54:20461 Ahmed,
Ashraf U. Marriage and its transition in Bangladesh.
International Journal of Sociology of the Family, Vol. 16, No. 1,
Spring 1986. 49-59 pp. New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author
examines developments in marriage patterns in Bangladesh in light of
social, cultural, and economic conditions. Previous literature on the
subject is used to discuss Muslim marriage, Hindu marriage, child
marriage, mate selection and social mobility, and the question of a
marriage squeeze. "The analysis presents evidence that the society is
experiencing a change in its family formation, mating process and
family type. This transition is to some extent towards the
characteristics of [the] Western World, but in a poor economy. Part of
this transition is due to the effect of modernization and part due to
increasing poverty."
Correspondence: A. U. Ahmed, Institute
of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Ramna,
Dhaka, Bangladesh. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:20462 Amoateng,
Acheampong Y. The sociodemographic correlates of the
timing of family formation and dissolution in Ghana. Pub. Order
No. DA8727167. 1987. 179 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann
Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"Using the 1979/1980 Ghana Fertility
Survey, this study examined the effects of selected social and
demographic factors on the timing of marriage, fertility, and marital
dissolution. Among the sociodemographic factors examined were
education, occupation, ethnicity, religion, region, family structure,
and birth and marriage cohorts. The findings have shown the existence
of early and universal marriage in Ghana despite the increasing
tendency to postpone marriage. Moreover, childbearing follows soon
after marriage, and family size tends to be large in Ghana, despite a
recent decline in fertility. Contrary to expectation, we find both
high rates of divorce and increasing marital instability in the
country."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at
Brigham Young University.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts
International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 48(9).
54:20463
Basavarajappa, K. G.; Norris, M. J.; Halli, S. S.
Spouse selection in Canada, 1921-78: an examination by age, sex
and religion. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 20, No. 2, Apr
1988. 211-23 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"This paper presents
time series data on spouse selection in Canada for the period 1921-78.
Homogamous and edogamous trends are examined by age, sex and religion.
There is considerable variation in the level of endogamy amongst
religious groups. With respect to age, marriages were increasingly
homogamous up to 1971 and thereafter less so. Younger males
increasingly tended to select brides of their own age group until the
1960s, while older males have been increasingly heterogamous since
World War II. Females under 20 years of age tend to select older
grooms; other brides show no clear trend in their spouse selection by
age."
Correspondence: K. G. Basavarajappa, Demography
Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OT6, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20464 Bozon,
Michel; Heran, Francois. Finding a spouse. Part II: the
meeting place in social space. [La decouverte du conjoint. II.
Les scenes de rencontre dans l'espace social.] Population, Vol. 43, No.
1, Jan-Feb 1988. 121-50 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng;
Spa.
"The 'Formation of Couples' survey which was carried out [in
France] in 1983-1984 on a sample of 3,000 (people under 45, belonging
to couples, married or unmarried) investigated mechanisms at work in
the marriage market. In this second article, the places where the
couple first met (public dance, neighbourhood, school, work, etc.) are
studied in relation to the social origins of the individuals
concerned....There is a major difference between closed or reserved
social settings, where members of the upper classes generally meet, and
public places open to all, where working class couples first
meet."
For Part I, published in 1987, see elsewhere in this issue.
Correspondence: M. Bozon, Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques, 27 Rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20465 Bozon,
Michel; Heran, Francois. Finding a spouse. Part 1:
changes and morphology of the place of first encounters. [La
decouverte du conjoint. I. Evolution et morphologie des scenes de
rencontre.] Population, Vol. 42, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1987. 943-85 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
This is the first of a
two-part study on how couples meet their eventual spouses in France,
based on data from a survey of 3,000 persons under age 45 carried out
in 1983-1984. The present part is concerned with the context and
circumstances in which couples first meet. The questions asked in the
survey were developed from those used by Alain Girard in a 1959 survey.
"The open questions that were asked in the survey in 1959 we re-coded
to the categories of the new survey. This made it possible to trace
changes in modes of meeting between 1914 and 1984 (the rise and fall in
meetings at dances, the disappearance of neighbourhood meetings and of
arranged meetings, the increase in certain types of leisure activity,
etc.). These different kinds of meeting are related to more general
forms of sociability and are considered in their relation to the
socio-demographic characteristics of participants."
For the study by
Girard, published in 1964, see 31:2255.
Correspondence: M.
Bozon, Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 Rue du Commandeur,
75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:20466 Castro,
Teresa; Bumpass, Larry. Recent trends and differentials in
marital disruption. CDE Working Paper, No. 87-20, Jun 1987. 29,
[19] pp. University of Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology:
Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
"This paper documents the highest level
of marital disruption yet recorded for [the United States], and
examines the persistence of major differences by race, education, and
age at marriage. Given the growing prevalence of remarriage, the
comparative stability of first and second marriages is also examined.
We conclude with a consideration of some linkages between marital
disruption and changes in other family related areas....This analysis
is based on the marital histories from the June 1985 Current Population
Survey, a multi-stage stratified sample of the U.S. population. These
data have a clear advantage over vital statistics data because they
permit the use of separation instead of divorce dates to identify the
timing of marital disruption, and because they allow the analysis of a
number of covariates."
Correspondence: CDE, University of
Wisconsin, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1393.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20467 Devereaux,
Mary S. 1986 census highlights: marital status.
Canadian Social Trends, Spring 1988. 24-7 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng.
This is an overview of recent trends in nuptiality in Canada.
"Results from the 1986 Census show continuing shifts in the marital
status of Canadians since the last count in 1981. The numbers who were
divorced, separated, or widowed increased at a faster pace than did the
married and single populations."
Correspondence: M. S.
Devereaux, Canadian Social Trends, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
54:20468 Driver,
Edwin D.; Driver, Aloo E. Social and demographic
correlates of consanguineous marriages in south India. Journal of
Comparative Family Studies, Vol. 19, No. 2, Summer 1988. vi, xii,
229-44 pp. Calgary, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
Trends
in consanguineous marriage in south India are analyzed. Data are from a
stratified, random sample of 400 heads of households living in urban
Madras in 1966. The results indicate that consanguineous marriages
generally involved "men who were defined by their communities as the
most preferred types of mates--mother's brother, mother's brother's
son, or father's sister's son. As compared with non-consanguineous
marriages, these marriages were usually arranged by the parents and
usually occurred at young ages for bride and groom. Comparatively
speaking, they produced more offspring and had greater infant and child
mortality." Results are compared with other studies conducted in south
India and in the rest of the country.
Correspondence: E. D.
Driver, Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst,
MA 01003. Location: Princeton University Library (SSA).
54:20469 Dumas,
Jean. The evolution of first marriages in Canada.
[L'evolution des premiers mariages au Canada.] Cahiers Quebecois de
Demographie, Vol. 16, No. 2, Oct 1987. 237-65 pp. Montreal, Canada. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"The purpose of this paper is to
investigate to what extent the major socio-political events to the last
sixty years (the crisis of the 1930's, the second world war, etc.) have
influenced the behavior of Canadians towards (first) marriage. The
results of period as well as cohort analysis lead to the conclusion
that, while these events did not significantly affect the ultimate (at
age 50) frequency of first marriages among generations, they however
had a marked impact on the timing of marriage, and therefore on the
period measures."
