54:10677 Bolivar
Chollet, Miguel. Capitalism and population: a study of
demographic trends in capitalist societies since the Industrial
Revolution. [Capitalismo y poblacion: estudio sobre el
comportamiento demografico en el capitalismo desde la Revolucion
Industrial.] Coleccion Libros, 1984. 397 pp. Universidad Central de
Venezuela, Facultad de Ciencias Economicas y Sociales: Caracas,
Venezuela. In Spa.
This study is concerned with demographic
developments since the Industrial Revolution, particularly with the
impact of capitalist developments on demography. The author discusses
the demographic setting in eighteenth-century Europe at the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution and traces the demographic impact of
industrial changes up to the early twentieth century. The second part
of the volume is concerned with the demography of present-day,
developed, capitalist countries. In these first two parts, a critique
of demographic transition theory is presented. The third part focuses
on the demographic aspects of underdevelopment and capitalism in
contemporary developing countries, with emphasis on the consequences
for mortality and fertility of economic dependency, heterogeneity, and
unequal development.
Location: New York Public Library.
54:10678 Deardorff,
Alan V. Trade and capital mobility in a world of diverging
populations. In: Population growth and economic development:
issues and evidence, edited by D. Gale Johnson and Ronald D. Lee.
Social Demography, 1987. 561-88 pp. University of Wisconsin Press:
Madison, Wisconsin; National Research Council, Committee on Population,
Working Group on Population Growth and Economic Development:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Prospects for trade and capital mobility
among developed and developing countries, which are experiencing
increasingly divergent factor endowments, are discussed. Particular
attention is paid to growing differences among countries' labor forces.
A two-country, one-sector growth model with international investment
and differing population growth rates is outlined. Simulations are
produced using a modified version that allows for different
technologies and imperfect capital mobility. Based on these models,
the author anticipates insufficient long-term capital flows from
developed to developing countries and the continuing export of
capital-intensive goods from developed (North) countries and
labor-intensive goods from developing (South) countries. "Furthermore,
as both labor and capital endowments grow in South relative to North,
the range of goods that South will provide will expand, requiring that
the least capital-intensive of those industries still in North be
displaced."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10679 Lam,
David. Distribution issues in the relationship between
population growth and economic development. In: Population growth
and economic development: issues and evidence, edited by D. Gale
Johnson and Ronald D. Lee. Social Demography, 1987. 589-627 pp.
University of Wisconsin Press: Madison, Wisconsin; National Research
Council, Committee on Population, Working Group on Population Growth
and Economic Development: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Theoretical
arguments and empirical evidence that rapid population growth has
negative distributional consequences are examined. The author "first
briefly summarizes the existing cross-national evidence on the effects
of population growth on inequality. The next two sections represent an
attempt to disentangle the compositional and welfare effects of
population growth: first is a discussion of compositional effects
associated with changing age structure, household composition, and
differential fertility; this is followed by a discussion of welfare
effects, including effects on wages, and on intrahousehold distribution
and intergenerational mobility." It is found that "some widely held
arguments for negative distributional consequences appear theoretically
sound and receive support from empirical evidence; other arguments
either appear less convincing theoretically, are contradicted by data,
or in many cases simply cannot be tested carefully given the data
currently available."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:10680 Mason,
Andrew. National saving rates and population growth: a
new model and new evidence. In: Population growth and economic
development: issues and evidence, edited by D. Gale Johnson and Ronald
D. Lee. Social Demography, 1987. 523-60 pp. University of Wisconsin
Press: Madison, Wisconsin; National Research Council, Committee on
Population, Working Group on Population Growth and Economic
Development: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This chapter presents new
analysis and evidence on the link between population growth and
national saving. The analysis is based on the variable rate-of-growth
effect model [developed earlier by the author], which distinguishes two
population growth effects: the rate of growth effect and the
dependency effect. As in the traditional life-cycle model, an increase
in the growth rate of aggregate income, given life-cycle patterns of
household saving, leads to higher aggregate saving. To the extent,
then, that population growth leads to higher growth of aggregate
income, saving increases with population growth. An increase in child
dependency operates in the opposite direction." The model is tested
using international cross-sectional data for the period
1960-1980.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10681 Nigoul,
Claude. Underdevelopment and demography: factors of
uncertainty in the Mediterranean region. [Unterentwicklung und
Demographie: Unsicherheitsfaktoren im Mittelmeer-Raum.] Europa Archiv,
Vol. 42, No. 17, Sep 10, 1987. 489-96 pp. Bonn, Germany, Federal
Republic of. In Ger.
Problems of underdevelopment and demography in
the Mediterranean region are examined. Attention is given to economic
inequalities between the Mediterranean countries and the wealthy
industrial nations of Europe, regional and rural-urban differences
within the Mediterranean countries, and problems of economic
dependency.
Correspondence: C. Nigoul, Institut Europeen
des Hautes Etudes Internationales, Palais de Marbre, 9 Avenue de
Fabron, 06200 Nice, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
54:10682 Willis,
Robert J. Externalities and population. In:
Population growth and economic development: issues and evidence,
edited by D. Gale Johnson and Ronald D. Lee. Social Demography, 1987.
661-702 pp. University of Wisconsin Press: Madison, Wisconsin; National
Research Council, Committee on Population, Working Group on Population
Growth and Economic Development: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The
major focus of this chapter is on possible externalities and other
failures of market and nonmarket institutions that are associated with
the size, distribution, and growth of population, and that may lead to
socially undesirable outcomes. However, a large portion of the
discussion is devoted to presenting and examining a simple version of a
theoretical model that produces socially optimal outcomes....[The
chapter] begins with a brief look at the concept of externalities and
market failures and applies these to some demographic phenomena in
which conventional tools of analysis are adequate. The discussion
turns first to technological externalities, and then to pecuniary
externalities and the distribution of welfare. The chapter then
examines a set of questions concerning the conditions under which the
private and social costs and benefits of parental fertility decisions
coincide or diverge; this set of questions requires the explicit
treatment of intergenerational issues" involving transfers through both
market and family institutions.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10683 Academia
Sinica. Institute of Economics (Taipei, Taiwan).
Conference on economic development and social welfare in Taiwan,
January 6-8, 1987. [1987]. [xiv], 898 pp. Taipei, Taiwan. In Eng.
This publication, issued in two volumes, contains the proceedings
of a conference on the impact of rapid industrializaion and
modernization in Taiwan. It includes consideration of such issues as
social security and the elderly, the family and household, and
employment and the labor force.
