54:20725 Danielson,
Anders. Agricultural development and demographic change:
a comment on Robinson and Schutjer. Economic Development and
Cultural Change, Vol. 36, No. 3, Apr 1988. 565-72 pp. Chicago,
Illinois. In Eng.
The authors comment on a recent article by Warren
Robinson and Wayne Schutjer concerning the relationship between
agricultural development and demographic change. A reply by Robinson
and Schutjer is included (pp. 571-2).
For a related study by
Robinson and Schutjer, published in 1983, see 51:20616.
Correspondence: A. Danielson, University of Lund, POB 117,
S-221 00 Lund, Sweden. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPIA).
54:20726 Dutt,
Amitava K. Population pressure, capitalist development and
technological change in agriculture: a model and some
applications. Discussion Papers in Economics, No. 56, Oct 1986. 20
pp. Florida International University, Department of Economics: Miami,
Florida. In Eng.
"This paper offers an explanation of how
population growth can affect technological change in agriculture by
changing its institutional structure. It argues, with the use of a
simple model of an agrarian economy, that starting from a situation in
which production is carried on mainly in small peasant farms, faster
population growth will improve the chances of a capitalist
transformation of agriculture. With capitalist farmers being
technologically more dynamic than peasants and non-cultivating
landlords, this will speed up technological progress. The analysis is
used to understand the transformation of English agriculture in the
past and the failure of such a transformation in contemporary
India."
Correspondence: Department of Economics, Florida
International University, Miami, FL 33199. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20727 Keita,
Mohamed L. Research into the differential
interrelationships among demographic, economic, and sociological
variables according to the country's level of development.
[Recherche des correlations differentielles entre variables
demographiques, economiques et sociologiques selon le niveau de
developpement des pays.] Annales de l'IFORD, No. 10, Jul 1985. 154 pp.
Institut de Formation et de Recherche Demographiques [IFORD]: Yaounde,
Cameroon. In Fre.
The author seeks to identify general laws
governing the interrelationships among sociological, demographic, and
economic variables, with the focus on structures and determinants
common to a given group of countries. In the first part, data sources
and methods are provided, and groups of countries are delineated
according to level of development. The second part is devoted to the
analysis of groups of variables. In the third part, the author studies
the determinants of fertility and mortality in the different groups of
countries. It is concluded that there exist demographic and
socioeconomic laws that are relevant for countries according to their
level of development and that global analyses, to the extent to which
they ignore these laws, may be biased.
Correspondence:
IFORD, Service des Publications, B. P. 1566, Yaounde, Cameroon.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20728 Kuijsten,
A. C. Business demographics: a new market for
demographers? [Business demographics: een nieuwe markt voor
demografen?] Bevolking en Gezin, No. 2, Dec 1987. 43-67 pp. Brussels,
Belgium. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
The author discusses the value
of business demographics for marketing and management in the private
business sector. The demographic factors that are most pertinent to
business planning are identified and include changes in age structure,
compositions of the labor force and households, and
mobility.
Correspondence: A. C. Kuijsten, Jodenbreestraat
23, 1011 NH Amsterdam, Netherlands. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:20729 Amjad,
Rashid. Impact of workers' remittances from the Middle
East on Pakistan's economy: some selected issues. Pakistan
Development Review, Vol. 25, No. 4, Winter 1986. 757-85 pp. Islamabad,
Pakistan. In Eng.
The author argues that "no factor has more
dramatically affected the domestic employment situation and the
balance-of-payments position [in Pakistan than] the outflow of contract
workers and inflow of workers' remittances from [the Middle East]."
The relationship between workers' remittances and national income
accounts is examined in order to better understand the effect of
migrant remittances on Pakistan's overall economic development. The
peak period of Middle East migration (1976-1983) is outlined in detail.
A comment by Meekal Aziz Ahmed is included (pp.
783-5).
Correspondence: R. Amjad, Senior Development
Economist, ILO/ARTEP, Asian Development Programme, New Delhi, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20730 Bazhenova,
E. New trends in family formation in the People's Republic
of China. [Novye tendentsii v razvitii sem'i v KNR.]
Narodonaselenie, 1987. 265-85 pp. Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
The author
presents a broad review of economic development in the People's
Republic of China and its effects on the country's population growth.
The focus is on government population policies and on changes in the
function and size of the family. Also considered are the
constitutional rights of women, the interaction of husband and wife
within the family, and the relationship between parents and their
children after the marriage of the children.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20731 Blanchet,
Didier. A stochastic version of the Malthusian trap model:
consequences for the empirical relationship between economic growth and
population growth in LDC's. Mathematical Population Studies, Vol.
1, No. 1, 1988. 79-99, 123-4 pp. New York, New York/London, England. In
Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"A stochastic version of the Malthusian trap
model relating the growth rate of income per capita to the population
growth rate of a given country is described. This model is applied to
the a priori evaluation of the cross-sectional correlation between
these two growth rates under two additional assumptions: i) the
relations in the model at national levels include country-specific and
time-invariant random components, and ii) these growth rates are
measured with a certain degree of temporal aggregation. It is shown
that these two assumptions can explain near-zero correlations between
the two growth rates even if there exists a strongly negative effect of
population growth on economic growth. However it is not clear whether
these assumptions fully explain such insignificant correlations.
