54:10621 Andrews,
Gary R.; Esterman, Adrian J.; Braunack-Mayer, Annette J.; Rungie, Cam
M. Aging in the Western Pacific: a four country
study. Western Pacific Reports and Studies, No. 1, 1986. xii, 155
pp. World Health Organization [WHO], Regional Office for the Western
Pacific: Manila, Philippines. In Eng.
This study is concerned with
demographic aging and its health and socioeconomic consequences in
selected Asian and Pacific countries, namely, Fiji, Malaysia, the
Philippines, and the Republic of Korea. The primary objectives were to
provide recommendations for actions in the area of health and social
care for the elderly. Comparisons are made with a similar study
undertaken for selected European countries.
Location:
East-West Population Institute, Honolulu, HI.
54:10622 Austria.
Statistisches Zentralamt (Vienna, Austria); Czechoslovakia. Federalni
Statisticky Urad (Prague, Czechoslovakia). Austria and
Czechoslovakia: a socio-demographic comparison. 1987. xxii, 67
pp. Statistisches Zentralamt: Vienna, Austria. In Eng.
This
publication presents comparative data on the socio-demographic
situations of Austria and Czechoslovakia. Data are included on age and
sex distribution, social status, fertility, natural increase,
marriages, divorces, households, family size, life expectancy,
mortality (including infant, neonatal, and perinatal mortality), causes
of death, education, and economic activity.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10623 Devereaux,
Mary S. Aging of the Canadian population. Canadian
Social Trends, Winter 1987. 37-8 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng.
Data
from the 1986 census of Canada concerning demographic aging are
summarized in this paper. Census data show an increase in the elderly
and working-age population, a decline in the young adult population,
and a stable child population.
Correspondence: M. S.
Devereaux, Canadian Social Trends, 11th Floor, Jean Talon Building,
Ottawa, Ontario K1A OT6, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
54:10624 Fang,
Shan. Aging population: an impending problem on the
Chinese mainland. Issues and Studies, Vol. 23, No. 7, Jul 1987.
56-67 pp. Taipei, Taiwan. In Eng.
"This article is an attempt to
survey the possible impact of an aging population on mainland society
and the economy [of China]." The author concludes that the Chinese
government remains concerned exclusively with implementing measures to
slow the rate of population growth and has not yet confronted the
development of measures to resolve the problems posed by current trends
in demographic aging.
Correspondence: S. Fang, Institute of
International Relations, 64 Wan Shou Road, Mucha, Taipei, Taiwan.
Location: Princeton University Library (Gest).
54:10625 Forsdahl,
Anders. From an excess of women to an excess of men. A
changed society. [Fra kvinneoverskudd til mannsoverskudd. Et
endret samfunn.] Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening/Journal of the
Norwegian Medical Association, Vol. 106, No. 28, Oct 10, 1986. 2,341-3,
2,354 pp. Oslo, Norway. In Nor. with sum. in Eng.
Changes in the
sex ratio in Norway over the last 100 years are reviewed. The author
notes a change from an excess of women, due primarily to male
emigration, to an excess of men. The effects of this change on society
are considered.
Correspondence: A. Forsdahl, Universitetet
i Tromso, Institutt for Samfunnsmedisin, Postboks 417, 9001 Tromso,
Norway. Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda,
MD.
54:10626 Gouws, N.
B. The problem of aging: a socio-demographic
perspective. [Die problematiek van veroudering: 'n
sosiaal-demografiese perspektief.] Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir
Sosiologie/South African Journal of Sociology, Vol. 16, No. 3, Aug
1985. 97-103 pp. Pretoria, South Africa. In Afr. with sum. in Eng.
Aspects of demographic aging in South Africa are examined. The
author notes that although the white population is aging, the other
three main racial groups are still youthful populations, and the
population as a whole is getting younger. Both the demographic and
non-demographic consequences of demographic aging are considered. The
non-demographic consequences are economic, sociological, and political
in nature.
Correspondence: N. B. Gouws, Afdeling
Demografie, Sentrale Statistiekdiens, Privaatsak X44, Pretoria 0001,
South Africa. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
54:10627 Kuroda,
Toshio. Population aging in Japan, with reference to
China. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, Vol. 2, No. 3, Sep 1987.
3-22 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
Population aging, according to
estimates made by the United Nations, will become a significant problem
in Asian countries such as China and Japan where fertility reduction
has proven successful. The demographic characteristics of these two
countries are compared, and various components of population aging are
analyzed. Policy recommendations for countries faced with aging
populations are also outlined.
Correspondence: T. Kuroda,
Population Research Institute, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10628 Massey,
Douglas S.; Denton, Nancy A. Trends in the residential
segregation of blacks, Hispanics, and Asians: 1970-1980. American
Sociological Review, Vol. 52, No. 6, Dec 1987. 802-25 pp. Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
"This paper examines trends in residential segregation
for blacks, Hispanics, and Asians in 60 [U.S.] SMSAs between 1970 and
1980 using data taken from the 1970 Fourth Count Summary tapes and the
1980 Summary Tape File 4. Segregation was measured using dissimilarity
and exposure indices. Black segregation from Anglos declined in some
smaller SMSAs in the south and west, but in large urban areas in the
northeastern and north central states there was little change; in these
areas blacks remained spatially isolated and highly
segregated....Hispanic segregation was markedly below that of blacks,
but increased substantially in some urban areas that experienced
Hispanic immigration and population growth over the decade....Asian
segregation was everywhere quite low."
