correspondence: T. M. Smeeding, Vanderbilt
Institute for Public Policy Studies, Nashville, TN 37212.
Location: Princeton University Library (SQ).
54:40665 van Imhoff,
Evert. Optimal economic growth and investment in education
under conditions of non-stable population. Institute for Economic
Research Discussion Paper Series, No. 8804/P, Jan 1988. 40, 16 pp.
Erasmus University Rotterdam, Institute for Economic Research:
Rotterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The paper analyzes optimal
investment in physical and human capital when the (exogenous) rate of
population growth changes. The one-sector growth model describes a
closed economy with overlapping generations and homogeneous human
capital. The educational production function has the individual's
stock of human capital and the fraction of time spent training as
arguments....The model is illustrated with a case study. The policy
consequences of the present fertility decline are analyzed for the
Netherlands, in order to get some insight into the order of magnitude
of the policy adjustments involved."
Correspondence:
Institute of Economic Research, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box
1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:40666 van Imhoff,
Evert. Optimal economic growth and non-stable
population. 1988. vii, 241 pp. Krips Repro: Meppel, Netherlands.
In Eng. with sum. in Dut.
"This thesis studies optimal economic
growth in a closed economy which experiences non-stable population
growth. The economy is described by means of a neoclassical growth
model which distinguishes overlapping generations within the
population. The basic neoclassical growth model is extended to include
various types of technical change, as well as investment in human
capital or education." The focus of the study is to connect the
analytical tools of traditional growth theory with the actual
demographic experience of most industrialized countries. "The
discussion will show that growth theory needs to extend its scope
through the construction of growth models which explicitly recognize
demographic forces as a potential source of
non-stationarities."
Correspondence: E. van Imhoff, Erasmus
Universiteit Rotterdam, Postbus 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40667 Wolff,
Nancy. Income redistribution and the Social Security
program. Research in Business Economics and Public Policy, No. 12,
ISBN 0-8357-1807-7. LC 87-10791. 1987. vii, 181 pp. UMI Research Press:
Ann Arbor, Michigan/London, England. In Eng.
This study is
concerned with the income redistribution effects of the Social Security
program in the United States. The author uses actuarial formulae to
relate the amount of individuals' old age benefits to their paid Social
Security taxes. The book's primary focus is on the program's
effectiveness in redistributing income within and among retirement
cohorts. It concludes with recommendations designed to address the
inequities in the present system.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:40668 Hrabovszky,
Janos P.; Miyan, K. Population growth and land use in
Nepal: "the great turnabout" Mountain Research and Development,
Vol. 7, No. 3, Aug 1987. 264-70 pp. Boulder, Colorado. In Eng. with
sum. in Fre; Ger.
"This paper reports on recent changes and future
potential developments in land use in Nepal. It discusses differential
population growth rates and land potentiality; it describes the rising
pressure on land and how the people are adjusting by changes in land
use, or migration, or both. The results of three studies, on potential
land-use development, agricultural production, and food availability by
AD 2005, are reported." The authors emphasize the need for the
intensification of land use, the importance of irrigation, and the need
for the integration of land-use types.
Correspondence: J.
P. Hrabovszky, 164 Oberdorf, Varna 39040, Italy. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
54:40669 Mahar,
Dennis J. Population growth and human carrying capacity in
sub-Saharan Africa. In: World population trends and their impact
on economic development, edited by Dominick Salvatore. 1988. 59-76 pp.
Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
The
author examines the extent to which Malthusian predictions concerning
the relationship between population growth and food supply are relevant
to the current situation in sub-Saharan Africa. The emphasis is on the
concept of carrying capacity and its usefulness in analyses of this
kind. Case studies concerning the Sahelian and Sudanian zones and
southern Kenya are included. The author concludes that major
improvements in agriculture are possible but remain to be implemented
and that rates of population growth need to be
reduced.
Correspondence: D. J. Mahar, World Bank, Economic
Advisory Staff, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40670 Milimo,
Mabel C. Women, population and food in Africa: the
Zambian case. Afrique et Developpement/Africa Development, Vol.
11, No. 4, 1986. 95-132 pp. Dakar, Senegal. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
The role of women in resolving Africa's problems concerning the
achievement of a balance between food supply and population is
considered. The paper is in two parts. "The first is a brief analysis
of the food and population problem in Africa. It tries to trace the
root causes of the problem, both historical and in their present form.