Indeed, the implementation of the model is complicated by the
structural shifts which are likely to occur in the equations over the
course of the demographic transition."
Correspondence: D.
Blanchet, Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 Rue du
Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:20732 Bloom,
David E.; Freeman, Richard B. Economic development and the
timing and components of population growth. Center for Population
Studies Discussion Paper, No. 87-7, [1987]. 30, [12] pp. Harvard
University, Center for Population Studies: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In
Eng.
"This paper examines the relationship between population
growth and economic growth in developing countries from 1965 to 1985.
Our results indicate that developing countries were able to shift their
labor force from low-productivity agriculture to the
higher-productivity industry and service sectors, and to increase
productivity within those sectors, despite the rapid growth of their
populations. We also find that at given rates of population growth,
income growth is related to the time path of population growth and that
population growth due to high birth and death rates is associated with
slower income growth than population growth due to relatively low birth
and death rates. Hence, the timing and components of population growth
are important elements in the process of economic
development."
Correspondence: Center for Population
Studies, Harvard University, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20733 Gille,
Halvor. Social and economic implications. In: The
World Fertility Survey: an assessment, edited by John Cleland, Chris
Scott, and David Whitelegge. 1987. 986-1,010 pp. Oxford University
Press: New York, New York/Oxford,England. In Eng.
The author
summarizes the World Fertility Survey's contribution to the process of
economic and social development planning in developing countries.
Topics covered include socioeconomic factors in fertility decline,
family planning, age at marriage, breast-feeding, and infant and child
health. The author concludes that "the World Fertility Survey has made
important contributions to the planning, implementation and monitoring
of health care, education, family planning and related programmes. In
many developing countries survey findings have taken some of the
guesswork out of policy-making and programme implementation and
evaluation in the field of population."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:20734 Heilig,
Gerhard; Otto, Johannes. Development in Africa:
population, food, economy. Lectures at the meeting of the study group
"Demography of Developing Countries" of the German Society for
Population Studies on the subject of the demographic aspects of central
development problems in sub-Saharan Africa, October 8-9 1987, in
Kiedrich. [Entwicklung in Afrika? Bevolkerung, Ernahrung,
Wirtschaft. Vortrage auf der Tagung des Arbeitskreises "Demographie der
Entwicklungslander" der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur
Bevolkerungswissenschaft zum Thema: Demographische Aspekte zentraler
Entwicklungsprobleme in Afrika sudlich der Sahara, am 8./9. Oktober
1987 in Kiedrich.] Materialien zur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, No. 58,
1988. 149 pp. Bundesinstitut fur Bevolkerungsforschung: Wiesbaden,
Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger.
This report contains six
studies presented at a conference on population and development in
sub-Saharan Africa, held in 1987 in Kiedrich, Federal Republic of
Germany. Data are from the Food and Agriculture Organization, the
World Bank, and the U.N. Population Division. The papers are concerned
with trends and perspectives of demographic development in black
Africa; population policy in black African nations; ecological problems
of tropical agriculture and carrying capacity; demographic factors
related to malnutrition; the economic and demographic aspects of female
labor force participation; and aspects of the structural consequences
of primary health care using a case study for Benin. It is noted that
in general the situation of the population is worsening. Some data for
other developing African and non-African countries are presented for
purposes of comparison.
Correspondence: Bundesinstitut fur
Bevolkerungsforschung, Postfach 5528, 6200 Wiesbaden, Federal Republic
of Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20735 Kelley,
Allen C. Population pressures, saving, and investment in
the third world: some puzzles. Economic Development and Cultural
Change, Vol. 36, No. 3, Apr 1988. 449-64 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
The author examines the analytical and empirical basis for
arguments concerning the adverse impact of rapid population growth on
the rate of economic development in developing countries. He concludes
that "the adverse impact of population growth on savings, investment,
and consequently on economic growth must be qualified on analytical
grounds and, moreover, that the existing empirical evidence does not
persuasively show that the savings/investment and population growth
connections have been quantitatively
important."
Correspondence: A. C. Kelley, Duke University,
Durham, NC 27706. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPIA).
54:20736 Luzon, Jose
L. Economy, population, and territory in Cuba
(1899-1983). [Economia, poblacion y territorio en Cuba
(1899-1983).] ISBN 84-7232-418-4. 1987. 341 pp. Instituto de
Cooperacion Iberoamericana, Ediciones Cultura Hispanica: Madrid, Spain.
In Spa.
This study is concerned with the relationship between
economic development and population growth in Cuba from independence in
1899 to 1983. The first two chapters deal with cycles in sugar
production and the development of the infrastructure. A chapter on
population growth and structure follows. Other chapters are concerned
with spatial distribution and the development of the urban system in
the prerevolutionary period. Part 2 focuses on the period following
Castro's revolution, considering the same demographic topics and also
examining the rural population and rural-urban
migration.
Location: New York Public Library.
54:20737 Piche,
Victor. Demography and underdevelopment. [Demographie
et sous-developpement.] Collection de Tires a Part, No. 233, [1987].
[5] pp. Universite de Montreal, Departement de Demographie: Montreal,
Canada. In Fre.