Correspondence: J. Dumas, Demography
Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20470 Fargues,
Philippe. The demography of Arab-Muslim marriage:
tradition and change. [La demographie du mariage arabo-musulman:
tradition et changement.] Maghreb-Machrek, Vol. 116, Apr-Jun 1987.
59-73 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
Recent changes in marriage
patterns in the Muslim Arab world are analyzed. The author notes that
the problems posed by the early age at marriage for women, virtually
universal marriage, and a surplus of women in the marriage market were
traditionally resolved partly by polygyny but primarily by repudiation.
Changes over the past 25 years have tended toward a stabilization of
marriages and a decline in repudiation of
wives.
Correspondence: P. Fargues, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques [INED], 27 Rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris,
Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SY).
54:20471 Hooper,
Douglas A.; England, J. Lynn. Single females in rural
energy-impacted counties: the effects of rapid growth and a male
marriage-market squeeze. Rural Sociology, Vol. 53, No. 1, Spring
1988. 87-95 pp. Bozeman, Montana. In Eng.
"There are two hypotheses
concerning how rapid growth affects women in rural communities: (1)
women are more adversely affected than men, and (2) growth liberates
women from their traditional sex roles. We used a specific subgroup of
the [U.S.] female population--single, never-married females of
marriageable age--to examine these two hypotheses. This paper focuses
on how a male marriage-market squeeze caused by the influx of a large
number of single, never-married males of marriageable age affects these
females. The hypotheses, combined with proposals drawn from the
demographic literature on marriage markets, are tested using data from
counties in Montana and Utah impacted by energy development in the mid-
and late 1970s. The measures used are changes in nuptiality rates and
age patterns of first marriages."
Correspondence: D. A.
Hooper, Research and Evaluation Division, LDS Church, 50 East North
Temple, Salt Lake City, UT 84150. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:20472 Imaizumi,
Yoko. Familial aggregation of consanguineous marriages in
Japan. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 20, No. 1, Jan 1988.
99-109 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"The distribution of
consanguineous marriages among spouses and husband's and wife's parents
was analysed using data on 9,225 families in six widely different areas
of Japan. With two exceptions, the consanguinity rates for husband's
and wife's parents are higher in related spouses than in unrelated
spouses. The familial aggregation of consanguinity was slightly
decreased in more recent marriages, a change which began recently with
couples who have abandoned the more traditional Japanese way of
life."
Correspondence: Y. Imaizumi, Institute of Population
Problems, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20473 Jones, F.
L. Marriage patterns and the stratification system:
trends in educational homogamy since the 1930s. Australian and New
Zealand Journal of Sociology, Vol. 23, No. 2, Jul 1987. 185-98 pp.
Bundoora, Australia. In Eng.
Changes in marriage patterns over time
in Australia are examined using data from the 1981 census one percent
sample tape. The focus is on changes in the stratification of marriage
choices as reflected in educational status of spouses. The results
indicate no significant changes since the
1950s.
Correspondence: F. L. Jones, Department of
Sociology, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National
University, POB 4, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. Location: New
York Public Library.
54:20474 Keyfitz,
Nathan. A Markov chain for calculating the durability of
marriage. Mathematical Population Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1988.
101-21, 124 pp. New York, New York/London, England. In Eng. with sum.
in Fre.
"The usual Markov model of marriage permits informative
experiments on the effect of alterations in the transition rules. It
can tell, for example, what difference it would make to the durability
of marriage if there was no divorce and the other transitions were as
observed. This is in addition to the capacity of the usual model to
find the effect of small changes in the transition rates. Canadian
data for 1970-1982 permit comparisons over time, and show among other
things not only that married men live longer than single, but that the
difference is increasing; the increase in the 'marriage bonus' over
time also appears for women."
Correspondence: N. Keyfitz,
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg,
Austria. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20475 Kravdal,
Oystein; Noack, Turid. Divorce in Norway, 1965-1985: a
demographic analysis. [Skilsmisser i Norge, 1965-1985: en
demografisk analyse.] Rapporter fra Statistisk Sentralbyra, No. 88/6,
ISBN 82-537-2587-6. 1988. 147 pp. Statistisk Sentralbyra:
Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norway. In Nor.
Trends in divorce in Norway are
analyzed for the years 1965-1985, with a focus on determining the rates
of divorce among different groups of the population. Following a
discussion of data and methodology, the significance of marriage
cohort, number and age of children, timing of first birth, and marriage
age are considered. Rates for divorce in first and second marriages
are examined separately.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:20476 Lacombe,
Bernard. Informal unions in sub-Saharan Africa: the
example of the Congolese "second office". [Les unions informelles
en Afrique au sud du Sahara: l'exemple du deuxieme bureau congolais.]
Genus, Vol. 43, No. 1-2, Jan-Jun 1987. 151-64 pp. Rome, Italy. In Fre.
with sum. in Eng; Ita.
The author analyzes an informal type of
marital union known as the "second office", which is prevalent in
countries such as the Congo, the Ivory Coast, and Zaire. "He points
out...aspects of the phenomenon which pertain to tradition (polygamy)
as well as to sociological aspects linked to modern lifestyles
(affectivity in interpersonal relationships, preeminence of the father
over the uncle in matrilineal kinship systems), to the urban way of
life (greater feminine independence) and to essentially monetary
economic relationships. The survey method was based on 'focus
groups'."
Correspondence: B. Lacombe, Institut Francais de
Recherche Scientifique pour le Developpement en Cooperation, 24 Rue
Bayard, 75008 Paris, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:20477 Lengsfeld,
Wolfgang; Schwagler, Georg. Unions without
marriage--results of an empirical study. [Nichteheliche
Lebensgemeinschaften--Ergebnisse eines empirischen Projekts.]
Materialien zur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, No. 53, 1987. [412] pp.
Bundesinstitut fur Bevolkerungsforschung: Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal
Republic of. In Ger.
This is a report on a project conducted by the
University of Mainz on consensual union in the Federal Republic of
Germany. Two papers are first presented, one concerning marriage,
unmarried living partners, and the family, and the second a review of
the literature on consensual unions. Reports from project participants
are also included on topics such as reasons for not marrying, reasons
for separating, division of household responsibilities between married
people and between unmarried partners, female employment, and other
aspects of life for married and unmarried couples. Data for the
project are from interviews conducted in 1982-1984 with 236 married and
unmarried couples in three age groups.
Correspondence:
Bundesinstitut fur Bevolkerungsforschung, Gustav-Stresemann-Ring 6,
Postf. 5528, D-6200 Wiesbaden 1, Federal Republic of Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20478 Lin,
Sung-Ling. Marital selection and the child-bearing and
companionship functions of marriage and remarriage. Pub. Order No.
DA8722017. 1987. 196 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann
Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"Using data from the 1982 Cycle III of the
[U.S.] National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), this dissertation
concentrates on how the change of marital function between the first
and second marriages is associated with the degree of homogamy between
husbands and wives in first and second marriages, and similarity
between the two husbands in first and second marriages, with respect to
age, education, and religion....The present findings show that
child-bearing marriages tend to have a higher degree of homogamy in age
and religion while companionship marriages tend to have higher degree
of homogamy in education."
This work was prepared as a doctoral
dissertation at Arizona State University.
Source:
Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social
Sciences 48(7).
54:20479 Malaker,
Chitta R. On recent developments of marriage models and
their applications to Indian nuptiality. Genus, Vol. 43, No. 1-2,
Jan-Jun 1987. 93-102 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ita.