Emphasis is placed on the current involvement of women in food
production in patriarchal structures and the resultant impact on
fertility and food self-sufficiency. The second and final section
discusses strategies to solve the food and population problem." The
data concern some 400 women engaged in peasant farming in rural
Zambia.
Correspondence: M. C. Milimo, Department of African
Development Studies, School of Humanities and Social Sciences,
University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
54:40671 Mulder,
Monique B. Resources and reproductive success in women
with an example from the Kipsigis of Kenya. Journal of Zoology,
Vol. 213, No. 3, 1987. 489-505 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This
paper proposes that variability in the relationship between resources
and reproductive success arises from an inadequate specification of the
nature and availability of resources critical to reproduction and a
failure to understand the mechanisms whereby resources confer
reproductive differentials in different environments. Data are
presented from the Kipsigis of Kenya showing how land ownership affects
female reproductive success; reasons why the effects of landholding are
changing over time are examined."
Correspondence: M. B.
Mulder, Evolution and Human Behavior Program, Rackham Building,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
54:40672 Pingali,
Prabhu L.; Binswanger, Hans P. Population density and
farming systems: the changing locus of innovations and technical
change. In: World population trends and their impact on economic
development, edited by Dominick Salvatore. 1988. 165-86 pp. Greenwood
Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
"This chapter
highlights the farmer-based and modern technological options available
to societies for achieving growth in agricultural output through
increases in land and labor productivity." Such agricultural growth is
needed to feed growing populations in the context of the absence of
frontier lands for cultivation in most
countries.
Correspondence: P. L. Pingali, International
Rice Research Institute, POB 933, Manila, Philippines.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40673 Pool,
Ian. Population, nutrition, and labor force.
[Population, alimentation et main-d'oeuvre.] In: Population et societes
en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. 1988. 479-96
pp. Editions l'Harmattan: Paris, France. In Fre.
The relationships
among population growth, food supply, and employment and the labor
force in Africa South of the Sahara are explored using published data
for U.N. and F.A.O. sources. The author asserts that demographic
pressures will strain available food supplies and lead to higher levels
of unemployment. It is recommended that solutions be sought in local or
community-level projects rather than in centrally-planned
initiatives.
Correspondence: I. Pool, Population Studies
Center, Department of Sociology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New
Zealand. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40674 Audace,
Nsabimana. Population growth and labour supply in an
agrarian economy: the case of Burundi, 1950-1980. In: Studies in
African and Asian Demography: CDC Annual Seminar, 1987. CDC Research
Monograph Series, No. 17, 1988. 513-41 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre:
Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
"The primary objective of this paper is to
identify the components of the growth of the labour force in Burundi,
over the period 1950-1980, and to estimate their respective impacts on
the size of the labour force." The data used are estimates of the
labor force produced by the International Labour Office and 1979 census
statistics. Economic consequences of the labor supply growth,
particularly the subsistence agricultural sector, are
discussed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40675 Beaie,
Sonkarley-Teahtune. The structure and dynamics of labour
force in Montserrado County--Liberia (1962-1974). In: Studies in
African and Asian Demography: CDC Annual Seminar, 1987. CDC Research
Monograph Series, No. 17, 1988. 563-91 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre:
Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
The author examines labor force changes in
Montserrado County, Liberia, the area surrounding the capital city,
between 1962 and 1974. Census data are used to study the sex
distribution of the labor force, determinants of change in labor force
size and crude activity rate, the industrial and occupational structure
of employment, and the extent of labor force replacement as a result of
deaths and retirements. Among the conclusions, the author notes that
"the population component acted as the main agent for the changes in
the size of the labour force for both sexes because of the rapid
increase in the population over the period."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40676 Bloom,
David E.; Freeman, Richard B.; Korenman, Sanders D. The
labour-market consequences of generational crowding. European
Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 3, No. 2,
May 1988. 131-76 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This paper attempts to distinguish between two alternative views
of the labour-market problems faced by young workers in a number of
industrialized countries in the 1970s and early 1980s. The first view
is that the low relative earnings and high unemployment rates
experienced by these cohorts were largely age-related; the second is
that they are a consequence of large cohort size. A multi-country
empirical analysis indicates that large cohort size tends to have a
negative effect on the expected earnings...of a cohort....More detailed
data for the U.S.A. show that the relatively low wages and high
unemployment of the 'unlucky' cohorts have tended to converge to the
patterns that would have resulted had the cohorts been more 'normal' in
size, but that their lifetime income has been permanently
reduced."