This is an overview of the interrelationships
between demographic factors and underdevelopment and is based on
findings from case studies of selected countries in Africa, Central
America, and the Caribbean. Demographic factors are discussed in light
of the labor force, social structure, historical context, and family
unit. Attention is given to aspects of fertility, mortality, and
migration and to demographic responses to changing socioeconomic
conditions.
This paper is reprinted from Interface (Montreal,
Canada), Vol. 8, No. 3, May-Jun 1987, pp.
33-7.
Correspondence: Departement de Demographie,
Universite de Montreal, CP 6128, Succursale, A, Montreal, Quebec H3C
3J7, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20738 Sadik,
Nafis. Population--central to development. Populi,
Vol. 14, No. 3, 1987. 4-9 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The
author discusses six broad categories of population issues of current
concern in Asia from the perspective of the UNFPA. The focus is on the
relationship between population dynamics and economic development.
Attention is given to current and anticipated developments with regard
to population growth, urbanization, the aging of the population,
migration, women's status, and health and family
planning.
Correspondence: N. Sadik, United Nations Fund for
Population Activities, 220 East 42nd Street, 19th Floor, New York, NY
10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20739 Veras,
Renato P.; Ramos, Luiz R.; Kalache, Alexandre. The
increase of the elderly population in Brazil: transformation of and
consequences for society. [Crescimento da populacao idosa no
Brasil: transformacoes e consequencias na sociedade.] Revista de Saude
Publica, Vol. 21, No. 3, Jun 1987. 225-33 pp. Sao Paulo, Brazil. In
Por. with sum. in Eng.
The socioeconomic changes occurring in
Brazil in conjunction with demographic aging are described, and their
consequences for the elderly are assessed. Factors considered include
urbanization, rural-urban migration, the separation of the elderly from
their supporting families, the decline in the social status of the
elderly, and the implications of longer life expectancy.
For related
studies by Ramos et al. and Kalache et al., see elsewhere in this
issue.
Correspondence: R. P. Veras, Instituto de Medicina
Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Sao Francisco
Xavier 524, 20550 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Location: New
York Academy of Medicine.
54:20740 Yang,
Quanhe. The aging of China's population: perspectives and
implications. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1, Mar
1988. 55-74 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"China's efforts to
accelerate the pace of modernization emphasize the promotion of
economic development and the reduction of its population growth through
the adoption of a one-child per family policy. However, that policy
has implications for the eventual aging of the country's population.
This article reviews the changes in the status of the elderly, explores
the changes in size of the elderly population, and various related
social and policy implications." Topics considered include
socioeconomic changes, underlying population dynamics, the current
situation of the elderly, some international comparisons, implications
of aging, planning for support of the elderly, health care, living
arrangements and family support, retirement, and the status of the
widowed, divorced, and unmarried in the elderly
population.
Correspondence: Q. Yang, Department of
Demography, Australian National University, POB 4, Canberra ACT 2601,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20741 Aperyam,
Vladimir. Population, economics and politics: the
socio-economic development of the European members of the CMEA.
Real Socialism: Theory and Practice, 1987. 270 pp. Progress
Publishers: Moscow, USSR. In Eng.
This study, translated from the
original Russian, examines the relationships among economics, politics,
and population in the Communist European countries, including the USSR,
belonging to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance [CMEA]. The
focus is on the impact of labor force trends on economic development
and how economic developments affect the increasing efficiency of use
of available labor resources and employment patterns. The implications
for population policy are considered.
Correspondence:
Progress Publishers, 17 Zubovsky Boulevard, 119847 Moscow, USSR.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20742 Blanchet,
Didier. Is a partially funded pension system able to
counteract the consequences of aging? [Un systeme de retraite
mixte par capitalisation et par repartition permet-il de corriger les
effets du vieillissement?] Population, Vol. 43, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1988.
77-102 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"This
paper compares the behaviours of a pay-as-you-go and mixed (partially
funded) pension systems under the demographic conditions which are
likely to prevail in France during the next century (under three
assumptions concerning future fertility). The analysis is first
carried out in partial equilibrium, with all macro-economic parameters
being held constant, then in a general equilibrium framework, with the
assumption that funding, by modifying capital accumulation, will affect
both wages and interest rates. In such a case, funding is better if
the 'natural' savings ratio (i.e. savings which are observed when the
pension system is purely pay-as-you-go) is low. If this natural
savings ratio is higher and corresponds to its golden rule value, then
both systems are equivalent."
Correspondence: D. Blanchet,
Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 Rue du Commandeur, 75675
Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:20743 Dooghe,
G. The aging of the population in Europe. [Een
verouderd Europa.] Bevolking en Gezin, No. 2, Dec 1987. 69-81 pp.
Brussels, Belgium. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"Based on Eurostat
data, a picture of the aging process in 12 European countries [is]
given. Compared to the U.S. and the Soviet Union, the natural
population increase in Europe is rather small." Aging trends are
compared, with particular attention to the increasing proportion of the
very old in the elderly population. "The article also contains an
overview of the differences in life expectancy [among] several
countries; it stresses the predominance of elderly women and it gives
some data about the elderly population according to marital status."
The author comments on the anticipated demographic situation up to the
year 2000.
Correspondence: G. Dooghe, CBGS, Ministerie van
de Vlaamse Gemeenschap, Nijverheidsstraat, 37, B 1040 Brussels,
Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20744 Ducharme,
Pierre. Demography and social security: the case of
public pension systems. [Demographie et securite sociale: le cas
des regimes publics de pensions.] Collection de Tires a Part, No. 234,
[1987]. [4] pp. Universite de Montreal, Departement de Demographie:
Montreal, Canada. In Fre.
