54:30606 Chu,
Chin-Yi. An income-specific stable population model:
theory and potential applications. Research in Population
Economics, Vol. 6, 1988. 337-66 pp. Greenwich, Connecticut/London,
England. In Eng.
"What we have shown in this paper is that
classifying people by their incomes is a promising alternative to
classifying people by their ages. Theoretically, this paper extends the
Becker-Willis micro-level, static fertility demand model to a
macro-level, dynamic population growth structure. Empirically, we also
showed that the model can be applied to analyzing the relations between
income distribution and population growth, average savings rate and
population growth as well as long-run population projections. Most
theoretical extensions made on Lotka's age-specific structure can be
similarly applied to our income-specific model."
This is a revised
version of a paper originally presented at the 1985 Annual Meeting of
the Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 51,
No. 3, Fall 1985, p. 456).
Correspondence: C.-Y. Chu,
Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30607 Doh,
Rainer; Senker, Wienfried. Population trends, the economic
system, and the industrialization process in southeastern Europe:
using the examples of Romania and Turkey.
[Bevolkerungsentwicklung, Wirtschaftsordnung und
Industrialisierungsprozess in Sudosteuropa: Dargestellt am Beispiel
der Lander Rumanien und Turkei.] Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft in
Sudosteuropa, No. 4, ISBN 3-88893-045-6. LC 87-140271. 1985. 486, 19
pp. Hieronymus: Munich, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger.
This
is a report on a research project conducted from April 1981 to December
1983 that examined the origins and economic aspects of demographic
processes in Romania and Turkey. Part 1 concerns Turkey and includes
sections on the demographic transition and its economic implications,
the social and political aspects of population trends, and a
statistical analysis of the relationships among socioeconomic and
demographic variables. Part 2 contains sections on population theory
and policy in socialist countries, Romanian population policy,
demographic structure and trends in Romania, and a statistical analysis
of demographic and socioeconomic developments. Data are from a variety
of official and other published sources.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30608 Ogawa,
Naohiro; Tsuya, Noriko O. Demographic change and human
resources development in Asia and the Pacific: an overall view.
NUPRI Research Paper Series, No. 40, Mar 1988. vi, 64 pp. Nihon
University, Population Research Institute: Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
The relationship between demographic change and economic growth in
Asia and the Pacific is examined. "In this paper, we first examine the
recent levels and trends of demographic factors such as fertility, life
expectancy, and infant mortality among countries at different stages of
economic development in the Asian and Pacific region, by heavily
drawing upon the macro-level data published by the World Bank and the
United Nations. We then analyze inter-temporal changes of
interrelations between these demographic factors and variables of human
resources development such as education, female labor force
participation, and proportion of agricultural labor force....After
analyzing the principal sources of recent economic growth in the
region, we next consider the differences in the role of human resources
in postwar economic development among the three sub-regions in Asia:
East Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. Finally, some of the
newly-emerging issues on human resources development in the region as a
whole are discussed."
Correspondence: Nihon University,
Population Research Institute, 3-2 Misaki-cho 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 101, Japan. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:30609 South,
Scott J. Sex ratios, economic power, and women's roles: a
theoretical extension and empirical test. Journal of Marriage and
the Family, Vol. 50, No. 1, Feb 1988. 19-31 pp. Saint Paul, Minnesota.
In Eng.
"The purpose of this article is to extend the sex ratio
theory to examine how women's economic power modifies the ways in which
imbalanced sex ratios affect women's roles. Specifically, we argue
that women's economic power will counteract the tendency for high sex
ratios to constrain women to occupy traditional roles as wives and
mothers. Following the theoretical elaboration of the sex ratio
thesis, an empirical test of this extension using data from 111
countries is reported. The results provide considerable support for
both the central propositions of the theory and for the hypotheses
suggested by the theoretical extension."
Correspondence: S.
J. South, Department of Sociology, Social Science 340, State University
of New York, Albany, NY 12222. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:30610 Williamson,
Jeffrey G. Capital deepening along the Asian Pacific
Rim. NUPRI Research Paper Series, No. 41, Mar 1988. vi, 31 pp.
Nihon University, Population Research Institute: Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
"This paper suggests a research strategy for exploring the sources
of growth along the Asian Pacific Rim [defined as Eastern and
Southeastern Asia] over the past and the next quarter century. The
paper stresses the human resource and capital-deepening connection
along the following lines: the positive impact of relatively
egalitarian distributions on accumulation; the impact of dependency
rates on conventional accumulation and the quality of human capital
(especially schooling); the impact of the rise in life expectancy on
attitudes towards investment in human capital; and the role of
relatively efficient labor markets on resource allocation and
accumulation."
Correspondence: Nihon University, Population
Research Institute, 3-2 Misaki-cho 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101,
Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30611 Basu, Alaka
M. How economic development can overcome culture:
demographic change in Punjab, India. Population Research and
Policy Review, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1988. 29-48 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands.
In Eng.