The author reviews various marriage models and applies them to data
for India. The models tested include Coale's model curve, Hernes's
model, and Hill's polynomials for first marriage distribution. The
author notes that age at entry into the marriage market is very low in
India and the pace of marriage is high, with almost universal marriage
for both sexes. The problems this poses for the three models
considered are discussed. The author concludes that "among different
models compared, Coale's three parameter curve gives a very
satisfactory representation of Indian
nuptiality."
Correspondence: C. R. Malaker, Demography
Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20480 Mutsaers,
W. C. M. The stability of second marriages. [De
stabiliteit van tweede huwelijken.] Bevolking en Gezin, No. 2, Dec
1987. 83-106 pp. Brussels, Belgium. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"Based on published research the stability of second marriages is
compared with that of first [using data primarily for the United
States]. Stability is defined in two ways in the literature, viz. the
behaviour of divorce and the inclination to divorce. The various ways
of measuring the frequency of divorce behaviour, as well as the
relation between divorce and marital satisfaction, are discussed. The
usefulness of the concept inclination to divorce is critically
evaluated. The results of the various enquiries on the stability of
second marriages are discussed and summarized. A suggestion is made for
research on the subject in the
Netherlands."
Correspondence: W. C. M. Mutsaers,
Zonnebloemlaan 10, 2111 ZG Aerdenhout, Netherlands. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20481 Nair, P.
S.; Koteshwar, R. K. Female age at marriage in Northern
Karnataka. Social Change, Vol. 17, No. 3, Sep 1987. 65-70 pp. New
Delhi, India. In Eng.
"The aim of this paper is to (i) furnish the
recent trends in female age at marriage in rural Northern Karnataka
[India] and (ii) examine the socio-cultural factors influencing very
early marriages. The main data set used is from a cohort analysis
pertaining to girls born in rural Dharwad during 1962-1972. The median
age at marriage is 16 years. Further, two-thirds of the girls are
married before 18 years and nearly one-fourth of the marriages are even
pre-puberty cases. Various factors--socio-cultural, social
psychological, economic etc.--responsible for the perpetuation of very
early marriages in the study area, in spite of the Child Marriage
Restraint Act, are discussed."
Correspondence: P. S. Nair,
Population Research Centre, JSS Institute of Economic Research,
Vidyagiri, Dharwad 580 004, Karnataka, India. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20482 Parnell,
Allan M. Marriage and motherhood: changing social
relationships in the United States. Pub. Order No. DA8722335.
1987. 152 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan.
In Eng.
Changes in the relationship between marriage and fertility
in the United States since World War II are examined. "This
dissertation examines each of the three sequences of marriage,
conception and motherhood for American women from 1946 through the
mid-1970s. Proportional hazards models are used to examine the first
birth interval, which measures the linkage between marriage and
motherhood. Women who conceive their first child premaritally are
examined to see who marries prior to the birth. For premarital
mothers, the interval between their first birth and first marriage is
examined."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Source:
Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social
Sciences 48(7).
54:20483 Rao,
Kamarsu V. Demographic models of age at first marriage and
first birth: an application to Canadian data. 1987. University
Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This thesis
examines various mathematical models suitable for the analysis of event
histories. The models discussed include [the] Coale-McNeil model,
Cox's model, and parametric failure time models. All these models are
applied to data on age at first marriage and first birth, obtained from
the Canadian Fertility Survey of 1984....The covariates considered are
place of residence, education, work, first birth status, and
religion....All four models considered are fitted, first without
covariates, and later with the five covariates, for each birth cohort
of women....The results from all the models indicate similar trends and
patterns across birth cohorts."
This work was prepared as a doctoral
dissertation at the University of Western Ontario.
Source:
Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social
Sciences 48(9).
54:20484 Rowland,
Robert. Mortality, migratory movements, and age at
marriage in the Iberian Peninsula. [Mortalidad, movimientos
migratorios y edad de acceso al matrimonio en la Peninsula Iberica.]
Boletin de la Asociacion de Demografia Historica, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1987.
41-63 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa.
The author examines the
possibility of using singulate mean age at marriage, as defined by John
Hajnal in 1953, for the estimation of models of nuptiality in the
Iberian Peninsula. He also evaluates to what extent demographic
conditions in the region in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
(relatively severe mortality and high levels of migration in some
areas) affected the accuracy of the estimates. Two alternatives are
presented that use model populations to compensate for the lack of
adequate statistical information.
For the article by Hajnal,
published in 1953, see 20:851.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:20485 Sathar,
Zeba A.; Kiani, M. Framurz K. Delayed marriages in
Pakistan. Pakistan Development Review, Vol. 25, No. 4, Winter
1986. 535-52 pp. Islamabad, Pakistan. In Eng.
"This paper's primary
objective is to explore the impact of modernization, particularly of
expansion of education and modern sector employment, urbanization and
migration, on proportions never married in various age groups [in
Pakistan]....The primary source of data for this study is the Migration
module of the Population, Labour Force and Migration (PLM) Survey of
1979. Supplementary data have also been taken from Pakistan's
population censuses of 1961, 1972 and 1981....This study mainly
underscores the importance attached to education, particularly of
females, as an important policy tool for bringing about significant
delays in marriage and subsequently in lowering fertility. Pre-nuptial
employment of women, particularly in the modern sector, though of small
magnitude, is of critical importance in changing attitudes not only
towards marriage but, subsequently, towards child-bearing and
contraception also." A comment by M. N. I. Farooqui is included (pp.
551-2).
Correspondence: Z.A. Sathar, Senior Research
Demographer, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad,
Pakistan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20486 Susokolov,
A. A. International marriages in the USSR.
[Mezhnatsional'nye braki v SSSR.] Populyarnaya Demografiya, 1987. 143
pp. Mysl': Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
Trends in marriage between people
of different ethnic groups in the USSR are analyzed. Factors
considered include sources of information on marriages and families,
how spouses met, who is employed, divorce, and children and family
size.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
54:20487 United
Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs (New
York, New York). First marriage: patterns and
determinants. No. ST/ESA/SER.R/76, 1988. vi, 110 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
This is one of two publications that will present the
main results of a worldwide review of patterns of first marriage. It
presents "a review of the nuptiality literature as it bears on the
concepts of marriage and determinants of first marriage patterns. In
addition, it provides current data on first marriage patterns and
minimum legal age at marriage for all countries for which data or
information are currently available." Separate consideration is given
to developed and developing countries.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:20488 United
States. Bureau of the Census (Washington, D.C.). Marital
status and living arrangements: March 1987. Current Population
Reports, Series P-20: Population Characteristics, No. 423, Apr 1988.
iii, 73 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This report presents detailed
statistics on the marital status and living arrangements of the
noninstitutional population of the United States based on the March
1987 Current Population Survey. The statistics are presented by age,
sex, race, Hispanic origin, and, in some instances, by metropolitan
residence and region. In past years, this report contained an analysis
of the data, comparing the current survey results to past surveys
and/or decennial censuses. This year, this portion of the report has
been omitted so the release of current survey data is more timely."
Appendixes include definitions and explanations of categories, and
information on data sources and reliability.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20489 Wheeler,
Raymond H.; Gunter, B. G. Change in spouse age differences
at marriage: a challenge to traditional family and sex roles?