Correspondence: D.
S. Massey, Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, 5848 S.
University Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10629 Matras,
Judah. Demographic trends in the population of Israel:
implications for changing patterns of dependency. Joint (JDC)
Israel Brookdale Institute of Gerontology and Adult Human Development
Discussion Paper, No. D-127-86, Mar 1986. 56, [iii] pp. Joint (JDC)
Israel Brookdale Institute of Gerontology and Adult Human Development:
Jerusalem, Israel. In Eng. with sum. in Heb.
This paper reviews
demographic trends in Israel since the mass immigration of 1948-1951,
focusing on the implications for dependency, the organization of
employment, income, and social welfare. The author notes a relative
convergence in demographic characteristics among the population of
Israel and observes that the demographic changes that have occurred
have resulted in an increasing proportion of elderly people with no
siblings or children living nearby, smaller families, shorter widowhood
spans, and longer empty nest periods. "These notable changes in
dependency patterns are being experienced by adults born or socialized
in Israel, who possess greater socioeconomic capabilities and who have
more capacity to maneuver in obtaining services for their immigrant
parents than did earlier adult cohorts."
Correspondence:
Joint (JDC) Israel Brookdale Institute of Gerontology and Adult Human
Development, JDC Hill, P.O.B. 13087, Jerusalem 91130, Israel.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10630 Rosenwaike,
Ira; Dolinsky, Arthur. The changing demographic
determinants of the growth of the extreme aged. Gerontologist,
Vol. 27, No. 3, Jun 1987. 275-80 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Persons 85 years and over, the extreme aged, have been
proportionately the most rapidly growing segment of the aged [U.S.]
population for some time. Since 1940 growth in excess of 50% has
occurred each decaded. Census data were used to investigate the
relative effects of the different demographic factors underlying this
growth. In contrast with earlier periods declining mortality has been
most responsible for the growth of this population since
1940."
Correspondence: I. Rosenwaike, Research Specialist,
Graduate School of Social Work, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA 19104. Location: Princeton University
Library (SW).
54:10631 Thailand.
National Statistical Office (Bangkok, Thailand). Report.
The survey of hill tribe population: 1986. Phayao province. Pub.
Order No. E-Sur-Hil-K No.1-87. 1987. [ix], 46, 53 pp. Bangkok,
Thailand. In Eng; Tha.
This report is one is a series presenting
results from a demographic survey of the hill tribe population of
Thailand. This report concerns the hill tribe population of Phayao
province, which was surveyed in 1986. The survey covered such
demographic characteristics as ethnic group, household, age and sex
distribution, marital status and age at marriage, educational status,
religion, language, fertility, family planning, occupation, and
migration.
For a previous report concerning Tak province, published
in 1986, see 53:10650.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:10632 Torrey,
Barbara B.; Kinsella, Kevin; Taeuber, Cynthia M. An aging
world. International Population Reports, Series P-95, No. 78, LC
87-619853. Sep 1987. vii, 85 pp. U.S. Bureau of the Census: Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
This report summarizes the detailed demographic and
socioeconomic statistics collected by the U.S. Bureau of the Census
concerning the older population in 31 countries around the world.
These data are available through the International Data Base on Aging,
which is maintained by the Center for International Research at the
Census Bureau and archived at the Inter-university Consortium for
Political and Social Research in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Sections are
included on life expectancy, mortality and health, gender differences,
rural and urban dimensions, marital status and living arrangements,
educational status and literacy, social support for the elderly, labor
force trends, occupations, and income. In general, separate
consideration is given to those over 55, those over 65, and those over
80.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10633 United
Nations. Centro Latinoamericano de Demografia [CELADE] (Santiago,
Chile). Latin America: demographic, social, and economic
indicators of the female population. [America Latina: indicadores
demograficos sociales y economicos de la poblacion femenina.] Boletin
Demografico, Vol. 20, No. 39; LC/DEM/G.52, Jan 1987. 115 pp. Santiago,
Chile. In Spa.
The social and demographic characteristics of women
in Latin America are examined in this report. Chapters are included on
general demographic indicators of the female population; fertility;
mortality, with emphasis on maternal and child health care and
environmental sanitation; international migration; female education;
and women's labor force participation. Each chapter consists of an
introductory analysis followed by a selection of statistics. The
emphasis of the report is on how women are faring as the region
develops.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10634 United
States. Bureau of the Census (Washington, D.C.). America's
centenarians: data from the 1980 census. Current Population
Reports, Series P-23: Special Studies, No. 153, Sep 1987. vi, 121 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Data from the 1980 census on U.S.
centenarians are presented by age, marital status, sex, educational
status, and income for the United States as a whole and for individual
states.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10635 Xu,
Qin. Analysis of the process and characteristics of
China's population aging. Renkou Yanjiu, No. 6, Nov 29, 1985.
28-30 pp. Beijing, China. In Chi.