"This paper looks at the recent declines in fertility and
mortality that have occurred in the state of Punjab in India and
examines the evidence on the proposition that these have resulted from
changes in the sociocultural structure of Punjab--especially those
aspects of this structure which influence levels of female status. The
article concludes that in fact rates of birth and death (especially at
the older ages) have fallen in spite of the persistence of cultural
norms and practices that limit female autonomy and that should
therefore theoretically favour high fertility and mortality. It is
suggested that at this stage of the state's demographic transition it
might be more useful to look for causes in the relatively remarkable
economic prosperity that the area has witnessed in the last two
decades." Data are from official and other published
sources.
Correspondence: A. M. Basu, National Council of
Applied Economic Research, Parisila Bhawan, 11 Indraprastha Estate, New
Delhi 110 002, India. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:30612
Bhattacharyya, Dilip. Interaction between
macro-economic activities and demographic changes in selected
developing countries. Department of Economics Discussion Paper,
No. 66, Oct 1987. 26 pp. University of Leicester, Department of
Economics: Leicester, England. In Eng.
The author analyzes the
relationship between population and economic development in developing
countries using a macro-level model and short-term time-series data.
The variables considered are consumption expenditure, investment
expenditure, national income, and population; the countries examined
are India, Pakistan, Ethiopia, and the Central African Republic, with
the United Kingdom as a control. The time period covered is 1964-1980.
The results show little support for Malthusian theory and only partial
support for alternative theories asserting that population growth is
associated with technological progress.
Correspondence:
Department of Economics, University of Leicester, University Road,
Leicester LE1 7RH, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:30613 Bradshaw,
York W. Urbanization and underdevelopment: a global study
of modernization, urban bias, and economic dependency. American
Sociological Review, Vol. 52, No. 2, Apr 1987. 224-39 pp. Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
"The causes and effects of Third World urbanization
have been addressed in theories of modernization, urban bias, and
economic dependency, but no single cross-national study has tested the
arguments advanced by all three theories. This paper uses panel
regression analysis to assess the validity of the three perspectives in
sixty-one underdeveloped countries between 1960 and 1980. The results
provide some support for each theory and also contradict previous
studies that do not consider several important variables. Thus, future
studies must transcend current theoretical and ideological
particularism to avoid incomplete or false representations of
urbanization and underdevelopment." Data are from official and other
published sources.
Correspondence: Y. W. Bradshaw,
Department of Sociology, Ohio State University, 190 North Oval Mall,
Columbus, OH 43210-1353. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:30614 Budiarto,
Wasis; Ristrini. Economics and fertility: a popular
review related to family planning programs. [Ekonomi dan
fertilitas: suatu pembahasan populer sekitar program keluarga
berencana.] Majalah Demografi Indonesia/Indonesian Journal of
Demography, Vol. 14, No. 28, Dec 1987. v-vi, 1-13 pp. Jakarta,
Indonesia. In Ind. with sum. in Eng.
The author examines various
socioeconomic determinants of population growth in Indonesia.
Demographic transition and child demand theories are used to
demonstrate the relationship between economic conditions in a community
and number of births. The importance of income and educational status
for fertility reduction is noted. Suggestions for an improvement of
family planning programs are included.
Correspondence: W.
Budiarto, Pusar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan Depkes
R.I., J1. Indrapura 17, Surabaya, Indonesia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30615 Chesnais,
Jean-Claude. Population growth and development: an
unexplained boom. Population Bulletin of the United Nations, No.
21-22, 1988. 17-25 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Have the
unprecedented rates of population growth in the developing countries
over the past 30 years been an obstacle to their development, as has
been suggested by most of the writing on the subject? This paper
attempts to answer the question from an empirical approach, a review of
the existing studies on the subject, and from a more theoretical point
of view. It must be noted first that the available data since 1950 for
a number of selected developing countries do not support the view that
high rates of population growth have impeded rapid increases in the GDP
per capita....The past three decades, which historically have been the
period of maximum population growth for most of the developing
countries, have also been a period of exceptional growth in GDP per
capita." The author notes that the growth of GDP per capita is still
substantially higher in developing than developed countries, and that
in the case where this is not so, such as in Africa, the causes lie
elswhere than in rapid population growth. He concludes that population
growth and economic development are capable of reinforcing each other
and that rapid declines in mortality may be the key to successful
development.
For a related study published in French in 1985, see
51:20619.
Correspondence: J.-C. Chesnais, Institut
National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 Rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris
Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:30616 D'Souza,
Victor S. Does economic development necessarily lead to a
decline in population? Some contrary evidence. Journal of
Sociological Studies, No. 5, 1986. 77-94 pp. Jodhpur, India. In Eng.
