H. Migration

H.1. General Migration

54:40463 Berninghaus, Siegfried; Seifert-Vogt, Hans G. A game theoretical analysis of household migration decisions in a static and deterministic world. Fakultat fur Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Statistik Diskussionsbeitrage, Serie II, No. 29, Jul 1987. 59 pp. Universitat Konstanz, Fakultat fur Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Statistik: Constance, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Eng.
The authors attempt to develop a game theoretical foundation of the household decision-making process with regard to migration, and to study the effects of varying exogenous parameters on the outcome. A general model of the household migration decision and the game theoretical solution is presented first. A more restricted model is formulated in order "to obtain more detailed results concerning the effects of altering the basic economic parameters (price and income proportions) on the household migration decision....[The authors then introduce] specific utility functions of the Cobb-Douglas type: this enables us to deduce hypotheses about the household migration decision which would be empirically testable."
Correspondence: Fakultat fur Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Statistik, Universitat Konstanz, Postfach 5560, D-7750 Constance, Federal Republic of Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40464 Calvo, Thomas; Lopez, Gustavo. Population movements in the west of Mexico. [Movimientos de poblacion en el occidente de Mexico.] ISBN 968-7230-41-X. 1988. 372 pp. Colegio de Michoacan: Zamora, Mexico; Centre d'Etudes Mexicaines et Centramericaines: Paris, France. In Spa.
This collective work is a product of a round table on migration in Central-Western Mexico, held at the French Embassy in Mexico City, July 21-22, 1986. The 18 papers are concerned with both internal and international migration and include historical migration studies.
Location: New York Public Library.

54:40465 Chapman, Murray. Population movement studied at microscale: experience and extrapolation. Geo Journal, Vol. 15, No. 14, Dec 1987. 347-65 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper is concerned with methodological aspects of four different studies of population mobility at microscale, undertaken between 1965 and 1977 in the Solomon Islands and [Northwestern] Thailand." With reference to "field research on population movement conducted amongst individuals, households, small groups, and village communities in third world societies, [the author] challenges the convention that both generalization and extrapolation are based inevitably and exclusively on the number of cases or events subject to examination."
Correspondence: M. Chapman, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2500 Campus Road, Honolulu, HI 96822. Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

54:40466 Clark, Peter; Souden, David. Migration and society in early modern England. ISBN 0-389-20778-0. LC 87-35088. 1988. 355 pp. Barnes and Noble Books: Totowa, New Jersey. In Eng.
Internal migration in Great Britain during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries is reviewed. "This collection of essays...focuses historical attention on migration as an essential element in the growth of early modern society....This volume is concerned not only with the nature of migration but with its interaction with society as a whole. Collected here are a number of key articles from the published literature and a number of new essays covering major aspects of the subject. Two chapters are included on migration connections with colonial North America, seen as an extension of internal migration patterns. The introduction outlines the methodological problems of studying migration...as well as sketching the broad scenario of migration in the period, to set in context the detailed chapters which follow."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40467 de Haan, Leo. Long-term implications of labor migration in Togo. [Lange-termijnpatronen van arbeidsmigratie in Togo.] Geografisch Tijdschrift, Vol. 20, No. 3, 1986. 219-29 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
Labor migration in Togo since 1900 is analyzed. The author examines factors affecting the demand for labor in areas of in-migration, the development of systems of production related to population growth in areas of out-migration, and state intervention. Consideration is given to both international and internal migration. The expansion of internal migration since independence is noted.
Correspondence: L. de Hann, Instituut voor Sociale Geografie, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Spui 21, 1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Location: New York Public Library.

54:40468 Dierx, Adriaan H. Estimation of a human capital model of migration. Annals of Regional Science, Vol. 22, No. 3, Nov 1988. 99-110 pp. Bellingham, Washington. In Eng.
"The main deficiency of the current literature on the determinants of migration is the large gap between theoretical analyses and empirical applications. If no direct link is established between a theoretical model and its empirical specification, the empirical results cannot validate the model. This paper develops a version of the human capital model of migration which permits empirical specification. The human capital model presented incorporates two important concepts from migration theory: (1) an index of characteristics that uniquely define a specific location; and (2) location-specific human capital. The empirical model is estimated with a data set consisting of a number of cases from the Michigan [United States] Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) survey."
Correspondence: A. H. Dierx, Directorate General for Regional Policy, Commission of the European Communities, Wetstraat 200, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

54:40469 Findley, Sally E. The directionality and age selectivity of the health-migration relation: evidence from sequences of disability and mobility in the United States. International Migration Review, Vol. 22, No. 3, Fall 1988. 4-29 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"Evidence regarding the effects of health status on migration [in the United States] are mixed, with some concluding that there is a positive relation while others conclude a negative relation. This study examines the analytical bases for conflicting findings and proposes a model of the health-migration relation which allows for age selectivity, nonlinearities, interactions, and dynamic effects." Data are from the National Center for Health Statistics for 1979 and 1980.
Correspondence: S. E. Findley, Health Sciences, Rockefeller Foundation, 1133 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10036. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40470 Gregory, Joel. Migration and urbanization. [Migrations et urbanisation.] In: Population et societes en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. 1988. 369-99 pp. Editions l'Harmattan: Paris, France. In Fre.
This chapter begins with a historical review of migration in Sub-Saharan Africa, followed by a discussion of problems concerning definitions and data. The author then summarizes recent migration trends by region and considers levels of urbanization. The relationships between migration and factors such as family structure, places of origin and destination, sex roles, and social class are also examined.
Correspondence: J. Gregory, Departement de Demographie, Universite de Montreal, C. P. 6128 Succursale A, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40471 Long, Larry; Tucker, C. Jack; Urton, William L. Measuring migration distances: self-reporting and indirect methods. JASA: Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 83, No. 403, Sep 1988. 674-8 pp. Alexandria, Virginia. In Eng.
Methods of determining distance covered in migration are discussed. "Two approaches for doing so are simply to ask movers how far they moved or to infer distance from localities of origin and destination. The former has been used in Health Interview Surveys, and the latter is applied to Current Population Surveys; both are national surveys conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. The two approaches appear to produce consistent results and offer ways of increasing comparability of data and research findings on geographical mobility."
Correspondence: L. Long, Demographic Analysis Staff, Center for Demographic Studies, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Location: Princeton University Library (SM).

54:40472 Lowe, R. J. The migration factor in regional population change in New Zealand. New Zealand Population Review, Vol. 14, No. 1, May 1988. 4-21 pp. Wellington, New Zealand. In Eng.
The author assesses the effects of migration on regional differences in population in New Zealand since 1976. "An exploratory attempt to compare the internal and overseas migration components of total regional migration shows that their relative significance has varied considerably through time and that internal migration should be studied in conjunction with the regional effects of overseas migration. The migration component of Auckland's growth has become smaller relative to natural increase, but remains large compared to most other regions. Overseas migration is a particularly important factor in Auckland's growth."
Correspondence: R. J. Lowe, P.O. Box 12-295, Wellington, New Zealand. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40473 Mehata, K. M.; Duraiswamy, S. Interconnected population processes with family migration and emigration. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 18, No. 7, Jul 1987. 577-93 pp. New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author examines the relationship between migration and family formation patterns. A model is presented and expanded to include the birth-death-migration-emigration process. The model's application to human and other populations is also discussed.
Correspondence: K. M. Mehata, Department of Mathematics, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chrompet, Madras 600 044, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SM).

54:40474 Naranjo Ramires, Jose. Some aspects of out-migration from Cordoba province. [Algunos aspectos de la emigracion exterior de la Provincia de Cordoba.] Estudios Geograficos, Vol. 47, No. 182-183, Feb-May 1986. 95-118 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
Migration out of the Spanish province of Cordoba from 1960 to 1980 is analyzed. The author suggests that the combination of surplus population and poor economic structure in the province were the main causes of past out-migration and are likely to continue to influence future migration trends.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

54:40475 Nauck, Bernhard. Socio-structural and individualistic theories of migration. Elements of a comparison of theories. [Sozialstrukturelle und individualistische Migrationstheorien. Elemente eines Theorienvergleichs.] Kolner Zeitschrift fur Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, Vol. 40, No. 1, Mar 1988. 15-39 pp. Cologne, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger. with sum. in Eng.
German contributions to the theory of migration are reviewed. Specifically, the author examines the theory of structural and anomic tension developed by Hoffmann-Nowotny and the action-oriented analysis of the assimilation process developed by Esser. These two theories are compared, and it is noted that although both theories arrive at competing propositions on the theoretical level, there are strong convergences at the level of the derived causal models. The extent to which models involving national choices can overcome the theoretical weaknesses identified in migration research is also considered.
Correspondence: B. Nauck, Staatsinstituut fur Fruhpadogogik und Familienforschung, Arabellastrasse 1, 8000 Munich 81, Federal Republic of Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

