54:10044 Bai,
Jianhua. The situation of China's urban and rural
population. Renkou Yanjiu, No. 2, Mar 29, 1986. 11-4 pp. Beijing,
China. In Chi.
The accuracy of measurements of the ratio of urban
to rural population in China is critically assessed, using data from
the 1953, 1964, and 1982 censuses. As explanations for the
inaccuracies, the author points to political conditions and to the use
of different measurements at different points in
time.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10045 Nairn,
Alasdair G. M.; O'Neill, Gerard J. Population density
functions: a differential equation approach. Journal of Regional
Science, Vol. 28, No. 1, Feb 1988. 89-102 pp. Peace Dale, Rhode Island.
In Eng.
"This paper introduces a new mathematical technique to
describe population density functions. Two length scales, which
characterize the variation of these density functions within a region,
are identified. A differential equation is derived and asymptotic
solutions obtained. Two specific techniques, the method of matched
asymptotic expansions and the method of multiple scales, are introduced
and illustrated by application to population densities at both the
metropolitan and regional levels."
Correspondence: A. G. M.
Nairn, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of
Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow GI 1XQ, Scotland.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
54:10046 Rowland,
Richard H. Geographical patterns of the Jewish population
in the Pale of Settlement in late nineteenth-century Russia.
Jewish Social Studies, Vol. 48, No. 3-4, Summer-Fall 1986. 207-34 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
The author attempts a structured
presentation of population distribution in the Jewish Pale of
Settlement in Imperial Russia (including Poland) in the late nineteenth
century. The focus is on the degree of segregation of the Jewish
population from the population as a whole. Data are primarily from the
1897 census of the Russian Empire.
Correspondence: R. H.
Rowland, Department of Geography, California State University, 5500
University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
54:10047 Sarfoh,
Joseph A. Population, urbanization, and rural settlement
in Ghana: a bibliographic survey. African Special Bibliographic
Series, No. 8, ISBN 0-313-26073-7. LC 87-19627. Oct 1987. xvi, 124 pp.
Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
This is an unannotated bibliography to the literature on spatial
aspects of Ghana's population. It is intended for researchers and
planners and is divided into five parts: bibliographies, books,
periodical articles and book chapters, doctoral dissertations, and
official documents and unpublished manuscripts. The entries in each
section are arranged alphabetically by author. An author index is also
included.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10048 Zinyama,
Lovemore; Whitlow, Richard. Changing patterns of
population distribution in Zimbabwe. GeoJournal, Vol. 13, No. 4,
Dec 1986. 365-84 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper
critically evaluates the causes and consequences of changes in
population distribution in Zimbabwe during the colonial period and
since independence in 1980. Five main aspects of population geography
are examined. Firstly...the history of tenure policies is outlined.
Secondly, the distribution of the African population as revealed in the
1982 census is described and major changes between the census years of
1962, 1969, and 1982 are discussed. Thirdly, changing patterns of
settlement and land use within the peasant farming areas (Communal
Lands) are examined in the context of increasing population pressures.
Fourthly, trends in the...urbanisation of the African population are
described. Fifthly, post-independence development policies directed at
effecting changes in the distribution of population are discussed with
particular reference to the land resettlement
programme."
Correspondence: L. Zinyama, Department of
Geography, University of Zimbabwe, POB MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare,
Zimbabwe. Location: New York Public Library.
54:10049 Abbasi,
Nasreen. Urbanization in Pakistan, 1951-1981. PIDE
Research Report Series, No. 152, Apr 1987. 89, [7] pp. Pakistan
Institute of Development Economics [PIDE]: Islamabad, Pakistan. In Eng.
"The objective of the present study is to see the trends and
patterns of urbanization in Pakistan particularly after 1947, and
explore what factors over time have shaped the spatial distribution
into its present form....The paper is divided into four sections. The
first section relates to the general background. The second section
analyzes the trends and patterns of urbanization in the light of
various socioeconomic and political factors. The third section deals
with patterns of urban concentration in various size categories at four
points of time, 1951, 1961, 1972, and 1981. This is followed by
summary/conclusions and policy
implications."
