54:30671 Al Dakkak,
Mohamed S. The interaction between the legislative policy
and the population problem in Egypt. Population Bulletin of ESCWA,
No. 30, Jun 1987. 83-94 pp. Baghdad, Iraq. In Eng.
The demographic
situation in Egypt is discussed, with particular attention given to
factors influencing the high birth rate and the population's
distribution. Religious, social, health, and economic determinants of
the fertility rate are discussed, with a focus on women's status.
Probable outcomes of laws to regulate age at marriage, polygamy,
divorce, and family planning are
considered.
Correspondence: M. S. Al Dakkak, Department of
International Law, Alexandria University, 22 El-Geish Avenue,
El-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:30672 Dechesne,
Jean-Louis. Population policy in Nazi Germany. [La
politique de population de l'Allemagne nazie.] Politiques de
Population: Etudes et Documents, Vol. 3, No. 2, ISBN 2-87085-137-5.
Jan 1988. 117 pp. CIACO Editeur: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Fre.
with sum. in Eng.
An overview of population policies in Nazi
Germany in the 1930s is provided. Following a summary of the
demographic situation in Germany in 1933, attention is given to the
ideology of Nazi leaders concerning population issues, the family, and
the role of women. The author then "attempts to draw up an inventory
as large as possible of the measures, direct and indirect, traditional
or not, the Third Reich took in the field of population. They go from
marriage incentives to family and birth allowances, through the
amelioration of dwelling conditions, sanitary measures, day-nurseries
or the amelioration of the living conditions of the peasantry. But they
include also human studfarms, abductions, researches on twins,
artificial insemination, the [promotion] of out of wedlock conceptions,
the easing of the divorce law, etc. They were counterbalanced
by...marriage control, eugenic abortion and sterilization, mass
imprisonment, forced migrations, racial and political murders, capital
executions, euthanasia, etc." Contradictory policies and points of
view are discussed.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:30673 Demeny,
Paul. Social science and population policy. Center
for Policy Studies Working Paper, No. 138, May 1988. 40 pp. Population
Council, Center for Policy Studies: New York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper presents arguments that call for a rethinking and
redesign of institutional arrangements that now relegate
policy-oriented social science work related to population issues in the
developing world to the performance of technical functions servicing
existing population programs. To the extent that programs do need such
technical services, they can, and obviously will and should, continue
to purchase them along with other program inputs. But monitoring and
analyzing the process that more than doubled the world population since
mid-century, assessing and understanding its causes and consequences,
and not the least, observing and evaluating actual and potential policy
approaches aimed at influencing demographic change, call for
systematic, rigorous, and independent social science research efforts
that cannot be conducted as activities ancillary to existing population
programs."
Correspondence: Center for Policy Studies,
Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30674 Hecht,
Jacqueline. Population policies and intervention on
natality in Eastern Europe (Part 1). [Politiques de population et
action sur la natalite en Europe de l'Est (1ere partie).] Politiques de
Population: Etudes et Documents, Vol. 2, No. 4, ISBN 2-87085-094-8.
Nov 1986. 7-51 pp. CIACO Editeur: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Fre.
with sum. in Eng.
This is an overview of population policies and
their underlying doctrines in Eastern European countries since World
War II. The author describes three chronological stages: "an orthodox
populationist stage, from 1945 to 1955...; a phase of liberalization of
abortion and at times of contraception from 1955 to 1965; and from this
latter date, as a reaction against the accelerated decline of
fertility, a phase of abortion and divorce restriction and of growing
aid to family, likewise [marked] by the creation of National Population
Committees and Institutes of Demographic Research." The countries of
Eastern Europe are divided into three classifications: those with no
population policy (Albania only); those with indirect measures,
including Poland, Yugoslavia, and the USSR; and those with explicit,
quantitative demographic goals, including Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the
German Democratic Republic, Hungary, and Romania. The effectiveness of
selected population policies is assessed.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30675 Hecht,
Jacqueline; Henripin, Jacques; Ivanov, Serguei; There,
Christine. Population policies and intervention on
natality in Eastern Europe. Part 2: classified bibliography.
[Politiques de population et action sur la natalite en Europe de l'Est.