54:40476 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD] (Paris, France). The future of migration. ISBN 92-64-12949-9. LC 87-163484. 1987. 319 pp. Paris, France. In Eng.
These are the proceedings of a conference on the future of migration, held May 13-15, 1986, under the auspices of the OECD Working Party on Migration. "The principal objective of the Conference was twofold: to examine significant trends which will affect the future of migration in OECD Member countries and to identify the relevant issues which will have to be faced in the design of future migration policies." Following an introductory section, Part 1 is concerned with long-term aspects of international migration, particularly in Europe. Part 2 considers resident populations of migrant origin, focusing on Europe and Australia. Part 3 deals with changing patterns of migration in Southern Europe.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

54:40477 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD] (Paris, France). The future of migration. ISBN 92-64-12949-9. 1987. 319 pp. Paris, France. In Eng.
This is a report on the Conference of National Experts on the Future of Migration, held in May 1986 under the auspices of the OECD Working Party on Migration. "The principal objective of the Conference was twofold: to examine significant trends which will affect the future of migration in OECD Member countries and to identify the relevant issues which will have to be faced in the design of future migration policies." Papers are presented under three topics: long-term aspects of international migration flows, resident populations of migrant origin, and changing patterns of migration in Southern Europe.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40478 Piazza, A.; Rendine, S.; Zei, G.; Moroni, A.; Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. Migration rates of human populations from surname distributions. Nature, Vol. 329, No. 6141, Oct 22, 1987. 714-6 pp. London, England. In Eng.
This study is concerned with the use of surnames as data to study migration. The authors compare estimates of migration rates in Italy prepared using data on surnames taken from telephone directories for 91 provinces with corresponding estimates based on data from official demographic sources. The results suggest that in the examples used, the ratio of surnames to individuals makes it possible to calculate reliable estimates of migration rates.
Correspondence: A. Piazza, Dipartimento di Genetica, Biologia e Chimica Medica, Universita di Torino, Via Santena 19, Turin 10126, Italy. Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

54:40479 Rajulton, Fernando; Lee, Hwa Y. A semi-Markovian approach to using event history data in multiregional demography. Mathematical Population Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1988. 289-315, 318 pp. New York, New York/London, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"As a first step towards infusing event-history analysis into multiregional demography, this paper introduces a semi-Markovian framework and outlines its salient features as differentiated from a pure Markovian framework. Specifically, what differentiates the former from the latter is an explicit consideration of duration-dependence in migrating from one region to another....The underlying concepts of a semi-Markov process in the special case of time-homogeneity or age-independence of transition probabilities are given in a coherent and concise form. Illustrations of empirical applications to the event-history data on migration as provided by the Korean National Migration Survey conducted in 1983, and of distinct features of the semi-Markovian analysis through a parametrization of the basic probabilities are also given in this paper."
This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1987 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 53, No. 3, p. 395).
Correspondence: F. Rajulton, Department of Sociology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40480 Saenz, Rogelio; Colbert, Edli. Sustenance organization and net migration in small Texas nonmetropolitan communities, 1960-1980. Rural Sociology, Vol. 53, No. 3, Fall 1988. 334-45 pp. College Park, Maryland. In Eng.
"In this study, we use the human ecological perspective to examine the relationships between six sustenance-organization activities and net migration in 1960-1970 and 1970-1980 in 116 relatively small Texas nonmetropolitan communities. The results support the human ecological perspective. Communities highly dependent on agriculture had lower net in-migration rates during the two periods than those relying more heavily on manufacturing and certain service activities. The communities' sustenance activities are useful in explaining local net migration rates, even after the sustenance activities of the surrounding areas have been taken into account."
Correspondence: R. Saenz, Department of Rural Sociology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843-2125. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40481 Sharma, H. L. A probability distribution for out-migration. Janasamkhya, Vol. 5, No. 2, Dec 1987. 95-101 pp. Kariavattom, India. In Eng.
"Under certain simplifying assumptions, an inflated generalized Poisson distribution has been proposed to study the trends for out-migration. This distribution has been fitted to data estimating the parameters by (i) method of moments and (ii) maximum likelihood method....Asymptotic expressions for variance and covariance of the maximum likelihood estimates are obtained." The method is tested using data from the Rural Development and Population Growth survey undertaken in Varanasi, India, in 1978.
Correspondence: H. L. Sharma, JNKVV, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bamori Seed Farm, Post Rajaua, Sagar 470 002, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40482 Tunali, Insan. Migration and remigration: theory and fact. Department of Economics Working Paper, No. 392, Apr 1987. 41, [23] pp. Cornell University, Department of Economics: Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
"This paper constitutes an attempt to tie some loose ends in the theoretical and empirical literature on migration and remigration. I show that the assumptions needed for justifying remigrations as corrective steps in a sequential model are rather restrictive. I then propose an alternative in which the remigration option is entertained as a possibility at the time of the initial migration decision. I offer a statistical formulation which relies on this conceptualization and allows for a formal test of the interdependence between the initial and subsequent migration decisions. I address various methodological issues that arise in implementing the theory. Finally, I put the theory and the statistical method to use on a rich micro data set from Turkey."
This paper was originally presented at the 1987 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 53, No. 3, Fall 1987, p. 400).
Correspondence: Department of Economics, Uris Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

H.2. International Migration

54:40483 Afolayan, A. A. Immigration and expulsion of ECOWAS aliens in Nigeria. International Migration Review, Vol. 22, No. 1, Spring 1988. 4-27 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
The immigration of ECOWAS (Economic Community of Western African States) citizens into Nigeria following the 1980 ECOWAS treaty on international migration is discussed. Consideration is given to international migration in Nigeria before and after the treaty, the effect of Nigeria's oil boom on immigration, and the impact of drought and war in other parts of Western Africa. Factors leading to the expulsion of ECOWAS aliens, and public response to the order, are also examined. Data are from official sources.
Correspondence: A. A. Afolayan, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40484 Allen, James P.; Turner, Eugene J. Where to find the new immigrants. American Demographics, Vol. 10, No. 9, Sep 1988. 22-7, 59-60 pp. Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
The spatial distribution of new immigrant groups in the United States is described using data from the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. Estimates are provided on the size of the immigrant population by country of origin for 38 metropolitan areas.
Correspondence: J. P. Allen, Department of Geography, California State University, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40485 Baker, Lyle; Miller, Paul. The economics of immigration. Proceedings of a conference at the Australian National University, 22-23 April 1987. Pub. Order No. 88 0917 X. ISBN 0-644-08112-0. [1988]. xiii, 256 pp. Department of Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs: Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
These are the proceedings of a conference on the economics of immigration to Australia, held in Canberra in April 1987. The focus of the nine papers is on the costs and benefits of Australia's current immigration program. Topics covered include the relationship between immigration and factors such as economic growth and per capita investment; educational status and language issues; and the labor market success of migrants. Also included are papers on comparative situations in the United States, Canada, and New Zealand. Consideration is given to gaps in current knowledge that should be the focus of future research.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40486 Bedford, R. D.; Levick, W. Recent migration from Fiji to New Zealand. New Zealand Population Review, Vol. 14, No. 1, May 1988. 69-81 pp. Wellington, New Zealand. In Eng.
The authors analyze recent trends in migration from Fiji to New Zealand, with a focus on the impact of a May 1987 military coup in Fiji and a period of visa-free entry into New Zealand. They then "place these recent migration experiences in the broader context of changes in New Zealand's Fiji-born population between 1945 and 1986 in an endeavour to establish the relative significance of the recent influx of migrants."
Correspondence: R. D. Bedford, Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40487 Bedford, R. D.; Brown, J. The Australian population in New Zealand: an overview. New Zealand Population Review, Vol. 14, No. 1, May 1988. 51-68 pp. Wellington, New Zealand. In Eng.
"This paper examined characteristics of the Australian population in New Zealand, with particular reference to trends in migration and population growth since 1971. The revelant universe is the Australia-born population enumerated in successive New Zealand censuses, and documented in international migration statistics. Changes made to arrival and departure cards late in 1987 are reviewed briefly because removal of the birthplace question is likely to compromise severely future analyses of population exchanges between Australia and New Zealand."
Correspondence: R. D. Bedford, Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40488 Biraben, Jean-Noel. About the "invasion" of foreigners. [De "l'invasion" des etrangers.] Projet, No. 192, Mar-Apr 1985. 61-7 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The process of demographic growth and decline among different peoples is first considered in the general sense. The author then examines current immigration to Europe in this context and concludes that the key to the future lies in devoting efforts to absorbing immigrants rather than in rejecting them.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