Selected items will be cited in this
or subsequent issues of Population Index.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10684 Ahlburg,
Dennis A. The impact of population growth on economic
growth in developing nations: the evidence from
macroeconomic-demographic models. In: Population growth and
economic development: issues and evidence, edited by D. Gale Johnson
and Ronald D. Lee. Social Demography, 1987. 479-521 pp. University of
Wisconsin Press: Madison, Wisconsin; National Research Council,
Committee on Population, Working Group on Population Growth and
Economic Development: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This chapter reviews
several economic-demographic models of developing countries, focusing
on the predicted impact of population change on economic development.
Early models found a very large negative impact of population growth on
economic development. More recent models have found this negative
impact to be smaller than previously thought, and a few have found the
impact to be positive in the long run. Other models have shown the
impact of population change to vary widely across countries and to have
little impact on the degree of urbanization."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10685 Chanana, H.
B.; Talwar, P. P. Aging in India: its socioeconomic and
health implications. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, Vol. 2, No.
3, Sep 1987. 23-38 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
Socioeconomic and
health consequences of aging in India are analyzed. By the year 2000,
India will have the second largest elderly population in the world,
according to official projections. The growth rate, sex ratio, and
marital, labor, and literacy status of the elderly are predicted to
result in a higher dependency ratio by the 2001. Socioeconomic aspects
of this aging population will affect government policy and also the
family unit, which has traditionally provided care for the
elderly.
Correspondence: H. B. Chanana, Department of
Statistics and Demography, National Institute of Health and Family
Welfare, New Delhi, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:10686 Chen,
Kuanjeng; Tu, Jow-ching. The effect of population change
on family resources for retirement. In: Conference on economic
development and social welfare in Taiwan, January 6-8, 1987, Volume 1.
[1987]. 323-35 pp. Academia Sinica, Institute of Economics: Taipei,
Taiwan. In Eng.
"This paper attempts to summarize the composition
of population aging and explore its effects on individuals and
households in terms of family resources for retirement. The first
section provides a brief interpretation of the population aging in
Taiwan, in light of population transition beginning from the early
1920's and until the end of the first quarter of the next century. The
second section examines the provisions for retirement within one's own
household and family. It is shown that since the availability of
descendent and collateral kin determines the probability of having
relatives and descendents to help meet the necessities of retirement
life, changes in mortality and fertility can have a profound impact on
the well-being of the aged." Comments by Arland Thornton and
Ching-lung Tsay are included (pp. 331-5).
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10687 Holzhausen,
Walter. The population problem in Turkey (as seen from the
perspective of a foreign donor). Nufusbilim Dergisi/Turkish
Journal of Population Studies, Vol. 9, 1987. 63-73 pp. Ankara, Turkey.
In Eng. with sum. in Tur.
"This article focuses on the population
problem of Turkey from a foreign donor's point of view. Within this
frame, political, social and economic implications of the population
growth are discussed. Besides concentrating on the economic growth
argument, the ethical questions that population control and family
planning pose are emphasized as well." Arguments are placed in an
international context using references to the relationship between
economic growth and population growth as experienced in other
countries.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10688 Hurd,
Michael D. Mortality risks and bequests. In:
Conference on economic development and social welfare in Taiwan,
January 6-8, 1987, Volume 1. [1987]. 281-322 pp. Academia Sinica,
Institute of Economics: Taipei, Taiwan. In Eng.
"I analyze an
extended life cycle model of consumption in which utility depends on
the path of consumption and bequests. The theoretical section gives
conditions under which consumption and wealth will decline with age.
Using panel data on the wealth of the elderly, I estimate the degree of
mortality risk aversion, the subjective time rate of discount and the
marginal utility of bequests. An important part of both the
theoretical and empirical work is to account for the boundary condition
on the consumption path caused by annuities. The results indicate that
the consumption path is sensitive to variations in mortality rates, and
that the marginal utility of bequests is small." A summary of the
subsequent discussion is included (pp. 317-22).
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10689 James,
Jeffrey. Population and technical change in the
manufacturing sector of developing countries. In: Population
growth and economic development: issues and evidence, edited by D.
Gale Johnson and Ronald D. Lee. Social Demography, 1987. 225-56 pp.
University of Wisconsin Press: Madison, Wisconsin; National Research
Council, Committee on Population, Working Group on Population Growth
and Economic Development: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The impacts of
population on the rate and direction of technical change in the
manufacturing sector of developing countries are examined, with
attention first given to historically distinctive aspects of latecomers
to industrialization. "The focus will be on the four mechanisms
through which these impacts are transmitted: (1) the dampened
inducement to innovate; (2) the permissive effect of scale economies;
(3) population density, urban concentration, and infrastructural
investment; and (4) population size, the domestic capital goods sector,
and indigenous technical change." No evidence is found of a simple
relationship among the population and technical change variables.
Instead, the author postulates a more complex set of relationships and
identifies in a summary table the circumstances in which several
proposed causal relationships will hold.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10690 Jemai,
Hedi. Population and development in Africa.
[Population et developpement en Afrique.] Serie des Livres du CODESRIA,
1987. iv, 389 pp. Conseil pour le Developpement de la Recherche
Economique et Sociale en Afrique [CODESRIA]: Dakar, Senegal. In Eng;
Fre.
This book contains papers in either English or French by
various authors concerning aspects of the relationship between
population and development in Africa. The papers are organized under
three themes: population movement, including rural exodus,
international migration, and population redistribution; relationships
between demographic and economic growth in the precolonial, colonial,
and post-colonial periods; and mortality changes. Specific analyses
are presented for the Ivory Coast, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and
Senegal.
Correspondence: CODESRIA, Publication Section, BP
3304, Dakar, Senegal. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:10691 Johnson, D.
Gale; Lee, Ronald D. Population growth and economic
development: issues and evidence. Social Demography, ISBN
0-299-11130-X. LC 86-40447. 1987. xiii, 702 pp. University of Wisconsin
Press: Madison, Wisconsin; National Research Council, Committee on
Population, Working Group on Population Growth and Economic
Development: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The 17 chapters in this
volume review the available empirical evidence on the complex set of
interrelationships between population growth and economic development
in developing countries from a variety of perspectives. The issues
examined include the relationship between population growth and natural
resources; agriculture; savings, investment and trade; health,
education, and welfare; and labor and urbanization. In addition,
several chapters attempt to unravel the conceptual issues involved in
understanding how population change affects economic
development....Taken together, the chapters provide a review of much,
although not all, of the literature on the subject. In addition to a
review of literature, many of the chapters contain original theoretical
or empirical research."