Anticipated problems for the pension
systems of Canada and Quebec as a result of Canada's demographic aging
are outlined. Suggested changes to avoid the difficulties are
discussed. The author's perception is that the adjustments necessary
to address the aging crisis will be no greater than those entailed by
the baby boom of the 1950s and 1960s.
This paper is reprinted from
Perception (Ottawa, Canada), Vol. 10, No. 5, May-Aug 1987, pp.
18-21.
Correspondence: Departement de Demographie,
Universite de Montreal, CP 6128, Succursale A, Montreal, Quebec H3C
3J7, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20745 Fortin,
Bernard; Fortin, Pierre. Economic growth and long-term
population decline: is the optimism of the pure neoclassical model
justified? [Croissance economique et decroissance demographique a
long terme: l'optimisme du modele neoclassique pur est-il justifie?]
Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 14, No. 2, 1987. 171-86 pp.
Edmonton, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"A key prediction of
Solow's neoclassical economic growth model is that in the long run
standards of living would increase if population growth slowed down.
That this conclusion is fragile is illustrated through a numerical
model of the Canadian economy that reaches the opposite verdict through
taking account of greater old age dependency, increased government
expenditures related to the age structure, and reduced savings
propensities. [It is argued that] there is no substitute to a finer
theoretical and empirical investigation of the behaviour of the
particular society under study."
Correspondence: B. Fortin,
Departement d'Economique, Universite Laval, Cite Universitaire, Quebec,
Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:20746 Heller,
Peter S.; Hemming, Richard; Kohnert, Peter W. Aging and
social expenditure in the major industrial countries, 1980-2025.
International Monetary Fund Occasional Paper, No. 47, ISBN
0-939934-68-X. LC 86-20835. Sep 1986. viii, 76 pp. International
Monetary Fund: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper examines the
impact of prospective demographic trends on the level and structure of
social expenditure by the governments of the seven major industrial
countries...through the year 2025. It attempts to place these
demographic factors in perspective with the other factors likely to
influence the growth of social expenditure. It also reviews the key
policy issues likely to emerge, both at an aggregate and a sectoral
level, and the types of policies countries have initiated in trying to
cope with the effects of these demographic trends. The focus is on
government expenditure in the different social sectors....This paper is
based on the results of detailed studies by the [International
Monetary] Fund's Fiscal Affairs Department...." Social expenditure
programs for pensions, medical care, education, unemployment insurance,
and family benefits are considered. The countries studied are Canada,
France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Japan, the United
Kingdom, and the United States.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:20747
International Labour Office [ILO] (Geneva,
Switzerland). Fourth European Regional Conference, Geneva,
September 1987. Report II. Demographic development and social
security. ISBN 92-2-105992-8. 1987. iv, 100 pp. Geneva,
Switzerland. In Eng.
This report is an examination of the
relationship between social security and demographic trends, with the
primary geographic focus on the situation in Europe. It emphasizes the
inevitability of demographic aging while examining probable demographic
developments up to the year 2025. Chapters are included on social
security measures designed to support and strengthen the family, income
maintenance for the elderly, and the impact of aging on the cost of
providing health care.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:20748 Koch,
Heleni. Population and innovation: the effects of
demographic factors on invention and innovation. [Bevolkerung und
Neuerungsaktivitat: Auswirkungen demographischer Faktoren auf
Invention und Innovation.] Ifo-Studien zur Bevolkerungsokonomie, No. 5,
ISBN 3-88512-054-2. 1987. vi, 219 pp. Ifo-Institut fur
Wirtschaftsforschung: Munich, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger.
The author examines the relationship between selected demographic
factors and innovation in recent German history. Population size,
population density, age and family structure, population growth, and
demographic and economic variables are studied in terms of how they
diminish or increase the creativity leading to invention, innovation,
and progress. Tabular data are primarily for West Germany during the
twentieth century and illustrate the relationship between the variables
and the volume of patent applications.
Location: New York
Public Library.
54:20749 Maruo,
Naomi. The impact of population ageing on the social
security expenditure and economic growth in Japan. Jinkogaku
Kenkyu/Journal of Population Studies, No. 10, May 1987. 7-24 pp. Tokyo,
Japan. In Eng. with sum. in Jpn.
The author considers the impact of
demographic aging in Japan on the social security system and on
economic growth. It is argued that "First of all, as the cost of
social security (including social services) increases remarkably at the
earlier stage of ageing, the disposable (after tax) income and private
consumption of the present labour force generation tend to increase at
a lower growth rate than that of the GNP....Secondly if pension systems
are based on terminal funding schemes, the ageing of the population
increases savings (net increase of the amount of the pension funds) at
the earlier stage of the ageing of the population. Thirdly, there is a
time lag between the increase of social security benefits and the
decrease in the personal savings ratio. The high ratio of savings and
the shortage of aggregate demand as well as the high pressure for
export in...recent Japan can partly be attributed to the above
factors." Possible future economic scenarios as demographic ageing in
Japan proceeds are described, and policies to avert anticipated
problems are outlined.