This is a summary of a micro-level study conducted in three
villages in India to examine the impact of economic development on
population growth. The emphasis is on variables pertaining to social
structure, particularly occupational status. "It was found that there
was no significant relationship between level of income and
occupational prestige on the one hand and the size of the family on the
other in every village....The correlations between educational level of
the head of the household and the size of his family were....small and
because of the low levels of literacy they have not played any
significant role in the demographic change in any of the villages." The
author concludes that "if the parents try to restrict the size of their
families it is not so much because they do not derive...economic
benefits from their children but because thereby they hope to improve
the career prospects of their children."
Location: Center
for Research Libraries, Chicago, IL.
54:30617 Greenhalgh,
Susan. Land reform and family entrepreneurialism in East
Asia. Center for Policy Studies Working Paper, No. 134, Dec 1987.
58 pp. Population Council, Center for Policy Studies: New York, New
York. In Eng.
"This paper argues that the land reforms in East Asia
produced uniquely favorable economic and demographic results in large
part because of the micro-institutional context in which they were
carried out. Looking closely at three Chinese reforms--the Taiwan land
reform of 1949-53, the mainland Chinese land reform of 1945-52, and the
mainland rural reforms of 1979-present--the paper argues that by
changing the security/mobility structure of peasant life the reforms
removed the fetters on family entrepreneurship....The resulting
proliferation of family enterprises promoted relatively rapid economic
growth and diversification, urban-rural balance, and comparatively
rapid fertility decline in response to changes in the costs and
benefits of children."
Correspondence: Population Council,
Center for Policy Studies, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY
10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30618 Loriaux,
Michel. Economy, population, and population policy.
[Economie, population et politique demographique.] Politiques de
Population: Etudes et Documents, No. 3-4, ISBN 2-87085-041-7. Dec
1984. 171 pp. CIACO Editeur: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Fre. with
sum. in Eng.
A framework for designing and implementing population
policy in developing countries is discussed. Simple correlations
between population dynamics and economic development are critically
analyzed, and the use of large demo-socioeconomic models and integrated
population policies is favorably assessed. The author concludes that
it may be necessary for social change to precede economic development
and that the policy emphasis should be on meeting basic human needs for
food, housing, education, and health services.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30619 Mason,
Andrew. Saving, economic growth, and demographic
change. Population and Development Review, Vol. 14, No. 1, Mar
1988. 113-44, 221-3 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre;
Spa.
"This article reviews what has been learned about the
relationship between saving, investment, and economic growth in the
last 30 years. It asks how important a high rate of saving is to rapid
economic growth and whether rapid population growth impedes efforts to
raise the rate of saving....The experience of Japan and the United
States, among other countries, demonstrates that a higher rate of
investment leads to higher output per worker and a more rapid rate of
economic growth over an extended period. Reduced fertility and slower
population growth have contributed to the macroeconomic objective of
increased saving in a number of countries. Survey evidence,
international cross-sectional data, and time series studies of Asian
countries support the view that slower population growth leads to
higher saving. But the adverse impact of population growth on saving
is by no means universal. In a number of developing countries
available evidence fails to confirm the existence of a
population-saving link. Moreover, both economic theory and analysis of
aggregate saving data confirm that declining fertility may not lead to
higher saving, particularly in countries with stagnant or slowly
growing economies."
Correspondence: A. Mason, East-West
Population Institute, East-West Center, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu,
HI 96848. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30620 Mlia, J. R.
Ngoleka; Kalipeni, E. Population growth and national
development in Malawi. Malaysian Journal of Tropical Geography,
Vol. 15, Jun 1987. 39-48 pp. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In Eng.
The
relationship between population growth and socioeconomic development in
Malawi is explored. The authors note that although the government has
launched a program to encourage birth spacing, it does not recognize
the current rate of population growth as a problem. They suggest that
an extension of this program to encourage a reduction in fertility
would be beneficial to the country.
Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
54:30621 Nag,
Moni. The Kerala formula. World Health Forum, Vol. 9,
No. 2, 1988. 258-62 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng.
The author
examines aspects of the demographic situation in Kerala, India, where
socioeconomic indicators lag behind those of other states but low
fertility and mortality levels persist. "With a view to explaining
this paradox, the areas of land reform, social equity, education,
women's status, and health care--among others--have been examined in
both Kerala and West Bengal. Equity in health care and education are
undoubtedly important, but underlying factors also have to be taken
into account, notably the development of political awareness and action
among the masses."
Correspondence: M. Nag, Center for
Policy Studies, Population Council, 1 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York,
NY 10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30622 Nihon
University. Population Research Institute (Tokyo, Japan).
Summary of proceedings: Conference on ASEAN Development--Problems
and Prospects, September 28-30, 1987, Tokyo, Japan. Nov 1987. 36
pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
The proceedings of the September 1987
Conference on ASEAN Development--Problems and Prospects, which was
sponsored by Nihon University, are outlined and summarized. "In this
conference, following a special lecture, there were three major
sessions concerning: development and rural poverty; rural development
in ASEAN countries; and ASEAN development in comparative
perspectives....Brief summaries of the special lecture and each section
are made, and when possible, implications of the findings are also
included." The geographical focus is on Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia,
the Philippines, and Thailand.