Selected items will be cited in this or
subsequent issues of Population Index.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10692 Khalatbari,
Parviz. Demographic and demo-economic problems in
developing countries. [Demographische und demo-okonomische
Probleme der Entwicklungslander.] Asien, Afrika, Lateinamerika, Vol.
12, No. 5, 1984. 821-31 pp. Berlin, German Democratic Republic. In Ger.
Demographic, social, and economic problems confronting developing
countries are discussed. Issues addressed include differences between
former and current demographic transitions, factors influencing the
balance of mortality and fertility, the effects of foreign capital on
traditional economies, the introduction of modern production techniques
and the means of lowering mortality, strains on local food supplies,
and the inability of developed countries to absorb their own potential
work forces.
Correspondence: P. Khalatbari, Sektion
Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Bereich
Demographie, 102 Berlin Spandauer Strasse 1, German Democratic
Republic. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10693 Lin,
Chung-Cheng. Demographic transition and financial support
for the aged in Taiwan. Journal of Population Studies, No. 10, Jun
1987. 1-14 pp. Taipei, Taiwan. In Chi. with sum. in Eng.
Policy
issues related to demographic aging in Taiwan are discussed. The
old-age dependency burden anticipated by the year 2030 is outlined, and
the need for new economic and social policies to support the growing
retired population is stressed.
Correspondence: C. C. Lin,
Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10694 Pingali,
Prabhu L.; Binswanger, Hans P. Population density and
agricultural intensification: a study of the evolution of technologies
in tropical agriculture. In: Population growth and economic
development: issues and evidence, edited by D. Gale Johnson and Ronald
D. Lee. Social Demography, 1987. 27-56 pp. University of Wisconsin
Press: Madison, Wisconsin; National Research Council, Committee on
Population, Working Group on Population Growth and Economic
Development: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This chapter describes the
process by which agricultural societies have traditionally coped with
increasing population densities. It explores the impact of population
density on the overall nature of the farming system, on land use
patterns and yields, on the location and nature of land investments, on
the use of mechanical technology, and on the production of organic
fertilizers. In the process, it also briefly addresses causes of
agricultural intensification other than population growth and the
problem of environmental degradation that can result from population
growth. The focus of the chapter is on how societies have been able to
achieve agricultural growth resulting from farmer-based innovations
rather than science-based inputs."
Examples cited are from a
compilation of cases for a World Bank research project on agricultural
mechanization in sub-Saharan Africa. A worldwide data set containing
specific farming information for 52 locations in Africa, Asia, and
Latin America is used to empirically test four hypotheses concerning
the farming intensity, labor input, yields, and fertilizer use. The
authors identify systematic, predictable changes in farming systems and
land-use patterns in response to changes in population densities and
observe that these changes are generally associated with increased
labor requirements, a slight drop in labor productivity, and, in
certain areas, soil degradation. The authors conclude that these
problems are not entirely attributable to population
densities.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10695 Universite
du Benin. Unite de Recherche Demographique (Lome, Togo).
Demography in the service of the nation. Proceedings of the
national seminar on the integration of demographic variables in
development planning, Kara, July 20-23, 1987. [La demographie au
service de la nation. Actes du seminaire national sur l'integration
des variables demographiques dans la planification du developpement,
Kara, 20-23 juillet 1987.] Etudes Togolaises de Population, No. 12,
1987. ii, 211, [28] pp. Lome, Togo. In Fre.
These are the
proceedings of a national conference on the integration of demographic
variables in development planning in Togo held in Kara in 1987. Papers
are included on employment statistics, education, methods of
demographic data collection and analysis, population trends and
prospects, and demo-economic models.
Correspondence: Unite
de Recherche Demographique, Universite du Benin, B.P. 12971, Lome,
Togo. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10696 Willis,
Robert J. Public and private intergenerational transfers,
economic growth and demographic transition. In: Conference on
economic development and social welfare in Taiwan, January 6-8, 1987,
Volume 2. [1987]. 717-51 pp. Academia Sinica, Institute of Economics:
Taipei, Taiwan. In Eng.
The author examines hypotheses concerning
the relationships among economic growth, intergenerational transfers,
and fertility decline using data for Taiwan, with particular attention
to the fact that the economic and demographic transition occurred very
rapidly in Taiwan before the development of an extensive system of
social welfare. The author outlines "some theoretical approaches on
demographic transition and intergenerational relations that economists
and demographers have been pursuing during the last decade. [He then
considers] how these theoretical ideas might apply to the Taiwanese
situation and to policies such as the introduction of social security."
A summary of the subsequent discussion is included (pp.
741-51).
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10697 Wolfson,
Margaret. Population and poverty in sub-Saharan
Africa. Habitat International, Vol. 9, No. 3-4, 1985. 201-8 pp.
Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In the following paragraphs an attempt
will be made to examine the intricate inter-relationships between
population and development in sub-Saharan Africa today, and to consider
what are the prospects for converting the human resources so abundantly
available into an effective development
asset."
Correspondence: M. Wolfson, OECD Development
Centre, 94 Rue Chardon-Lagache, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
54:10698 Ben-Porath,
Yoram. Market, government, and Israel's muted baby
boom. Maurice Falk Institute for Economic Research in Israel
Discussion Paper, No. 85.06, Jun 1985. 50 pp. Maurice Falk Institute
for Economic Research in Israel: Jerusalem, Israel. In Eng.
The
impact of the baby boom that occurred in Israel in the 1950s is
examined, with particular reference to the effects on the labor market
and the government sector. The author describes how the school system
evolved to cope with these demographic changes. The role of the army
in absorbing the increasing population of working age is noted. The
author concludes that governments may be able to react effectively to
such demographic shocks but have trouble adjusting downward once the
pressure subsides.
Correspondence: The Maurice Falk
Institute for Economic Research in Israel, P. Naphtali Building, The
Hebrew University, Mount Scopus, 91905 Jerusalem, Israel.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10699 Boskin,
Michael J. Intergenerational aspects of government policy
under changing demographic and economic conditions. Business
Economics, Vol. 22, No. 3, Jul 1987. 18-24 pp. Cleveland, Ohio. In Eng.