Correspondence: N. Maruo, Chuo
University, 742-1 Higashinakano, Hachioji-City, Tokyo 192-03, Japan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20750 Novitskii,
A. G.; Shapiro, V. D. Demographic aging of the
population. [Demograficheskoe starenie naseleniya.] In:
Demograficheskoe razvitie v SSSR, edited by L. L. Rybakovskii.
Demografiya: Problemy i Perspektivy, 1985. 82-94 pp. Mysl': Moscow,
USSR. In Rus. with sum. in Eng.
Trends in demographic aging in the
USSR are analyzed, with a focus on the possible socioeconomic
consequences. Particular attention is paid to the estimation of the
social and economic effects of pensioners' employment and the
organizational factors favoring economic activity among the retired
population.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington,
D.C.
54:20751 Seward,
Shirley B. Demographic change and the Canadian economy:
an overview. Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 14, No. 2, 1987.
279-99 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"The purpose
of this paper is to explore the interrelationships between demographic
change and the Canadian economy, and to discuss the implications for
public policy. The paper discusses recent demographic trends and
indicates that some of these trends can be projected with reasonable
confidence to the end of the century. It is expected that the rate of
growth of the population and labour force will continue to decline,
that further aging of the population and labour force will occur and
that the proportion of elderly members of the population will increase
as the proportion of young members decreases. Furthermore, if current
trends continue, the rate of female labour force participation may
continue to increase....The paper concludes that while there is a
reasonable understanding of demographic-economic interrelations at the
macro level, there remain a number of gaps in knowledge at the
sectoral, regional and household levels which limit our capacity to
develop appropriate policies."
Correspondence: S. B.
Seward, Institute for Research on Public Policy, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20752 Skoglund,
Tor; Stordahl, Erik; Sorensen, Knut O. The main features
of economic and demographic development in the counties since
1960. [Hovedtrekk ved den okonomiske og demografiske utviklingen i
fylkene etter 1960.] Rapporter fra Statistisk Sentralbyra, No. 88/3,
ISBN 82-537-2572-8. 1988. 81 pp. Statistisk Sentralbyra:
Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norway. In Nor.
The authors investigate trends in
industry, population, and the economy at the county level in Norway
since 1960. They address three main areas: economic development and
employment, population trends and migration, and labor force
participation and unemployment. Data from official sources are
presented separately for the counties and for the whole country, and
regional trends are identified and explained.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20753 Watson,
William G. Demographic change, provincial fiscal
behaviour, and regional economic growth. Canadian Studies in
Population, Vol. 14, No. 2, 1987. 209-22 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng.
with sum. in Fre.
"The paper reviews the empirical literature on
each of the causal links of a model of regional demographics and growth
that operates as follows: (1) Demographic differences across regions
give rise to differences in tax rates. (2) Differences in tax rates
cause interregional migration. (3) Interregional migration causes
'unfavourable' demographic effects in regions people leave. (4) These
effects in turn reduce economic growth, both directly through reduced
productivity of the labour force, and indirectly as tax rates rise even
further in order to support proportionately greater public expenditures
from a reduced tax base. The paper concludes that such
interconnections should be studied within the context of a
general-equilibrium model." The geographic focus is on
Canada.
Correspondence: W. G. Watson, Department of
Economics, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal,
Quebec H3A 2T5, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:20754 Barrett,
Michael; Miles, Simon; Regier, Henry; Winter, Chris.
Potential environmental impacts of changes in population size, age,
and geographic distribution. Canadian Studies in Population, Vol.
14, No. 2, 1987. 261-77 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This paper summarizes the linkages between demographic development
and environmental conditions that are of consequence for economic and
social well-being. Environmental impacts are examined relative to:
agriculture, forestry, water resources management, wildlife and natural
areas, waste management, and land-use conflicts. Key conclusions are
that Canadians are depleting their environmental capital is an
unsustainable manner; need to rehabilitate their degraded ecosystems;
and will succeed in shifting to rehabilitative and sustainable
development (from conventional exploitive development) only without a
major population increase."
Correspondence: M. Barrett,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20755 Hendry,
Peter. Food and population: beyond five billion.
Population Bulletin, Vol. 43, No. 2, Apr 1988. 40 pp. Population
Reference Bureau: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This is an overview of
current and projected relationships between food supplies and
population growth worldwide. Among the topics discussed are factors
affecting increased food production, environmental degradation, the
impact of urbanization, and access to food. According to the author,
"in the longer term, higher dietary levels per capita for a world
population double that of the present (U.N. medium variant of 10.2
billion in 2100) would imply at least a tripling of demand for dietary
staples. But more intensive cultivation would place natural resources,
many already degraded, under much greater stress....The principle cause
of hunger and malnutrition is poverty: the extent of popular access to
gainful employment, to arable land, to suitable technologies determines
nutritional status more than aggregate food
production."
Correspondence: Population Reference Bureau,
777 14th Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20756 Houston,
Perdita. Women advise on global conservation. Populi,
Vol. 14, No. 4, 1987. 30-7 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The
author summarizes the themes of the Women and the World Conservation
Strategy Workshop, held in November 1987 in Gland, Switzerland. This
seminar, organized by the International Union for Conservation of
Nature, focused on the key role women play as managers of natural
resources in developing countries.
Correspondence: P.