Sociological Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 3, Fall 1987. 411-21 pp.
Greenwich, Connecticut. In Eng.
The authors hypothesize that
marriage postponement by women, the dispersion of divorce through the
life cycle, more equal distribution of power between the sexes, and
wide swings in fertility will affect age differences by sex in U.S.
marriages. Data from a Florida county for the period 1930-1980 show an
increasing percentage of women marrying men younger than themselves, a
trend confirmed by 1985 data. An analysis of these changes is
presented, and some explanations for them are
provided.
Correspondence: R. H. Wheeler, Department of
Sociology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620.
Location: New York Public Library.
54:20490 Wu,
Lawrence L. J. Age dependence in rates of first marriage:
an exploratory analysis of women in the United States, 1880-1970.
Pub. Order No. DA8720445. 1987. 274 pp. University Microfilms
International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
Age dependence in rates
of first marriage among women in the United States between 1880 and
1970 is studied by analyzing marriage histories of a large sample from
the June Supplement to the 1980 Current Population Survey. "Overall,
the results...suggest that a woman's decision to marry consists of two
broad sets of factors whose explanatory power varies with age. The
first set of factors involves practical considerations and has the
greatest explanatory power during the ages when most women marry.
These factors include schooling status, disadvantageous economic
circumstances, and age norms. A second set of factors concerns a
logically prior issue--whether to marry at all."
This work was
prepared as a doctoral dissertation at Stanford
University.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International,
A: Humanities and Social Sciences 48(6).
54:20491 Abrahamse,
Allan F.; Morrison, Peter A.; Waite, Linda J. Beyond
stereotypes: who becomes a single teenage mother? Pub. Order No.
R-3489-HHS/NICHD. ISBN 0-8330-0832-3. LC 87-32393. Jan 1988. xv, 88 pp.
Rand Corporation: Santa Monica, California. In Eng.
This study is
concerned with the factors affecting single teenage pregnancy in the
United States. The data concern 13,000 contemporary high school
sophomore women included in the High School and Beyond survey. The
focus of the study is on identification of the background
characteristics that determine teenagers' risk of becoming single
mothers, the extent to which family and religious influences temper
those risks, and what other kinds of influences may further modify such
risks. "Our analysis shows that young women with different background
profiles exhibit markedly different rates of single parenthood over the
two-year period they were tracked. Rates vary from as low as one in a
thousand (for high-ability, high-SES [socioeconomic status] white
respondents in intact families) to as high as one in four (for
low-ability, low-SES black girls from female-headed
families)."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20492 Abrahamse,
Allan F.; Morrison, Peter A.; Waite, Linda J. Teenagers
willing to consider single parenthood: who is at greatest risk?
Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 20, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1988. 13-8 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
The authors explore factors that
contribute to the willingness of U.S. teenagers to consider single
parenthood. "The willingness to consider single motherhood can be
traced to patterns of nonconforming behavior, to the educational
opportunity costs of becoming a single mother and, at least among
whites and Hispanics, to self-reported depression, which may be a proxy
for low self-esteem....The data presented in this article are taken
from the High School and Beyond panel study, a large, nationally
representative study begun in spring 1980 that has conducted follow-up
surveys at two-year intervals since then."
Correspondence:
P. A. Morrison, Population Research Center, University of Texas,
Austin, TX 78712. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:20493 Adewuyi,
Alfred A. Intergenerational change in family size among
the urban residents in Ibadan, Nigeria. Genus, Vol. 43, No. 1-2,
Jan-Jun 1987. 121-32 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ita.
The relationship between the sizes of family of origin and family
of procreation is analyzed using data for 845 households in Ibadan,
Nigeria. The results indicate that the relationship is positive but not
significant. This weak relationship is attributed to the fact that the
population surveyed is one of high social aspirations and of
first-generation urban status, for whom size of family of origin is of
little significance.
Correspondence: A. A. Adewuyi,
Department of Demography and Social Statistics, University of Ife,
Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:20494 Avdeev, A.
A. The family in pre-capitalist societies. [Sem'ya v
dokapitalisticheskikh formatsiyakh.] In: Detnost' sem'i: vchera,
segodnya, zavtra, edited by L. L. Rybakovskii. Demografiya: Problemy i
Perspektivy, 1986. 26-38, 200 pp. Mysl': Moscow, USSR. In Rus. with
sum. in Eng.
"Economic determination of changes in family size
during the precapitalist epoch [in the USSR] is analysed. It is argued
that familial type of production creates demand [for a] high number of
children and [that] historical decay of this production type
constitutes the main cause of fertility decline."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20495 Becker,
Gary S. Family economics and macro behavior. American
Economic Review, Vol. 78, No. 1, Mar 1988. 1-13 pp. Nashville,
Tennessee. In Eng.
In this 1987 presidential address to the
American Economic Association, the author explores the contributions of
the field of family economics to macroeconomic analysis. The focus is
on family behavior as an active, endogenous factor that both affects
and is affected by the evolution of the economy. "Much of the time is
spent on long-term economic growth, although I also discuss short and
long cycles in economic activity, and the interaction between
overlapping generations through Social Security, transmission of
inequality, and in other ways....Many conclusions in these and
presumably other macro areas change radically when family choices get
the attention they deserve."
Correspondence: G. S. Becker,
Departments of Economics and Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago,
IL 60637. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
54:20496
Bestuzhev-Lada, I. V. The future of the family as
an issue in social forecasting. [Budushchee sem'i i sem'ya
budushchego v problematike sotsial'nogo prognozirovaniya.] In: Detnost'
sem'i: vchera, segodnya, zavtra, edited by L. L. Rybakovskii.
Demografiya: Problemy i Perspektivy, 1986. 178-96, 202 pp. Mysl':
Moscow, USSR. In Rus. with sum. in Eng.
The author discusses
possible future developments in family structure under conditions of
socialism. It is suggested that there will be a decrease in the
numbers of large families and of childless families, and that the
number of single and divorced persons will
decline.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20497 Bracher, M.
D. The Australian Family Project. Journal of the
Australian Population Association, Vol. 4, No. 2, Nov 1987. 106-22 pp.
Carlton South, Australia. In Eng.
"The Australian Family Project
was established by the Research School of Social Sciences of the
Australian National University in 1985 to investigate the social,
demographic and economic forces that have been changing the shape and
nature of the Australian family over the last generation. To create
its data base, the project conducted a national sample survey in 1986
in which detailed personal histories were obtained from men and women.
This paper documents the background and planning for the survey, its
content and the organization, execution and outcome of the
fieldwork."
Correspondence: M. D. Bracher, Australian
Family Project, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National
University, GPO Box 4, Canberra City, ACT 2601, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20498 Chen,
Jie. Preliminary study on the methodology for dynamic and
static observations of family households. Population Research,
Vol. 4, No. 2, Apr 1987. 24-31 pp. Beijing, China. In Eng.
The
author discusses methodology for the study of household change based on
census data and on the results of a 1984 household survey conducted in
Yunan province, China. Attention is given to both static and dynamic
observation of family size and composition. The focus is on
ascertaining the similarities and discrepancies between families and
households.