"The population is aging, which, coupled with declining
productivity, changes the features of the U.S. economy. Growth in real
per capita income has slowed dramatically, although it was masked
initially by an increase in the fraction of the population working.
Slowing income growth raises questions of government policy,
particularly financing social security benefits and reducing the burden
of the national debt. The equity of the transfer of benefits and costs
across generations is considered, together with the extent the
transfers may be offset by private interfamily
transfers."
Correspondence: M. J. Boskin, Department of
Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
54:10700 Carlino,
Gerald A.; Mills, Edwin S. The determinants of county
growth. Journal of Regional Science, Vol. 27, No. 1, Feb 1987.
39-54 pp. Peace Dale, Rhode Island. In Eng.
"This paper explores
the determinants of population and employment densities
interregionally. The theoretical model, due to Steinnes and Fisher,
permits simultaneous determination of population and employment
densities. This is applied to data for about 3,000 counties in the U.S.
to analyze the effects of economic, demographic, climatic, and
policy-related variables on the growth of population and employment,
during the 1970s. Considering employment, differential county growth is
explained in terms of economic and demographic conditions; regional and
policy variables matter less. For population, climate matters as a
preference for sunbelt states is found. Local government programs
regarding education and tax policy seem to play a
role."
Correspondence: G. A. Carlino, Federal Reserve Bank
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. Location: Princeton
University Library (UES).
54:10701 Denton,
Frank T.; Spencer, Byron G. Population change and the
Canadian economy: a survey of the issues. QSEP Research Report,
No. 186, Jan 1987. 68 pp. McMaster University, Faculty of Social
Sciences, Program for Quantitative Studies in Economics and Population:
Hamilton, Canada. In Eng.
The authors aim "to provide an overview
of the demographic changes that have taken place in recent decades in
Canada, the changes that are in prospect for the next several decades,
and the manner in which the Canadian economy is likely to be affected
by these changes....Our concern is principally the economic
implications of population change....We begin...with a brief review of
Canada's population history. We consider next the historical
relationship between the labour force and the population. Some basic
demographic projections to the year 2036, and an associated projection
of the labour force, are presented. We then return to the subject of
how the population and the economy interact with each other, giving
detailed attention to issues on both the supply and the demand sides of
the economy. A separate section is provided on the role of immigration
in the determination of economic-demographic change....A section on the
demographics of subpopulations then follows....We shall try to make the
case that the age structure and efficiency of the stock of plant,
equipment, and other types of capital are closely linked to changes in
population...."
Correspondence: Program for Quantitative
Studies in Economics and Population, Faculty of Social Sciences,
McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M4, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10702 Fortin,
Bernard; Fortin, Pierre. Three studies on the economic
impact of the demographic decline. [Trois essais sur l'impact
economique du declin demographique.] Departement d'Economique Cahier,
No. 8704, Dec 1986. 45 pp. Universite Laval, Faculte des Sciences
Sociales, Departement D'Economique: Laval, Canada. In Fre.
This
publication contains three studies on aspects of the economic effect of
population decrease. The first study compares a population growing at
one percent a year with one declining at one percent a year. The
second considers the effect of a population decrease on the economic
situation of young people. The final study examines the effect of
population decrease on public sector costs. The general concern is
with the situation in Canada.
Correspondence: Departement
d'Economique, Faculte des Sciences Sociales, Universite Laval, Cite
Universitaire, Quebec, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10703 Hohn,
Charlotte. Social consequences of a population
decline. [Soziale Konsequenzen eines Bevolkerungsruckgangs.]
Zeitschrift fur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 13, No. 3, 1987. 289-302
pp. Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger. with sum. in Eng;
Fre.
This is a speculative examination of the social consequences
of declining population using the Federal Republic of Germany as an
example. The author bases her presentation on a continuation of
current trends and focuses on the problems of demographic aging that
she predicts will occur after the year 2015. Topics include financing
care for the elderly, the dependency burden, the changing role of
guestworkers and other foreigners, and the effects of demographic aging
on intergenerational relationships. The article concludes with a
discussion of social values and the role they will play in an aging
society.
Correspondence: C. Hohn, Bundesinstitut fur
Bevolkerungsforschung, Postfach 55 28, 6200 Wiesbaden 1, Federal
Republic of Germany. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:10704 Loriaux,
Michel. The emergence of a new scientific paradigm
concerning an old phenomenon: demographic aging. [Emergence d'un
nouveau paradigme scientifique concernant un phenomene ancien: le
vieillissement des populations.] European Journal of Population/Revue
Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 3, No. 1, Nov 1987. 1-5 pp. Amsterdam,
Netherlands. In Fre.
The author develops the concept that
demographic aging in Western societies imposes a challenge rather than
a threat. He describes the research activities that are being
developed by institutions to meet this
challenge.
Correspondence: M. Loriaux, Departement de
Demographie, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10705 Morrison,
Peter A. Changing demographics: what to watch for.
Business Economics, Vol. 22, No. 3, Jul 1987. 5-8 pp. Cleveland, Ohio.
In Eng.
This study is concerned with the importance of current U.S.
demographic trends to business. "The article considers changes in
several areas: household reconfiguration, new employment patterns,
changing age mix, and the new geography of growth. The significance of
these changes for the work of the business economists in spotting
emerging growth markets and identifying long-term strategic issues is
discussed."
Correspondence: P. A. Morrison, Population
Research Center, The RAND Corporation, 1700 Main Street, Santa Monica,
CA 90406. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
54:10706 Sauvy,
Alfred. Living better or living longer. [Vivre mieux
ou vivre plus.] Cahiers de Sociologie et de Demographie Medicales, Vol.
27, No. 3, Jul-Sep 1987. 191-219 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
An
overview of long-term demographic trends in France is presented, with
attention to factors associated with and consequences of demographic
aging. Declines in mortality and fertility rates in various regions of
the world during the last 200 years are discussed, and the baby boom of
the 1950s as well as persistently high fertility rates in certain
developing areas are mentioned. The focus is on a range of social,
economic, and political consequences of increased life expectancy,
including projected health care costs and implications for social
security.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10707 Chao,
Kang. Man and land in Chinese history: an economic
analysis. ISBN 0-8047-1271-9. LC 84-51715. 1986. xii, 268 pp.
Stanford University Press: Stanford, California. In Eng.