2eme partie: bibliographie thematique.] Politiques de Population:
Etudes et Documents, Vol. 3, No. 1, ISBN 2-87085-118-9. Jun 1987. 5-87
pp. CIACO Editeur: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Fre.
This is an
unannotated bibliography of literature concerning Eastern European
population policies, with an emphasis on policies pertaining to
fertility. The bibliography is organized into two sections: the first
is devoted to population theories and policies, fertility,
contraception, and abortion; the second presents citations by country.
An author index is included. Eastern Europe is defined as including
Albania, the USSR, and Yugoslavia.
For Part 1, published in 1986,
see elsewhere in this issue.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:30676 Hooz,
Istvan. Some theoretical questions of population
policy. [A nepesedespolitika nehany elmeleti kerdese.] Demografia,
Vol. 30, No. 1, 1987. 11-26 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in
Eng; Rus.
Some theoretical considerations concerning the
development of population policies are explored. The author notes that
the objectives of such policies might include the acceleration or
slowing down of the rate of population growth, changes in population
structure, or changes in spatial distribution. The elements of
policies designed to meet these varied objectives are described,
including economic measures such as the provision of health, education,
and child care services at reduced or no cost, tax incentives, child
allowances; and legal measures, such as laws designed to protect the
family and control employment. The need to develop public opinion to
support population policies is noted. Problems concerning the
evaluation of the impact of such policies are also
considered.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30677 Keyfitz,
Nathan. Why population policy is not always
effective. Politiques de Population: Etudes et Documents, Vol. 2,
No. 2, ISBN 2-87085-045-X. Feb 1985. 57-72 pp. CIACO Editeur:
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
The reasons
why population policies are difficult to evaluate are discussed. It is
the author's assertion that these policies concern two overlapping but
incompatible subsystems, involving the objectives of the state and
those of individual families. He also shows that population policy
goals can be in conflict with the goals of other social policies. The
situation is further complicated by lack of knowledge about how to
connect a selected objective with a specific instrument of policy and
by the tendency of policy measures to generate unforeseen results. The
geographical scope of the study is worldwide.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30678 Lal, Sheo
K.; Chandani, Ambika. India's population policy: critical
issues for future. LC 87-904318. 1987. xxiv, 180 pp. Twenty-First
Century Publishers: Meerut, India. In Eng.
This is a collection of
21 papers by various authors that were presented at a seminar entitled
India's Population Policy: Critical Issues for Future, held at
Jodhpur, Rajasthan, November 16-18, 1985. The papers are grouped under
three main headings: critical issues concerning national population
policy, population control, and family welfare; population dynamics and
development, population processes, environment, and quality of life;
and population education. Special lectures are included on population
education, health and nutrition in planned and unplanned families, and
data collection in the census.
Location: U.S. Library of
Congress, Washington, D.C.
54:30679 Livenais,
Patrick. Scientific population policies? On how to appear
to be what one is not...and not to appear to be what one is (J. P.
Sartre's definition of hypocrisy). [Les politiques scientifiques
de population? Ou "comment etre ce que l'on n'est pas...et ne pas etre
ce que l'on est" (definition de l'hypocrisie de J. P. Sartre).]
Politiques de Population: Etudes et Documents, Vol. 2, No. 4, ISBN
2-87085-094-8. Nov 1986. 53-85 pp. CIACO Editeur: Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The author suggests that most of
the population policies in developing countries since World War II are
based on unproven scientific argument. Such arguments disguise the
inadequacy of current knowledge concerning the relationship between
population and development. He notes that the practical implication of
such policies has generally been confined to the creation of a family
planning program designed to reduce fertility. The need for the
development of a new politically oriented demography is
stressed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30680 Mali.
Direction Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Informatique (Bamako,
Mali); Institut de Formation et de Recherche Demographiques [IFORD]
(Yaounde, Cameroon). Proceedings of the national seminar
on population policies in Mali (Bamako, March 22-26, 1983). [Actes
du seminaire national sur les politiques de population au Mali (Bamako,
22-26 mars 1983).] [1983]. 432 pp. Bamako, Mali. In Fre.
These are
the proceedings of the first seminar on population policy held in
Bamako, Mali, in March 1983. The objectives of the seminar were to
examine the administrative implications of integrating demographic
considerations into the development process and to increase awareness
among planners, decision makers, and researchers of the need to
develop, implement, and evaluate population policies in the context of
development.