The author projects three stages
of population aging in China to the year 2040, based on 1982 census
data. It is estimated that by the third stage (2025-2040), 25 percent
of the population will be aged 65 and over. Two characteristics of
China's population aging are emphasized: the speed of the process
relative to other countries and the proportion of aged relative to
developed countries.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:10636 Ducros,
Jacqueline; Ducros, Albert. Age at menarche in
Tahiti. Annals of Human Biology, Vol. 14, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1987.
559-62 pp. London, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
"Data on
age at menarche have been collected, using the status quo method, among
1,246 Tahitian girls attending school. The median age, estimated by
probits, is 12.75 SD 1.76. The girls of the rural districts have a
higher median age (13.08 SD 1.97) than the girls of Papeete (12.61 SD
1.47). The results were compared with data collected among other girls
of Maori or European ancestry in France, New Zealand and Easter
Island."
Correspondence: J. Ducros, Laboratoire
d'Anthropologie Biologique, Universite Paris 7, 2 Place Jussieu, 75241
Paris Cedex 05, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:10637 James,
William H. The human sex ratio. Part 1: a review of the
literature. Human Biology, Vol. 59, No. 5, Oct 1987. 721-52 pp.
Detroit, Michigan. In Eng.
This is the first part of a scheduled
two-part study on the human sex ratio. The objectives of the study are
"first, to summarize much that is known about the variation of the
human sex ratio at birth; second, to relate these findings to a
hypothesis designed to explain them; and third, to outline some of the
research needed to test the hypothesis. In the present paper the
literature will be reviewed: in the second paper, the adequacy of the
hypothesis to accommodate the data will be discussed, and a research
program will be outlined." Factors associated with variations in the
sex ratio include race, season, war, legitimacy, birth order, and
paternal age. Consideration is also given to other factors that may
affect the sex ratio, including psychological factors, smoking,
handedness of parents, the location of an anomalously implanted
pregnancy, occupation, and maternal age.
Correspondence: W.
H. James, Medical Research Council Mammalian Development Unit, Wolfson
House, University College London, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10638 Jeune,
B. Parity and age at menopause in a Danish sample.
Maturitas, Vol. 8, No. 4, 1986. 359-65 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In
Eng.
"A random sample of 151 Danish women who had undergone natural
menopause reported the age at which this occurred and answered a
questionnaire. A significant association was found between parity and
age at menopause after correction for the effects of age at the first
and last births, weight, smoking and occupation. However, there is no
evidence that the age at menopause has fallen in recent decades, even
though the average parity in developed population has dropped
dramatically over this period. It is therefore possible that potential
fertility is a confounding variable in the relationship between parity
and age at menopause."
Correspondence: B. Jeune, Institute
of Community Health, Department of Social Medicine, J. B. Winslows Vej
17, 5000 Odense C, Denmark. Location: U.S. National Library of
Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
54:10639 Moller,
Herbert. The accelerated development of youth: beard
growth as a biological marker. Comparative Studies in Society and
History, Vol. 29, No. 4, Oct 1987. 748-62 pp. New York, New
York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
This article attempts to establish
the age at beard eruption as a proxy for the age at the onset of male
fecundity, from ancient times to the
present.
Correspondence: H. Moller, 6808 Woodwind Drive,
Sarasota, FL 34231. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:10640 Yang,
Shiquan. Also talking about China's population sex
ratio. Renkou Yanjiu, No. 5, Sep 29, 1985. 13-5 pp. Beijing,
China. In Chi.
The author points out that China's sex ratio is
similar to the global sex ratio. Since 1960, the sex ratio in China
has fluctuated around 105. The third national census in 1982 indicated
a sex ratio for China of 106.3. The author analyzes the sex ratios at
birth, in different age groups, and at death, as well as the main
causes of death.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:10641 Bean, Frank
D.; Lowell, B. Lindsay; Taylor, Lowell J. Undocumented
Mexican immigrants and the earnings of other workers in the United
States. Demography, Vol. 25, No. 1, Feb 1988. 35-52 pp.
Alexandria, Virginia. In Eng.
"This article examines the effects of
undocumented Mexican immigrants on the earnings of other workers in
geographical labor markets in the Southwest. The number of
undocumented Mexicans included in the 1980 census in southwestern SMSAs
is estimated. We then estimate the parameters of three specifications
of a generalized Leontief production function with various demographic
groups as substitutable factors. The statistically significant effects
of undocumented Mexicans on the earnings of other groups are positive,
but of slight magnitude. Legal immigrants' effects on native white
earnings, however, are small and negative. The results are consistent
with the possibility that undocumented Mexican immigrants' jobs
complement those of other workers. The implications for public policy
concerns about the effects of illegal Mexican immigration are
discussed."
This is a revised version of a paper originally
presented at the 1986 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America (see Population Index, Vol. 52, No. 3, Fall 1986, p.
452).
Correspondence: F. D. Bean, Department of Sociology,
University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10642 Behrman,
Jere R.; Taubman, Paul. Birth order, schooling, and
earnings. Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 4, No. 3, Pt. 2, Jul
1986. 121-50 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
"Birth-order effects
are posited by many to affect earnings and schooling. We show how such
effects can be interpreted to shift either the earnings possibility
frontier for siblings or parental preferences. We find empirical
evidence for birth-order effects on (age-adjusted) schooling and on
earnings for young U.S. adults, though the latter is not robust for all
specifications. The examination of intrahousehold allocations suggests
that these birth-order differences occur despite parental preferences
or prices by birth order favoring later borns, apparently because of
stronger endowment effects that favor first
borns."