This book
examines the historical response of the people of China to mounting
population pressure and its economic consequences. In the first
chapter, the author constructs a theoretical model to illustrate how
people in a market economy change their preferences for economic
institutions and production techniques when population and available
land fail to grow in the same proportions. The next two chapters are
concerned with the measurement of population and arable land in
traditional China, followed by two chapters on land fragmentation and
land distribution. Tenure systems are examined to determine whether
adjustments postulated by the author in the face of increasing
population pressure in fact occurred. A chapter is also included on
agricultural technology.
Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
54:10708 Chen,
Wei. A brief account of the contradiction between the size
of our population and the amount of cultivated land and its
consequences. Renkou Yanjiu, No. 5, Sep 29, 1985. 21-2 pp.
Beijing, China. In Chi.
The author provides an overview of trends
in population size and quantity of cultivated land in China during the
last four decades. The importance of family planning in curbing rapid
population growth in recent years and the beneficial consequences of
this development are noted.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:10709
Fauve-Chamoux, Antoinette. Agrarian trends and
demographic growth. [Evolution agraire et croissance
demographique.] ISBN 2-87040-041-1. 1987. 389 pp. Ordina Editions:
Liege, Belgium; Commission Internationale de Demographie Historique:
Paris, France. In Eng; Fre.
This is a collection of papers that
were presented at a colloquium held in Stuttgart, Federal Republic of
Germany, August 29-30, 1985, sponsored by the International Commission
on Historical Demography. One of the themes at the meeting was agrarian
trends and demographic growth. This selection of papers, in either
English or French, is organized under the four session headings:
non-European growth models, Southern European models, European
(west-central and northwestern) models, and the Belgian example. Among
the geographic areas discussed are Japan, China, southern Brazil,
Mexico, Peru, the Saguenay region in Canada, Spain, Corsica, Italy,
England, Schleswig-Holstein under both Danish and German rule,
Switzerland, Finland, and Belgium. The papers focus on historical
developments occurring, for the most part, between 1500 and 1900. The
final section is a brief conclusion and outline of the arguments
presented. A list of the colloquium participants and a list of papers
presented at the meeting but not included in this volume are also
provided.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10710 Hayami,
Yujiro; Ruttan, Vernon W. Population growth and
agricultural productivity. In: Population growth and economic
development: issues and evidence, edited by D. Gale Johnson and Ronald
D. Lee. Social Demography, 1987. 57-101 pp. University of Wisconsin
Press: Madison, Wisconsin; National Research Council, Committee on
Population, Working Group on Population Growth and Economic
Development: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The relationship between
population growth and agricultural productivity is examined from the
perspective of recent development thought. A model of induced
technical innovation in agriculture, involving land-power, power-labor,
and fertilizer-land ratios, is outlined and tested using data for the
United States and Japan for the years 1880-1980. Recent experiences in
the Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, and Korea are used to illustrate the
interrelationships among population pressure, land infrastructure
investment, and technical change. Attention is given to the
implications of agricultural development for factor productivity and
income distribution, and illustrations are provided from a published
study concerning Indonesia.
In concluding, the authors state that
"in the agriculture of developing countries, with land becoming
increasingly scarce and expensive relative to labor as population
pressure against land resources increases, the development of
biological and chemical technologies is the most efficient way to
promote agricultural growth....The development of more productive
biological and chemical technologies capable of offsetting the effect
of growing population pressure appears to be a necessary condition for
the simultaneous achievement of both growth and equity in developing
countries today."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:10711 Howell,
Nancy. Feedbacks and buffers in relation to scarcity and
abundance: studies of hunter-gatherer populations. In: The state
of population theory: forward from Malthus, edited by David Coleman
and Roger Schofield. 1986. 156-87 pp. Basil Blackwell: New York, New
York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
The author examines the relationship
between resources and the regulation of population size. The emphasis
is on the integration of models of population regulation in animals
with the understanding of the various forms of population control found
in humans. The author attempts this by examining population regulation
among hunter-gatherer populations, focusing specifically on the !Kung
San of Botswana. She suggests that "hunter-gatherers tend to be thin
not because they have exhausted the food in their environment, but
because they have evolved a culture which gives them security, leisure
and egalitarianism at the price of chronic hunger and undernutrition.
When they avoid the hunger and thinness, by environmental plenty or by
harvesting more of their potential food supply, they experience higher
fertility and either experience population growth or resort to
infanticide."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10712 MacKellar,
F. Landis; Vining, Daniel R. Natural resource scarcity: a
global survey. In: Population growth and economic development:
issues and evidence, edited by D. Gale Johnson and Ronald D. Lee.
Social Demography, 1987. 259-329 pp. University of Wisconsin Press:
Madison, Wisconsin; National Research Council, Committee on Population,
Working Group on Population Growth and Economic Development:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This chapter is a broad review, at the
global level, of recent scarcity trends for a spectrum of important
natural resources: energy (mostly conventional crude petroleum, with
brief references to unconventional oil and other energy sources); food
(mostly agricultural resources, with a short comment on fish); forest
resources; and species....For each resource, the authors ask whether
the evidence suggests, on balance, that supply-side constraints will be
serious in the next generation; if so, appropriate policy responses are
briefly described. The conclusions reached are mainly mixed....Some
resources are becoming more scarce, while others are not; selective
policy responses are indicated, but no broad reordering of priorities
is necessary."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:10713 Slade,
Margaret E. Natural resources, population growth, and
economic well-being. In: Population growth and economic
development: issues and evidence, edited by D. Gale Johnson and Ronald
D. Lee. Social Demography, 1987. 331-69 pp. University of Wisconsin
Press: Madison, Wisconsin; National Research Council, Committee on
Population, Working Group on Population Growth and Economic
Development: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author summarizes
principal issues in the ongoing debate as to whether scarce natural
resources will eventually constrain population growth and economic
well-being. Both theoretical and empirical sources are used in an
effort to identify problems likely to emerge in the next 50 years,
resources most likely to be constraining, and economies most apt to be
constrained. First, "the economic theory of growth with natural
resources is summarized. For both nonrenewable and common-property
resources, a basic model is established, the effects of population
growth on the model predictions are discussed, and the efficiency
properties of a market solution are analyzed....Many of the problems
encountered when one attempts to apply theoretical models to real-world
situations are described, with particular emphasis on measurement
problems....It is the author's belief that the problems associated with
common-property resources will be more constraining than those
associated with nonrenewable resources. These problems include the
destruction of watersheds, deforestation, desertification, and acid
rain....Petroleum was identified [as the nonrenewable] resource that is
both likely to be in short supply and apt to pose serious adjustment
problems."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10714 Srinivasan,
T. N. Population and food. In: Population growth and
economic development: issues and evidence, edited by D. Gale Johnson
and Ronald D. Lee. Social Demography, 1987. 3-26 pp. University of
Wisconsin Press: Madison, Wisconsin; National Research Council,
Committee on Population, Working Group on Population Growth and
Economic Development: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author "briefly
describes the methods and conclusions of four important world food
models: studies based on population carrying capacity (the maximum
population that can be sustained indefinitely into the future) and
projections of population size; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
projections; the grain-oilseed-livestock model underlying the food
supply-demand projections of the Global 2000 Report; and the linked
system of country models under the auspices of [the International
Institute for Applied Systems Analysis]....The discussion then turns to
feedback effects in the food-population nexus that these models either
address inadequately or neglect altogether, and sets forth the
implications of these effects for understanding the relation of
population to food production and consumption. In a final section,
conclusions are presented."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:10715 Bloom,
David E.; Freeman, Richard B. Population growth, labor
supply, and employment in developing countries. In: Population
growth and economic development: issues and evidence, edited by D.