Correspondence: Nihon
University, Population Research Institute, 3-2 Misaki-cho 1-chome,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:30623 Sembajwe,
Israel. Population change and development prospects in
Lesotho. Working Papers in Demography, No. 8, Nov 1986. iv, 39 pp.
National University of Lesotho, Department of Statistics, Demography
Unit: Maseru, Lesotho. In Eng.
The debate on the relationship
between population growth and socioeconomic development is discussed,
and the effect of population change on future socioeconomic development
in Lesotho is examined. Data are from official and published sources
and concern population densities for selected countries; assumed net
migration for member states of the U.N. Economic Commission for Africa;
and infant mortality, population growth, and age dependency ratios by
world region.
Correspondence: I. Sembajwe, National
University of Lesotho, Department of Statistics, Demography Unit, P.O.
Roma 180, Maseru, Lesotho. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:30624 Srinivasan,
T. N. Population growth and economic development.
Journal of Policy Modeling, Vol. 10, No. 1, Apr 1988. 7-28 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"Much of the concern about the deleterious
effect of a rapid growth of population on economic development is based
largely on the view that either household fertility decisions are
exogenous or, if endogenous, pervasive and significant externalities
distort them. It is argued that this view is mistaken and that many of
the alleged deleterious consequences result more from inappropriate
policies and institutions than from rapid population growth. Thus
policy reform and institutional change are called for, rather than
policy interventions in private fertility decisions to counter these
effects." The geographical focus is on developing
countries.
Correspondence: T. N. Srinivasan, Department of
Economics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
54:30625 United
Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs (New
York, New York). Assessing the demographic consequences of
major development projects: proceedings of a United Nations workshop,
New York, 1-4 December 1986. No. ST/ESA/SER.R/81, 1988. vi, 183
pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
These are the proceedings of a
workshop what was part of a research project implemented by the U.N.
Population Division. The focus of the workshop was on assessing the
demographic consequences of major development projects. "The present
volume is divided into two parts. Part one contains the report and
recommendations of the Workshop. Part two comprises the background
paper prepared by the Population Division and thematic papers
commissioned for the Workshop. They are grouped according to the
following topics: (a) general overview; (b) experiences of other
institutions with population impact analysis; and (c) methodological
and measurement issues in assessing the demographic consequences of
major development projects." The geographical focus is on developing
countries.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30626 Vasquez
Bazan, Cesar. Demographic trends, living conditions, and
population policy in Peru. [Tendencias demograficas, condiciones
de vida y politica de poblacion en el Peru.] Avances de Investigacion,
No. 16, 1987. v, 85 pp. Universidad de Lima, Centro de Investigaciones
Economicas y Sociales [CIESUL]: Lima, Peru. In Spa.
This study is
concerned with population trends in Peru and their impact on the living
standards of the population. The first chapter is concerned with
demographic trends, including fertility, mortality, age distribution,
and spatial distribution. The next chapter examines employment, income
distribution, and basic needs such as food, housing, health, and
education. In the final chapter, the bases for the development of a
population policy are considered.
Correspondence: CIESUL,
Prolongacion Javier Prado s/n, Monterrico, Apartado 852, Lima, Peru.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30627 Bae,
Hwa-Ock. Changing family structure and aging issues.
Journal of Population and Health Studies, Vol. 7, No. 2, Dec 1987.
203-23 pp. Seoul, Korea, Republic of. In Eng. with sum. in Kor.
Demographic aging in the Republic of Korea is discussed in light of
changes in family characteristics, particularly the decline of the
extended family system as well as more prevalent family dissolution.
Official and other published sources indicate that the aged in Korea
have a low educational status, are predominantly female, are
concentrated in rural areas, and have low incomes. The need for social
welfare programs to supply the care for the aged that families are no
longer providing is emphasized.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:30628 Milanovic,
Branko. Remittances and income distribution. Journal
of Economic Studies, Vol. 14, No. 5, 1987. 24-37 pp. West Yorkshire,
England. In Eng.
"The paper studies the effects of [foreign]
remittances on the pattern of income distribution in Yugoslavia. It is
found that remittances raise the Gini coefficient, although unequally
as between different social groups. One reason may be that in social
groups where the diffusion of information is relatively even (as among
urban households) migration is more uniform across income groups than
it is in social groups where the access to information depends
primarily on the level of income (e.g. rural households). In the latter
groups distribution of migrants is more skewed towards higher income
groups and remittances increase the level of inequality more
substantially." Data are from household surveys conducted in
Yugoslavia in 1973, 1978, and 1983.
Correspondence: B.
Milanovic, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
54:30629 Vossen, Ad;
Janssen, Ton. Socio-economic consequences of ageing: a
long-term view for the Netherlands. Department of Sociology
Working Paper Series, No. 10, 1986. 27 pp. Tilburg University,
Department of Sociology: Tilburg, Netherlands. In Eng.