This is a translation of the Chinese article in Renkou
Yanjiu (Beijing, China), No. 4, 1986.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:20499 da Costa,
Iraci del N.; Nozoe, Nelson H.; Porto, Cornelia N. Family
and household structure in Brazil: quantitative changes and lines of
convergence. [Estrutura das familias e dos domicilios no Brasil:
mudancas quantitativas e linhas de convergencia.] Estudos Economicos,
Vol. 17, No. 3, Sep-Dec 1987. 367-403 pp. Sao Paulo, Brazil. In Por.
with sum. in Eng.
The structure of rural households in Brazil is
analyzed using data from national household surveys conducted between
1978 and 1984. Comparisons are made with urban households. Factors
considered include household size, relationship to head of household,
sex distribution, and characteristics of head of household. The
authors conclude that rural and urban households are becoming more
similar in size and composition over time.
Correspondence:
I. del N. da Costa, Fundacao Instituto de Pesquisas Economicas, Cidade
Universitaria Armando de Salles Oliveira, Caixa Postal 11.474, CEP
05508 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:20500 Davis,
Mari. Work and family functioning: an annotated
bibliography selected from FAMILY Database. ISBN 0-642-12190-7.
Sep 1987. 143 pp. Australian Institute of Family Studies: Melbourne,
Australia. In Eng.
"This bibliography lists Australian works
published since 1980 about work and family life. It provides
annotations to recent research and other publications on the impacts of
work on family life and the care of children, on women, the aged,
adolescents, migrants and disabled persons." Sections are also included
on family size and employment, migrants and employment, and one-parent
families and employment.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:20501 de Graaf,
A. The stability of the expectation: "no more
children". [De stabiliteit van de uitspraak: "geen kinderen
meer"] Maandstatistiek van de Bevolking, Vol. 35, No. 12, Dec 1987.
27-32 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
The
reliability of women's stated expectations not to have more children is
tested using data from the Netherlands Fertility Survey of 1982 and the
1985 follow-up survey. The factors most closely associated with
persisting in having no more children include parity, age of youngest
child, and degree of certainty.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:20502 DeVoe,
Pamela A. Structural considerations in the comtemporary
Taiwanese farm family: survival of the large family ideal.
International Journal of Sociology of the Family, Vol. 17, No. 1,
Spring 1987. 57-65 pp. New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The structure of
farm families in an industrializing rural area in west-central Taiwan
is explored using data for 96 households in Hsiu-Shui district. The
results suggest that despite modernization and social change, "the
large family ideal still persists and expresses itself as a
compartmental family which offers both the individual freedom of a
nuclear family and the support and security of a large extended
family."
Correspondence: P. A. DeVoe, Missouri Institute of
Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:20503 Dudchenko,
O. N. Family wealth and number of children in the
family. [Blagosostoyanie i chislo detei v sem'e.] In: Detnost'
sem'i: vchera, segodnya, zavtra, edited by L. L. Rybakovskii.
Demografiya: Problemy i Perspektivy, 1986. 81-93, 200 pp. Mysl':
Moscow, USSR. In Rus. with sum. in Eng.
"The article discusses
methodological questions of...studies of social and economic fertility
factors [in the USSR]. A brief overview of statistical studies of
[the] income-fertility relationship is presented. Results of [a] recent
socio-demographic study are used to follow-up and correlate certain
trends of living standards and reproductive behavior of the
families."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20504 Eliseeva,
I. I.; Kadibur, T. S. Welcome, new persons.
[Zdravstvui, novyi chelovek.] Populyarnaya Demografiya, 1987. 141 pp.
Mysl': Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
Characteristics of families in the
USSR are examined. Chapters are included on family formation, the
birth rate and its ties to family structure, education and the family,
family size, extended families, education and society, and the
school-age population.
Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
54:20505 Gauthier,
Anne H. New estimates of child costs in Canada.
[Nouvelles estimations du cout de l'enfant au Canada.] Cahiers
Quebecois de Demographie, Vol. 16, No. 2, Oct 1987. 187-208 pp.
Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"In order to be
able to appraise to what extent policy measures compensate for the cost
of rearing a child, one needs an estimate of this cost. In this paper,
the author presents a new model which is applied to data obtained from
the survey of family expenditures, made in 1982 by Statistics Canada.
The first part is devoted to the methodological and theoretical
considerations on which the model is based, and the second part
analyses the estimates of the cost of a child, according to age and
rank of the child, and standard of living of the
family."
Correspondence: A. H. Gauthier, Demography
Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20506 Germany,
Federal Republic of. Bundesinstitut fur Bevolkerungsforschung
(Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of). Family
formation in the Federal Republic of Germany: survey results.
[Familienbildung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland:
Stichtagergebnisse.] Materialien zur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, No. 54,
1987. xvi, 129 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger.
This is a cross-sectional comparison of data on family formation
collected at two-year intervals between 1975 and 1983 in the Federal
Republic of Germany. Information is provided on socioeconomic factors
related to family formation, including education and occupation,
occupational status and income, family financial status, and attitudes
toward marriage. Sections are also included on children, the desire to
have them, and determinants of family size; housing, living conditions,
and number of children; level of satisfaction with the living
situation, schools, and characteristics of the neighborhood; family
relationships; contraceptive use and methods, desired family size, and
unwanted pregnancy; and family size and the decline in
fertility.
Correspondence: Bundesinstitut fur
Bevolkerungsforschung, Gustav-Stresemann-Ring 6, Postf. 5528, D-6200
Wiesbaden, Federal Republic of Germany. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:20507 Germany,
Federal Republic of. Bundesinstitut fur Bevolkerungsforschung
(Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of). Family
formation in the Federal Republic of Germany: methodology and base data
concerning selected themes (limited panel analysis).
[Familienbildung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Methodische
Aufbereitung und Basisdaten uber ausgewahlte Themenkomplexe
(eingeschrankte Panelanalyse).] Materialien zur
Bevolkerungswissenschaft, No. 55, 1988. vi, 209 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany,
Federal Republic of. In Ger.
This is a follow-up to a longitudinal
study on family formation, involving 2,235 women from the Federal
Republic of Germany who were interviewed five times between 1975 and
1984. The author tests the value of selected data and their potential
use for later panel analysis. Changes during the inquiry intervals are
documented for selected indicators. The information pertains to
marital status, attitudes toward marriage, household size, parents and
in-laws, attitudes toward family size, financial status, residence
characteristics, employment status of wife and husband, family
planning, and attitudes and opinions on a variety of family
issues.
Correspondence: Bundesinstitut fur
Bevolkerungsforschung, Postfach 5528, 6200 Wiesbaden, Federal Republic
of Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20508 Haskey,
John. One-person households in Great Britain: living
alone in the middle years of life. Population Trends, No. 50,
Winter 1987. 23-31 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This article
examines the numbers and characteristics of people aged from 30 to 59
who live alone. The historical growth in the proportion of people
living alone is traced from the beginning of the century and the trends
over the last 25 years are examined against the background of changes
in household and family composition. Almost one quarter of all
households in Great Britain in 1985 were one-person households, but
among households where the head was aged from 30 to 59, the proportion
was smaller at one in nine. The article analyses the composition of
those living alone by their age and marital status and, using data from
the Longitudinal Study, assesses the importance of changes in marital
status upon the likelihood of starting to live
alone."