54:40489 Birks, J. S.; Seccombe, I. J.; Sinclair, C. A. Labour migration in the Arab Gulf states: patterns, trends and prospects. International Migration/Migrations Internationales/Migraciones Internacionales, Vol. 26, No. 3, Sep 1988. 267-86 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This paper presents an analysis of recent changes in the scale and characteristics of non-national migration to, and employment in, the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member states....Firstly, it examines the scale, distribution and nationality composition of the non-national workforce stock in 1985. The second section focuses on migrant worker flows in the 1980s....The third part of the paper describes the 1986 oil price shock and details the ensuing net non-national labour outflows. Finally, the paper presents an outline projection of non-national workforces in the Gulf in the early 1990s. Statistical tables appear at the end of the text." Data are from official Arab Gulf state agencies.
Correspondence: J. S. Birks, Mountjoy Research Centre, 14 Mount Joy Crescent, Durham DH1 3BA, England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40490 Buechler, Hans C.; Buechler, Judith-Maria. Migrants in Europe: the role of family, labor, and politics. Contributions in Family Studies, No. 12, ISBN 0-313-23236-9. LC 86-25722. 1987. viii, 319 pp. Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
This is a collection of 12 papers by various authors on aspects of European migration. The primary approach is anthropological. Consideration is given to the migration process as a whole, involving places of both origin and destination. The papers are concerned with migration from Mediterranean and African countries to Northern Europe, with an emphasis on the process of assimilation. A paper is also included on return migration to Ireland.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

54:40491 Espenshade, Thomas J. Projected imbalances between labor supply and labor demand in the Caribbean Basin: implications for future migration to the United States. Impacts of Immigration in California Policy Discussion Paper, No. PDS-88-2, Jun 1988. 70, 3 pp. Urban Institute: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"As a way of beginning to assess the likely effectiveness of the [U.S.] Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, this paper examines push factors underlying migration northward from the Caribbean Basin to the United States....The growing imbalance between labor supply and labor demand in the Caribbean Basin is examined....[and] the implications of rising unemployment for migratory pressures are...discussed. The number of additional jobs that would have to be created...as well as the projected cost of creating these additional jobs are also estimated." Data are from official and other published sources.
Correspondence: Urban Institute, 2100 M Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40492 Fortuna, Juan C.; Niedworok, Nelly; Pellegrino, Adela. Uruguay and the emigration of the 1970s. [Uruguay y la emigracion de los 70.] Estudios sobre la Sociedad Uruguaya, No. 10, 1988. 147 pp. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development [UNRISD]: Geneva, Switzerland; Centro de Informaciones y Estudios del Uruguay [CIESU]: Montevideo, Uruguay. In Spa.
The large-scale emigration that occurred in Uruguay during the 1970s is analyzed. Consideration is given to the characteristics of this migration and its impact on the country of origin, the characteristics of migrant communities, and the process of return migration and assimilation. A case study of Uruguayan emigration to Venezuela is included.
Correspondence: CIESU, Juan Paullier 1174, Montevideo, Uruguay. Location: New York Public Library.

54:40493 Garcia y Griego, Manuel; Verea Campos, Monica. Mexico and the United States faced with undocumented migration. [Mexico y Estados Unidos frente a la migracion de indocumentados.] Ciencias Sociales, ISBN 968-842-142-1. 1988. 175 pp. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Coordinacion de Humanidades: Mexico City, Mexico; Grupo Editorial Miguel Angel Porrua: Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa.
The impact of the 1986 change in U.S. immigration law on illegal migration from Mexico to the United States is considered. The authors review contradictions in the Simpson-Rodino law, labor force migration of Mexicans to the United States, and the need for a new approach to illegal migration, with particular reference to Mexican migration policy.
Location: New York Public Library.

54:40494 Grubb, Farley. Morbidity and mortality on the North Atlantic passage: eighteenth-century German immigration. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 17, No. 3, Winter 1987. 565-85 pp. Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
The effects of high migrant morbidity and mortality on international migration to the United States during the eighteenth century is examined. "Estimates of voyage mortality, debarkation morbidity, and immediate post-voyage mortality for eighteenth-century German immigrants arriving in Philadelphia [Pennsylvania] are presented in this study. These estimates were derived from quantitative evidence in surviving passenger manifests and from the bills of mortality for the city of Philadelphia....[The author finds that] passage conditions, particularly morbidity and mortality, were important costs to prospective emigrants....These costs posed a formidable restraint on European emigration to America. As a consequence, this threat may have altered the growth path of world output, and the growth in the personal wealth of prospective emigrants, by postponing the movement of labor from low productivity employment in Europe to high productivity employment in America."
Correspondence: F. Grubb, Department of Economics, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711. Location: Princeton University Library (SH).

54:40495 Guendelman, Sylvia. The incorporation of Mexican women in seasonal migration: a study of gender differences. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 3, Sep 1987. 245-64 pp. Los Angeles, California. In Eng. with sum. in Spa.
"This article compares sex differences in migratory behaviors, work patterns and conjugal relations in a cohort of male and female immigrants who move seasonally between Mexico and the United States. Gender comparisons are made using survey data and information from in-depth group interviews. The findings indicate that among Mexicans immigration to the United States reinstates men's traditional roles as providers while making women assume non-traditional roles. Female role expansion, through employment in the U.S., strongly influences conjugal relations in the direction of more equality. In contrast, failure to enter the American labor force implies a role restriction resulting in a loss of autonomy for many immigrant women."
Correspondence: S. Guendelman, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720. Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

54:40496 Heitman, Sidney. The third Soviet emigration: Jewish, German and Armenian migration from the USSR since World War II. Berichte des Bundesinstituts fur Ostwissenschaftliche und Internationale Studien, No. 21-1987, 1987. v, 108 pp. Bundesinstitut fur Ostwissenschaftliche und Internationale Studien: Cologne, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Eng. with sum. in Ger.
Legal emigration from the USSR since World War II is analyzed. This emigration, totalling just under half a million, has been largely confined to three national minorities, Jews, Germans, and Armenians. Data are from a variety of published and unpublished sources. "The objectives of the report are essentially threefold--to describe the evolution of the Third Emigration from its origins to the present; to analyze its causes, precipitants, and dynamics; and to evaluate its consequences and significances for the emigrants, the USSR and the West."
Correspondence: Bundesinstitut fur Ostwissenschaftliche und Internationale Studien, Lindenbornstrasse 22, D-5000 Cologne 30, Federal Republic of Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40497 Howith, H. G. Immigration levels planning: the first decade. [Planification des niveaux d'immigration: la premiere decennie.] Population Working Paper, No. 7, Pub. Order No. WH-5-117. Mar 1988. 41, 45, [3] pp. Employment and Immigration Canada, Policy and Program Development, Immigration: Ottawa, Canada. In Eng; Fre.
"The purpose of this paper is to review the first decade (1979-1988) of immigration levels planning [in Canada] by comparing annual announced levels and their components with the actual yearly landings recorded during that period, and by outlining the development of the planning process. [The author also provides] a brief account of the reasons which led to the introduction of the levels planning excerise itself."
Correspondence: Employment and Immigration Canada, Place du Portage, Phase IV, 140 Promenade du Portage, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0J9, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40498 Ismail, Mohamed F. Spatial analysis of Tunisian emigration patterns (1973-1980). In: Studies in African and Asian Demography: CDC Annual Seminar, 1987. CDC Research Monograph Series, No. 17, 1988. 349-65 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
The author seeks "to examine a spatial aspect of Tunisian emigration in a declining period, 1973-1980. This was a period characterized by urban and rural origin flows compared with the preceding period, 1965-1972 which was characterized by a dominant urban origin emigration." Official statistics concerning Tunisians employed abroad are used to calculate migration rates by governorate to France and to Libya.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40499 Jensen, Leif. Patterns of immigration and public assistance utilization, 1970-1980. International Migration Review, Vol. 22, No. 1, Spring 1988. 51-83 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"This article explores the utilization of public assistance by immigrants and natives [in the United States]. The analysis goes beyond existing research by utilizing repeated cross-sectional data. Descriptive tables show that despite their higher poverty rates, immigrant families had only minimally higher public assistance recipiency rates compared to natives. Multivariate logistic regression analyses reveal that immigrant families were generally less likely than natives to receive public assistance....There were exceptions to this generalization according to year of observation and race/ethnicity."
Correspondence: L. Jensen, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40500 Matta, Benjamin N.; Popp, Anthony V. Immigration and the earnings of youth in the U.S. International Migration Review, Vol. 22, No. 1, Spring 1988. 104-16 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"This article reports findings that have emerged from an effort made at statistically measuring the effects of immigration on the earnings of U.S.-born youth. The presence of immigrants arriving before 1965 has a positive impact on youth earnings. Recently arrived immigrants impact negatively, however. These results are consistent with recent findings that the skill level of immigrants arriving within the last two decades is lower relative to that of immigrants arriving earlier. The results also show that the negative effects diminish as the youth ages, reflecting skill acquisition and job mobility of the young worker into jobs less vulnerable to competition from immigrant workers."
Correspondence: B. N. Matta, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40501 McElroy, Jerome L.; de Albuquerque, Klaus. Migration transition in small Northern and Eastern Caribbean states. International Migration Review, Vol. 22, No. 3, Fall 1988. 30-58 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"One area of intra-Caribbean migration that has been overlooked is the 'migration transition'--the transformation of rapidly modernizing societies from net labor exporters to net labor importers. This article assembles eight case studies to: 1) briefly present a spectrum of migration experiences in the Caribbean; 2) uncover some transitions under way; 3) pinpoint the forces that underlie the migration transition and; 4) point out some of the more important policy implications of labor migration reversals." Data are from West Indian censuses and government statistics.
Correspondence: K. de Albuquerque, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40502 Mexico. Consejo Nacional de Poblacion [CONAPO] (Mexico City, Mexico). Survey on the northern frontier of undocumented workers sent back by the U.S. authorities, December 1984 (ETIDEU). [Encuesta en la frontera norte a trabajadores indocumentados devueltos por las autoridades de los Estados Unidos de America, diciembre de 1984 (ETIDEU).] Jun 1986. 135, [6] pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa.
This publication presents statistical data from a survey conducted in December 1984 in the border region of Mexico of 9,631 undocumented migrants apprehended and sent back by the U.S. authorities. Chapters are included on the demographic characteristics of migrants, migration routes, socioeconomic characteristics and implications for the labor force, and characteristics of migrant participation in the U.S. labor force.
Location: New York Public Library.