Gale Johnson and Ronald D. Lee. Social Demography, 1987. 105-47 pp.
University of Wisconsin Press: Madison, Wisconsin; National Research
Council, Committee on Population, Working Group on Population Growth
and Economic Development: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This chapter
examines the nature and magnitude of the principal effects of
population growth on labor supply and employment in the developing
economies of the world. On the supply side of labor markets, it
addresses key features of the interrelations between population growth
and the labor force....On the demand side, it describes and analyzes
the nature of labor markets in developing economies and attempts to
identify the key factors that condition their labor absorption
capacity. Descriptive statistics on the characteristics of developing
country labor markets and on the relationships between population
growth, labor supply, employment shifts, and growth of output per
worker are presented and discussed. The key result of the analysis is
that, despite the unprecedented magnitude of population growth and the
existence of imperfections in labor markets, developing economies
tended to shift between 1960 and 1980 from low-productivity agriculture
to the higher-productivity service and industrial sectors, and, albeit
with some exceptions, to raise real income per
capita."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10716 Dzienio,
Kazimierz. The qualified labor force in the national
economy: current status and forecasts to 1995. [Kadry
kwalifikowane w gospodarce narodowej--stan obecny i przewidywania do
1995 r.] Studia Demograficzne, No. 2/88, 1987. 143-75 pp. Warsaw,
Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The skilled labor force in
Poland is examined. Developments since 1958 are first reviewed.
Particular attention is paid to the supply of and demand for university
graduates. The author discusses probable future trends in the demand
for graduates up to 1995.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:10717 Foigt, N.
A. The influence of women's professional activity on
family status. [Vpliv profesiinoi diyal'nosti zhinki-vchenogo na
ii simeinii status.] Demografichni Doslidzhennya, Vol. 10, 1986. 47-50
pp. Kiev, USSR. In Ukr. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The impact on family
status of professional activity among women scientists in the USSR is
investigated, with a focus on role expectations of women within the
family.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10718 France.
Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques [INSEE]
(Paris, France). 1987 employment survey: detailed
results. [Enquete sur l'emploi de 1987: resultats detailles.]
Collections de l'INSEE, Serie D: Demographie et Emploi, No. 122, Sep
1987. 272 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
This is the latest in a series
of annual reports presenting results from the official French
employment survey, which began in 1968. The data concern the labor
force in 1987. Data are provided on the total population by major age
category, occupations, profession, employment status, hours of work,
the foreign labor force, unemployment, qualifications, households,
regional and communal data, social and geographic origin, and changes
relative to previous years.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:10719 Gluchanova,
G. L. The influence of socioeconomic and demographic
factors on the formation of the labor force in the Ukrainian SSR.
[Vpliv sotsial'no-ekonomichnich i demografichnich faktoriv na
formuvannya trudovogo potentsialu naselennya Ukrains'koi RSR.]
Demografichni Doslidzhennya, Vol. 10, 1986. 32-41 pp. Kiev, USSR. In
Ukr. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The impact of various socioeconomic and
demographic factors on the occupational structure and potential of the
labor force in the Ukrainian SSR is analyzed. The influence of changes
in the population's educational level and scientific and technological
progress is also investigated.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10720 Gruzdeva,
E. B.; Chertikhina, E. S. The occupational status and
wages of women in the USSR. Soviet Sociology, Vol. 26, No. 3,
Winter 1987-1988. 67-81 pp. Armonk, New York. In Eng.
The author
profiles the female labor force in the USSR. Changes since the 1930s
in types of occupation, especially in the number of women employed in
agriculture, are outlined. The impact of urbanization and high rates
of industrialization on the nature of women's labor force activity is
analyzed. Reasons for the continuing wage differentials between males
and females are discussed, and measures being taken to correct income
inequality are described.
This is a translation of the Russian
article in Rabochii Klass i Sovremennyi Mir, No. 3, 1986, pp. 57-67.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
54:10721 Holzer,
Jerzy Z. Labor force participation of the elderly
population. [Aktywnosc zawodowa ludzi starych.] Studia
Demograficzne, No. 2/88, 1987. 19-32 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with
sum. in Eng; Rus.
The consequences of demographic aging in
developed countries are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the
impact of this process on labor force participation among the elderly
and on pension schemes. Other topics discussed include factors that
encourage older people to leave the labor force and factors that
encourage them to remain employed.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10722 Howe, Wayne
J. Education and demographics: how do they affect
unemployment rates? Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 111, No. 1, Jan
1988. 3-9 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This article concentrates
on the relationship between the changing [U.S.] demographic composition
and educational level of the labor force and the impact of these
factors on the structural rise in unemployment. Its focus is on how the
labor market has adjusted to the increased supply of relatively young
and inexperienced but well-educated workers, with particular emphasis
given to the job market experiences of high school and college
graduates. It will be shown that the labor market's response to the
rising educational level of an expanding labor force was a relative
weakening of the labor market position for high school graduates,
compared with those with higher levels of
education."
Correspondence: W. J. Howe, Division of Labor
Force Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212.
Location: Princeton University Library (DOCS).
54:10723 Kekovole,
John. Aspects of female labor force participation in
Kenya: a study of the impact of demographic, socio-economic and
environmental factors. Pub. Order No. DA8714063. 1987. 443 pp.