Correspondence: D. E. Bloom, Department of
Economics, Columbia University, Morningside Heights, New York, NY
10027. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40677 Brinkmann,
Christian. Demographic aspects of the labour force and
employment. Council of Europe Population Studies, No. 19, ISBN
92-871-1028-X. 1987. 147 pp. Council of Europe: Strasbourg, France. In
Eng.
This report is the result of three meetings held in 1985 and
1986 of a committee organized by the Council of Europe to examine
demographic aspects of the labor force and employment in Europe.
Separate consideration is given to overall trends, the entry of young
people into the labor force, early retirement, women in the labor force
aged 25 to 54, and foreign nationals. A selection of country reports
from Austria, Denmark, Luxembourg, France, Turkey, Italy, and the
United Kingdom are also included.
Location: Population
Council Library, New York, NY.
54:40678 Choucri,
Nazli. Migration in the Middle East: old economics or new
politics? Journal of Arab Affairs, Vol. 7, No. 1, Spring 1988.
1-18 pp. Fresno, California. In Eng.
This article discusses the
increasing mobility and internationalization of labor in the Middle
East. Using examples from a number of countries, the author pays
particular attention to the resultant political and economic
complexities of governing such a fluid population. Consideration is
given to remittances from employment abroad and how these funds support
a significant transnational economy as well as promote inflation in the
labor-exporting countries. The article also considers the impact of
non-Arab labor migration, particularly the influx of Asian
workers.
Correspondence: N. Choucri, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. Location:
Princeton University Library (SY).
54:40679 El Yazidi,
El Hassan. Components of change in the Moroccan labour
force between 1960-1971. In: Studies in African and Asian
Demography: CDC Annual Seminar, 1987. CDC Research Monograph Series,
No. 17, 1988. 421-47 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In
Eng.
Changes in the labor force in Morocco between 1960 and 1971
are analyzed, with attention to levels and patterns of labor force
participation as well as to factors affecting the size of the labor
force. Census data and a factorial analysis model are used. Evidence
is found of an increase in the size of the labor force in conjunction
with an increase in population size, reductions in age-specifie
activity rates among males and increases among females, a decline in
crude activity rates due to an increase in the proportion of the
population under age 15, and a slight shift of workers from
agricultural to industrial occupations.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:40680 Euzeby,
Alain. Social security and part-time employment.
International Labour Review, Vol. 127, No. 5, 1988. 545-57 pp. Geneva,
Switzerland. In Eng.
"The author examines social security
provisions that constitute obstacles to part-time employment before
considering a number of measures that could be taken to make the
schemes more flexible and hence promote part-time employment both as a
means of meeting the needs of many workers and as a form of work
sharing that can help to combat unemployment." The geographical focus
is on developed countries, with an emphasis on
Europe.
Correspondence: A. Euzeby, Department of Economics,
Universite des Sciences Sociales, B.P. 47X, 38040 Grenoble Cedex,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (UN).
54:40681 Ferenc,
Munkacsy. Population and employment. [Nepesedes es
foglalkoztatas.] Nepessegtudomanyi Kutato Intezetenek Kutatasi
Jelentesei, No. 30, LC 88-401192. 1986. 133 pp. Kozponti Statisztikai
Hivatal: Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
This
study is concerned with the relationship between population and
employment in Hungary. The emphasis is on the impact that the
projected decrease in the size of the labor force will have on the
country's plans for economic and social development. The author
concludes that current demographic trends are likely to lead to more
serious economic problems in the future.
Location: U.S.
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
54:40682 Fullerton,
Howard N. An evaluation of labor force projections to
1985. Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 111, No. 11, Nov 1988. 7-17 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Errors in the projections of the U.S.
labor force prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics are identified
and their consequences assessed. The author concludes that "among the
five rounds of projections of the 1985 labor force conducted between
1970 and 1980, those produced in 1978 yielded results closest to actual
1985 values."
Correspondence: H. N. Fullerton, Office of
Economic Growth and Employment Projections, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Washington, D.C. 20212. Location: Princeton University
Library (Docs).
54:40683 Glass,
Jennifer; Tienda, Marta; Smith, Shelley A. The impact of
changing employment opportunity on gender and ethnic earnings
inequality. Social Science Research, Vol. 17, No. 3, Sep 1988.