54:40503 O'Brien, Peter. Continuity and change in Germany's treatment of non-Germans. International Migration Review, Vol. 22, No. 3, Fall 1988. 109-34 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"This essay criticizes two conventional approaches to migrants in Germany. One focuses on racism in German history while the second examines the tradition of repressive laws which exploit and dominate foreigners. This essay finds these approaches appropriate until the 1970s. From that point, German governments tend to accept foreigners and develop programs of integration. Yet, the essay concludes with ways future research can uncover in these same policies of integration new and subtle forms of control and domination."
Correspondence: P. O'Brien, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI 49007. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40504 Pozo, Susan. Essays on legal and illegal immigration. ISBN 0-88099-041-4. LC 86-24605. 1986. v, 128 pp. W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research: Kalamazoo, Michigan. In Eng.
The six papers included here were presented at a seminar on the effects of international migration on the United States, held at Western Michigan University in 1984-1985. Topics covered include immigration law reform, immigrants and the U.S. labor market, the feasibility of controlling international migration, illegal alien policies, the tax implications of immigration, and the future of immigration policy.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

54:40505 Raymondo, James C. How to count illegals, state by state. American Demographics, Vol. 10, No. 9, Sep 1988. 42-3 pp. Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
Ways of estimating the number of illegal migrants in the United States are considered. Using methods developed by Jeffrey Passel and Karen Woodrow and data from the 1980 census, the author presents an estimate of 3,500,000 illegal migrants for 10 states with the largest populations of illegal migrants.
Correspondence: J. C. Raymondo, Center for Business and Economic Research, University of Alabama, University, AL 35486. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40506 Salas Ausens, Jose A. Migration in Spain in the modern era. [Movimientos migratorios en la Espana de la edad moderna.] Boletin de la Asociacion de Demografia Historica, Vol. 6, No. 2, Jul 1988. 29-53 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa.
The author reviews the published literature and available data sources concerning migration into and out of Spain from the sixteenth century to the present day.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40507 Samuel, T. John; Jansson, Mikael. Canada's immigration levels and the economic and demographic environment, 1967-1987. [L'immigration au Canada au regard du contexte economique et demographique de 1967 a 1987.] Population Working Paper, No. 8, Pub. Order No. WH-5-116. Mar 1988. 23, 24 pp. Employment and Immigration Canada, Policy and Program Development, Immigration: Ottawa, Canada. In Eng; Fre.
The relationships between the demographic and economic environment and immigration levels in Canada are analyzed for the period 1967-1987. Consideration is given to Canadian immigration policy development and to the demographic impact of immigration. Data are from official and other published sources.
Correspondence: Employment and Immigration Canada, Place du Portage, Phase IV, 140 Promenade du Portage, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0J9, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40508 Sell, Ralph R. Egyptian international labor migration and social processes: toward regional integration. International Migration Review, Vol. 22, No. 3, Fall 1988. 87-108 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"This article reviews evidence that contemporary Egyptian international labor migration to oil-rich Arab countries has followed a classic social process which starts with a homo economicus phase, advances into a goal reorientation phase, and ends with the establishment of diaspora communities in destination societies. The history of Egyptian migration, current estimates of migration, the role of Egyptians in selected Arab countries, and emergent processes all were found to support the predictions of the social process model. Particularly important support comes from the finding that all social classes participated in this migration. Conclusions suggest the likelihood that Egyptian migration processes will promote economic and perhaps social integration in the region." Data are from official Egyptian sources.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40509 Simcox, David E. U.S. immigration in the 1980s: reappraisal and reform. ISBN 0-8133-7542-8. LC 88-17231. Jun 1988. xii, 308 pp. Westview Press: Boulder, Colorado; Center for Immigration Studies: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The volume and character of immigration to the United States are examined in this collection of studies by various authors. The focus is on "the impact that low-skilled, less-educated, and largely self-selected immigrants have on national and regional labor markets, population growth, public services, and inter-ethnic relations." The book examines questions such as "can a densely populated, urban, high-technology society continue to gain from the heavy influx of low-skilled workers? Is assimilation in its historical sense still a valid concept for the increasing numbers of non-western immigrants? How well will the new Immigration Reform and Control Act work? And how can immigration policies be revamped to satisfy broad national interests?."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40510 Straubhaar, Thomas. International labor migration and development. In: World population trends and their impact on economic development, edited by Dominick Salvatore. 1988. 139-61 pp. Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
This study is concerned with whether international labor migration tends to help or harm the economic development of the country of origin. The author develops a model of international labor migration in the context of a simultaneous-equation model based on time-series data. "The discussion is organized as follows: First, we will set up a simultaneous-equations model. Then, we are going to estimate such a model for the European South-North migration flows in the years 1960 to 1984. Finally, we will look at the knowledge which we might gain by such an exercise." The results indicate that such migration has some positive effect on the economic development of the country of origin.
Correspondence: T. Straubhaar, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40511 Swamy, Gurushri. Population growth and international migration. In: World population trends and their impact on economic development, edited by Dominick Salvatore. 1988. 107-24 pp. Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
This chapter is concerned with international migration in the context of the role it can play in helping to narrow the growing gap in wealth between developed and developing countries. "It provides an analysis of the dimensions of past and present-day migration, the nature of constraints on free movement of people, and the effects on and costs and benefits to sending and receiving countries." Consideration is given to the determinants of migration and remittances.
Correspondence: G. Swamy, World Bank, Africa Region, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40512 Tapinos, Georges. Foreign immigration in contemporary France. [L'immigration etrangere dans la France contemporaine.] Studi Emigrazione/Etudes Migrations, Vol. 25, No. 90, Jun 1988. 179-201 pp. Rome, Italy. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
Immigration trends in France since 1946 are first reviewed. The author notes that immigration peaked in the period prior to the oil crisis of the early 1970s. Tighter immigration controls adopted in 1974 have affected the characteristics of the immigrant population concerning intention to return to country of origin, length of stay, and reuniting of family members. Consideration is also given to immigrant characteristics by nationality, unemployment among foreigners, and fertility differentials. "The second part of the article examines the new terms of the immigration problem (the alternative between the foreigners' integration and the maintainance of the immigrant statute) and the programs to be proposed."
Correspondence: G. Tapinos, Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 Rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40513 Taylor, J. Edward. U.S. immigration policy and the Mexican economy. Impacts of Immigration in California Policy Discussion Paper, No. PDS-88-1, May 1988. 43, 3 pp. Urban Institute: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper examines the economic incentives that drive illegal migration between rural Mexico and the United States and the importance of Mexico-U.S. migration to the rural Mexican economy. The paper focuses on migration from rural Mexico because rural Mexican households are the principal suppliers of undocumented workers to the United States...." The impact of the increased labor demand in the southwestern United States is also considered.
Correspondence: Urban Institute, 2100 M Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40514 Torrealba, Ricardo. International migration in the Americas. [Migraciones internacionales en las Americas.] 1987. 179 pp. Centro de Estudios de Pastoral y Asistencia Migratoria [CEPAM]: Caracas, Venezuela. In Eng; Spa.
This book contains nine studies presented at a symposium on international migration in Latin America, held in Bogota, Colombia, July 1-7, 1985. (All except one of the studies are in Spanish.) Included are a paper on Mexican xenophobia in the early twentieth century, a study in English of confrontation in a multicultural and pluralistic society in Canada, and an examination of population displacements caused by economic and political crises in Central America and the Caribbean. Six other papers deal with various aspects of migration between Colombia and Venezuela.
Correspondence: EPAM, Calle Taborda, Quinta Scalabrini, San Roman, Apartado Postal 51480, Caracas 1050 A, Venezuela. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40515 Trlin, Andrew D.; Spoonley, Paul. New Zealand and international migration. A digest and bibliography, number 1. ISBN 0-908665-14-8. 1986. v, 162 pp. Massey University, Department of Sociology: Palmerston North, New Zealand. In Eng.
This is the first volume in a planned quinquennial series concerned with the influence of international migration on aspects of social life in New Zealand. The present volume consists of seven articles by different authors and an extensive bibliography. Chapters are included on the nature and provisions of New Zealand's immigration policy during the early 1980s, migration trends and demographic characteristics of migrants, Indochinese refugee resettlement, and immigrant health. "The bibliography includes over 500 items published or completed between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 1984."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40516 Trovato, Frank. The interurban mobility of the foreign born in Canada, 1976-81. International Migration Review, Vol. 22, No. 3, Fall 1988. 59-86 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"This study concerns itself with the relationship between nativity, language affiliation, and interurban mobility in Canada during the intercensal period 1976-81. Three hypotheses are evaluated: a) the urban/ethnic affinity thesis predicts that international immigrants share strong preferences for settling in and relocating toward large urban centers where established ethnic communities exist; b) the sociocultural explanation of mobility posits that variations in the propensity to relocate are a function of nativity and language; and c) the heterogeneity explanation predicts that interurban mobility flows ultimately serve to increase rather than decrease linguistic heterogeneity in large urban areas. A series of crosstabular logistic regression analyses provide support for all three hypotheses." Data are from the 1981 Canadian census.
Correspondence: F. Trovato, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40517 United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP] (Bangkok, Thailand). International labour migration and remittances between the developing ESCAP countries and the Middle East: trends, issues and policies. Development Papers, No. 6; ST/ESCAP/471, Pub. Order No. E.87.II.F.6.. ISBN 92-1-119434-2. 1987. ix, 206 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
Remittances resulting from international labor migration from the ESCAP countries of South, Southeastern and Eastern Asia to the Middle East are discussed. The emphasis is on assisting the governments of the ESCAP countries in implementing policies to maximize and control remittances generated by such migrations. The data primarily concern the period 1981-1985. It is noted that such remittances totalled 9.42 billion in U.S. dollars in 1983 and that "manpower export rather than commodity trade became the more important form of economic relations between the countries in the ESCAP region and the Middle East."
Location: Princeton University Library (UN).