Correspondence: J. R. Behrman, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Location: Princeton
University Library (IR).
54:10643 Ben-Tuvia,
Sheila. Classification of geographical units according to
the socio-economic characteristics of the population. 1983 Census
of Population and Housing Publication, No. 15, 1987. xxxvi, 126, [ix]
pp. Central Bureau of Statistics: Jerusalem, Israel. In Eng; Heb.
"This volume, the fifteenth in the series of the 1983 Census of
Population and Housing Publications, presents the results of the
research on the characterization and classification of urban
geographical units in Israel. The geographical units in this
publication are the statistical areas in large urban localities (over
10,000 population) and the smaller undivided urban localities
(2,000-10,000 population). The characterization of the areas is based
on a multivariate analysis of 16 demographic and socio-economic
population and household variables derived from the data of the 1983
Census of Population and Housing. By means of factor analysis and
cluster analysis, the values of these variables have been combined into
a single measure of the socio-economic level of each geographical unit
and the geographical units have been classified into homogeneous
clusters according to their socio-economic
level."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10644 Blackburn,
McKinley L.; Bloom, David E. Regional roulette.
American Demographics, Vol. 10, No. 1, Jan 1988. 32-7 pp. Ithaca, New
York. In Eng.
Geographical shifts in the economic health of the
United States are analyzed using data from Public Use Samples of the
1970 and 1980 censuses and from the 1980 and 1986 Current Population
Surveys. The results indicate a revival of economic prosperity in the
Northeast due primarily to the rise in the number of two-income couples
and the development of a healthy, diversified regional
economy.
Correspondence: M. L. Blackburn, Assistant
Professor of Economics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
29208. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10645 Blackburn,
McKinley L.; Bloom, David E. The effects of technological
change on earnings and income inequality in the United States.
Center for Population Studies Discussion Paper, No. 87-5, Jun 1987. 59
pp. Harvard University, Center for Population Studies: Cambridge,
Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This paper explores the relationship
between technological change and inequality in the U.S. since the late
1960's. The analysis focuses primarily on studying patterns and trends
in the dispersion of various distributions of earnings and income
during this recent period of rapid technological progress....[Data are
from] the March Current Population Surveys from 1968 to 1986. Our main
findings are that there is little empirical evidence that earnings
inequality, measured across individual workers, has increased since the
late 1960's....However, we do find evidence of an increase since the
late 1960's in the inequality of total family income, measured across
families."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10646 Cantillon,
B.; Lesthaeghe, R. Generation, household type, and income:
trends in Flanders between 1976 and 1985. [Generatie, gezinsvorm
en inkomen: ontwikkelingen in Vlaanderen 1976-1985.] Tijdschrift voor
Sociologie, Vol. 8, No. 2-3, 1987. 201-38, 281 pp. Louvain, Belgium. In
Dut. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"During the period 1970-1985 a general
deterioration of the income positions of the younger generations and a
marked improvement of the economic position of the elderly has been
documented for the U.S. and the U.K. This article shows that the same
trend also appeared in Flanders. The causes of these new trends in
poverty and/or insecurity are analysed, including the effects of new
forms of household formation and
dissolution."
Correspondence: B. Cantillon, Centruum voor
Sociaal Beleid, Universitaire Faculteiten Sint Ignatius, Prinsstraat
13, B2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:10647 Carr,
Timothy J. The effect of fertility decisions on pecuniary
and nonpecuniary compensation: final report. Mar 1983. vii, 62
pp. Mathematica Policy Research [MPR]: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This is an analysis of the effect of decisions about having
children on both rates of pay and non-pecuniary aspects, including
fringe benefits and job satisfaction. Data concern the United States
and are from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Men and Young
Women. The results suggest that "being a parent is positively related
to hourly rates of pay for men, but negatively related for white
women....The number of children is a significant factor. The wages of
young men with two children tend to be higher than those of men with
either more or less than two children. However, a different pattern
emerges for women: the more children a woman has, the lower her hourly
rate of pay, all other things being equal. The above conclusions tend
to apply to both blacks and whites, although the patterns appear less
pronounced in the case of blacks."
Correspondence:
Mathematica Policy Research, Suite 550, 600 Maryland Avenue SW,
Washington, D.C. 20024. Location: U.S. National Institute of
Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD.
54:10648 Devaney,
Barbara L. Final report: a cohort analysis of the
opportunity costs of children. Mar 1984. iii, 44 pp. Mathematica
Policy Research [MPR]: Princeton, New Jersey. In Eng.
"This paper
is a cohort analysis of the opportunity costs of childrearing [in the
United States], with opportunity costs defined as the forgone earnings
of women attributable to children. Based on the human capital model of
earnings determination and traditional, cross-sectional models of
female labor supply, the theoretical model specifies both wage and
labor supply effects of children....The empirical results suggest that
the primary wage effect comes from the initiation of childrearing, as
only the first order birth has a significant effect on wages. The
labor supply effects, however, come from the first three birth orders,
with the first and third births reducing female labor supply and the
second child exerting a positive influence on both labor force
participation and hours of work. In addition, the primary labor supply
effects are changes in the labor force participation rates of mothers,
rather than changes in hours of work of working
mothers."