University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This study focuses on the determinants of female labor force
participation in Kenya by utilising panel data collected in a labor
force survey carried out during 1977/1978 and data from the annual
census of employment and earnings in the modern sector. We have
employed mainly cross tabulations, graphic representation of some of
the results, and multivariate regression analysis....Overall the
empirical results indicate diverse aspects of female labor force
participation. Women's participation in the rural labor force is high
and is determined by availability of land, sexual division of labor,
seasonal labor demand, environmental factors such as morbidity and
relative household economic status....Their participation in wage
employment and urban labor force is alarmingly low....The major
determinants of female labor force participation in urban areas
apparently relate to industrial and occupational demand, education and
economic necessity."
This work was prepared as a doctoral
dissertation at the University of Pennsylvania.
Source:
Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social
Sciences (48)3.
54:10724 Kim, Won
Bae. Urban unemployment and labor force participation in
Korea. Annals of Regional Science, Vol. 21, No. 1, Mar 1987. 44-55
pp. Bellingham, Washington. In Eng.
"This paper examines urban
unemployment patterns in [the Republic of] Korea using a simultaneous
model of unemployment and labor force participation. Urban demographic
characteristics and economic conditions are put forward to explain
inter-urban variations in the rates of unemployment and labor force
participation. The estimation results indicate the importance of local
demographic characteristics and economic conditions in determining
labor force participation rates and unemployment rates. The results
clearly indicate that 'sexual dualism' is pervasive in the urban labor
market in Korea. Market discrimination against women is quite evident.
"The analysis is based on data from the 1980 Population and Housing
Census of Korea and the 1974 Special Labor Force
Survey.
Correspondence: W. B. Kim, East-West Center,
Population Institute, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
54:10725 Kraut,
Robert E.; Grambsch, Patricia. Home-based white collar
employment: lessons from the 1980 census. Social Forces, Vol. 66,
No. 2, Dec 1987. 410-26 pp. Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In Eng.
Home-based employment in the United States is studied using data
from the 1980 census. The results indicate that only 1.6 percent of
the work force worked at home as a primary place of employment in 1980,
a percentage that has been declining since 1960. Consideration is
given to reasons for working at home, the characteristics of those so
employed, and income in comparison to those working outside the
home.
Correspondence: R. E. Kraut, Bell Communications
Research, Room 2E-232, 435 South Street, Morristown, NJ 07960.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10726 Larson,
Eric M. International migration and the labor force: a
study of members of migrant households versus members of domestic
households in the Dominican Republic. Pub. Order No. DA8717463.
1987. 349 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan.
In Eng.
"The effects of emigration on the Dominican Republic labor
force were examined by contrasting return migrants and other members of
migrant households with members of domestic households. Overall, the
effects of return migrants and other members of migrant households upon
the labor force is insignificant because of their relatively small
numbers; however, there were important differences between return
migrants, other members of migrant households, and members of domestic
households when these groups were examined separately."
This work
was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the University of Texas at
Austin.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A:
Humanities and Social Sciences 48(5).
54:10727 Lazarova,
Fani. Professional activity of Bulgarian women during the
period 1946-1984. [Profesionalnata aktivnost na Balgarskata zhena
prez perioda 1946-1984 g.] Naselenie, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1987. 36-47 pp.
Sofia, Bulgaria. In Bul. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
Female labor force
participation in Bulgaria from 1946 to 1984 is reviewed. Consideration
is given to changes in the status of women over time, the relationship
between family responsibilities and women's work outside the home, and
the relationships among economic activity, educational status, and
fertility.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10728 Lichter,
Daniel T.; Costanzo, Janice A. Nonmetropolitan
underemployment and labor-force composition. Rural Sociology, Vol.
52, No. 3, Fall 1987. 329-44 pp. Bozeman, Montana. In Eng.
The
authors identify the major compositional sources of underemployment in
nonmetropolitan areas of the United States. "Specifically, we examine
the roles of metro-nonmetro differences in (1) demographic composition,
(2) education, and (3) industrial mix in explaining metro-nonmetro
differences in underemployment, as measured by the Labor Utilization
Framework of Clogg and Sullivan....Using data from the March annual
demographic file of the 1980 Current Population Survey, we document the
higher prevalence of 'discouraged workers,' unemployment, and
underemployment by low hours and low income in nonmetropolitan areas.
We use demographic standardization and decomposition methods to show
that composition alone accounts for about 40 percent of the difference
in underemployment between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas.
Educational composition is the single most important component
accounting for this differential."
Correspondence: D. T.
Lichter, Department of Sociology and Population Issues Research Center,
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10729 Lin,
Kenneth Shang-Kai. Estimating asymmetric information
equilibrium labor market models from aggregate time series data.
Institute of Economics Monograph Series, No. 34, Aug 1987. 105 pp.
Academia Sinica, Institute of Economics: Taipei, Taiwan. In Eng.
The purpose of this paper is to estimate and test equilibrium labor
market models "in which households and firms solve intertemporal
optimization problems under uncertainty but cannot wait until all
conceivable information is available before making their decisions."
The models are tested using U.S. time series data for the period
following World War II.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:10730 Mashika, T.
O. Socioeconomic preconditions for and factors influencing
the participation of women in social production under socialism.
[Sotsial'no-ekonomichni peredumovi i faktori uchasti zhinok u
suspil'nomu virobnitstvi pri sotsializmi.] Demografichni Doslidzhennya,
Vol. 10, 1986. 29-31 pp. Kiev, USSR. In Ukr. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
Aspects of female labor force participation in the Ukrainian SSR
are analyzed, focusing on socioeconomic factors, economic motives of
growth, and demographic factors limiting female employment.
Interrelations between demographic processes and women's occupations in
social production are discussed.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10731 Mason,
Andrew. The replacement effect and comparisons of per
capita income across countries: a short note. Demography, Vol.
25, No. 1, Feb 1988. 141-4 pp. Alexandria, Virginia. In Eng.
"This
article is intended to clarify two aspects of Leibenstein's replacement
effect that have not been adequately addressed in print. First, formal
analysis of the replacement effect demonstrates that it is not
determined by the quality of entering and departing workers alone but,
rather, by the entire age schedule of labor quality. Second, a simple
model is used to demonstrate the absence of welfare implications
associated with the replacement effect and to quantify the magnitude of
the replacement effect."