Houston, Population and Sustainable Development Programme,
International Union for Conservation of Nature, CH-1196 Gland,
Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20757 Huda, K.
S. Feeding Asia's millions. Populi, Vol. 14, No. 3,
1987. 22-31 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
Food shortages in
developing countries and strategies to address the problem are examined
using a case study of Bangladesh. The complex interrelationships among
modern agricultural technology, employment, migration, poverty, and
inequality are discussed, and policy options are
outlined.
Correspondence: K. S. Huda, Association of
Development Agencies, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:20758 Kane,
Penny. The demography of famine. Genus, Vol. 43, No.
1-2, Jan-Jun 1987. 43-58 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Fre;
Ita.
"Theories of famine causation and models of the stages of
famine are discussed here in relation to the demographic consequences
of famines. Demographic data from famines in Europe, South Asia and
China are assessed for their applicability to the models in an effort
to provide a fuller framework for the study of famine demography. It
is argued that such study may shed light on demographic decision-making
in normal periods in disaster-prone areas, besides being of importance
in parts of the world where vulnerability to famine may be
increasing."
Correspondence: P. Kane, Centre for Population
Studies, University College, POB 78, Cardiff, CF1, 1XL, Wales.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20759 Rao, N.
Baskara; Sahu, Mahesh K. Impact of irrigation on migration
and work participation: a case study of an irrigation project in
India. Demography India, Vol. 16, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1987. 90-108 pp.
New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The authors examine "how the creation of
irrigation facilities leads to certain economic changes which in turn
influence migration and work participation. The results of this study
are based on a field survey conducted in 1981 [in India] in two
villages irrigated by the Hirakud Project Canal and two dry villages,
covering about 2,550 households in all." It is observed that irrigation
increased yield per acre, crop intensity, the demand for agricultural
labor, and farm incomes. Evidence is also found of subsequent caste
differentials in female labor force participation among farm
households. The relationship between rural development projects and
policies concerning urbanization and rural out-migration is
noted.
Correspondence: N. B. Rao, Institute for Social and
Economic Change, Bangalore-560 072, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:20760 Calhoun,
Charles A.; Espenshade, Thomas J. Childbearing and wives'
foregone earnings. Population Studies, Vol. 42, No. 1, Mar 1988.
5-37 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This paper combines multi-state
life-table analysis and the human capital model of wages to derive new
estimates of the impact of children on hours of market work and
earnings for American women aged 15 to 55. Panel data from the National
Longitudinal Surveys of Labor Market Experience are used to estimate
multi-state tables of working life and to assess the impact of
fertility on female labour force behaviour. Potential earnings based
on a human capital wage model are combined with the working life
histories implied by the life-table analysis to estimate opportunity
expenditures (i.e. the money value of foregone employment
opportunities) associated with different childbearing patterns. The
impacts of race, school enrollment, educational attainment, marital
status, marital status changes, birth cohort and fertility are
considered."
It is found that "(1) with identical childbearing
patterns, white women forego roughly five times as much as black women
in market earnings between the ages of 15 and 55--approximately $25,000
per birth for white women, versus $5,000 per birth for black women in
1981 dollars; (2) foregone hours of market work per birth are two to
three times higher for white women than for black women--approximately
1,500 to 3,000 hours per birth for white women, compared with 600 to
1,000 hours per birth for black women; (3) opportunity expenditures for
white women and more educated black women have been declining over
time; (4) opportunity expenditures on children are roughly proportional
to the number of births, for women of similar background and labour
market experience; and (5) it is the labour supply reductions
immediately following each birth that contribute most to observed
opportunity expenditures, whereas the marginal effect of total family
size is small by comparison."
Correspondence: C. A.
Calhoun, Urban Institute, 2100 M Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20761 Halli, S.
S.; Rao, K. V. Dynamics of fertility and labour force
participation of Canadian women in 1971 and 1981: a cohort
approach. Journal of Institute of Economic Research, Vol. 22, No.
2, 1987. 1-21 pp. Karnataka, India. In Eng.
The authors analyze the
relationship between labor force participation and fertility in Canada
using data from the Public Use Sample Tapes from the 1971 and 1981
censuses. Factors considered include age, religion, educational
status, and marital status. The authors conclude that "labour force
participation of women seems to have less influence on fertility
compared to [the] fertility effect on labour force
participation."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:20762 Joshi,
Heather; Owen, Susan. How long is a piece of elastic? The
measurement of female activity rates in British censuses,
1951-1981. Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 11, No. 1, Mar
1987. 55-74 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The available evidence
concerning the growth of female labor force participation in the United
Kingdom since World War II is reviewed. The authors first discuss
changing concepts, methods, and results in British censuses from 1951
to 1981. They then reconstruct female labor force trends to take into
account the biases identified. They propose a series of economic
activity and employee rates for females aged 20-59 and for the
proportion of part-time female employees.
Correspondence:
H. Joshi, Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and
Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
54:20763 Klinger,
Andras. Hungary's retirement life table, 1984. [A
magyar nyugdijazasi-halandosagi tabla, 1984.] Statisztikai Szemle, Vol.
66, No. 1, Jan 1988. 5-14 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in
Eng; Rus.