"In this
paper we shall chiefly examine the demographic aspects of ageing [as
well as]....the question: to what extent could a specific population
policy contribute to a reduction in the negative social consequences of
ageing? First, widely differing demographic ageing scenarios are
developed, which are then linked to what we call an age-specific public
expenditure profile. On the basis of this, certain price labels are
then examined with respect to their demographic sensitivity. Next, we
examine the extent to which the changeover from a 'pay-as-you-go'
system to a 'capital reserve' system can reduce pension expenses.
Finally, we will discuss the savings resulting from a reallocation of
the age-specific public expenditure profile." The geographical focus
is on the Netherlands.
Correspondence: Department of
Sociology, Tilburg University, Postbox 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg,
Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30630 Zvidrin'sh,
P. P.; Zvidrinya, M. A. Population and the economy.
[Naselenie i ekonomika.] Populyarnaya Demografiya, 1987. 127 pp. Mysl':
Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
The relationship between population and the
economy in the USSR is analyzed from a life cycle perspective, with a
focus on the phase of life spent in the labor force. Demographic
processes (births, deaths, and natural increase) are reviewed in
conjunction with trends in social and economic development for the
country as a whole and for individual regions.
Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
54:30631 Hinrichsen,
Don. Critical links between population and resources.
Populi, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1988. 14-25 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The author discusses the work of the World Commission on
Environment and Development (WECD) and its 1987 report to the United
Nations concerning the effects of population growth on the world's
supply of natural resources. The report's scope is worldwide, with a
focus on developing countries. Consideration is given to the concept of
and prerequisites for sustainable development, the development squeeze,
population issues, controlling urban sprawl, and agriculture and food
production. The Commission's recommendations for policy changes for
both governments and international agencies are also
outlined.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30632 Hogan,
Daniel J. Population dynamics and environmental pollution:
organization and introduction. [Dinamica demografica e poluicao
ambiental: organizacao e introducao.] Textos NEPO, No. 12, Sep 1987.
144 pp. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Nucleo de Estudos de
Populacao [NEPO]: Campinas, Brazil. In Por.
These are the
proceedings of a workshop on the relationship between demographic
factors and environmental pollution, held in Campinas, Brazil, July
2-3, 1986. The specific focus is on the municipality of Cubatao,
Brazil, whose population grew from about 12,000 in 1950 to about 77,000
in 1980. The contributed papers examine the environmental changes in
the city and in the surrounding countryside as well as the social
impact of these changes.
Correspondence: NEPO, Universidade
Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 1170, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30633 Myers,
Ramon H. Land and labor in China. Economic
Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 36, No. 4, Jul 1988. 797-806 pp.
Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
This is a critical examination of a
study by Kang Chao on Chinese socioeconomic history during the last
2,000 years. The author comments that "Chao...sees Chinese economic
history as turning on the hinge of the population/land ratio,
diminishing returns, and the institutional responses to those two
processes....Chao's theory and his interpretation of institutional
adjustments, however, are not easily supported by quantitative evidence
about wage rates, population pressure, and agricultural yields.
Moreover, analyzing economic trends during all these centuries, Chao
neglects their context in terms of the whole institutional structure of
tenancy, of state policies, of household reproductive behavior, of
rural customary law, and of land settlement phases."
For the study
by Chao, published in 1986, see 54:10707.
Correspondence:
R. H. Myers, Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford,
CA 94305. Location: Princeton University Library (SPIA).
54:30634 Norse,
David. Population, resources and food in Africa.
Population Bulletin of the United Nations, No. 21-22, 1988. 26-31 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
Factors contributing to the decline in
per capita food production in Africa are examined, and prospects for
the future are considered. Food supply and demand projections produced
by the Food and Agriculture Organization and U.N. population
projections are used. The author finds that "population growth will
account for almost the entire growth in the demand for cereals (from 77
million tons in 1979-1981 to around 200 million tons in 2010). During
the same period, production is expected to grow by 2 per cent per
annum, to 100 million tons, meeting only half of the total
demand....The most promising approach would be to raise yields per
hectare closer to realizable levels. Slowing the rate of population
growth, at the same time, would not only reduce demand but permit the
channelling of more resources into agricultural
development."
Correspondence: D. Norse, Economic and Social
Policy Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 1-00100 Rome, Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30635 United
Nations. Secretariat (New York, New York). Population and
the environment. Population Bulletin of the United Nations, No.
21-22, 1988. 32-44 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The
interrelationships among demographic and environmental factors in
developing countries are examined, with an emphasis on the need for
comprehensive programs at both national and international levels. It
is noted that "efforts to promote development in a way which preserves
the resource base for future generations will have to take into account
demographic factors, since excessive population pressure in specific
geographical areas can pose serious ecological hazards, including soil
erosion, desertification, dwindling supplies of firewood, deforestation
and the degradation of sources of fresh water....Population policies
should also be formulated with due regard for environmental factors.