Correspondence: Pakistan Institute of
Development Economics, Post Box No. 1091, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10050 Abbott,
Carl. The new urban America: growth and politics in
Sunbelt cities. 2nd rev. ed. ISBN 0-8078-4180-3. LC 86-40490.
1987. xi, 336 pp. University of North Carolina Press: Chapel Hill,
North Carolina. In Eng.
The development of the southern region of
the United States known as the Sunbelt as an economic and demographic
area is examined using data on five case-study cities to study "ways in
which rapid growth in total metropolitan population and rapid
suburbanization have affected intrametropolitan politics in the
Sunbelt. The organizing idea for the analysis is the importance of
social geography within metropolitan areas....A basic question of the
present study is therefore the ways in which political issues within
metropolitan areas have been defined in spatial
terms."
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
54:10051 Angotti,
Thomas. Urbanization in Latin America: toward a
theoretical synthesis. Latin American Perspectives, Vol. 14, No.
2, Spring 1987. 134-56 pp. Newbury Park, California. In Eng.
Four
theoretical approaches to the analysis of urbanization in Latin America
are reviewed, namely, classical urban sociology, dependency,
structuralism, and Marxism. The author suggests that Marxism has the
greatest potential as a framework for understanding urban and regional
questions. The basic theoretical categories for the analysis of these
issues are outlined, and problems with the existing literature are
detailed.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
54:10052 Barnard,
Jerald R.; Krautmann, Anthony C. Population growth among
U.S. regions and metropolitan areas: a test for causality.
Journal of Regional Science, Vol. 28, No. 1, Feb 1988. 103-18 pp. Peace
Dale, Rhode Island. In Eng.
"This paper explores theories of
population growth, and implied economic growth, among the major U.S.
metro areas and regions. One set of theoretical arguments [favors] the
growth of large cities, while an alternative set of arguments [favors]
the growth of the smaller urban areas. Still another set of arguments
[combines] economic space and urban size in the concept of regional
growth centers as the engines of regional growth. Granger causality
tests are applied to determine the role of urban size or growth centers
as engines of regional growth. The test results indicate no causal
relationship exists."
Correspondence: J. R. Barnard,
Institute for Economic Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
52242. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
54:10053 Batten,
David; Johansson, Borje. The dynamics of metropolitan
change. Geographical Analysis, Vol. 19, No. 3, Jul 1987. 189-99
pp. Columbus, Ohio. In Eng.
"A collaborative research project
entitled 'Nested Dynamics of Metropolitan Processes and Policies' was
initiated at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
in 1982. The ultimate objective is to enhance our primitive
understanding with respect to interacting metropolitan change processes
which are operating at significantly different speeds. In this
introductory paper, some aspects and results of the project are
summarized...."
Correspondence: D. Batten, Department of
Economics, University of Umea, S-901 87 Umea, Sweden.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
54:10054 Becker,
Charles M.; Morrison, Andrew R. The determinants of urban
population growth in sub-Saharan Africa. Economic Development and
Cultural Change, Vol. 36, No. 2, Jan 1988. 259-78 pp. Chicago,
Illinois. In Eng.
Urbanization trends in contemporary sub-Saharan
Africa are analyzed using an economic model of a stereotypical African
economy that includes both push and pull factors. Particular attention
is given to those variables that can be controlled to some degree by
the government. The model is tested using data from a cross-country
sample of African countries. The results suggest that push factors have
played a major role in African urbanization. They also indicate that
urban population growth is only weakly linked to employment growth and
that policies to promote rural development can reduce rural push
forces.
Correspondence: A. R. Morrison, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, TN 37240. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPIA).
54:10055 Bourne, L.
S. Evaluating the aggregate spatial structure of Canadian
metropolitan areas. Canadian Geographer/Geographe Canadien, Vol.