"Multivariate tables [for Hungary] present mortality and
retirement of [the economically] active male and female subpopulations
as well as the mortality order of [the] retired population postulating
the probabilities valid for 1984. The author points out large
differences in mortality order by sexes at the age of retirement and
among pensioners. The computation not only shows the present situation
but also provides a basis for the reform of the pension
system...."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20764 Larson,
Eric M. Patterns of labor absorption by occupation in the
Dominican Republic. International Journal of Sociology and Social
Policy, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1987. 67-77 pp. Hull, England. In Eng.
"The
purpose of this article is to describe and analyze patterns of labor
absorption by occupation in the Dominican Republic using national
population census data." The author develops a measure that
facilitates the identification of patterns of labor absorption into
various occupations. The results, based on data for the period
1970-1981, show sharp differentials by sex and zone. It is found that
the service sector is absorbing more workers but that agriculture is
not, even in rural areas.
Correspondence: E. M. Larson,
Program Evaluation and Methodology Division, U.S. General Accounting
Office, Washington, D.C. 20548. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:20765 Liu,
Yugui. The utilization and exploitation of labour force
resource in the Jiangsu province. Population Research, Vol. 4, No.
2, Apr 1987. 10-6 pp. Beijing, China. In Eng.
Labor force trends in
the province of Jiangsu, China, are analyzed based on census data and
data from the 1-in-1,000 survey conducted in the province in 1985. The
size, age structure, educational status, and spatial distribution of
the working-age population are examined. Reasons for the province's
high employment rate and suggestions for changes in labor force
management are outlined.
This is a translation of the Chinese
article in Renkou Yanjiu (Beijing, China), No. 4, 1986.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20766 Lowe, R.
J. Comparing 1981 and 1986 census labour force employment
and unemployment data. New Zealand Population Review, Vol. 13, No.
2, Nov 1987. 27-34 pp. Wellington, New Zealand. In Eng.
The
difficulties involved in comparing 1981 and 1986 census data on the
labor force in New Zealand are discussed. It is concluded that
"measuring changes in labour force participation rates between the 1981
and 1986 censuses is likely to be particularly risky. Using the
results to extrapolate labour force participation trends is likely to
be quite dangerous, though more so in some age groups than others and
in some regions than others."
Correspondence: R. J. Lowe,
Town and Country Planning Directorate (Policy Division), Ministry of
Works and Development, Wellington, New Zealand. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20767 Moon,
Chang-Jin. Subjective economic status, sex role attitudes,
fertility, and mother's work. Journal of Population and Health
Studies, Vol. 7, No. 1, Jul 1987. 177-96 pp. Seoul, Korea, Republic of.
In Eng. with sum. in Kor.
This study uses multiple ordinary least
squares regression to examine the effect of subjective economic status,
attitudes concerning sex roles, and fertility on female labor force
participation in the United States. Data are from the 1985 General
Social Survey. The results suggest that subjective income status is
the major factor affecting women's employment outside the
home.
Correspondence: C.-J. Moon, Administrative Officer,
Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20768 Moy,
Joyanna. An analysis of unemployment and other labor
market indicators in 10 countries. Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 111,
No. 4, Apr 1988. 39-50 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Current trends
in unemployment and other labor market indicators in 10 developed,
market-economy countries are reviewed. "Unemployment rates declined in
North America, Sweden, and the United Kingdom during 1987, but rose in
Japan, France, and Italy and remained historically high in Australia,
Germany, and the Netherlands." The author notes that total employment
increased in all 10 countries in 1986 and in all but France and Italy
in 1987. Consideration is given to the availability of alternative data
sources and to data comparability.
Correspondence: J. Moy,
Division of Foreign Labor Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S.
Department of Labor, Washington, D.C. 20212. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
54:20769 Nakano,
Eiko. The evaluation of married women's desire for
employment. Jinko Mondai Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems,
No. 180, Oct 1986. 52-6 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
Changing trends
in the employment-seeking behavior of women in Japan are discussed,
with the focus on problems related to the estimation of female labor
force participation. The factors affecting female employment are
analyzed, including marriage duration, age, and stage of growth of
children.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20770 Nakano,
Eiko. Work courses among Japanese married women in the
parity progression process. Jinko Mondai Kenkyu/Journal of
Population Problems, No. 183, Jul 1987. 34-45 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
with sum. in Eng.
Employment patterns among married women in Japan
are examined using data from the 1984 Demographic Survey on Married
Women's Labor Force Participation. Three distinct patterns are
identified, two of which fit an M-shaped curve describing the ratio of
employment over successive ages. Part of the curve is explained on the
basis of changes in worker status in the course of parity progression.
A comparison is made between the work courses of married women with two
children in the marriage cohorts of 1955-1964, 1965-1974, and
1975-1984.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20771 Rendon,
Teresa; Salas, Carlos. The evolution of employment in
Mexico: 1895-1980. [Evolucion del empleo en Mexico: 1895-1980.]
Estudios Demograficos y Urbanos, Vol. 2, No. 2, May-Aug 1987. 189-230,
381 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"This paper
analyzes the changes both the level of employment and its structure
(according to the different economic sectors) underwent between 1895
and 1980 in Mexico. The analysis is based on the employment figures
which appear in different censuses....Not only does this paper point
out the long-term tendencies of global and sectorial employment, but it
also makes evident the existence of three distinct phases within the
period mentioned above....In each of these three phases, employment
acquires distinctive characteristics [regarding] its rhythm of growth
and its structure according to spheres of employment....The authors
point out the existence of some long-term tendencies present in the
changes that have occurred both in the volume and in the composition of
employment. They also pose a number of questions in relation to what
caused some of the changes employment has undergone during the period
analyzed."