Location: Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques, Paris, France.
54:30681 O'Haire,
Hugh. The "land of a thousand hills" adopts a population
policy. Populi, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1988. 26-34 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
Population growth and the recent adoption of a
population policy in Rwanda are discussed. The author notes the
influence of the Catholic church and traditional Rwandan values on the
country's previous reluctance to develop such a policy. A review of
the government's efforts, including the formation of its planning
agency, l'Office National de la Population (ONAPO), is followed by an
interview with the director of the agency, Madame Habimana
Gaudence.
Correspondence: H. O'Haire, Populi, United
Nations Population Fund, 220 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30682 Pelet,
Jean-Marie. Updating of the tables from the study by J. C.
Chasteland. Population policies in the third world eight years after
Bucharest: hopes and realities. [Mise a jour des tableaux de
l'etude de J. C. Chasteland. Les politiques de population dans le
Tiers Monde huit ans apres Bucarest: espoirs et realites.] Politiques
de Population: Etudes et Documents, Vol. 2, No. 3, Jul 1986. 73-86 pp.
CIACO Editeur: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Fre.
The author
provides updates for 1985 for eight tables published in an earlier
study by Jean-Claude Chasteland concerning perceptions and realities of
population dynamics in developing countries. Information is presented
in tabular form on perceived and observed rates of population growth,
population policies, quantitative goals for fertility reduction,
official government positions on observed life expectancies and
fertility rates, access to family planning, and government viewpoints
concerning population distribution and migration. Some of the data are
provided for regions of the world and some for selected developing
countries.
For the article by Chasteland, published in 1984, see
49:30654.
Correspondence: J.-M. Pelet, Population
Division, United Nations, New York, NY 10017. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30683 United
Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs (New
York, New York). Case studies in population policy:
Kuwait. Population Policy Paper, No. 15; ST/ESA/SER.R/82, 1988.
viii, 59 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This publication is one
in a series of country case studies being prepared by the Population
Division of the Department of International Economic and Social Affairs
of the United Nations Secretariat that focus on selected issues in the
formulation, implementation and evaluation of population policies in
various developing and developed countries." The present study
concerns Kuwait and is based on censuses for selected years from 1957
to 1985. "In most developing countries, population growth is due to
relatively high fertility [but] in Kuwait, it is the increasing rate of
in-migration that is responsible....Economic as well as social factors
have led to the creation of a national minority in Kuwait. This study
investigates many of the State's pronatalist policies, which have
sought to encourage a rise in Kuwaiti fertility rates, and its labour
policies, which have attempted to curb the increase in foreign migrants
to the country." Some suggestions for policy reform are
included.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30684 United
Nations. Secretariat (New York, New York). International
co-operation in the area of population. Population Bulletin of the
United Nations, No. 21-22, 1988. 70-7 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
Official government responses collected in a 1983 U.N. survey
concerning experiences with and perceived needs for cooperation in
population programs are discussed. "This paper analyses in detail the
responses received, on a regional and interregional basis, and
derives...a pattern of past and future population technical
co-operation priorities that correlates well across most regions as
well as with the statement of priorities issued in the Report of the
International Conference on Population. For example, all of the major
developing regions except Asia and the Pacific assigned highest
priority to basic demographic data collection, analysis, and associated
training, leading to the formulation, implementation and evaluation of
population policies and programmes, while the area of family planning
programmes was ranked lowest in priority, except in the Asia and
Pacific region."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:30685 Anichkin,
A. B. Demographic policy in France.
[Demograficheskaya politika vo Frantsii.] Sotsiologicheskie
Issledovaniya, Vol. 14, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1987. 74-82 pp. Moscow, USSR. In
Rus.
The pronatalist policies that have been adopted in France over
the past century are described. The author notes that the original
policy approach, involving the prohibition of contraception and
abortion, was succeeded by an approach based on encouraging births
through family allowances. The author estimates that the pronatalist
measures adopted have increased the fertility rate by about 10
percent.
Correspondence: A. B. Anichkin, Institute of
Sociological Research, ul Krzhizhanovskogo 24/35 korpus 5, 117259
Moscow, USSR. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
54:30686 Chaudhry,
Mahinder. Population policy and fertility behavior in
India. May 1988. iii, 122 pp. Royal Military College of Canada:
Kingston, Canada. In Eng.