54:40518 Weller, Robert H.; Sly, David F. The structure of immigration into the United States. Center for the Study of Population Working Paper, No. 88-49, 1988. 26, [7] pp. Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Center for the Study of Population: Tallahassee, Florida. In Eng.
"This paper [provides a historical examination of] the characteristics of the immigrants to the United States and describes the demographic effects of immigration. In doing so, it looks at the effects of immigration on the demographic composition of the population as well as its effect on rates of population change. Next the paper examines the heterogeneity that exists among the groups of persons currently classified as immigrants. Finally, current policies toward immigration are presented."
Correspondence: Center for the Study of Population, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4036. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40519 White, Michael J. The segregation and residential assimilation of immigrants. Impacts of Immigration in California Policy Discussion Paper, No. PDS-88-3, Sep 1988. 38, 3 pp. Urban Institute: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper examines the residential patterns of immigrant groups as one window into their assimilation into [U.S.] society....First, we analyze the general residential segregation of thirteen ethnic groups, which vary in terms of immigrant proportion, in Los Angeles and San Diego [California]. We also carry out a more detailed analysis of the ethnic segregation by year of immigration and citizenship status in Los Angeles. Both of these analyses use metropolitan census tract data from the 1980 census."
Correspondence: Urban Institute, 2100 M Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

H.3. Internal Migration

54:40520 Alves de Souza, Guaraci A. Proletariat and migrant: free for subordination. [Proletario e migrante: livre para a subordinacao.] Revista Brasileira de Estudos de Populacao, Vol. 3, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1986. 25-39 pp. Sao Paulo, Brazil. In Por. with sum. in Eng.
The impact of capitalist development on migration patterns and spatial distribution in Brazil is analyzed using the example of Bahia. "Special focus is given on how the migratory flux from the rural area, in Bahia, has been more intense in these last 50 years, altering subsequent spatial displacements of population. At the same time, the form of collective organization of production of the salaried classes in the rural and town areas have been redefined, thus turning migrations into expressive mediation mechanisms in the constitution of an eminently urban society."
Correspondence: G. A. Alves de Souza, Departamento de Sociologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Augusto Viana s/n, Canela, 40000 Salvador, BA, Brazil. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40521 Aubry, Bernard. Interregional migration over the last 30 years: from attraction to indifference...and vice versa. [Les migrations interregionales depuis 30 ans: de l'attirance a l'indifference...et vice versa.] Economie et Statistique, No. 212, Jul-Aug 1988. 13-23, 49, 51 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
Trends in interregional migration in France over the past 30 years are examined. The author notes that such migrations rose until 1975 and have subsequently stabilized, declined, and in some regions dropped steeply. Changes in the direction of internal migration over time are also described.
Correspondence: B. Aubry, INSEE, 14 Rue Adolphe-Seyboth, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40522 Bailey, Mohamed; Sly, David F. Metropolitan--non-metropolitan migration expectancy in the United States, 1965-1980. Genus, Vol. 43, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1987. 37-60 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ita.
"Mobility data from the 1970 and 1980 U.S. Population Censuses are used to examine the relative differences in migration expectancy rates within and between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. Our analyses indicate that expectancy rates have increased over time for all categories of people, sex and race; and for all types of moves with the exception of those from non metropolitan to metropolitan areas." Race and sex differentials in migration expectancy rates are observed, and implications for population redistribution are assessed.
This paper was originally presented at the 1986 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 52, No. 3, Fall 1986, p. 427).
Correspondence: D. F. Sly, Center for the Study of Population, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40523 Barber, G. M.; Milne, W. J. Modelling internal migration in Kenya: an econometric analysis with limited data. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 20, No. 9, Sep 1988. 1,185-96 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"In this paper the determinants of internal migration in Kenya are analyzed on the basis of a human capital model. Explanatory variables included in the specification are both economic (wage rates and employment rates) and noneconomic (for example, population density and educational attainment). Also incorporated are variables which reflect intervening opportunities....The econometric results show that destination variables are important determinants of internal migration, as is distance between the districts. Further, the variables for the intervening opportunities add significantly to the explanatory power of the model."
Correspondence: G. M. Barber, Kenya Long Range Planning Project, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).

54:40524 Bohland, James R.; Rowles, Graham D. The significance of elderly migration to changes in elderly population concentration in the United States: 1960-1980. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 5, Sep 1988. S145-52 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Analysis of county level elderly and nonelderly [U.S.] net migration data revealed that, overall, migration was of less importance in explaining changes in elderly population concentration between 1970 and 1980 than it had been in the previous decade. However, because of the spatial restructuring of both elderly and nonelderly migration, the contribution of elderly migration relative to nonelderly migration increased from 1960 to 1980. Recognizable regional variations were apparent. Elderly migration not only remained significant in explaining changes in elderly population concentrations in 'traditional' Sunbelt retirement states but also showed increased importance in newly emergent southern retirement states and in several northern states, including a group in New England."
Correspondence: J. R. Bohland, Urban Affairs and Planning, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061. Location: Princeton University Library (SW).

54:40525 Boots, Barry N.; Kanaroglou, Pavlos S. Incorporating the effects of spatial structure in discrete choice models of migration. Journal of Regional Science, Vol. 28, No. 4, Nov 1988. 495-509 pp. Peace Dale, Rhode Island. In Eng.
Discrete-choice theory and logit models are evaluated for their usefulness in analyzing migration patterns in a zonal system. The authors "argue that spatial effects and more specifically the relative location of zones are not taken into account in such analyses. We, therefore, introduce a measure of spatial structure and advocate its usage as a predictor of migration in such models. In an example of intrametropolitan migration in Toronto [Canada], we demonstrate that this variable is not only significant but also it improves the performance of all the other variables with the greatest impact on the distance between zones. In addition, inclusion of this variable improves the overall performance of the model in terms of residuals."
Correspondence: B. N. Boots, Department of Geography, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).