31, No. 3, Autumn 1987. 194-208 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Eng. with sum.
in Fre.
"Few attempts have been made to develop and test a
conceptual framework for the comparative analysis of urban spatial
structure and growth. This paper offers one aggregate approach as well
as a series of empirical tests based on Canada's 27 largest urban
areas. Six composite indices are introduced: population densities,
rates of change, intraurban population redistribution, mobility rates,
incidence of low-income populations, and degree of social polarization.
Regression analyses reveal that differences among urban areas in
spatial patterning and structural change are consistent with the
hypothesized effects of city size, age, transport usage, social
heterogeneity, production base, and physical setting. Yet immense
regional and intraurban diversity remains. No single model of urban
structure is sufficient to capture this
diversity."
Correspondence: L. S. Bourne, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
54:10056 Brady, J.
E.; Parker, A. J. The socio-demographic spatial structure
of Dublin in 1981. Economic and Social Review, Vol. 17, No. 4, Jul
1986. 229-52 pp. Dublin, Ireland. In Eng.
"The small area
statistics of the 1981 Census of Population [of Ireland] are analysed
with a view to identifying the spatial patterns associated with the
socio-demographic structure of Dublin. Factors identify the
Socio-Economic Status structure; the Family Status (on stage in the
life cycle) structure; the New Residential Areas (which result from
post-1971 planned growth) and the Rented Sector. The factors are
described and mapped, indicating the varied spatial structures of these
differentiating characteristics of the city. The policy implications
of these patterns are discussed. The problems of infrastructural
resource allocation are commented upon, particularly in the context of
Dublin's highly segmented geography of family
status."
Correspondence: J. E. Brady, Carysfort College,
Blackrock, Ireland. Location: U.S. Library of Congress,
Washington, D.C.
54:10057 Burke, Mary
A. Urban Canada. Canadian Social Trends, Winter 1987.
12-8 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng.
Recent trends in urbanization in
Canada are reviewed using data from official sources, including the
1986 census. Differences by province are considered, as well as in-
and out-migration and the urban distribution of
immigrants.
Correspondence: M. A. Burke, Canadian Social
Trends, 11th Floor, Jean Talon Building, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OT6,
Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
54:10058 Chang,
Sen-dou. Distribution of China's city population,
1982. Urban Geography, Vol. 7, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1986. 370-84 pp.
Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"This paper attempts to evaluate
the definition of city population as employed in the 1982 China
population census, to interpolate a set of nonagricultural population
for all designated cities as city population in 1982 for statistical
analysis, and to display and interpret the hierarchical and spatial
distribution of cities in China as related to regional economic
development in terms of rank-size rule, primacy index, regional
patterns, and relevant explicit and implicit causes and sources of city
growth during the interim between 1953 and
1982."
Correspondence: S. D. Chang, University of Hawaii,
2444 Dole Street, Honolulu, HI 96822. Location: Princeton
University Library (UES).
54:10059 Clark,
David; Kahn, James R.; Ofek, Haim. City size, quality of
life, and the urbanization deflator of the GNP: 1910-1984.
Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 54, No. 3, Jan 1988. 701-14 pp. Chapel
Hill, North Carolina. In Eng.
The authors attempt to determine the
net effect of city size on quality of life by developing a welfare
measure of urbanization. "The estimation procedure suggested in the
theoretical part of the paper (section II) is implemented in the
empirical part (section III) using 1980 census data from the [U.S.]
PUMS (Public Use Micro Data Sample). The results indicate there is no
single optimal city size, but rather a worst city size, and about 90
percent of the U.S. population reside in cities smaller than worst city
size. If quality of life is related to the degree of urbanization,
then long-term trends in the locational distribution of the population
should be accounted for in any welfare-oriented measure of national
income. One application of our results is, as indicated, the
derivation of a GNP welfare deflator reflecting changes in the degree
of urbanization (section IV). The findings suggest an urban deflator
on the order of six to seven percentage points, which is steadily
increasing at a rate of about half a percentage point per
decade."