Correspondence: Mathematica Policy Research, P.O.
Box 2393, Princeton, NJ 08540. Location: U.S. National
Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD.
54:10649 Dolton, P.
J.; Makepeace, G. H. Marital status, child rearing and
earnings differentials in the graduate labour market. Economic
Journal, Vol. 97, No. 388, Dec 1987. 897-922 pp. New York, New
York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
This study is concerned with
differences between male and female earnings and the roles of marital
status and children in this differential. The authors apply an
econometric model to data from a 1977 survey involving 4,430 graduates
in the United Kingdom to analyze the importance of marital status, the
presence of children, and family role specialization in sex-related
earnings differentials. The results "suggest that female participation
is conditioned by marital status and the presence of a child, and that
earnings, given participation, are not affected by marital status but
are affected by the presence of children."
Correspondence:
P. J. Dolton, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
54:10650 Duncan,
Greg J.; Rodgers, Willard. Single-parent families: are
their economic problems transitory or persistent? Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 19, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1987. 171-8 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
The authors examine "the living arrangements and
economic status of children in a dynamic perspective, using data from a
longitudinal household survey (the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, or
PSID), for which annual interviews were conducted with a representative
sample of U.S. households between 1968 and 1984. Much of this analysis
will focus on a group of 707 children who were born into these
households between 1967 and 1969 and for whom detailed demographic and
economic information has been gathered over their first 15 years of
childhood." Attention is given to time spent in one-parent households
and to parental absence and child's economic well-being. In most
instances, data are provided separately for blacks and whites. It is
found that "while most of the children who ever live in a single-parent
family or below the poverty line do so for a relatively short period,
racial differences are striking: Both life in a single-parent family
and experience with poverty are much more prevalent and persistent for
black children than for whites." While the effect of marital status on
the economic well-being of mothers and children is shown, "labor-market
events appear to bear more responsibility than do family events for
transitions into poverty."
Correspondence: G. J. Duncan,
Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10651 Edmondson,
Brad. Inside the empty nest. American Demographics,
Vol. 9, No. 11, Nov 1987. 24-9 pp. Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
The
author examines aspects of the retirement plans of Americans aged
50-64, with attention given to the likelihood of relocating at
retirement and to household incomes and expenditures. Data are from a
variety of official and other published
sources.
Correspondence: Brad Edmondson, American
Demographics, 108 N. Cayuga Street, Ithaca, NY 14850.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10652 Iversen,
Gunvor; Andersen, Arne S.; Ellingsaeter, Anne L.; Hansen,
Arvid. Standard of living in Norway: inequality,
stability, and comprehensive measures. [Levekar i Norge: ulikhet,
stabilitet og helhet.] Statistisk Sentralbyra Reprint Series, No. 28,
ISBN 82-537-2587-6. 1987. [17] pp. Statistisk Sentralbyra:
Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norway. In Nor. with sum. in Eng.
Recent trends
in the standard of living in Norway are analyzed. Consideration is
given to those with comfortable living conditions as well as to those
living in poor conditions, to changes affecting individuals, and to
specific indicators. "Regression analyses show that the labour market
is the most important arena for the distribution of welfare and that
class is more important than sex."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10653 Jencks,
Christopher. The politics of income measurement. In:
The politics of numbers, edited by William Alonso and Paul Starr. The
Population of the United States in the 1980s: A Census Monograph
Series, 1987. 83-131 pp. Russell Sage Foundation: New York, New York.
In Eng.
The author examines the U.S. Census Bureau's production of
real family income (RFI) figures and discusses the interpretation and
use of these statistics. The first section concerns the conceptual and
practical problems involved in measuring trends in real family income.
The second section deals with issues of income and living standards.
The author examines trends in expenditures related to health, housing,
and nutrition and discusses the relationship between trends in
well-being and trends in expenditures. In the third section, he
focuses on the reasons for the continuing emphasis on trends in real
family income in census publications. Census data for 1950-1980 are
used, and the author argues that "the defects of the RFI series make
the 1970s look considerably worse than they
were."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10654 Kearl, J.
R.; Pope, Clayne L. Unobservable family and individual
contributions to the distributions of income and wealth. Journal
of Labor Economics, Vol. 4, No. 3, Pt. 2, Jul 1986. 48-82 pp. Chicago,
Illinois. In Eng.
"This paper uses combinations of full brothers,
half brothers, and fathers and sons to measure the effect of common
family background on a household's income and wealth. While the data
are drawn from a nineteenth-century [U.S.] population, the intraclass
correlation for income ranges from .13 to .18, which is similar to that
found in modern samples. Intraclass correlations for wealth are
significantly higher (.18-.35) than are those for income. Intraclass
correlations of half brothers compared to those for full brothers
suggest that fathers play a dominant role in the transmission of the
common family effect. When unobserved background is decomposed into
individual and family effects, the individual effect dominates the
family effect for income, while the family effect dominates the
individual effect for wealth." A comment by Sherwin Rosen is included
(pp. 80-2).