Correspondence: J. Haskey, Population Statistics
Division, OPCS, St. Catherines House, 10 Kingsway, London WC2 6JP,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20509 Hirosima,
Kiyosi. Factors affecting the recent change in headship
rate in Japan. Jinko Mondai Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems,
No. 182, Apr 1987. 62-9 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
Changes in
household formation patterns in Japan between 1975 and 1985 are
analyzed. The author notes a decline in the rate of household
formation in this period, particularly a decline in the headship rate
among males in their 20s and 30s. Changes in headship rate are
analyzed in terms of age, marital status, and household
composition.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20510 Hirosima,
Kiyosi. Recent change in prevalence of parent-child
co-residence in Japan. Jinkogaku Kenkyu/Journal of Population
Studies, No. 10, May 1987. 33-41 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Eng. with sum. in
Jpn.
"Co-residence of parents and grown-up (especially married)
children has been one of the most important factors that affect the
trends in household formation in recent Japan. This article reports
the proportion co-residing...using a nation-wide large-sample household
survey data set containing about 300,000 persons in each year....The
proportion of parents who co-reside with children...had remarkably
decreased during the period 1975 to 1985, especially for younger elders
regardless of their marital status....On the contrary, the proportion
co-residing of married children aged 20-39 with their parents had been
constant or slightly rising...during the same period. These two
opposite trends can be interpreted as follows: though the preference
for co-residence has declined both for parents and for children, the
child availability for parents has barely changed and the downward
trend in preference has directly appeared [in] the proportion
co-residing; while the parent availability for children has increased
owing to the decrease in number of siblings to be balanced with the
decreasing preference."
Correspondence: K. Hirosima,
Institute of Population Problems, Ministry of Health and Welfare,
Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20511 Hoem,
Britta; Hoem, Jan M. The Swedish family: aspects of
contemporary developments. Stockholm Research Reports in
Demography, No. 43, ISBN 91-7820-030-X. Oct 1987. 31 pp. University of
Stockholm, Section of Demography: Stockholm, Sweden. In Eng.
"This
paper reviews trends in family-related demographic behavior in Sweden
since the early 1960s. These trends have included dramatic changes in
family formation and in the role of women, both in the family and in
working life." Specifically, trends pertaining to consensual union,
marriage age, maternal age, divorce, and female labor force
participation are discussed. The author comments on the ways in which
the Swedish experience differs from that of other European countries
and discusses the social policies responsible for these differences.
Data from the Swedish Fertility Survey of 1981 are used for cohort
analyses.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20512 Islomov,
S. Evolution of family types and fertility levels of the
rural population in Tadzhikistan. [Razvitie tipov semei i
rozhdaemost' sel'skogo naseleniya Tadzhikistana.] Narodonaselenie,
1987. 156-69 pp. Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
Changes in family structure
and fertility levels among the rural population of the Tadzhik SSR are
analyzed. The impact of socioeconomic and psychological factors on the
general decline in family size is examined.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20513 Kharchev,
A. Family and parenthood. [Sem'ya i roditel'stvo.]
Kommunist, No. 9, 1987. 72-82 pp. Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
Recent
changes affecting the family and fertility in the USSR are reviewed.
Topics covered include abortion trends, attitudes toward fertility
outside marriage, alcoholism and its impact on child health and family
stability, the impact of family income and housing on child quality and
family stability, divorce, and the growing popularity of consensual
unions and voluntary childlessness.
Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
54:20514 Kuz'min,
A. Regional differences in the number of children in
workers' families in the Urals. [Regional'nye osobennosti detnosti
rabochei sem'i na Urale.] Narodonaselenie, 1987. 73-96 pp. Moscow,
USSR. In Rus.
Trends in family size among blue-collar families
living in the Urals are analyzed. Changes in family structures and
relationships and in women's status within the family since the
nineteenth century are described, with a focus on the increasing
participation of women in the labor force. It is noted that the result
of such changes has been a trend toward smaller
families.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20515
Lakiza-Sachuk, N. N. Socio-demographic conditions
of the development of the contemporary family.
[Sotsial'no-demografischeskaya obuslovlennost' formirovaniya
sovremennoi sem'i.] Demograficheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 11, 1987.
69-75 pp. Kiev, USSR. In Rus. with sum. in Eng.
The relationship
between social conditions and family development in the Ukrainian SSR
is analyzed for the period 1970-1979. Factors considered include
changes in the occupational structure of the population, increased
levels of education among women, and changes in the rate of female
labor force participation.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:20516 Laumon, B.;
Mamelle, N.; Munoz, F.; Measson, A. Sociodemographic
characteristics and intentions for further births in France.
Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 20, No. 1, Jan 1988. 31-6 pp.
Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"In the Lyon region of France, 356
couples of childbearing age were interviewed [in 1981-1982] regarding
their fertility intentions. Couples intending to have, and not to
have, further children were compared. The former are less often
skilled workers or qualified office staff, the woman is less likely to
work, and the couple had their first child at a relatively late age.
These differences are still present after adjustment for the couple's
ages and number of children."
Correspondence: B. Laumon,
INSERM U 265, 151 Cours Albert-Thomas, Lyon, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20517 Lelievre,
Eva. Definitive migration to France and family
constitution. [Migrations definitives vers la France et
constitution de la famille.] Revue Europeenne des Migrations
Internationales, Vol. 3, No. 1-2, 1987. 35-53 pp. Poitiers, France. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
Data from a survey of 383 individuals,
either aliens or naturalized citizens, aged 45-69 residing in France in
1981 are used to examine the relationship between migration and the
family life cycle. The results indicate that "marriage, which is an
obstacle to migration for women born before 1915, actually favours
migration in later generations. Furthermore, the [fertility] of
naturalized citizens (2.64 children per woman) is shown to be markedly
lower than that of foreigners (3.67) and approaches the national level
of that period (2.60) in a few years only."
Correspondence:
E. Lelievre, INED, 27 Rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20518 Luo,
Jiqiong. Changes in the family structures of the elderly
in Taiwan in the past 10 years. Taiwan Jingji Yuce/Taiwan Economy
Forecast, Vol. 18, No. 2, Nov 1987. 83-107 pp. Taipei, Taiwan. In Chi.
The author uses family income surveys undertaken in Taiwan during
the past 10 years to study the effect of economic development on the
family structures of the elderly and to forecast future living
arrangements of the elderly. The author finds that the living
arrangements of the elderly are changing rapidly and that the
proportion of elderly living alone is rising.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20519 Nizharadze,
T. Aspects of reproductive behavior among rural families
in Georgia. [Nekotorye aspekty reproduktivnogo povedeniya sel'skoi
sem'i v Gruzii.] Narodonaselenie, 1987. 97-118 pp. Moscow, USSR. In
Rus.
The trend toward smaller families among the rural population
of the Georgian SSR is analyzed. Factors affecting family size are
investigated. Data are from surveys of 1,448 women living in four rural
areas of Soviet Georgia.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:20520 Ram,
Bali. Reproduction: the Canadian family in
transition. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 20, No. 1, Jan
1988. 19-30 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"Three trends suggest
that the reproductive function of the Canadian family is in transition.
First, fertility has fallen and remained below the replacement level.
Secondly, an increasing proportion of women are spending a larger part
of their lives without having any children. Finally, an increasing
proportion of women are having children without getting married." The
data are from official Canadian sources.
Correspondence: B.
Ram, Demography Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20521
Rybakovskii, L. L. Family size: yesterday, today,
tomorrow. [Detnost' sem'i: vchera, segodnya, zavtra.]
Demografiya: Problemy i Perspektivy, 1986. 205 pp. Mysl': Moscow,
USSR. In Rus. with sum. in Eng.