Correspondence: D. Clark, Marquette University,
Milwaukee, WI 53233. Location: Princeton University Library
(PF).
54:10060 Clark, W.
A. V. The Roepke Lecture in Economic Geography: urban
restructuring from a demographic perspective. Economic Geography,
Vol. 63, No. 2, Apr 1987. 103-25 pp. Worcester, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"The central argument of this paper is that recent research has
overemphasized the notions of urban restructuring and undervalued the
role of spatial demographics in understanding urban and [regional]
spatial patterns. The paper examines the notions embedded in urban
restructuring and suggests that a focus on several elements of
demographic processes is an equally important component of
understanding urban and [regional] spatial structure. A specific
discussion of the Los Angeles region indicates that there is a high
level of complexity in social-spatial change. Social-spatial change is
not simply explained by reference to an unspecified urban
restructuring."
Correspondence: W. A. V. Clark, University
of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
54:10061 Cori,
Berardo. The national settlements system of Italy.
Ekistics, Vol. 53, No. 316-317, Jan-Apr 1986. 18-25 pp. Athens, Greece.
In Eng.
"This paper is a concise introductory account of the
Italian urban settlement system. It takes up and develops basic topics
and characteristic aspects of the 'components' of the system, ie the
communes,... the relationships linking these components, as well as the
organization and evolution of the system." The author discusses
commune attributes, including size, urban function, location, division
of labor, and demographic behavior. Consideration is then given to the
relationships among communes such as population exchange and
communication flows. The data are from a variety of published sources
and deal primarily with the 1970s.
Correspondence: B. Cori,
Institute of Geographical Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Location: Princeton University Press (UES).
54:10062 Costello,
Michael A.; Leinbach, Thomas R.; Ulack, Richard; Palabrica-Costello,
Marilou; Suwarno, Bambang. Mobility and employment in
urban Southeast Asia: examples from Indonesia and the
Philippines. International Studies in Migration, No. 103, ISBN
0-8133-7352-2. LC 87-10649. 1987. xvi, 191 pp. Westview Press: Boulder,
Colorado/London, England. In Eng.
"Although the literature on rapid
urbanization in the Third World is considerable, the role of
intermediate-sized cities in this process is not well documented. In
this comparative study, the contributors examine urbanization and
development in five intermediate-sized cities in Indonesia and the
Philippines. Their focus on population movements (both permanent and
temporary) and patterns of employment illuminates how the complex
relationships between the two phenomena influence the growth of cities.
Some of the specific variables analyzed include characteristics,
problems, and perceptions of migrants, nonmigrants, and circulators;
the role of the formal and informal sectors; labor creation; and the
alleviation of poverty."
Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
54:10063 de Cola,
Lee. Urban concentration in Africa. African Urban
Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 3-4, Aug-Nov 1986. 176-90 pp. Albany, New York.
In Eng.
"Urban concentration may be measured by the extent to which
a region's population resides in the largest cities. Three indices of
concentration are computed based on 1975 populations of 39 African
countries. Relative concentration is shown to be high, while absolute
and national concentrations are moderate. The indices are used to
classify African urban systems into Territorial, Primate, and National,
and the various dimensions of the phenomenon suggest different
political and policy conclusions. It is suggested that 'primacy' is
not in itself a pressing issue to absolute urban
size."
Correspondence: L. de Cola, Department of Geography,
University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10064 Dokmeci,
Vedia F. Turkey: distribution of cities and change over
time. Ekistics, Vol. 53, No. 316-317, Jan-Apr 1986. 13-7 pp.
Athens, Greece. In Eng.
Patterns of urbanization in Turkey from
1945 to 1975 are examined, with emphasis on the analysis of rank-size
patterns. Attention is given to changes over time in the national
rank-size distribution of cities, the growth rates of new cities, and
the rank-size distribution of cities in various regions. "In general,
the patterns of distribution of cities in Turkey are quite regular when
compared with other developing countries. Since 1945 the city system
has moved to a state more adjusted to the rank-size rule, paralleling
the economic development of the country."