Correspondence: J. R. Kearl, Brigham Young
University, Provo, UT 84602. Location: Princeton University
Library (IR).
54:10655 Lattes,
Gerard. The growth of real salaries has exaggerated
financial pressures and reduced the weight of allowances. [La
croissance des salaires reels a accentue la pression fiscale et reduit
le poids des prestations.] Economie et Statistique, No. 203, Oct 1987.
49-60 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The author suggests that the
development of the balance between taxes and allowances in France
between 1970 and 1986 has led to a decline in the rate of growth of
household purchasing power. Family allowances also increased more
slowly than salaries. Families most adversely affected by these trends
are small families at each end of the economic
scale.
Correspondence: G. Lattes, Division Revenus,
Departement Population-Menages, Institut National de la Statistique et
des Etudes Economiques, 75582 Paris Cedex 12, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10656 Levy,
Frank. Dollars and dreams: the changing American income
distribution. The Population of the United States in the 1980s: A
Census Monograph Series, ISBN 0-87154-523-3. LC 86-42952. 1987. xx, 259
pp. Russell Sage Foundation: New York, New York. In Eng.
This
report, prepared for the National Committee for Research on the 1980
Census, is concerned with the current economic situation in the United
States and its effect on individual families and households, and is
based primarily on data from the 1980 census. The author notes that
family incomes have not increased significantly since the oil crisis of
the early 1970s and focuses on the consequences of this fact. Topics
considered include the baby bust, the national deficit, the growth of
single-parent households, income growth among the elderly, the rise of
the suburbs, and the decline of the steel industry. He concludes that
while income inequality has not changed significantly since 1947, there
is a growing inequality in economic prospects, resulting in an
increasingly unequal distribution of the chance to purchase the
middle-class life-style.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:10657 Ross,
Christine; Danziger, Sheldon; Smolensky, Eugene. The level
and trend of poverty in the United States, 1939-1979. Demography,
Vol. 24, No. 4, Nov 1987. 587-600 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"A
detailed record of the number and characteristics of persons in poverty
is available since 1959. This paper provides measures for 1939 and
1949 that correspond as closely as possible to the official poverty
statistics. Poverty, as officially measured, fell from 40.5 percent of
all persons in 1949 to 13.1 percent in 1979, declining most among the
elderly and least among female-headed households. We estimate the
effects on the aggregate poverty rate of changes between 1940 and 1980
in the distribution of the population by selected demographic
characteristics of household heads and by the employment status of head
and spouse. Some changes, such as the increasing proportion of
two-earner families, were poverty reducing, whereas others were poverty
increasing."
Correspondence: C. Ross, Institute for
Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10658 Sorensen,
Annemette; McLanahan, Sara. Married women's economic
dependency, 1940-1980. American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 93, No.
3, Nov 1987. 659-87 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
Changes in the
economic dependecy of married women in the United States are examined
using data from the Public Use Samples of censuses from 1940 to 1980.
"The finding is that the situation in 1980 is greatly different from
the situation in 1940, when the vast majority of married women were
completely dependent on spouses for economic support. Today,
completely dependent wives constitute a distinct minority. Minority
women have been less dependent than white women thoughout this period.
Married women become less dependent as they grow older, owing in part
to the Social Security benefits that accrue to them regardless of
work-force participation. A multivariate analysis pinpoints the source
of most marital dependency as being the labor supply of married
women."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPIA).
54:10659 Taylor,
Jeffrey R. China: consumer demand statistical
update. CIR Staff Paper, No. 31, Oct 1987. 182 pp. U.S. Bureau of
the Census, Center for International Research: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This report is a compendium of statistical tables on consumer
demand in China, covering the period 1949 to 1985....Data are presented
at both the national and provincial levels for the following concepts:
household size and composition; income and wages; consumption levels,
by commodity; retail sales, by commodity; ownership of durable goods;
and housing. Differences between urban and rural living standards are
clearly delineated by separate tables."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10660 United
States. Bureau of the Census (Washington, D.C.).
Male-female differences in work experience, occupation, and
earnings: 1984. Current Population Reports, Series P-70:
Household Economic Studies, No. 10, Aug 1987. iv, 45 pp. Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
"This report presents data on differences between men
and women in lifetime labor force attachment, occupation, and earnings.
The information was collected from a sample of approximately 20,000
[U.S.] households in May, June, July, and August 1984 as part of the
Survey of Income Program Participation (SIPP)."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10661 United
States. Bureau of the Census (Washington, D.C.). Poverty
in the United States, 1985. Current Population Reports, Series
P-60: Consumer Income, No. 158, Oct 1987. v, 182 pp. Washington, D.C.
In Eng.
"This report presents social and economic characteristics
of the [U.S.] population below the poverty level in 1985 based on the
March 1986 Current Population Survey (CPS)....The data in the report
consist of cross classifications of poverty status by such
characteristics as age, race, sex, family relationship, educational
attainment, work experience, and type of income received. Although the
primary focus of these data is on the United States as a whole, some
tables are also shown by region and type of
residence."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10662 Avramov,
Dragan. Population by educational level. Yugoslav
Survey, Vol. 27, No. 3, 1986. 3-14 pp. Belgrade, Yugoslavia. In Eng.