The effect of India's voluntary family
planning program of fertility behavior is examined. Data are from
national censuses and other official sources and cover the period
1951-1984, with some comparative figures from selected earlier years;
projections up to the year 2000 are also included. Variables affecting
fertility behavior are discussed, including mean age at marriage, widow
remarriage, contraceptive use, coital frequency, age-sex composition,
induced abortion, and sterility. There is also a brief analysis of son
preference in India. The author finds that although India's birth rate
has stalled since the mid-1970s, "the cumulative total of the births
averted up to 1984-85 exceeds 68 million; and the contraceptive
protection is enjoyed by over one-third of all the eligible couples
(those with wives in the age group of 15-44 years) out of a total of
126 million. The population policy is considered a qualified success."
Predictions for future trends in India's population growth rate are
included for state and Union territories.
Correspondence:
M. Chaudhry, Department of Political and Economic Science, Royal
Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario K7K 5L0, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30687 David,
Henry P.; Fleischhacker, Jochen; Hohn, Charlotte. Abortion
and eugenics in Nazi Germany. Population and Development Review,
Vol. 14, No. 1, Mar 1988. 81-112, 220-2 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This article reviews and summarizes widely
scattered evidence on abortion and eugenics in Nazi Germany. Following
an overview of abortion legislation from the beginnings of the German
Reich through the Weimar Republic and a brief perspective on the birth
control movement, sex education, and contraception, consideration is
given to the influence of demographic trends and notions of eugenics
and racial hygiene in evolving population policy. The Nazi years are
then discussed in terms of abortion and birth control policies and
practice in the period 1933-39 and in the war years 1939-45. The former
period was characterized by the suppression of the birth control
movement, increasing restrictions on grounds for legal abortion, and
severe penalization of performers of illegal abortions. During the
war, racial grounds were virtually the only basis for legal abortion,
numbers of illegal abortions rose abruptly, and penalties were severe.
Experiences in neighboring occupied countries mirrored, with some
variation, the German policies and
practices."
Correspondence: H. P. David, Transnational
Family Research Institute, 8307 Whitman Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30688 Festy,
Patrick. Fertility and demographic policy in Eastern
Europe. [Fecondite et politiques demographiques en Europe de
l'Est.] Politiques de Population: Etudes et Documents, Vol. 2, No. 3,
Jul 1986. 7-51 pp. CIACO Editeur: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Fre.
with sum. in Eng.
Fertility trends and policies in Eastern Europe
since World War II are examined. Particular attention is given to
demographic changes associated with policy changes intended to
liberalize or restrict abortions. The efficacy of pronatalist policies
is critically assessed.
Correspondence: P. Festy, Institut
National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 Rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris
Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:30689 Ryabushkin,
T. V. Population policy in a Socialist society.
[Demograficheskaya politika sotsialisticheskogo obshchestva.] LC
87-120466. 1986. 190 pp. Nauka: Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
This is a
collection of essays by various authors dealing with theoretical and
practical issues concerning population policies in Socialist countries.
The emphasis is on the effectiveness of alternative methods designed
to optimize demographic trends, particularly those designed to raise
fertility. The experience of Socialist countries in implementing such
policies is described. Sections are included on population theory,
policy evaluation, and regional aspects of population
policy.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington,
D.C.
54:30690 Blanchet,
Didier. Regulating the age structure of a population
through immigration. [Immigration et regulation de la structure
par age d'une population.] Population, Vol. 43, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1988.
293-309 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"This
paper examines the consequences of a demographic policy which would use
migration as a means to control the ratio of the working age population
to the population of retirees. It is shown that, if such a policy aims
at a short term stabilization of this ratio (by allowing each year the
number of immigrants which exactly compensates for retirements) it
generates waves of immigration of an increasing amplitude, both in
terms of crude numbers of immigrants and in terms of immigration rates.
This result is demonstrated analytically with two models, one in
discrete time, with four generations, and one in continuous time. It
is then illustrated by some projections made for the French
case."