Correspondence:
V. F. Dokmeci, Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Technical University,
Taksim, Istanbul, Turkey. Location: Princeton University Press
(UES).
54:10065 Faissol,
Speridiao; Ferreira, Marilourdes L.; Moreira, Lana L. The
process of Brazilian urbanization: a contribution toward the
formulation of a policy of urban/regional development. [O proceso
de urbanizacao brasileiro: uma contribuicao a formulacao de uma
politica de desenvolvimento urbano/regional.] Revista Geografica, No.
103, Jan-Jun 1986. 111-58 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Por.
Aspects
of urbanization and industrialization in Brazil are analyzed. Data are
from a variety of sources including the 1980 census. The focus is on
regional differences and their causes.
Correspondence: S.
Faissol, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Sao Francisco
Xavier 524, Maracana, 20550 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
54:10066 Fuchs,
Roland J.; Jones, Gavin W.; Pernia, Ernesto M.; Ward, Sandra
E. Urbanization and urban policies in Pacific Asia.
ISBN 0-8133-7426-X. LC 87-6105. 1987. xx, 370 pp. Westview Press:
Boulder, Colorado/London, England. In Eng.
This is a collection of
papers by various authors on aspects of urbanization in Asian countries
bordering the Pacific. The papers were presented at a conference held
April 8-12, 1985, in Honolulu, Hawaii. The 16 papers are grouped under
8 general headings: the implications of demographic and economic
change for urbanization; the international economy and national
urbanization; mobility, labor markets, and the welfare implications of
urbanization; effects of implicit policies and institutional factors;
effectiveness of decentralization policies; urban management issues and
policies; national urban goals and policies; and issues for further
research.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10067 Fuguitt,
Glenn V.; Heaton, Tim B.; Lichter, Daniel T. Monitoring
the metropolitanization process. Demography, Vol. 25, No. 1, Feb
1988. 115-28 pp. Alexandria, Virginia. In Eng.
"Alternative
approaches have led to different interpretations of the
metropolitanization process in the United States. We identify and
illustrate several methods and procedures for monitoring
metropolitan-nonmetropolitan population change using the 1950-1980 U.S.
decennial censuses. Two basic approaches are compared: constant area
approaches and component methods. In addition, we assess the effects
of changing metropolitan definitions on metropolitan-nonmetropolitan
growth. The results clearly reveal that the underlying mechanics of
metropolitanization not only are complex but have changed substantially
during the 1950-1980 period. We conclude with observations regarding
the use of these procedures in future
research."
Correspondence: G. V. Fuguitt, Department of
Rural Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10068 Gibson,
Campbell. The population in large urban concentrations in
the United States, 1790-1980: a delineation using highly urbanized
counties. Demography, Vol. 24, No. 4, Nov 1987. 601-14 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Although there is a historical series on
the urban population of the United States for the period covered by
national population censuses (1790-1980), no corresponding historical
series exists on the population in metropolitan areas or urbanized
areas. The paper presents a time series on the population in highly
urbanized counties. The series, which combines the metropolitan-area
and urbanized-area concepts, facilitates compilation of social,
economic, and other data and permits quantification of the effect of
reclassification of territory on the growth of this population. The
growth of the population in highly urbanized counties in the United
States is discussed briefly, with an emphasis on the effect of
reclassification."
This is a revised version of a paper originally
presented at the 1987 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America (see Population Index, Vol. 53, No. 3, Fall 1987, p.
422).
Correspondence: C. Gibson, Population Division, U.S.
Bureau of the Census, Suitland, MD 20233. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10069 Goodman,
Allen C. Using Lorenz curves to characterise urban elderly
populations. Urban Studies, Vol. 24, No. 1, Feb 1987. 77-80 pp.