This is a collection of articles by
different authors concerning past, present, and future trends in family
size in the USSR.
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent
issues of Population Index.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:20522 Santi,
Lawrence L. Baby boom and marriage bust: implications for
change in the structure and size of American households, 1970 to
1985. CDE Working Paper, No. 87-7, [1987]. 18, [15] pp. University
of Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology: Madison, Wisconsin. In
Eng.
"This paper investigates the household-level implications of
recent changes in the composition of the [U.S.] population by age and
by marital status. Strong and relatively stable patterns of household
headship mediated the impact of these population changes, moderating
change in the distribution of householders by age and amplifying change
in the distribution of householders by marital status. The changing
marital status distribution of householders thus emerges as a pivotal
aspect of change in American households, with implications for both the
structure and size of households." Data are from the March Current
Population Surveys for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, and
1985.
Correspondence: CDE, University of Wisconsin, 1180
Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1393. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20523 Santi,
Lawrence L. The implications of the changing age structure
for changes in the structure and size of American households: 1970 to
1985. CDE Working Paper, No. 87-3, 1987. 13, [8] pp. University of
Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology: Madison, Wisconsin. In
Eng.
The author examines the relationship between changes in the
age distribution of the U.S. population during the period 1970-1985 and
changes in American households during the same period. It is found
that "the average size of American households decreased dramatically
from 1970 to 1980, and at a somewhat slower rate from 1980 to 1985. A
direct standardization procedure...shows that changes in the age
structure should have produced a slight decrease in average household
size from 1970 to 1975, and slight increases in each of the two
subsequent five-year intervals. This disparity between actual and
expected household sizes is attributed to changes in age-specific
patterns of household formation...and to changes in age- and household
type-specific household sizes...."
Correspondence: CDE,
University of Wisconsin, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI
53706-1393. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20524 Santi,
Lawrence L. The use of log-linear models to assess
compositional effects: the case of household headship in the United
States, 1970-1985. CDE Working Paper, No. 87-6, [1987]. 12, [4]
pp. University of Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology:
Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
"This paper demonstrates the use of
log-linear models to assess the effects of changing population
composition by age and by marital status on changes in the likelihood
of headings one's household in the United States from 1970 to
1985....Substantively, the analysis shows that the effects of the
compositional factors varied over the 15-year interval, at times
operating at cross-purposes. The propensity to head one's own
household, net of compositional change and compositional effects,
increased from 1970 to 1980 and decreased in the first half of the
1980's." Data are from the March Current Population Surveys for the
years 1970, 1975, 1980, and 1985.
Correspondence: CDE,
University of Wisconsin, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI
53706-1393. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20525 Shimizu,
Hiroaki. Regional differences in the family
structure. Jinko Mondai Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems, No.
176, Oct 1985. 33-7 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
The author examines
regional differences in family structure in Japan as they relate to
differences in family life styles. Official data are used to analyze
the period from 1973 to 1983. The focus is on regional differences in
the prevalence of three-generational families.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20526 Simm,
Regina. The dynamics of partner selection and family
formation. The internal dynamics of partner systems and family systems
and their structural characteristics and consequences.
[Partnerschaftsdynamik und Familienentwicklung. Die interne Dynamik
von Partner- und Familiensystemen und ihre strukturellen Bedingungen
und Folgen.] IBS-Materialien, No. 25, ISBN 3-923340-18-4. 1987. [vii],
151 pp. Universitat Bielefeld, Institut fur Bevolkerungsforschung und
Sozialpolitik: Bielefeld, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger.
This report is part of a sociological study of reproductive
behavior in North Rhine-Westphalia, Federal Republic of Germany. It
focuses on partner selection, the course and duration of couples'
relationships, and the influence of the structure and dynamics of
pairing on the institution of the family. Sections are included on the
structure of pairs, the selection process, conditions that precede the
forming of a pair, the dynamics of pair formation and conditions
preceding parenthood, and the relationship between pair formation and
family formation. Data are from a longitudinal study performed in
1981, 1983, and 1985-1986 involving 2,620 women aged 18-30 and their
partners.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20527
Sinel'nikov, A. B. The number of children in the
Soviet family. [Chislo detei v sovetskoi sem'e.] In: Detnost'
sem'i: vchera, segodnya, zavtra, edited by L. L. Rybakovskii.
Demografiya: Problemy i Perspektivy, 1986. 54-69, 200 pp. Mysl':
Moscow, USSR. In Rus. with sum. in Eng.
"The article focuses on [a]
consistent trend [toward a decrease in the] number of children in the
Soviet family during the last quarter of this century, which is
primarily reflected in diminishing frequency of the third and following
birth orders. [A] cost-effectiveness analysis of the population policy
measures undertaken in the [eleventh] five-year period is
presented."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20528 Sweet,
James A.; Bumpass, Larry L. American families and
households. The Population of the United States in the 1980s: A
Census Monograph Series, ISBN 0-87154-148-3. LC 87-32113. 1987. xxxii,
416 pp. Russell Sage Foundation: New York, New York. In Eng.
This
study, undertaken for the National Committee for Research on the 1980
Census, is one in a series presenting analyses of the results of the
1980 U.S. census. The present volume is an examination of changes in
U.S. families and households, based on data from the 1980 census and
data from other sources covering the past 20 years. Chapters are
included on marriage, the never-married, married couples, the incidence
of marital disruption, the formerly married, children, the older
population, households, female-headed and nonfamily households, and
implications for the future. Consideration is given to differences by
ethnic group, educational status, age, and sex. The major changes
identified include a decline in household size, a decline in rates of
marriage and childbirth, an increase in rates of separation and
divorce, an increase in the number of one-person households, an
increase in the time children spend in one-parent families, and changes
in the situation of the elderly.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:20529 Thornton,
Arland; Fricke, Thomas E. Social change and the family:
comparative perspectives from the West, China, and South Asia.
Sociological Forum, Vol. 2, No. 4, Fall 1987. 746-79 pp. Ithaca, New
York. In Eng.
"In this paper we draw upon recent substantive
findings from several disciplines to make some generalizations about
the influence of social and economic change of family structure and
relationships. We take a historical and comparative approach to this
issue and examine the experiences of three major sociocultural regions:
the West [the populations of Northwest Europe and the European
migrants to North America and Australia], China [using data from
Taiwan], and South Asia. A primary goal of this paper is to identify
processes of social change that operate across regions as well as to
specify ways in which family change depends upon cultural context. Our
focus is on interrelationships between parents and children during the
transition to adulthood. Specifically, we are interested in the
involvement of children in the family economy, the living arrangements
of young adults, marriage, and the autonomy of young people in making
important decisions about their lives."
Correspondence: A.
Thornton, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, MI 48106. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:20530 Tsuladze,
G. E.; Chankvetadze, T. V. The formation of school-age
children's attitudes about number of children in the family.
[Formirovanie predstavlenii shkol'nikov o chisle detei v sem'e.] In:
Detnost' sem'i: vchera, segodnya, zavtra, edited by L. L. Rybakovskii.
Demografiya: Problemy i Perspektivy, 1986. 104-16, 201 pp. Mysl':
Moscow, USSR. In Rus. with sum. in Eng.