Priority should be given to population activities in those geographical
areas likely to experience acute environmental stress. Programmes for
influencing the distribution of population should also consider the
environmental impact."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:30636 Choe,
Ehn-Hyun; Koo, Sung-Yeal; Kim, Soo-Bong. Migration as a
factor in labor supply. Journal of Population and Health Studies,
Vol. 7, No. 2, Dec 1987. 3-18 pp. Seoul, Korea, Republic of. In Kor.
with sum. in Eng.
Recent changes in the structure of employment
opportunities by industry in the Republic of Korea are considered, with
a focus on the role of internal migration in the distribution of human
resources. Migration is shown to be a significant factor in labor
supply, responding particularly to wage rate changes. The authors
conclude that over time, migration has operated less efficiently in
human resource allocation.
Correspondence: E.-H. Choe,
Korea Institute for Population and Health, San 42-14, Bulgwang-dong,
Eunpyung-ku, Seoul 122-040, Republic of Korea. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30637 Donohue,
John J. Determinants of job turnover of young men and
women in the United States: a hazard rate analysis. Research in
Population Economics, Vol. 6, 1988. 257-301 pp. Greenwich,
Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
"I have used hazard models to
examine the expected job tenure of [U.S.] male and female entrants to
the full-time labor force after they appear to have completed their
full-time education. My results for the early periods are quite
different from those obtained by a number of recent microdata studies,
using different methodologies from mine, which found that there were no
differences in quit rates by sex after controlling for the effects of a
number of explanatory variables. I have found that for the period
1968-1971 female full-time workers quit their first job after
completing school at substantially higher rates than male workers.
This finding was robust to a number of different model specifications
and selection criteria, as well as to estimations with and without
duration dependence and with and without corrections for unobserved
heterogeneity."
Correspondence: J. J. Donohue, Northwestern
University School of Law, Evanston, IL 60201. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30638 Hayward,
Mark D.; Grady, William R.; McLaughlin, Steven D. Changes
in the retirement process among older men in the United States:
1972-1980. Demography, Vol. 25, No. 3, Aug 1988. 371-86 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Recent changes in older men's retirement
patterns are investigated for the United States. The results show that
labor force incumbents, particularly those in secondary occupations,
experienced increases in the volume of both retirement and reentry to
the labor force. In addition, although working life expectancy
remained relatively stable across occupations, men in secondary
occupations spent increasingly greater portions of their work lives in
postretirement jobs. Finally, large increases in nonworking life
expectancy occurred because of substantial increases in life
expectancy. In several occupations, however, declines in working life
expectancy were major contributors to increases in nonworking life
expectancy."
Correspondence: M. D. Hayward, Department of
Sociology, University of Southern California, University Park, MC 0191,
Los Angeles CA 90089-0191. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:30639 Herrin,
Alejandro N. Human resource formation in the Philippines:
problems and prospects. NUPRI Research Paper Series, No. 43, Mar
1988. vi, 21 pp. Nihon University, Population Research Institute:
Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
"The purpose of this paper is to briefly
describe the problems and prospects in human resource formation [in the
Philippines] with attention to health, nutrition and basic education."
It is found that "an underlying factor affecting the prospects for
significant improvements in the quality of human resources is the rate
of population growth. Rapid fertility decline can be expected to
reduce the pressure of providing basic health, nutrition and
educational services, and such reduced pressure can provide
opportunities for improving the coverage and quality of such services.
Fertility in the Philippines, however, still remains high and very
little decline has been noted in the more recent period." Data are
from official and other published sources.
Correspondence:
Nihon University, Population Research Institute, 3-2 Misaki-cho
1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:30640 Joshi,
Heather; Owen, Susan. Demographic predictors of women's
work in postwar Britain. Research in Population Economics, Vol. 6,
1988. 401-47 pp. Greenwich, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
"This paper discusses and quantifies the effects of family
formation on the cycle of women's employment participation over adult
life, as discernible in aggregate data. Our main analysis is of the
employment rates of successive birth cohorts of women [in Great
Britain] over the period 1950-1974. Since World War II there has been
unprecedented growth in labor force participation of women over 30, and
particularly, given the small base, of mothers of dependent children.
These trends are described and analyzed in terms of the contribution of
demographic factors--children, marital status, age, and cohort--to the
patterns observed."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:30641 Lim, Lin
Lean. Economic dynamism and structural transformation in
the Asian Pacific Rim countries: contributions of the second sex.
NUPRI Research Paper Series, No. 45, Mar 1988. vi, 38 pp. Nihon
University, Population Research Institute: Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
The role of women in the recent economic development of the Asian
Pacific Rim countries is analyzed. Data are from official and other
published sources for female labor force participation for selected
Asian countries. The author finds that "the Asian Pacific Rim
experience has been unusual in that, compared to other regions, there
has been a lack of institutional and socio-cultural barriers to female
labor force participation while demographic and education patterns have
ensured that there is a supply of qualified female labor. But the
paper stresses that even in their economic roles, women remain...far
from equal to their male counterparts and [are] often additionally
burdened by formal entry into the labor force without any change in
their familial roles nor any increase in their
status."