54:40526 da Cunha, Jose M. P. Migration in the administrative regions of the state of Sao Paulo according to the census of 1980. [A migracao nas regioes administrativas do estado de Sao Paulo segundo o censo de 1980.] Revista Brasileira de Estudos de Populacao, Vol. 4, No. 2, Jul-Dec 1987. 87-111 pp. Sao Paulo, Brazil. In Por. with sum. in Eng.
Migration patterns in the state of Sao Paulo are analyzed using data from the 1980 census of Brazil. The focus is on migration among the administrative regions of the state.
Correspondence: J. M. P. da Cunha, SEADE, Av. Casper Libero 464--5o andar, Caixa Postal 8223, 01033 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40527 de Morais, Joaquim J. P. A brief analysis of internal migration flows of the elderly and of the situation of the aged based on the Portuguese population census of 1981. [Breve apreciacao dos fluxos demograficos internos do envelhecimento e da situacao dos idosos deduzidos do recenseamento da populacao portuguesa em 1981.] Revista do Centro de Estudos Demograficos, No. 28, 1986. 145-92 pp. Lisbon, Portugal. In Por. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
Regional differences in population density and internal migration patterns in Portugal are analyzed, with a focus on age distribution and the percentage of elderly. Characteristics of the aged population, including those 80 and over, are described. Data are from the 1981 and earlier censuses.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40528 Drbohlav, Dusan. Possible "other reasons" for migration. [K takzvane "jinym duvodum" stehovani.] Demografie, Vol. 30, No. 2, 1988. 127-36 pp. Prague, Czechoslovakia. In Cze. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
Problems concerning the study of migration in Czechoslovakia are considered. The focus is on reasons given for migration, since a migrant is able to select only one of nine possible reasons at registration of migration. An analysis of migration in the Prague area in 1986 leads the author to suggest changes in the choices available at registration to allow the identification of reasons associated with the family.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40529 Flowerdew, Robin; Lovett, Andrew. Fitting constrained Poisson regression models to interurban migration flows. Geographical Analysis, Vol. 20, No. 4, Oct 1988. 297-307 pp. Columbus, Ohio. In Eng.
"This paper demonstrates the effects of fitting singly and doubly constrained spatial interaction models using the Poisson regression approach. A large data set containing migration flows between labor market areas in Great Britain in 1970-71 is used. The results of fitting unconstrained, singly constrained, and doubly constrained models are compared with respect to goodness of fit and the interpretability of parameter estimates. The addition of other explanatory variables to the model is also explored."
Correspondence: R. Flowerdew, Institute for Market and Social Analysis, Toronto, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).

54:40530 Fournier, Gary M.; Rasmussen, David W.; Serow, William J. Elderly migration as a response to economic incentives. Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 69, No. 2, Jun 1988. 245-60 pp. Austin, Texas. In Eng.
"While elderly migrants continue to be a significant component of all households changing state of residence [in the United States], little is known about what determines their migration patterns. The hypothesis of this study is that lower costs of living in some states attract elderly households on fixed incomes much the same way higher wages attract members of the labor force. A method for estimating state cost-of-living indexes is presented, and several models designed to explain state-to-state flows of older migrants are tested for a recent period. The importance of cost-of-living variations is strongly confirmed."
Correspondence: G. M. Fournier, Center for the Study of Population, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4036. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

54:40531 Fournier, Gary M.; Rasmussen, David W.; Serow, William J. Elderly migration: for sun and money. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 7, No. 2, 1988. 189-99 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
The authors discuss the impact of economic factors on elderly migration in the United States and its implications for growth planning. "Our view is that cost-of-living variations among states give elderly households on fixed incomes an incentive to move that closely resembles the effects of wage opportunities on workers who migrate. To test this view, we employ a state-by-state index of cost of living for a retired couple to explore its impact on migration choices of the elderly. The effects of cost of living on migration are investigated in terms of the probability that an elderly person will move out-of-state during a five-year period and the probability that a given state will be chosen as destination once a decision has been made to migrate. The influences of cost of living at both origin and destination are strongly confirmed."
Correspondence: G. M. Fournier, Department of Economics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40532 Goss, Ernst. Prior geographic mobility and job search length. Review of Regional Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1, Winter 1988. 49-54 pp. Clemson, South Carolina. In Eng.
The effect of previous geographic mobility on the length of an unemployed person's job search in the United States is examined. "This study proposed that knowledge of regional wage differentials and other market conditions give a worker with prior geographic mobility experience a better stock of information than one who has worked all of his or her work life in the same geographical location. It is proposed that this superior stock of information has a significant impact on the amount of time it takes an unemployed worker to locate and accept a job." Data are from the 1981 Panel Study of Income Dynamics.
Correspondence: E. Goss, Center for Business and Economic Research, Salisbury State University, Salisbury, MD 21801. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

54:40533 Greenwood, Michael J. Changing patterns of migration and regional economic growth in the U.S.: a demographic perspective. Growth and Change, Vol. 19, No. 4, Fall 1988. 68-87 pp. Lexington, Kentucky. In Eng.
"During the 1970s and early 1980s, the South and West [U.S.] Census regions accounted for over 90 percent of incremental national population, which was easily the highest percentage accounted for by these regions in the nation's history. This paper stresses the importance of powerful demographic forces that contributed to the regional shift, but it does not ignore important economic factors. A major theme of the paper is that because the baby boom has now largely matured out of the most mobile age classes, population and employment growth differentials that strongly favored the South and West will moderate in the future."
Correspondence: M. J. Greenwood, Center for Economic Analysis, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

54:40534 Holzer, Jerzy Z. The socio-demographic and economic aspects of contemporary migration in Poland. [Spoleczno-demograficzne i ekonomiczne aspekty wspolczesnych migracji w Polsce.] Monografie i Opracowania, No. 212, LC 87-120350. 1986. 361 pp. Szkola Glowna Planowania i Statystyki, Instytut Statystyki i Demografii: Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
This publication is divided into three sections each containing papers prepared for a seminar on aspects of migration in Poland held at Waszeta, May 31-June 2, 1985. The first section is concerned with demographic aspects, and includes papers on differences in migration over the life cycle and the impact of migration on rural depopulation. The second part deals with social aspects of migration, including papers on migrants' adaptation, the migration of the elderly, and change of social status. The third part examines economic aspects of migration, with the emphasis on the redistribution of the labor force, and rural-urban migration and its impact on agriculture. A final section presents regional studies, including the impact of international migration on region of origin.
Correspondence: Szkola Glowna Planowania i Statystyki, Instytut Statystyki i Demografii, Al. Niepodlegosci 162, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland. Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

54:40535 Hussein, Salwa. Socio-economic disparities and internal migration among Egyptian governorates. In: Studies in African and Asian Demography: CDC Annual Seminar, 1987. CDC Research Monograph Series, No. 17, 1988. 199-247 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
The author studies the effect of socioeconomic variables on internal migration in Egypt, using 1976 census data, 1978 regional statistical indicators, and official health indicators for 1978. Regional differentials in socioeconomic development are quantified, and inter-governorate migration streams are examined separately for males and females. Among the conclusions, it is noted that "net-migration rates are strongly related to socio-economic conditions at the destination rather than at the origin areas."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40536 Kuijper, H. Continued increase of changes of residence in the Netherlands in 1986. [Ook in 1986 meer verhuizingen binnen Nederland.] Maandstatistiek van de Bevolking, Vol. 36, No. 5, May 1988. 13-8 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
Trends in residential mobility in 1986 in the Netherlands are analyzed, with a focus on the phenomenon of persons moving home. The number of moves increased 15 percent over 1981, the greatest increase being in moves within a single municipality. A distinction is made between individual and household moves, and differences in mobility rates among provinces are noted.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40537 Liaw, Kao-Lee; Schuur, Jan. Application of a generalized nested logit model to the explanation of interprovincial migration in the Netherlands: an analysis based on housing survey data. Working Papers of the NIDI, No. 76, May 1988. ix, 37 pp. Netherlands Interuniversity Demographic Institute [NIDI]: The Hague, Netherlands. In Eng.
"A generalized nested logit model is applied in this study to a 1981 housing survey micro data base to explain interprovincial migration in the Netherlands by personal factors and ecological variables. Since the migration information comes from questions on the last move (rather than on the residence x years ago), the specification of migration indices and personal attributes is more complicated than in the case of American or Canadian [censuses]. However, we have found quite a few statistically significant and substantively meaningful explanatory variables."
Correspondence: NIDI, P.O. Box 11650, Lange Houtstraat 19, 2502 AR The Hague, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40538 Long, Larry. Migration and residential mobility in the United States. The Population of the United States in the 1980s: A Census Monograph Series, ISBN 0-87154-555-1. LC 88-15758. 1988. xviii, 397 pp. Russell Sage Foundation: New York, New York. In Eng.
"The major goal of this book is to integrate and communicate the trends and patterns of geographical mobility within the United States, as revealed by decennial censuses since 1940 and major national surveys conducted during those decades." Chapters are included on national and state migration rates; return and repeat interstate migration; interregional migration, race, and public policy; metropolitan and nonmetropolitan mobility; reasons for moving; and international comparisons of geographical mobility.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40539 Long, Larry; Tucker, C. Jack; Urton, William L. Migration distances: an international comparison. Demography, Vol. 25, No. 4, Nov 1988. 633-40 pp. Alexandria, Virginia. In Eng.
"Comparing the level or amount of migration within different countries has been a longstanding problem because the local administrative areas commonly used as the basis for measuring migration vary greatly in size and significance within and between countries. Distance moved is a critical aspect of most concepts of migration, and measuring it would facilitate cross-national comparisons. Apparently only the United States, Great Britain, and Sweden have measured migration distances for the country as a whole, and this information is used as the basis for comparative analysis of spatial mobility."
Correspondence: L. Long, Center for Demographic Studies, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40540 Menon, Ramdas. How Malaysian migrants pre-arrange employment. Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 72, No. 4, Jul 1988. 257-9 pp. Los Angeles, California. In Eng.
"This paper examines Malaysian migrants to determine their tendency to pre-arrange migration [for employment]. They tend to do so, often through personal contacts, but also through advertisements and employment agencies." Data are from the Malaysian Family Life Survey of 1976-1977.
Correspondence: R. Menon, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

54:40541 Odland, J. Sources of change in the process of population redistribution in the United States, 1955-1980. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 20, No. 6, Jun 1988. 789-809 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"A framework for the investigation of changes in a continuing process of population redistribution [in the United States] is introduced in this paper....Changes in migration behavior are the major source of change in redistribution patterns, and incremental logit models are used to test the hypothesis that changes in migration behavior are responsive to changes in the localization of employment and changes in the demography of the population....The results support the hypothesis that patterns of population redistribution in the 1970s differed substantially from the patterns of earlier decades." Data are from official and other published sources.
Correspondence: J. Odland, Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).