Trends in educational status in Yugoslavia are reviewed, based on
data from the 1971 and 1981 censuses. The author notes that the 1981
census was the first to show the numbers of those with primary
education to be greater than those with no education. Differences in
educational progress by region are analyzed. The author also suggests
that the areas of specialization of those proceeding to graduate
studies do not correspond to the country's
needs.
Correspondence: D. Avramov, Assistant, Centre for
Demographic Research, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade,
Yugoslavia. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
54:10663 Olsen,
Carolyn L. The demography of colony fission from 1878-1970
among the Hutterites of North America. American Anthropologist,
Vol. 89, No. 4, Dec 1987. 823-37 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
A
demographic analysis of the growth of the Hutterite population in North
America during the past century is presented. The emphasis is on the
fission of colonies into mother and daughter communities and on changes
over time in the size and composition of the respective
communities.
Correspondence: C. L. Olsen, Diabetes Control
Program, New York State Health Department, Empire State Plaza, Albany,
NY 12237. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
54:10664 Bean, Frank
D.; Frisbie, W. Parker; Lowell, B. Lindsay; Telles, Edward E.
The Spanish and Mexican origin populations in the American
Southwest. Texas Population Research Center Papers, Series 9:
1987, No. 9.015, 1987. 40, [33] pp. University of Texas, Texas
Population Research Center: Austin, Texas. In Eng.
Population
characteristics and trends among people of Mexican origin in the
American Southwest are examined. The authors discuss population size
and growth; geographic distribution and internal migration;
socioeconomic conditions and trends, including education, labor force
participation, and income; fertility and household and family
structure; acculturation and language use; and immigration. U.S.
census data for 1960, 1970, and 1980 are used.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10665
DellaPergola, Sergio. Demographic trends of Latin
American Jewry. In: The Jewish Presence in Latin America, edited
by Judith L. Elkin and Gilbert W. Merkx. Thematic Studies in Latin
America, 1987. 85-133 pp. Allen and Unwin: Boston,
Massachusetts/London, England. In Eng.
Recent trends in Jewish
population size and composition in Latin America are discussed.
"Although the principal data, estimates, and projections on Jewish
population size will be presented, the chapter will also focus on
aspects of internal sociodemographic stratification and change that are
not directly related to Jewish population size. Most of the materials
presented concern Jews in Argentina, whose demographic trends have
decisively affected the total Jewish population balance in the
region."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10666 Hirschman,
Charles. The meaning and measurement of ethnicity in
Malaysia: an analysis of census classifications. Journal of Asian
Studies, Vol. 46, No. 3, Aug 1987. 555-82 pp. Ann Arbor, Michigan. In
Eng.
The development of ethnic classifications in Malaysia is
traced from 1871 to the present. The author asserts that changes in
the measurement of ethnicity over time have reflected shifts in
ideology and in the political economy.
Correspondence: C.
Hirschman, Professor of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA 98195. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
54:10667 Horn, R.
V. Ethnic origin in the Australian census. Journal of
the Australian Population Association, Vol. 4, No. 1, May 1987. 1-12
pp. North Sydney, Australia. In Eng.
"This article discusses the
Australian statistics of ethnic origin, collected under the headings of
race and ancestry in the Australian census, with particular reference
to conceptual precision and neutrality and to validity of results. It
deals with European and non-European groups, but not with the special
problems of counting the Australian aboriginal
population."
Correspondence: R. V. Horn, 35 Johnson
Crescent, Lane Cove, NSW 2066, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10668 Jasso,
Guillermina; Rosenzweig, Mark R. English language skill
acquisition, locational choice and labor market returns among the major
foreign-born language groups in the United States in 1900 and
1980. Economic Development Center Bulletin, No. 87-12, Dec 1987.
28 pp. University of Minnesota, Department of Economics, Economic
Development Center: Minneapolis, Minnesota. In Eng.
This study is
concerned with the possibility of English being displaced by another
language in parts of the United States. Comparisons are made between
the German-speaking population in 1900 and the Spanish-speaking
population in 1980 using census data. Both similarities and
differences, such as in spatial distribution, are considered. It is
concluded that the survival and growth of non-English-speaking
populations will depend on immigration trends, differential fertility,
and the acquisition of English by immigrant
children.
Correspondence: Economic Development Center,
Department of Economics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
55455. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10669 Jorge, A.;
Moncarz, R. The golden cage--Cubans in Miami.
International Migration/Migrations Internationales/Migraciones
Internacionales, Vol. 25, No. 3, Sep 1987. 267-82 pp. Geneva,
Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
The experience of Cuban
immigrants in Florida is examined. The authors suggest that the
reported success of this immigrant community has been greatly
exaggerated. The social and other problems they face are described,
and an assessment is made of their needs.
Correspondence:
A. Jorge, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10670 Petersen,
William. Politics and the measurement of ethnicity.
In: The politics of numbers, edited by William Alonso and Paul Starr.
The Population of the United States in the 1980s: A Census Monograph
Series, 1987. 187-233 pp. Russell Sage Foundation: New York, New York.
In Eng.