Correspondence: Nihon University, Population
Research Institute, 3-2 Misaki-cho 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101,
Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30642 Lundberg,
Shelly. Labor supply of husbands and wives: a
simultaneous equations approach. Review of Economics and
Statistics, Vol. 70, No. 2, May 1988. 224-35 pp. Amsterdam,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"Labor supply functions for married men and
women are formulated as a dynamic simultaneous equations system, which
is estimated using panel data. Controlling for fixed individual
effects allows marginal labor supply responses to be disentangled from
permanent patterns in hours worked due to assortative mating. The
results suggest that the labor supply of husbands and wives without
pre-school children is not jointly determined in the short run, while
families with young children exhibit strong interactions in work hours
and negative cross-earnings effects. Neither the joint utility model
of family labor supply nor an ad hoc 'traditional family' model is
supported by these results." The data are for the United States and
concern 381 couples from the Denver Income Maintenance
Experiment.
Correspondence: S. Lundberg, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
54:30643 Manning,
Chris. Rural employment creation in Java: lessons from
the green revolution and oil boom. Population and Development
Review, Vol. 14, No. 1, Mar 1988. 47-80, 220, 222 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Rapid economic growth has had
a favorable impact on employment and incomes in rural Java [Indonesia].
Despite characterization of the island as a classic case of 'labor
surplus' and the introduction of labor-displacing technology in rice,
recent agricultural employment growth has been high by Third World
standards. Nonagricultural employment creation has been heavily
concentrated in cities. This concentration is attributable to
import-substitution-oriented manufacturing growth and the distribution
of oil boom expenditures. The rural population has benefited from
higher labor mobility, but the overall urban bias in job creation has
discriminated against them. Future prospects are clouded by the
cutback in transmigration and the slowdown in rice
production."
Correspondence: C. Manning, School of Social
Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South
Australia 5042, Australia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:30644 Metz,
Manuel. A methodological approach to the study of changes
in labor force participation patterns. PIDEH Inter-American
Household Survey Program, ISBN 0-8270-2731-1. 1988. ix, 157 pp.
Organization of American States [OAS]: Washington, D.C.; Inter-American
Statistical Institute: Panama City, Panama. In Eng.
A two-stage
approach to the analysis of changes in labor force participation is
presented. The approach focuses on an age- and sex-specific labor
force participation function rather than on specific age brackets. The
proposed method is tested both over time and across countries, using
census data for the 1960s and 1970s from Latin America. The results
indicate that the method seems to work satisfactorily in the analysis
of male labor force participation, but not for female labor force
participation.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:30645 Morley,
Samuel A. Relative wages, labor force structure, and the
distribution of income in the short and long run. Economic
Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 36, No. 4, Jul 1988. 651-68 pp.
Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
The author attempts to demonstrate "a
simple model of the labor market that explicitly distinguishes between
the short and the long run [of income distribution], and...to explore
the effect of changes in the level or growth rate of aggregate demand,
changes in skill intensity, and changes in the educational system."
The example used is Brazil, with data from recent
censuses.
Correspondence: S. A. Morley, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, TN 37240. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPIA).
54:30646 Morrison,
Donna R.; Lichter, Daniel T. Family migration and female
employment: the problem of underemployment among migrant married
women. Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 50, No. 1, Feb
1988. 161-72 pp. Saint Paul, Minnesota. In Eng.
"This article
examines the effects of geographic mobility on changes in
underemployment among married and single women. Data for the analysis
are from the young women sample of the [U.S.] National Longitudinal
Surveys. Changes in various forms of underemployment for the 1968-73
and 1973-78 periods are measured with the Labor Utilization Framework
of Clogg and Sullivan (1983). In general, our results reinforce
findings from previous studies by showing that migration contributes to
labor force nonparticipation and unemployment among married women.
Migration also is linked to other forms of labor force hardship,
including involuntary part-time employment and low pay. Contrary to
expectations, migration also negatively affects employment adequacy
among single women. The implications of these results for family
decision-making models of migration are discussed."
This is a
revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1987 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index,
Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 394-5).
Correspondence: D. R. Morrison,
Decision Resources Corporation, 1828 L Street NW, Washington, D.C.
20036. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30647 Pernia,
Ernesto M. The employment problem in the context of
economic slowdown: the case of Indonesia. NUPRI Research Paper
Series, No. 44, Mar 1988. vi, 29 pp. Nihon University, Population
Research Institute: Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
"This paper reviews
contemporary labor supply trends and employment performance [in
Indonesia] vis-a-vis earlier trends and performance. It cites in
passing some comparisons from the Philippines which, like Indonesia,
experienced buoyant economic growth in the 1970s, followed by a
recession, albeit more severe, in the first half of the 1980s. The
paper goes on to look at the comparative performance of the various
sectors and industries, then focuses on government spending, exports,
and housing as critical areas for employment expansion (or
contraction). After discussing underemployment as the real problem,
the paper touches on prospects in the medium term as well as some
policy approaches. Concluding remarks on research needs concerning
human resources in the informal sector round out the
paper."