Attitudes about family size
are investigated using data for Tbilisi, USSR, school-age children and
their mothers. Children's desired and expected future family sizes are
found to be lower than their mothers' family size attitudes. Means of
counteracting this negative family-size trend are
suggested.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20531 Valentei,
D. I. Urban and rural families. [Gorodskaya i
sel'skaya sem'ya.] Narodonaselenie, 1987. 285 pp. Mysl': Moscow, USSR.
In Rus.
This is a collection of papers by different authors
concerning the family in the USSR, although one paper is included on
the People's Republic of China. The focus is on trends in family
structure and formation in various areas of the country and on
differences between urban and rural areas.
Selected items will be
cited in this or subsequent issues of Population
Index.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20532 van de
Giessen, G. J. The stability of long-term birth
expectations, 1982-1985. [De stabiliteit van lange termijn
geboorteverwachtingen, 1982-1985.] Maandstatistiek van de Bevolking,
Vol. 35, No. 11, Nov 1987. 20-9 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands. In Dut. with
sum. in Eng.
Changes in expected number of births in the
Netherlands are examined using data from the 1982 Netherlands Fertility
Survey and a follow-up survey conducted in 1985. "On the 'yes', 'no',
'don't know' level, the answers of four out of every five respondents
were identical in 1982 and 1985. On the level of an exact number of
additional children this was three out of five. The expectation not to
have any (more) children turned out to be stable for 87% of the
respondents; the expectation to have one or more (additional) children
for 84%. On an aggregate level there were minimal changes in the
average expected number of additional children."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20533 Viazzo,
Pier P.; Albera, Dionigi. Nuptiality, fertility, and
family structure: the case of the western Alps. [Nupcialidad,
fecundidad y estructura familiar: el caso de los Alpes occidentales.]
Boletin de la Asociacion de Demografia Historica, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1987.
5-40 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa.
Trends in family formation in the
western Alps are analyzed, considering not only nuptiality and
household structure but also marital fertility in the Alpine regions of
France, Switzerland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Austria, and the Federal
Republic of Germany. The authors use data from anthropological
literature and from the Princeton European Fertility Project to provide
a historical perspective on matrimonial models in the Alps. Sections
are included on trends in nuptiality and fertility in the western Alps,
an investigation of unstable equilibrium between nuptiality and
fertility using data for the community of Alagna, Italy, and
similarities between trends in the study region and those outlined in a
Hungarian model of families and fertility. The role of emigration in
family formation is also considered.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:20534 Volkov, A.
G.; Darskii, L. E. Demographic development of the
family. [Demograficheskoe razvitie sem'i.] In: Demograficheskoe
razvitie v SSSR, edited by L. L. Rybakovskii. Demografiya: Problemy i
Perspektivy, 1985. 53-72 pp. Mysl': Moscow, USSR. In Rus. with sum. in
Eng.
Recent trends in the development of the family in the USSR are
analyzed. Topics considered include marriage patterns, particularly
the increase in celibacy and changes in age at marriage; declining
family stability; changes in the reproductive function of the family;
the nuclear family; the trend toward smaller families; and social and
normative influences on family patterns.
Location: U.S.
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
54:20535 Voss,
Hans-Georg; Mayer, Hans-Jurgen. Sex of child and birth
intervals in families with several children. [Geschlecht des
Kindes und Geburtenintervalle in Mehrkindfamilien.] Zeitschrift fur
Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 13, No. 4, 1987. 491-503 pp. Wiesbaden,
Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"This
contribution will investigate the question whether the sex of a child
will have a bearing on the number of the subsequent children [and] on
the birth intervals....Data records taken from the residents'
registration data sets of a total of 3,098 [West German] families with
one child [and] several children...were analyzed. The results are as
follows: 1) With single-child families, the primary sex ratio
corresponds to the population mean. 2) During the time interval 10 to
48 months after the birth of the first child, an effect of the sex of
the elder sibling on the birth interval could be noted in regard of the
total group of families with several children....3) With families
having three or four children the sex combination girl/girl is
frequently represented and the combination girl/boy is more rarely met
than could be expected statistically or according to
random."
Correspondence: H.-G. Voss, Technische Hochschule
Darmstadt, Institut fur Psychologie, Steubenplatz 12, 6100 Darmstadt,
Federal Republic of Germany. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:20536 Waldrop,
Judith. The fashionable family. American
Demographics, Vol. 10, No. 3, Mar 1988. 22-6 pp. Ithaca, New York. In
Eng.
Present and future trends in family characteristics in the
United States are analyzed based on data from the Current Population
Survey. The focus is on factors affecting family
income.
Correspondence: J. Waldrop, American Demographics,
108 N. Cayuga Street, Ithaca, NY 14850. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:20537 Watanabe,
Yoshikazu. On the definition of household in longitudinal
observation. Jinko Mondai Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems,
No. 180, Oct 1986. 41-5 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
The objective of
this study is to consider the concept of the household in the analysis
of changes in household structure over time. The focus is on the
analysis of household changes in Japan.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:20538 Watkins,
Susan C.; Menken, Jane A.; Bongaarts, John. Demographic
foundations of family change. American Sociological Review, Vol.
52, No. 3, Jun 1987. 346-58 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The
authors analyze the impact of increased life expectancy on the time
current cohorts spend as members of a family in the roles of parents,
children, or spouses. This is examined by a simulation of U.S.
demographic conditions in 1800, 1900, 1960, and 1980. The results
suggest that despite declining fertility and higher divorce, women in
the 1960 and 1980 cohorts spent more years in marriage and as parents
than did earlier generations. They also spent more years as children
of aged parents. However, not only did number of years spent in
marriage and as parents decline between 1960 and 1980, but current
cohorts spent a smaller proportion of their adult lives in such roles.
The implications of these trends for social change are
considered.
Correspondence: S. C. Watkins, Department of
Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk CR,
Philadelphia, PA 19104. Location: New York Public Library.
54:20539 Xie,
Yu. On regional variation of sex preference in China.
CDE Working Paper, No. 87-16, [1987]. 26 pp. University of Wisconsin,
Center for Demography and Ecology: Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
The
author attempts to show that sex preference in mainland China is
homogenous across regions and nationalities. The primary data source
was the 1982 National Fertility Survey, which provides percent and base
figures for couples participating in the one-child program, couples
using contraception, and those who have more than one child. Findings
are compared with those of an earlier study by Arnold and Liu. "[The
present study's] finding of the variation of sex preference along the
dimensions of education and place of residence supports [the author's]
theory that changes in social, economic and cultural structures are
necessary for further reducing sex preference in China."
For the
article by Fred Arnold and Xhao Xiang Liu, published in 1986, see
52:30271.
Correspondence: CDE, University of Wisconsin,
1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1393. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20540 Zotin, V.;
Mytil', A. Views of newlyweds on the number of children in
the family. [Predstavleniya molodozhenov o chisle detei v sem'e.]
Narodonaselenie, 1987. 45-72 pp. Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
Views of
newlyweds concerning desired and expected family size are investigated.
Data are from a survey of 400 young couples in first marriages living
in Moscow.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:20541 Zvereva,
N. Studying the multi-child family. [Kak izuchat'
mnogodetnost'.] Narodonaselenie, 1987. 119-41 pp. Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
The author discusses methodological issues involved in the study of
large families. The need to integrate demographic and sociological
approaches is noted. The value of children in different time periods
and among different ethnic groups is examined in relation to
socioeconomic conditions. Data are for Soviet Central
Asia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