54:40542 Odland, John; Ellis, Mark. Household organization and the interregional variation of out-migration rates. Demography, Vol. 25, No. 4, Nov 1988. 567-79 pp. Alexandria, Virginia. In Eng.
"The central issue in many investigations of migration is the nature of the covariation between migration rates and such localized variables as wages or unemployment....We concentrate on the effects of household size on this covariation and develop a general model of out-migration decisions for multiperson households. This model indicates that the process of forming an internal agreement may cause households of different sizes to respond to variation in local conditions in different ways. These household size effects may complicate the relation between local conditions and out-migration rates. We investigate this possibility with data from the U.S. Census Public Use Micro-Sample for 1980....Our results indicate that larger households exhibit a relatively greater range of responses to the same range of local conditions and that some regions have high out-migration rates not simply because local conditions favor out-migration but also because larger households exhibit more extreme responses to those conditions."
Correspondence: J. Odland, Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40543 Rathor, Indel S.; Premi, M. K. Poverty, development and patterns of rural male outmigration in Uttar Pradesh. Population Geography, Vol. 8, No. 1-2, Jun-Dec 1986. 27-37 pp. Chandigarh, India. In Eng.
"The present paper is an attempt to develop a method to estimate an index of rural male outmigration (RMOM) and to explain change in the patterns and intensity of RMOM in Uttar Pradesh [India] occurring since 1961....During [the] 1961-71 decade the disparities in rural male outmigration were observed increasing but slowed down during [the] 1971-1981 decade." The impact of cultural and economic factors is noted.
Correspondence: I. S. Rathor, Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development, Chandigarh, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40544 Reitsma, Rene F.; Vergoossen, Dick. A causal typology of migration: the role of commuting. Regional Studies, Vol. 22, No. 4, Aug 1988. 331-40 pp. New York, New York/Cambridge, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
"The article concentrates on migration typologies and the role they play in the analysis of residential and labour migration. It is argued that in order to be able to understand the decisions individuals make regarding migration, the spatial adjustments as a consequence of the spatial separation of residence and workplace should be investigated. One way of obtaining more insight about these adjustment processes is by analysis of the influence of actual and perceived commuting on the decision to move. The suggested typology of residential and labour migration therefore contains commuting as the key factor. As an empirical application of the concepts, an analysis of actual migration in the Netherlands was undertaken."
Correspondence: R. F. Reitsma, Department of Geography, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9044, 6500 KD Nijmegen, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).

54:40545 Reyes Moyano, Jorge; Loza Martinez, Gloria. Internal migration in Peru for departments and provinces. The period: 1976-1981. [Las migraciones internas en el Peru por departamentos y provincias. Periodo: 1976-1981.] Boletin de Analisis Demografico, No. 30, Nov 1987. iv, 152 pp. Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Direccion General de Demografia: Lima, Peru. In Spa.
Trends in internal migration in Peru are analyzed for the period 1976-1981. Data from the 1981 census are used to examine interdepartmental and interprovincial movements, with a focus on volume and intensity of migration, sex and age distribution of migrants, and principal migratory flows.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40546 Twomey, J. Local authority fiscal stance and the pattern of residential migration in the north west of England. Applied Economics, Vol. 19, No. 10, Oct 1987. 1,391-401 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The degree of fiscal mobility present in household migration flows between local authority areas in northwestern England is assessed. Following an introduction, the paper is divided into three sections. "The first reviews the methodologies of previous attempts to assess the extent of fiscally induced migration, noting the dominance of American studies, and outlines a choice-theoretic structure within which it is possible to model human migration patterns. Section III considers the problems inherent in modelling migration flows, and Section IV presents results for a Compound Poisson analysis of migration between local authority areas within the four counties of the North West region of England, as well as an assessment of the prevalence of fiscal mobility."
Correspondence: J. Twomey, Department of Economics, Manchester Polytechnic, Aytoun Building, Aytoun Street, Manchester, MI 3GH, England. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

54:40547 United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP] (Bangkok, Thailand). Internal migration and structural changes in the labour force. Asian Population Studies Series, No. 90; ST/ESCAP/630, 1988. ix, 69 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
Trends in internal migration and the labor force in the Republic of Korea and Thailand between 1975 and 1980 are analyzed using published migration tables based on the 1980 population and housing censuses of the two countries, as well as "survey data on labour force status and occupation prior to and after migration to urban or rural areas...." Information is included for each country on structural changes in the economy, the impact of migration on changes in major industrial and occupational categories, and policy recommendations.
Correspondence: ESCAP, United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40548 United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP] (Bangkok, Thailand). Trends in migration and urbanization in selected ESCAP countries. Asian Population Studies Series, No. 89; ST/ESCAP/617, 1988. viii, 50 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
Trends in internal migration and urbanization in selected ESCAP countries are analyzed using census and survey data for the Republic of Korea, Thailand, and Pakistan. Separate chapters for each country contain information on recent social and economic development, urbanization, and migration.
Correspondence: ESCAP, United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40549 Weisberg, Y.; Eaglstein, A. S. An analytical paradigm for the analysis of national inmigration patterns. International Migration/Migrations Internationales/Migraciones Internacionales, Vol. 26, No. 3, Sep 1988. 253-66 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"It is the central purpose of this study to propose and demonstrate an analytic paradigm which is based upon a substantive categorization of a set of inmigration correlates [in Israel]....1983 census macro-data were gathered from the Central Bureau of Statistics (1984) for the Israeli towns with populations of at least 5,000 the majority of whom were Jews. This resulted in a sample of 61 towns."
Correspondence: Y. Weisberg, Department of Economics and Business Administration, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

H.4. Settlement and Resettlement

54:40550 Evers, Hans-Dieter; Clauss, Wolfgang; Gerke, Solvay. Population dynamics, ethnic relations and trade among Javanese transmigrants in East Kalimantan. Population Studies Center Research Report Series, No. 48, Jan 1988. 36 pp. Gadjah Mada University, Population Studies Center: Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In Eng.
These are the results of a study conducted in 1986 in transmigration settlements in Kutai district, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The authors note the rapid emergence and change of social and economic patterns among transmigrant societies, and that many of these patterns originated in pre-migration times. Consideration is also given to the population dynamics of the transmigrant communities.
Correspondence: Population Studies Center, Gadjah Mada University, Bulaksumur G-7, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40551 Haque, Chowdhury E. Impacts of river bank erosion on population displacement in the lower Brahmaputra (Jamuna) floodplain. Population Geography, Vol. 8, No. 1-2, Jun-Dec 1986. 1-16 pp. Chandigarh, India. In Eng.
"This study has attempted to focus on dimensions and impacts of displacement by river bank erosion in the lower Brahmaputra (Jamuna) floodplain of Bangladesh. Based on a survey of 547 randomly selected households, it was observed that about two thirds of the floodplain inhabitants were displaced at least once in their life time." The socioeconomic consequences are discussed, and implications for development planning are considered.
Correspondence: C. E. Haque, Department of Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40552 Otten, Mariel. Transmigrasi: myths and realities. Indonesian resettlement policy, 1965-1985. IWGIA Document, No. 57, LC 87-144670. Oct 1986. 254 pp. International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs [IwGIA]: Copenhagen, Denmark. In Eng.
The transmigration program in Indonesia is critically reviewed. The study begins with a short history of resettlement policy since 1905, followed by an overview of the program. The second part describes the recruitment and selection of migrants, site selection and preparation, and transmigrant settlement. In Part 3, the achievements of the program are reviewed, including demographic impact, regional development, national integration and unity, and national security. A final chapter sums up past errors and future perspectives.
Correspondence: IWGIA, Foilstraede 10, DK 1171 Copenhagen K, Denmark. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40553 World Bank (Washington, D.C.). Indonesia: the transmigration program in perspective. A World Bank Country Study, ISBN 0-8213-1092-5. LC 88-20533. Jun 1988. xlii, 227, [4] pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This report, initiated in 1985 by the World Bank to review the transmigration program in Indonesia, analyzes changes in migrant incomes and economic returns over the past six years to determine the success of the program. It looks at the effects of the program on employment generation, demographic change, and regional development, as well as its environmental and social impact. The study also examines the problems that the Indonesian government faced with the structure and implementation of the program itself. The report presents a number of recommendations on the transmigration program made by the Bank and accepted by the Indonesian government.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