252-76 pp. Duluth, Minnesota. In Eng.
"This paper investigates how
the expansion and transformation of employment opportunities [in the
United States] affected the structured wage inequality between men and
women of differing racial and ethnic origins. Our analyses identify in
the matrix of occupations and industries where men's and women's
employment has increased most rapidly between 1970 and 1980 and define
the characteristics of jobs in those growth sectors in terms of current
earnings by sex. Further, we identify which employment
shifts--occupational recomposition within industries or industry growth
and decline--are most strongly related to current wages, and how the
earnings impacts differ between men and women of differing racial and
ethnic origins. Finally, we address potential consequences of economic
transformation for long-term equity in wage determination."
An
earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1986 Annual Meeting
of the Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol.
52, No. 3, Fall 1986, p. 396).
Correspondence: J. Glass,
Department of Sociology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
46556. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
54:40684 Gower,
David. Labour force trends: Canada and the United
States. Canadian Social Trends, No. 10, Autumn 1988. 14-9 pp.
Ottawa, Canada. In Eng.
Trends in labor force participation in
Canada and the United States are analyzed and compared using data from
official sources for the period 1981-1987. Consideration is given to
annual percentage change in employment, sex and age distributions,
percentage employed in service and production sectors, and
unemployment.
Correspondence: D. Gower, Labour and
Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
54:40685
Grossbard-Shechtman, Shoshana A.; Neuman, Shoshana.
Women's labor supply and marital choice. Journal of Political
Economy, Vol. 96, No. 6, Dec 1988. 1,294-302 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In
Eng.
"This paper hypothesizes that value of time, and consequently
labor force participation, can vary with circumstances specific to a
marriage or a marriage market. Wives' traits valued in the marriage
market are expected to be associated with lower labor force
participation, whereas husbands' traits valued in the marriage market
are expected to be associated with lower participation rates on the
part of wives. Evidence for these hypotheses is found on the basis of
regressions of labor force participation for a sample of Israeli
married women. Inclusion of traits valued in the marriage market and
marital sorting patterns increases the explanatory power of the
regressions."
Correspondence: S. A. Grossbard-Shechtman,
San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
54:40686 Guhl, Nora
L. The rise in children's labour force participation in
metropolitan Egypt, 1960-1976. In: Studies in African and Asian
Demography: CDC Annual Seminar, 1987. CDC Research Monograph Series,
No. 17, 1988. 249-67 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In
Eng.
"The purpose of this paper is to document how children's
labour force participation has changed in Cairo and Alexandria [Egypt]
from 1960 to 1976. Evidence on the levels of children's labour force
participation during this period, the variation in these levels between
the districts of Greater Cairo...and Alexandria, and the nature of
children's economic activity in these two cities [are] presented. Two
sources of data are used: Egyptian census data and anthropological
data from interviews of twenty youths working in Greater Cairo."
Factors affecting these trends, such as wages, employment
opportunities, microeconomic factors, and school experiences, are
studied. "The evidence from the small sample suggests that some urban
youths may be supplying as much as one third of the family's annual
income."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40687 Lebon,
Andre. Foreign manpower at the end of 1985. [L'emploi
etranger a la fin de 1985.] Revue Europeenne des Migrations
Internationales, Vol. 4, No. 1-2, 1988. 85-105 pp. Poitiers, France. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
The size of the foreign population in
the French labor force at the end of 1985 is investigated using data
from official sources, including both the census and special surveys.
Using data taken primarily from the Enquete ACEMO concerning manpower
activity and employment conditions, the author estimates the 1985
foreign labor force to be between 1.5 and 1.6 million, a decrease of
approximately 225,000 since 1973. The data are examined by
professional status and by industry.
Correspondence: A.
Lebon, Direction de la Population et des Migrations, Ministere des
Affaires Sociales et de l'Emploi, 1 Place Fontenoy, 75005 Paris,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40688 Legare,
Jacques; Desjardins, Bertrand. Concerning a
reconsideration of the universality of the normal retirement age.
[Pour une remise en question de l'universalite de l'age normal de la
retraite.] European Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne de
Demographie, Vol. 3, No. 2, May 1988. 123-9 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands.
In Fre.
The calculation of retirement age in industrialized
countries is critically examined. The arbitrary selection of age 65 is
first discussed, and a new method for determining retirement age is
then proposed, based on qualitative measures such as life expectancy
and quality of life after age 65. The authors suggest a retirement age
of 62 for men and 65 for women, noting that while their method arrives
at approximately the same age as the traditional quantitative approach,
the qualitative method can be adapted to account for changing
conditions.