Harlow, England. In Eng.
"This study measures urban elderly
distributions using Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients estimated from
1980 [U.S.] Census data. The results suggest ways that such summary
measures can be used to examine population distributions among urban
areas. The paper considers three metropolitan areas, Baltimore,
Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh. The elderly are more concentrated in the
central cities of Philadelphia and Baltimore than in Pittsburgh, even
though the Pittsburgh SMSA has the largest elderly percentage of the
three. The elderly and the poor elderly are more concentrated in
Baltimore than in Philadelphia, and both are more concentrated than in
Pittsburgh."
Correspondence: A. C. Goodman, Department of
Economics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
54:10070 Hardoy,
Jorge E.; Satterthwaite, David. Urban change in the third
world: are recent trends a useful pointer to the urban future?
Habitat International, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1986. 33-52 pp. Oxford, England.
In Eng.
"This paper has three aims. The first is to examine the
reliability of the data base for the statistics which are used as the
basis for commenting on urban change in 'the Third World'. The second
is to explore whether valid generalisations about urban change can be
made for the Third World. And the third is to examine the validity of
United Nations projections for the Third World's urban
future."
Correspondence: J. E. Hardoy, International
Institute for Environment and Development, 3 Endsleigh Street, London
WC1H 0DD, England. Location: Princeton University Library
(UES).
54:10071 Henderson,
J. Vernon. Industrialization and urbanization:
international experience. In: Population growth and economic
development: issues and evidence, edited by D. Gale Johnson and Ronald
D. Lee. Social Demography, 1987. 189-224 pp. University of Wisconsin
Press: Madison, Wisconsin; National Research Council, Committee on
Population, Working Group on Population Growth and Economic
Development: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This chapter examines
urbanization experience in various parts of the world. Based on a
variety of scientific papers, it identifies common features of the
urban sector across countries. These features include trade relations
and production patterns among cities in an economy and their
relationships to city size distributions, location of economic
activity, and regional development. In the course of the analysis, the
relationships among population growth, economic development,
urbanization, industrialization, centralization, and urban
concentration are examined. In the discussion, the role of population
size, or scale, and the various types of economies of scale in
production are detailed. The international experience drawn upon
consists of both overviews of large samples of countries and more
detailed looks at Brazil, Korea, and the United States, as well as some
aspects of Japan, India, Taiwan, and the
U.S.S.R."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10072 Hsu,
Mei-Ling. Chinese cities: controlled growth and
employment problems. Urban Geography, Vol. 7, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1986.
336-69 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"This study examines
population growth--both natural and that due to migration--in Chinese
cities over the past 35 years and analyzes the interaction of
population growth and socioeconomic development in urban centers,
particularly the problem of employment. China has a unique demographic
history, although some aspects of its demography conform to the world
pattern. The general and unique aspects of Chinese urban population
dynamics are distinguished where appropriate. The pattern of natural
increase of Chinese cities is characterized by two periods of highs.
The major migratory movements were set in motion by actions of the
government. Over the decades, the characteristics and structure of the
city population have changed. One change has been the faster growth of
the working-age population as compared with the dependent groups. This
growth has resulted in increased demand for new jobs, aggravating the
employment problem."
Correspondence: M. L. Hsu, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455. Location: Princeton
University Library (UES).
54:10073 India.
Office of the Registrar General (New Delhi, India). Census
of India 1981. Urban growth in India, 1951-1981 (a statistical
analysis). Census Monograph, No. 1, [1986]. vi, 72 pp. New Delhi,
India. In Eng.
Trends in urbanization in India from 1951 to 1981
are analyzed based on census data. Topics covered include the
evolution of urban centers; the degree, growth, and tempo of
urbanization; variations in levels of urban population concentration;
growth and contribution of satellite towns; regional differences in
urbanization; and migration and urban growth.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10074 Kahimbaara,
J. A. The population density gradient and the spatial
structure of a third world city: Nairobi, a case study. Urban
Studies, Vol. 23, No. 4, Aug 1986. 307-22 pp. Harlow, England. In Eng.