Correspondence: C. Salas, Division de Estudios
de Posgrado, Facultad de Economia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Alvaro Obregon, 04510 Mexico City, DF,
Mexico. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20772 Shank,
Susan E. Women and the labor market: the link grows
stronger. Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 111, No. 3, Mar 1988. 3-8 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The labor force participation of U.S.
women aged 25-54 is examined using official data. Trends in female
employment during the period 1946-1987 by sex, age, ethnic group, and
marital status are outlined. Changes in the nature and extent of paid
employment among women of all age, race, and marital status groups are
highlighted. The author projects a slower rate of increase in female
labor force participation rates between 1986 and 2000 and a narrowing
of the gap between male and female rates.
Correspondence:
S. E. Shank, Division of Labor Force Statistics, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
54:20773 van der
Wijst, Ton. Developments in the age structure of the
labour force by industry and by occupation: an international
comparison for some selected countries of the Economic Commission for
Europe. Working Papers of the NIDI, No. 74, Dec 1987. ix, 66 pp.
Netherlands Interuniversity Demographic Institute [NIDI]: The Hague,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper reviews the changing age
distribution of the labour force by industry and by occupation in some
selected countries in Europe and North America. The period considered
regards the years 1970-1982." Consideration is also given to future
changes in the age structure of the labor
force.
Correspondence: NIDI, P.O. Box 11650, Lange
Houtstraat 19, 2502 AR The Hague, Netherlands. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20774 van der
Wijst, Ton. Recent and future changes in the age structure
of the Dutch working population by industrial division and by
occupational group. Working Papers of the NIDI, No. 75, Dec 1987.
ix, 66 pp. Netherlands Interuniversity Demographic Institute [NIDI]:
The Hague, Netherlands. In Eng.
The changing age structure of the
Dutch labor force in the period 1971-1985 is analyzed by industry and
occupation. The author notes that the changes in the age structure of
the female labor force in this period were particularly significant.
Consideration is given to probable future changes in the labor
force.
Correspondence: NIDI, P.O. Box 11650, Lange
Houtstraat 19, 2502 AR The Hague, Netherlands. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20775 Veron,
Jacques. Women's employment and family structure: what
are the relationships? [Activite feminine et structures
familiales: quelle dependance?] Population, Vol. 43, No. 1, Jan-Feb
1988. 103-20 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
The
existence of a causal relationship between women's labor force
participation and their attitudes toward marriage and family is
examined using French census data. "During the period between the
censuses of 1962 and 1982, striking changes occurred in France:
marriage and birth rates declined, divorce rates increased as did
women's labour force participation rates and the traditional
'working-life cycle' was broken. However, no relationship can be
established between the demographic variables and behaviour in the
labour market. An analysis based on a standard family structure
indicates that even if there had been no changes during the period, the
number of employed women would have been roughly the same....Changes in
family structure and the desire to engage in a gainful occupation are
not strongly correlated."
Correspondence: J. Veron,
Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 Rue du Commandeur, 75675
Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:20776 West,
Patrick C.; Blahna, Dale J.; Fly, J. Mark. The
unemployment impacts of the population turnaround in northern lower
Michigan. Rural Sociology, Vol. 52, No. 4, Winter 1987. 522-31 pp.
Bozeman, Montana. In Eng.
"We examine the effects of the population
turnaround on unemployment rates in a nine-county region in northern
lower Michigan. Data from census reports and a mailed questionnaire
were used to test the following competing hypotheses about unemployment
impacts: (1) labor-market infusion (or positive employment impacts),
(2) labor-market overload (or negative impact on unemployment and
increased competition for jobs), and (3) a mixed model in which the
balance of positive and negative impacts differs depending on
occupational status. Our major finding is that blue-collar persons
(both newcomers and long-term residents) experienced much higher
unemployment rates than white-collar persons. In other words, for
white-collar strata, labor-market infusion is supported; for
blue-collar strata, labor-market overload is
supported."
Correspondence: P. C. West, School of Natural
Resources, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1115.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20777 Yamanaka,
Keiko. Labor force participation of Asian American women:
ethnicity, work, and the family. Pub. Order No. DA8725833. 1987.
228 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In
Eng.
"This study analyzes the higher than average rates of labor
force participation among six groups of Asian American females using
data from the 1980 U.S. Population Census. The sample (N = 62,334)
consists of married women of working age (25-64) and includes both
native- and foreign-born Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos, Koreans, Asian
Indians, and Vietnamese. As the reference category, a comparable group
of non-Hispanic white women is chosen....The conceptual model
incorporates ethnic employment opportunity structures as the key factor
of Asian wives' participation, in addition to the conventional human
capital and family life cycle frameworks. Hypotheses are tested with
OLS multiple regression technique separately for each ethnic and
nativity group....This analysis provides a piece of evidence that the
ethnic enclave opportunity structures have positive impact, albeit
modest, on work rates of ethnic minority and immigrant women."
This
work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at Cornell
University.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International,
A: Humanities and Social Sciences 48(9).