Correspondence: J. Legare, Universite de
Montreal, CP 6128, Succursale A, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40689 Lichter,
Daniel T.; Costanzo, Janice A. How do demographic changes
affect labor force participation of women? Monthly Labor Review,
Vol. 110, No. 11, Nov 1987. 23-5 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The
authors examine the question, "to what extent have changes in fertility
rates, marital status, educational levels, and age structure accounted
for growth in [U.S.] labor force participation rates of women since
1970?" They conclude that almost half of the increase "has roots in
ongoing patterns of demographic change, especially recent fertility
declines, shifts in patterns of marriage and divorce, and educational
upgrading." Data are from official sources and concern the period
1970-1985.
Correspondence: D. T. Lichter, Population Issues
Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
16802. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
54:40690 Lindley,
Robert M. Prospects for European labour demand.
European Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 3,
No. 3-4, Jul 1988. 383-410 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng. with
sum. in Fre.
"This paper examines the impact of economic and
technological trends upon the level and structure of labour demand. It
explores briefly the methods used to model the labour market with
special reference to demography and technology and reviews the evidence
on recent and prospective changes in labour demand for five countries:
France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. A
distinction is made between the different forms in which job
opportunities arise and the different areas of economic activity in
which they appear....The focus is on medium-term changes. The findings
nonetheless indicate the underlying trends that are likely to continue
over the next decade or so."
Correspondence: R. M. Lindley,
Institute for Employment Research, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4
7AL, England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40691 Miller,
James P.; Bluestone, Herman. Prospects for service sector
employment growth in non-metropolitan America. Review of Regional
Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1, Winter 1988. 28-41 pp. Clemson, South
Carolina. In Eng.
"This paper focuses on how successfully
non-metropolitan areas [in the United States] can compete for
service-producing industry. Data on wage and salary employment for the
1969-84 period are used to assess how well non-metropolitan areas have
been keeping up with metropolitan areas in expanding service jobs.
Changes in patterns of employment growth in non-metropolitan and
metropolitan service industries between 1969-76 and 1976-84 are
described and these changes related to the growth pattern in
goods-producing industries. In addition, data are used to identify the
types of service activities that have concentrated in non-metropolitan
areas."
Correspondence: J. P. Miller, Agriculture and Rural
Economy Division, ERS, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 14 and
Independence Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20250. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
54:40692 Moen, Jon
R. From gainful employment to labor force: definitions
and a new estimate of work rates of American males, 1860 to 1980.
Historical Methods, Vol. 21, No. 4, Fall 1988. 149-59 pp. Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
The author creates an alternative concept of the labor
force that would allow the production of estimates that are consistent
over time. "The concept of the labor force that is emphasized and
developed in this paper is based on the principle of gainful employment
that was used by the United States census from 1850 through 1930.
Under gainful employment, a person's occupation was the pursuit that he
usually followed as a means to support himself." The measure is
applied to labor force participation rates of males aged 65 and over
during the period 1860-1980.
Correspondence: J. R. Moen,
Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 104 NW Marietta
Street, Atlanta, GA 30303. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:40693 Morrison,
Philip S. Access, employment structures and local labour
markets. New Zealand Population Review, Vol. 14, No. 1, May 1988.
35-50 pp. Wellington, New Zealand. In Eng.
"This paper
constructs...a picture of a regional employment structure [in New
Zealand] which focuses explicitly on the link between a region's
industries and the kinds of tasks performed by labour they employ. The
account, based on the experience of the Wellington Region, shows both
the comparative features of employment in the region and the particular
changes which have occurred in the employment structure over the last
decade."
Correspondence: P. S. Morrison, Department of
Geography, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40694 Nagi,
Abdel-Sattar M. The impact of industrialization and
educational development on the labour force participation in Egypt,
1968-82. In: Studies in African and Asian Demography: CDC Annual
Seminar, 1987. CDC Research Monograph Series, No. 17, 1988. 269-92 pp.
Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
"This study
attempts to assess the trends in the labour force structure in Egypt
during the period 1968-82 by investigating the relationships among
industrialization, school enrolment, and the labour force participation
rates in this period. These relationships will be analyzed using
ordinary least squares estimation....The main source of the data used
in the present study is the annual labour force survey...undertaken
during the period from 1968 to 1982." The size, sex composition, and
occupational structure of the labor force during the period is
described.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40695 Odland,
John. Migration and occupational choice among young labor
force entrants: a human capital model. Geographical Analysis,
Vol. 20, No. 4, Oct 1988. 281-96 pp. Columbus, Ohio. In Eng.
"Interregional variations in the conditions for entering the labor
force are investigated by analyzing interdependencies between migration
behavior and occupational choice for young labor force
entrants....Occupational choice and migration behavior will be
interdependent if the costs and returns for particular occupations vary
over local labor markets, relative to other occupations, and patterns
of interdependence between the two decisions are analyzed, using a
model of the joint choice of occupation and location. An empirical
analysis of occupational choices and migration behavior for young
people who entered the U.S. labor force in the 1975-80 period indicates
that the odds for entering professional or managerial occupations
varied with origin and migration behavior in systematic
ways."
Correspondence: J. Odland, Department of Geography,
Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405. Location:
Princeton University Library (UES).
54:40696 Paiva,
Paulo de T. A. Fifty years of population growth and the
absorption of the force in Brazil: from 1950 to 2000. [Cinquenta
anos de crescimento populacional e absorcao de mao-de-obra no Brasil:
de 1950 a 2000.] Revista Brasileira de Estudos de Populacao, Vol. 3,
No. 1, Jan-Jun 1986. 63-86 pp. Sao Paulo, Brazil. In Por. with sum. in
Eng.
"The economically active population (EAP) grows rapidly in
Brazil, resulting either from growth of population or increased
[female] participation in labor. This rhythm of growth will continue,
at least until the end of this century. The impact caused by the
recent decline in [fertility] will be moderate and will only affect the
younger age group. Despite the rapid growth of employment in the
processing industry, the relative size of the so-called informal sector
has remained stable since 1950. With the EAP rate of growth and the
decrease in employment in agriculture, there will be a great demand for
urban employment in the next 20 years."
Correspondence: P.
de T. A. Paiva, Departamento de Ciencias Economicas, Universidade
Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 1621, 1622, 30000 Belo Horizonte,
MG, Brazil. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40697
Perevedentsev, Viktor I. Changes in the structure
of employment and entry into the work force. Problems of
Economics, Vol. 31, No. 6, Oct 1988. 6-28 pp. Armonk, New York. In Eng.
Trends in employment structure and labor force participation from
1970 to the present in the USSR are examined. Separate consideration
is given to annual average number of workers by occupation, percent
distribution of workers among occupations, regional differences,
education, socioeconomic factors, and the effects of scientific and
technological advances on occupations and the labor force. Data are
from official and other published sources.
This is a translation of
the Russian article in Rabochii Klass i Sovremennyi Mir (Moscow, USSR),
No. 6, 1987, pp. 54-65.
Correspondence: V. I.
Perevedentsev, Institute of the International Labor Movement, USSR
Academy of Sciences, Kolpachny per. 9a, Moscow, USSR.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
54:40698 Prabhakara,
N. R.; Usha, M. N. Population growth and unemployment in
India. ISBN 81-7024-041-7. 1986. ix, 102 pp. Ashish Publishing
House: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The authors analyze the
relationship between unemployment and poverty in Karnataka, India.
Recent trends in economic growth and social problems are examined with
respect to unemployment and underemployment levels. Other topics
considered include changes in the labor force and trends in rural
unemployment. Data are from national sample surveys conducted in
1972-1973 and 1977.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:40699
Raishad. Labour force projections for Pakistan and
provinces: 1986-2001. In: Studies in African and Asian
Demography: CDC Annual Seminar, 1987. CDC Research Monograph Series,
No. 17, 1988. 671-707 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In
Eng.
Regional labor projections for Pakistan are produced based on
data from the 1961 and 1981 censuses, and the 1973 Housing Economic
Demographic Survey, and the 1984-1985 Labour Force Survey.
Developments in Pakistan's population and labor force since 1961 are
studied, and regional projections of population and male labor force
participation are provided to the year 2001. Two sets of projections
are calculated based on different assumptions. "Whichever projection
is considered, the growth in labour supply is expected to be phenomenal
and calls for massive programmes of employment creation. The size of
the labour force in all provinces except in Baluchistan is expected to
grow at a faster rate than the population during the projection period
in both variants."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:40700 Riboud,
Michelle. Labour-market response to changes in cohort
size: the case of France. European Journal of Population/Revue
Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 3, No. 3-4, Jul 1988. 359-82 pp.
Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Recent changes
in the labour market in France, more particularly changes in labour
supply and in unemployment, are examined. Particular attention is paid
to the arrival of the baby boom on the labour market. The effect of
demographic changes is, however, shown to have been less than that of
behavioural changes. Relative earnings of succesive cohorts are also
examined, and the earnings-gap between baby boomers and preceding
cohorts is discussed and compared with that observed in the USA. The
evidence suggests that with earnings too, non-demographic factors have
been important: the inequities observed in the earnings of a number of
cohorts cannot be fully explained by relative cohort
size."
Correspondence: M. Riboud, Centre de Recherche sur
l'Emploi et la Production, Faculte de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion,
Universite d'Orleans, B.P. 6739, F-45067 Orleans Cedex 2, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40701 Sakamoto,
Arthur. Labor market structure, human capital, and
earnings inequality in metropolitan areas. Social Forces, Vol. 67,
No. 1, Sep 1988. 86-107 pp. Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In Eng.
"Individualistic versus structuralist explanations of
aggregate-level earnings inequality are contrasted. Their respective
predictions are then empirically considered in regression analyses of
earnings inequality across 282 [U.S.] metropolitan areas. In general,
the results do not provide strong support for the structuralist model
at least as operationalized in terms of industrially and occupationally
discrete segments. The effects of individualistic variables, however,
do not provide strong support for human capital theory either, and the
results vary substantially depending on which particular measure of
inequality is considered. Implications for labor market research and
theory are discussed."
Correspondence: A. Sakamoto,
Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, 1180 Observatory
Drive, Madison, WI 53706. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:40702 South
Africa. Central Statistical Services (Pretoria, South Africa).
Current Population Survey: Coloureds, Asians and Blacks,
1986. [Lopende bevolkingsopname: Kleurlinge, Asiers en Swartes,
1986.] Verslag/Report, No. 07-07-04, ISBN 0-621-11030-2. [1987]. xi,
327 pp. Pretoria, South Africa. In Eng; Afr.
This report presents
statistics on the economically active population of South Africa for
1984, excluding whites. The data are presented separately for Blacks,
Coloureds, and Asians and include figures for occupations,
unemployment, and the unemployed population.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40703
Sumono. Analysis of recent changes in the
unemployment and part-time employment in Indonesia, 1980-85. In:
Studies in African and Asian Demography: CDC Annual Seminar, 1987. CDC
Research Monograph Series, No. 17, 1988. 623-43 pp. Cairo Demographic
Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
The author examines "the extent of
unemployment and part-time employment in Indonesia in 1980 and 1985.
The study includes the analyses of the age-sex patterns of unemployment
and part-time employment, education and unemployment, part-time
employment by industry, and the rural and urban differentials over the
period 1980-1985....The data on labour force used in the study come
from the 1980 census and the 1985 Intercensal Population Survey
conducted in Indonesia." It is found that the overall level of
unemployment increased during the period while the proportion of
part-time employment also rose. Sectors of the economy where the
percentage of part-time employment has increased are
identified.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:40704 Tokman,
Victor E. Urban employment: research and policy in Latin
America. CEPAL Review, No. 34, Pub. Order No. LC/G.1521-P. Apr
1988. 109-26 pp. Santiago, Chile. In Eng.
Trends in urban
employment policy research and design in Latin America are discussed.
"This article is organized into three main parts....The first reviews
research and policies in the 1970s, while the second deals with the
1980s. The two periods are set off by different economic conditions
and, particularly, by the severe crisis which has affected the region
since the beginning of the present decade. Finally, in the third part
the nature of the current debate on the subject will be
outlined."
Location: Princeton University Library (UN).
54:40705 Uruguay.
Direccion General de Estadistica y Censos (Montevideo,
Uruguay). National Household Survey, 1986. [Encuesta
Nacional de Hogares, 1986.] 1987. 105 pp. Montevideo, Uruguay. In Spa.
This publication contains labor force data from the 1986 National
Household Survey of Uruguay. Data are presented in tables and charts
for the country as a whole, Montevideo, and the interior. Chapters are
included on the economically active population, employment and
unemployment, average number of hours employed, underemployment, and
income. Within each chapter, data are provided by type of economic
activity, category of occupation, age group, educational level, and
sex.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