H.5. Temporary Migration

54:40554 Beaujot, Roderic; Rappak, J. Peter. Emigration from Canada: its importance and interpretation. [L'emigration du Canada: importance et interpretation.] Population Working Paper, No. 4, Pub. Order No. WH-5-112. [1987?]. [182] pp. Employment and Immigration Canada, Policy and Program Development, Immigration: Ottawa, Canada. In Eng; Fre.
The authors "estimate the importance of emigration [from Canada] and...suggest interpretations of this population movement. In particular, we elaborate on the link between immigration and emigration....[They note that] an important component of emigration involves the subsequent departure of immigrants themselves. Based on data from Employment and Immigration Canada on the flow of immigrants and from the Census...,we have estimated that close to 25 per cent have departed after 10 years. Departures are somewhat higher for immigrants from countries culturally similar to Canada and for persons who are over 50 years of age on arrival."
Correspondence: Employment and Immigration Canada, Place du Portage, Phase IV, 140 Promenade du Portage, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0J9, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40555 Galey, Karen. Elderly migration patterns to and from the South. A comparative analysis of six black and white groups. Center for the Study of Population Working Paper, No. 88-50, 1988. [27] pp. Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Center for the Study of Population: Tallahassee, Florida. In Eng.
"This paper examines return migration of the elderly black population in the [U.S.] South, making comparisons with the elderly white population....Particular emphasis is paid to the southern states as it has been this region where rates of return migration, especially for older blacks, have been increasing due to a turnaround of the great South-to-North migration of blacks during this century." Recent literature on the subject is reviewed. Data from the 1980 U.S. Public Use Microdata Sample are used to identify demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of migrants who return to their place of origin and those who do not.
Correspondence: Center for the Study of Population, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4036. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40556 Goldstein, Alice. Temporary migration in Southeast Asia and China: new forms of traditional behavior. PSTC Reprint Series, No. 88-10, Nov 1988. 30 pp. Brown University, Population Studies and Training Center: Providence, Rhode Island. In Eng.
"This paper examines temporary mobility in three countries of Asia--Indonesia, Thailand, and the People's Republic of China--to assess the historical antecedents of current forms of movement. In doing so, it has been necessary to rely on quite fragmentary evidence, since data on non-permanent forms of movement are scarce....The available evidence suggests that temporary movement in these three countries has a long history, that it was undertaken for a variety of purposes, and that the political situation was often instrumental in determining its level and type."
Correspondence: Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40557 Lucas, Robert E. B. Guest worker emigration and remittances. In: World population trends and their impact on economic development, edited by Dominick Salvatore. 1988. 125-38 pp. Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
The author reviews the three major guest-worker programs in the world today, which cover the European Economic Community, the Persian Gulf, and South Africa. "The first section deals with the decisions to emigrate and to remit; the second section considers certain aspects of the demand for guest workers; and the third section turns to the economic consequences for the labor-supplying countries."
Correspondence: R. E. B. Lucas, Department of Economics, Boston University, 147 Bay State Road, Boston, MA 02215. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40558 Serow, William J.; Charity, Douglas A. Return migration of the elderly in the United States: recent trends. Research on Aging, Vol. 10, No. 2, Jun 1988. 155-68 pp. Newbury Park, California. In Eng.
"Patterns of return migration among the elderly in the United States during 1975-1980 were researched and updated. Regional trends are compared to those from previous decades. Differences in elderly migration according to age, gender, and marital status and the role of characteristics of state of birth are also considered."
Correspondence: W. J. Serow, Center for the Study of Population, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4063. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

54:40559 Weller, Robert H.; Serow, William J.; Wieser, Kevin. Return migration and metropolitan-nonmetropolitan population composition. Center for the Study of Population Working Paper, No. 89-51, [1988]. 13 pp. Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Center for the Study of Population: Tallahassee, Florida. In Eng.
The authors analyze trends in return migration to Puerto Rico from the United States. Issues considered include the extent to which migrants return to their place of birth, socioeconomic differences between those who return to their place of birth and those who do not, and the impact of return migration on the island's population distribution and on the characteristics of its metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. Data are from a survey of women aged 15-49 who were living in Puerto Rico in 1982.
Correspondence: Center for the Study of Population, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4036. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40560 Wieser, Kevin. Return migration in Puerto Rico: a study of two groups. Center for the Study of Population Working Paper, No. 88-47, 1988. 27, [9] pp. Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Center for the Study of Population: Tallahassee, Florida. In Eng.
"This study examines return migration in Puerto Rico. Two different groups of return migrants are considered, those who return to their birthplace and those who return elsewhere on the island....[The author attempts to determine] whether or not those returning elsewhere have higher socioeconomic characteristics than those returning to their birthplace. The study utilizes data for women ages 15-49 years of age from a survey of 3,175 women living in Puerto Rico in 1982. Variables that convey marriage, husband's occupation and education are taken into account....A range of sociodemographic variables are examined to investigate similarities and differences between these two groups of return migrants. From this it was found that return migrants are a heterogeneous group based upon the place of return destination."
Correspondence: Center for the Study of Population, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4063. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

H.6. Rural-Urban Migration

54:40561 Asian Population and Development Association (Tokyo, Japan). Report on the survey of rural population and agricultural development in Asian countries: Thailand. Population and Development Series, No. 4, Mar 1986. 85 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
These are the results of a 1984 survey carried out in six low-income districts of Bangkok, Thailand. The primary focus of the survey was rural-urban migration, with an emphasis on obtaining data concerning the place of birth of some 2,000 current residents of urban squatter areas. Extensive tabular data are provided on age and sex distribution, heads of households, educational status, family composition, labor force and employment status, income, morbidity, family planning, residence characteristics, standard of living, and place of birth.
Correspondence: Asian Population and Development Association, Nagatacho TBR Building, Room 710, 10-2 Nagatacho 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40562 Bretz, Manfred. City migrations today--migration between cities, other parts of the Federal Republic, and foreign countries. Materialien zur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, No. 56, 1988. 73-87 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Eng.
The author analyzes trends in urban migration in the Federal Republic of Germany from 1970 to 1984, with a focus on internal movements. The current and long-term migration balance of large cities is first outlined. The extent of migration between adjoining districts within the same region is then compared with migration to and from other regions of the country.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40563 Holzer, Jerzy Z. Studies on the migration of the rural population. [Studia nad migracjami ludnosci wiejskiej.] Monografie i Opracowania, No. 216, LC 87-115383. 1986. 254 pp. Szkola Glowna Planowania i Statystyki, Instytut Statystyki i Demografii: Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The impact of the rural infrastructure in Poland on rural-urban migration is examined using data from official sources for the years 1981-1983. In general, the results indicate that out-migration is more prevalent from the most underdeveloped rural areas.
Correspondence: Szkola Glowna Planowania i Statystyki, Instytut Statystyki i Demografii, Al. Niepodlegolsci 162, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland. Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

54:40564 Salvatore, Dominick. Internal migration, urbanization, and economic development. In: World population trends and their impact on economic development, edited by Dominick Salvatore. 1988. 79-94 pp. Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
"This chapter first presents some data on population growth, rural-urban migration, and urban unemployment in developing countries in order to provide an overall view of the dimension of the problem that these nations face. Subsequently, various models of rural-urban migration are presented, evaluated, and reformulated. Finally, various policies are advanced and evaluated for dealing with the serious urban unemployment and underemployment problem facing most developing countries today."
Correspondence: D. Salvatore, Department of Economics, Fordham University, Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40565 Streiffeler, Friedhelm; Mudimba, Mbaya; Odia, N.; Kasolwa, K.; Rwishema, K.; Mboyo, K. Village, city, and migration in Zaire. A psycho-sociological survey on the migration of the peoples of the subregion of Tshopo to the city of Kisangani. [Village, ville et migration au Zaire. Enquete psycho-sociologique sur le mouvement des populations de la Sous-Region de la Tshopo a la ville de Kisangani.] Collection Alternatives Paysannes, ISBN 2-85802-782-X. LC 87-162096. 1986. 178 pp. Editions l'Harmattan: Paris, France. In Fre.
Reasons for migration or nonmigration from rural to urban areas in Zaire are analyzed, with emphasis on the social rather than economic factors affecting migration. The study is based on research conducted in the rural area of Tshopo and the city of Kisangani. The rural sample consisted of 753 individuals and the urban sample comprised 341 individuals. The authors conclude that the attraction of the city has relatively little impact on migration but that push factors in the villages of origin play a major role. These include the abuse of power by the village elders, witchcraft, and the lack of infrastructure.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.