Correspondence: A. Mason,
East-West Population Institute, East-West Center, Honolulu, HI 96848.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10732 Mason,
Karen O. The perceived impact of child care costs on
women's labor supply and fertility. Population Studies Center
Research Report, No. 87-110, Jun 1987. 13, [11] pp. University of
Michigan, Population Studies Center: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"In a 1986 survey of [1,383] mothers of preschool-aged children
residing in the Detroit [Michigan] metropolitan area, one-quarter of
the sample reported that they would work or work more hours if they
could find better or less costly child care. Poor women and those
living without a male partner reported that child care problems
constrained their employment most frequently. Only one-tenth of the
sample reported that they would have had more children or would have
had them sooner if better or less costly child care were
available....The results suggest that policies designed to improve
child care facilities or to lower their cost could increase female
labor supply substantially without increasing fertility, and might also
help to reduce the public welfare burden."
This is a revised version
of a paper originally presented at the 1987 Annual Meeting of the
Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 53, No.
3, Fall 1987, pp. 404-5).
Correspondence: Population
Studies Center, University of Michigan, 1225 S. University, Ann Arbor,
MI 48109. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10733 Norwood,
Janet L. The labor force of the future. Business
Economics, Vol. 22, No. 3, Jul 1987. 9-14 pp. Cleveland, Ohio. In Eng.
Future trends in the U.S. labor force are explored. The author
notes that "the labor force of the future will reflect changes in the
industrial structure, with declines in some manufacturing industries
and expansion in services industries." Topics considered include the
impact of these changes on the wage structure, female employment,
productivity, retirement, minorities, and family
life.
Correspondence: J. L. Norwood, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Department of Labor, Washington, D.C. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
54:10734 Pan, Jiyi;
Guo, Shenyang. Prospects for China's labor transfer.
Renkou Yanjiu, No. 2, Mar 29, 1986. 16-20 pp. Beijing, China. In Chi.
Using 1982 census data for China, the authors analyze the movement
of the country's labor force from the agricultural sector into the
industrial and service sectors during the past 30 years. From 1952 to
1982, the agricultural labor force declined relative to other sectors,
while the absolute number of agricultural workers increased and is
expected to continue to increase. Three projections of agricultural
labor force trends for the next 20 years are outlined. It is suggested
that the development of the service sector will help to absorb the
large volume of surplus labor, given the saturation of labor markets in
agriculture and existing industries.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10735 Polachek,
Solomon W. Measuring the opportunity costs of children:
the role of labor force intermittency. [1985?]. i, 77 pp.
University of North Carolina, Carolina Population Center: Chapel Hill,
North Carolina. In Eng.
This study is concerned with the
relationship between labor force intermittency and market earnings
power. The geographical focus is on the United States; the data are
from the 1960 and 1970 censuses. The primary emphasis is on the effect
of marital status and family size on women's intermittent labor force
participation.
Correspondence: S. W. Polachek, Carolina
Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
27514. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10736 Riche,
Martha F. America's new workers. American
Demographics, Vol. 10, No. 2, Feb 1988. 34-41 pp. Ithaca, New York. In
Eng.
A summary analysis of probable changes in the U.S. labor force
up to the year 2000 is presented based on U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics projections. The implications for business are
assessed.
Correspondence: M. F. Riche, American
Demographics, 108 N. Cayuga Street, Ithaca, NY 14850.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10737 Romaniuk,
Kazimierz. Changes in the utilization of labor resources
in Poland since World War II. [Zmiany w wykorzystaniu zasobow
pracy w Polsce po drugiej wojnie swiatowej.] Studia Demograficzne, No.
2/88, 1987. 7-17 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
Labor force trends in Poland since the end of World War II are
described. The author notes that the number of economically active
persons has increased significantly, as have national income and
productivity. Changes in the structure of employment are also noted.
The impact of the economic crisis of the 1980s is then considered. The
author states that this has resulted in declining national income, the
stabilization of employment, and a drop in productivity. Future trends
to 2000 are also reviewed.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:10738 Sacharova,
N. O.; Gartik, S. S. Forecasting the size of the work
force by sex and region (as measured by examining the sex ratio of the
labor force in Kiev in the period 1980-1985). [Prognozuvannya
chisel'nosti robitnikiv i sluzhbovtsiv za stattyu v regional'nomu
aspekti (na prikladi rozrobki balansu trudovikh resursiv mista Kieva za
stattyu na 1980-1985 rr.).] Demografichni Doslidzhennya, Vol. 10, 1986.
25-9 pp. Kiev, USSR. In Ukr. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
Methodological
aspects of projecting the size and sex distribution of the labor force
in large cities are examined. Data are for Kiev, USSR, for the period
1980-1985.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10739 Shaw, Lois
B.; Shapiro, David. Women's work plans: contrasting
expectations and actual work experience. Monthly Labor Review,
Vol. 110, No. 11, Nov 1987. 7-13 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The
authors use data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Labor Market
Experience of Young Women in the United States to examine how young
women's plans affect their subsequent work experiences and earnings.
The results suggest that "eighty percent of women with work plans were
in the labor force, while 50 percent who did not plan to work were
employed; those women with consistent work expectations earned higher
wages."
Correspondence: L. B. Shaw, U.S. General Accounting
Office, Washington, D.C. Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
54:10740 Wander,
Hilde. Population, labor supply, and employment in
developing countries. Annals of the American Academy of Political
and Social Science, Vol. 492, Jul 1987. 69-79 pp. Beverly Hills,
California. In Eng.
"This article consists of three parts. The
first one gives a general outline of the relationships between
population, labor supply, and employment, while the second one deals
with empirical trends and structural changes in labor supply in the
second half of this century. Both analyses bring forth the arguments
for comprehensive approaches to the employment problem, which are
presented in part three." The geographical focus is on developing
countries.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
54:10741 Xie, Cheng;
Shi, Xiangyun. The movement of rural labor and the
establishment of small towns as suggested by factors of
production. Renkou Yanjiu, No. 2, Mar 29, 1986. 21-5 pp. Beijing,
China. In Chi.
The movement of the labor force from rural areas
into urban areas, specifically into small cities and towns, is examined
using data from a survey of the Yiyang area of China. It is noted that
a surplus in the agricultural labor force has resulted from changes in
agricultural productivity. Consequently, the authors point out, farmers
are either transferring from rural areas into industrial and service
sectors in small cities and towns or are remaining in the rural areas
to be employed by collective enterprises. Advantages and disadvantages
of these trends are discussed.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