Correspondence: Nihon University, Population
Research Institute, 3-2 Misaki-cho 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101,
Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30648 Sengupta,
Prasun. Demographic influences on female labor
supply. Pub. Order No. DA8718156. 1986. 209 pp. University
Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This
research investigates the effects of household age-sex composition on
the labor supply of women in [a developing country] setting. It is
based on a new approach of modelling the economic consequences of
variation in the individual and family life cycle developed by Lee
(1983). It is posited that each person is capable of producing four
types of effects: (1) generate demand for consumer goods...(2) supply
time to market activity...(3) create demand for home production...and
(4) supply time to housework....These per capita effects depend on the
age and sex of each person and are regarded as exogenous, determined
partly by biological needs and partly by socio-cultural norms....The
empirical results of this research, derived from Malaysian Family Life
Survey data (1976-77), have generally confirmed the usefulness of the
basic approach described above."
This work was prepared as a
doctoral dissertation at the University of California at
Berkeley.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A:
Humanities and Social Sciences 48(8).
54:30649 Share, M.
A. J. Wage differentials in Jordan: effects on integrated
labour market. Population Bulletin of ESCWA, No. 30, Jun 1987.
51-68 pp. Baghdad, Iraq. In Eng.
"This paper aims at studying some
aspects of workers' immigration to Jordan and comparing these workers
with their native counterparts with regard to migration,
characteristics, qualifications and wages....Available statistical
material was supplemented by surveying a sample of 1,000 Jordanian and
non-Jordanian workers. The study concludes that Jordanian workers'
emigration scores positively in reducing unemployment. Moreover, the
favourable impact of the remittances on Jordanian economy outweighs the
negative effects manifested by shortages of certain skills and
professions....However, the study reveals that immigrant workers are
crowding-out the native workers in various
professions...."
Correspondence: M. A. J. Share, Department
of Economics, Yarmouk University, POB 566, Irbid, Jordan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30650 Stipp,
Horst H. What is a working woman? American
Demographics, Vol. 10, No. 7, Jul 1988. 24-7, 59 pp. Ithaca, New York.
In Eng.
The availability of statistics on the extent of labor force
participation by U.S. women is reviewed. The author concludes that
monthly employment statistics significantly understate women's
participation in the labor force.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:30651
Syahruddin. The problem of labor force estimation
and the standard of living. [Masalah ketenagakerjaan dan
kesejahteraannya.] Majalah Demografi Indonesia/Indonesian Journal of
Demography, Vol. 14, No. 28, Dec 1987. viii-x, 29-46 pp. Jakarta,
Indonesia. In Ind. with sum. in Eng.
The problem of estimating
labor force participation in Indonesia is discussed using data from the
national censuses of 1961, 1971, and 1981. The author assesses the
reliability of census data for estimating the rate of growth of labor
force participation. Commentary on the living standard of an unskilled
laborer's family is also included.
Correspondence:
Syahruddin, Pusat Studi Kependudukan, Universitas Andalas, Jl. Perintis
Kemerdekaan 77, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30652 van Dijk,
Jouke. Migration and the labor market. [Migratie en
arbeidsmarkt.] Serie Mens en Ruimte, No. 20, ISBN 90-232-2213-X. LC
86-215033. 1986. 239 pp. Van Gorcum: Assen, Netherlands. In Dut. with
sum. in Eng.
The impact of migration on the employment situation in
the region of destination is analyzed, using the northern region of the
Netherlands as an example. Consideration is given to both macro- and
micro-economic aspects. The study examines both the effects of
migration on the labor supply and the effects on employment of
migrants' expenditures in the region of destination. The author
concludes that in-migration had a positive impact on the employment
situation in the region studied in 1979.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:30653 Van Dongen,
W.; Deschamps, L.; Pauwels, K. The allocation of time
between paid labor and household labor of housewives, working women,
and unemployed women in Flanders. [Een studie van de
tijdsbesteding inzake betaalde beroepsarbeid en onbetaalde gezinsarbeid
van de thuiswerkende, de buitenhuiswerkende en de werkzoekend vrouwen
in Vlaanderen.] CBGS Werkdocument, No. 55, 1988. 90 pp. Centrum voor
Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudien [CBGS]: Brussels, Belgium. In Dut. with
sum. in Eng.
The authors examine the allocation of women's time
between paid labor and household labor using data from a survey carried
out in the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium in 1985-1986.
Consideration is given to a variety of socioeconomic and demographic
variables and their impact on the allocation of women's time. The
results indicate the increased total workload undertaken by women
employed outside the home, particularly when they have young
children.
Correspondence: CBGS, Nijverheidsstraat 37, 7de
Verdieping, 1040 Brussels, Belgium. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