This is a historical overview of the development of
ethnicity as an element in U.S. statistics and the public and
governmental pressures that have influenced it. The author traces
shifts in the racial and ethnic composition of the United States since
colonial times. He emphasizes the problems associated with the
collection and presentation of data on ethnicity and seeks to determine
the causes of inconsistency in ethnic classification. The impact of
science, law, politics, and fiscal and technical restraints, on the
classification of ethnicity is discussed.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10671 Robitaille,
Norbert; Choiniere, Robert. The demographic growth of
native peoples in Canada in the twentieth century.
[L'accroissement demographique des groupes autochtones du Canada au XXe
siecle.] Cahiers Quebecois de Demographie, Vol. 16, No. 1, Apr 1987.
3-35 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"After
presenting the various concepts defining the native peoples (registered
and non registered Indians, Metis, Inuit), the authors examine the
geographical distribution of the native populations in 1981, and their
growth since 1901. The evolution of the age structure is also
considered, and compared to the one observed for the Canadian
population as a whole. Finally, the components of demographic growth
(fertility, mortality, migration, ethnic and linguistic mobility) are
analysed. Results show that the growth rate of the native populations
is much higher than the rate of the total Canadian population. This is
mainly due to higher, but rapidly declining, fertility
rates."
Correspondence: N. Robitaille, Groupe de Recherche
sur la Demographie Quebecoise, Departement de Demographie, Universite
de Montreal, CP 6128, Succursale A, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10672 Rosenwaike,
Ira. A technique for determining Jewish population
distribution in U.S. metropolitan areas. Jewish Social Studies,
Vol. 48, No. 3-4, Summer-Fall 1986. 293-304 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
The author describes a method for estimating the numbers of
the Jewish population in metropolitan regions of the United States
using ancestry data from the 1980 census. Results are compared with
data from local surveys for New York and
Philadelphia.
Correspondence: I. Rosenwaike, Graduate
School of Social Work, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
19104. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
54:10673 Sandefur,
Gary D.; Sakamoto, Arthur. American Indian household
structure and income. Demography, Vol. 25, No. 1, Feb 1988. 71-80
pp. Alexandria, Virginia. In Eng.
"We use the 1980 Public-Use
Microdata Sample to consider the relationship between household
structure and economic well-being among American Indians. We focus on
the total U.S. Indian population and on the residents of 19 'Indian
states' where there has been relatively little growth in the Indian
population by means of changes in racial self-identification. Using
Sweet's (1984) scheme of household types, we find that the prevalence
among Indians of female-headed households with children is intermediate
between that among blacks and whites, but the prevalence of
couple-headed households with children is highest among Indians.
Racial differences in the distribution of household types and
differences in average household size are important determinants of
black-white and Indian-white differences in average household
income."
Correspondence: G. D. Sandefur, Institute for
Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10674 Stevens,
Gillian; Swicegood, Gray. The linguistic context of ethnic
endogamy. American Sociological Review, Vol. 52, No. 1, Feb 1987.
73-82 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Because ethnic endogamy
promotes the transmission of the groups' cultural attributes to younger
generations, it perpetuates ethnic descent groups. Yet demographic and
social contexts of marriages can alter levels of ethnic endogamy.
Though this study examines aspects of the demographic environment, it
emphasizes the extent to which the language characteristics of the
ethnic group members and their enviroment are associated with ethnic
endogamy [in the United States]. Based on the 1976 Survey of Income
and Education, the analysis shows strong relationships between endogamy
and ethnic group size and geographic segregation. Moreover, ethnic
endogamy is also associated with the relative size and vitality of the
embedded non-English language subgroup. These results underscore the
importance of non-English languages as sources of ethnic group cohesion
and continuity."
This is a revised version of a paper originally
presented at the 1985 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America (see Population Index, Vol. 51, No. 3, Fall 1985, p.
397).
Correspondence: G. Stevens, Department of Sociology,
University of Illinois, 702 South Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10675 United
States. Bureau of the Census (Washington, D.C.). The
Hispanic population in the United States: March 1986 and 1987 (advance
report). Current Population Reports, Series P-20: Population
Characteristics, No. 416, Aug 1987. 15 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This report presents advance data and shows changes in selected
demographic, social, and economic characteristics of the Hispanic
population of the United States since 1982." Data are from the March
1986 and 1987 supplements to the Current Population
Survey.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10676 Weller,
Robert H.; Serow, William J. Indirect estimates of the
birth and death rates and age-sex composition of Palestinian
refugees. Population Bulletin of ESCWA, No. 29, Dec 1986. 5-20 pp.
Baghdad, Iraq. In Eng.
Fertility, mortality, and age and sex
distribution among Palestinians living in Jordan, the West Bank, Gaza,
Lebanon, and Syria in the 1970s are examined. Indirect estimation
techniques developed by Preston are used to estimate crude birth and
death rates, population size, and age and sex composition for each of
the five geographical areas. The estimates are compared with figures
from the registers maintained by the U.N. Relief and Works Agency
(UNRWA).
This is a revised version of a paper originally presented
at the 1984 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America
(see Population Index, Vol. 50, No. 3, Fall 1984, p.
415).
Correspondence: R. H. Weller, Center for the Study of
Population, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