"A generalized Newling function to the fourth degree is used as a
regionalizing technique to analyze population density data from the
1969 national census of Kenya in order to identify the spatial
structure of Nairobi, Kenya's primate city." Various hypotheses based
on Nairobi's colonial origins and development experience are
tested.
Correspondence: J. A. Kahimbaara, Department of
Geography, National University of Lesotho, Roma, Lesotho.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
54:10075 Kojima,
Reeitsu. Urbanization and urban problems in China.
IDE Occasional Papers Series, No. 22, ISBN 4-258-52022-5. 1987. x, 142
pp. Institute of Developing Economies: Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
Urbanization trends and associated problems in modern China are
reviewed. Topics covered include the concept of urban areas in China,
the classification and distribution of urban areas by population and
rural-urban migration characteristics, housing, environment, transport,
center city renovation, and urban planning.
Location:
East-West Population Institute, Honolulu, HI.
54:10076 London,
Bruce. Structural determinants of third world urban
change: an ecological and political economic analysis. American
Sociological Review, Vol. 52, No. 1, Feb 1987. 28-43 pp. Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
"Quantitative, cross-national studies of peripheral
urbanization have been rooted in human ecology or political economy.
Studies in the human ecology tradition cite rural adversity as a major
determinant of Third World urban growth. Studies in the political
economy mode emphasize economic dependency. This paper (a) argues that
no quantitative analysis of Third World urbanization can be complete if
it fails to incorporate determinants suggested by one or the other
theory and (b) conducts such a 'complete' quantitative, cross-national
analysis, which examines simultaneously both rural adversity and
dependency as predictors of urban change. Findings suggest that both
factors are important."
Correspondence: B. London,
Department of Sociology and Social Psychology, Florida Atlantic
University, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10077 Ma,
Laurence J. C.; Cui, Gonghao. Administrative changes and
urban population in China. Annals of the Association of American
Geographers, Vol. 77, No. 3, Sep 1987. 373-95 pp. Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
"The lack of well-defined and standardized terms for urban
settlements in China has created much confusion among Chinese as well
as Western scholars regarding the size of China's urban population and
the nation's urbanization level. In this paper we identify the major
types of China's urban population and explain their relationships to
areal units. The aggregate population of the officially designated
cities and towns, which has been widely used in China and elsewhere as
an indicator of China's urbanization level, should no longer be used
because of changes after 1979 in the designation of urban areas: these
changes had the effect of adding agricultural households to the urban
population. According to the official indicator, China's population
was 31.9 percent urban in 1984. A more realistic measure of
urbanization, which excludes the agricultural population of cities and
towns, shows that China was actually 15.7 percent urban in
1984."
Correspondence: L. J. C. Ma, Department of
Geography, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
54:10078 Ma,
Laurence J. C.; Noble, Allen G. Chinese cities: a
research agenda. Urban Geography, Vol. 7, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1986.
279-90 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
This is an introduction
to a special issue of Urban Geography devoted to urbanization in China,
particularly the role of urbanization in the development process that
has occurred in the post-Mao period since 1976. The papers included
here were presented at a conference on Asian urbanization, held at the
University of Akron, Ohio, April 19-20, 1985. The authors of this
introduction identify a number of important issues related to
urbanization in China and suggest areas for future
research.
Selected papers from this conference are cited elsewhere
in this issue.
Correspondence: L. J. C. Ma, University of
Akron, 302 E. Buchtel Avenue, Akron, OH 44325. Location:
Princeton University Library (UES).
54:10079 Ma,
Qingyu. Preliminary analysis of population distribution in
Beijing, Tianjin, and Tangshan. Renkou Yanjiu, No. 6, Nov 29,
1985. 31-3 pp. Beijing, China. In Chi.
The author analyzes
population distribution in Beijing, Tianjin, and Tangshan, China.