Correspondence: D. Blanchet, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 Rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30691 Courgeau,
Daniel. Policies of spatial population
redistribution. [Politiques de redistribution spatiale de la
population.] Politiques de Population: Etudes et Documents, Vol. 2,
No. 1, ISBN 2-87085-042-5. Jan 1985. 80 pp. CIACO Editeur:
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
Population
redistribution policies and factors influencing them are examined using
examples from tribal, agricultural, industrial, and postindustrial
societies. Policy objectives and types of policies, including both
direct and indirect measures, are identified. The effectiveness of
spatial redistribution policies is assessed. A presentation by Hubert
Gerard (pp. 5-7) and comments by Jacques Henripin (pp. 71-7) are
included.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30692 Hammar,
Tomas. European immigration policy: a comparative
study. Comparative Ethnic and Race Relations, ISBN 0-521-26326-3.
LC 84-17477. 1985. xi, 319 pp. Cambridge University Press: New York,
New York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"This book presents a
comparative analysis of immigration policy in six countries: Sweden,
the Netherlands, Great Britain, France, Switzerland and the Federal
Republic of Germany....These six countries...have all experienced
large-scale postwar immigration, and they exemplify a range of
different policy responses." The first part of the book consists of
six case studies of the countries concerned, written in a common format
by different authors. The second part presents a comparative analysis
that deals with economy and ideology, immigration regulation, immigrant
policy, the policy-making process, and efforts toward
convergence.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
54:30693 Kim, Won
Bae. Population redistribution policy in Korea: a
review. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 7, No. 1,
1988. 49-77 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The paper reviews
Korean policies and programs for population redistribution, assesses
their effects in redressing the three major spatial imbalances--between
urban and rural, between regions, and between cities of different
sizes--and draws lessons for policy formation in [the Republic of]
Korea as well as in other countries which are considering such a
policy." Data are from official and other published sources and concern
rural-urban income differentials; provincial shares of production,
population, and employment, 1960-1980; urban population growth by city;
and manufacturing composition, growth, and spatial patterns by
subsector, 1966-1981.
Correspondence: W. B. Kim, East-West
Population Institute, East-West Center, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu,
HI 96848. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30694 Koot,
Willem. West Indians in the Netherlands: prospects of
return. [Les Antillais aux Pays-Bas: perspectives de retour.]
Revue Europeenne des Migrations Internationales, Vol. 3, No. 3, 1987.
117-27 pp. Poitiers, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The return
migration policy of the Netherlands and the probability of its success
are assessed, with the focus on migrants from the Netherlands Antilles.
Factors associated with return migration are studied using data from a
sample survey and from other published sources. Age, educational
status, and social welfare in the Netherlands show significant
correlations with desire to return to the Netherlands Antilles. "Those
who have actually returned belong to the higher social strata of the
migrant group; having a job in the West Indies matters much more to
them than housing conditions....It is concluded that the Netherlands
should increase their financial contribution to the system of social
welfare in the West Indies and even more so to the economic development
of these islands."
Correspondence: W. Koot, Faculty of
Social Sciences, University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC
Utrecht, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:30695 Kritz, Mary
M. International migration policies: conceptual
problems. International Migration Review, Vol. 21, No. 4, Winter
1987. 947-64 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"This article has
examined how states approach migration and how they define who is a
migrant. Policy modes toward three types of immigration were
examined--permanent, temporary, and illegal--for selected countries."
Data are from official and other published sources. The lack of
published material on migrant definitions used by states is noted, and
some recommendations for improving the data base on international
migration are made.
Correspondence: M. M. Kritz, Population
Sciences, Rockefeller Foundation, 1133 Avenue of the Americas, New
York, NY 10036. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30696 Poulain,
Michel. The measurement of international migration in
Belgium. International Migration Review, Vol. 21, No. 4, Winter
1987. 1,107-37 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"This article
examines legislation affecting international migration in Belgium, from
the perspective of two questions: 1) What types of migrants are
definable by legislation? and 2) What kinds of documents may be
utilized to compile statistics on international migration?" Attention
is given to several categories of aliens, including privileged
foreigners; foreign nationals from EEC member countries; refugees; and
foreign students. The measurement of international migration on the
basis of census data and annual population registers is
examined.
Correspondence: M. Poulain, Institut de
Demographie, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Place de l'Universite 1,
1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