According to the author, the population distribution of these areas is
characterized first by high population density. The forms of
distribution are found to be many and varied: network distribution,
cluster distribution, star distribution, bar distribution, and point
distribution in rural residential areas. The ratio of urban population
to rural population is high, but the distribution is concentrated. The
factors affecting population distribution are natural environment,
economic development, and historical heritage.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10080 Montgomery,
Mark R. The impacts of urban population growth on urban
labor markets and the costs of urban service delivery: a review.
In: Population growth and economic development: issues and evidence,
edited by D. Gale Johnson and Ronald D. Lee. Social Demography, 1987.
149-88 pp. University of Wisconsin Press: Madison, Wisconsin; National
Research Council, Committee on Population, Working Group on Population
Growth and Economic Development: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The
economic consequences of high rates of natural increase in urban areas
and rural-urban migration in developing countries are examined. "The
emphasis here is on the impact of labor transfer on urban and rural
earnings levels and on the role played by differential rates of
technological change....Simple empirical associations between
urbanization, sectoral labor force shares, and per capita income levels
are then briefly reviewed....Next are three more detailed discussions
concerning the economic consequences of rural-to-urban migration for
the individual migrant, the consequences of urban population growth for
urban labor markets, and, finally an important but still poorly
understood set of issues--the impact of outmigration on rural, sending
regions. The next major section of the chapter addresses policy issues
involved in the provision of urban services....[The final section]
reviews the available literature on antiaccommodationist schemes
designed to deter rural-urban migration, and also considers those
employment deconcentration or decentralization policies that aim to
divert urban growth from primate cities."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10081 Morocco.
Direction de la Statistique. Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches
Demographiques (Rabat, Morocco). The demographic dynamics
of urban centers in Morocco, 1960-1982. [La dynamique
demographique des centres urbains au Maroc (1960-1982).] Sep 1987. 59
pp. Rabat, Morocco. In Fre.
Recent urbanization trends in Morocco
are analyzed using primarily data from the 1982 census. The report is
concerned with the 240 urban centers in the country, with emphasis on
the role of rural-urban migration in their rates of growth. An attempt
is made to develop a general typology of the country's urban
centers.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10082 Motorin, R.
M. Dynamics of population size and composition in Kiev
during the past 110 years. [Dinamika chisel'nosti ta skladu
naselennya Kieva za ostanni 110 rokiv.] Demografichni Doslidzhennya,
Vol. 10, 1986. 89-95 pp. Kiev, USSR. In Ukr. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
Demographic trends in Kiev, USSR, for the period 1874-1984 are
analyzed. Aspects considered include the dynamics of natural increase
and changes in age, sex, and ethnic structures.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10083 Pannell,
Clifton W. Recent increase in Chinese urbanization.
Urban Geography, Vol. 7, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1986. 291-310 pp. Silver
Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"Recent evidence indicates a faster
growth in level of urbanization than population in China during the
last 35 years, despite some years during the 1960s when urban
population experienced an absolute decline. Official estimates show an
increase in the level of urbanization from 10.7% (1949) to 23.5%
(1983). Changing policies have led to adjustments in the definitions
of city, town, and urban population as well as the official
statistics....Regional differences in level of urbanization were
identified, with the highest levels found in the three national
municipalities--Shanghai, Beijing, and Tianjin--as well as the three
northeastern provinces--Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning. Analysis of
different variables indicated level of commercialization of agriculture
as measured by the per capita value of agricultural output explained
best the regional level of urbanization. Continued increase in the
level of urbanization in China is anticipated in step with the overall
economic growth and development that has occurred with recent policy
shifts and economic reforms."
Correspondence: C. W.
Pannell, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Location:
Princeton University Library (UES).
54:10084 Papail,
Jean; Picouet, Michel; Canas, Jose. Towns and oil.
Historical and future aspects of urban populations in Venezuela.
[Des villes et du petrole. Aspects historiques et prospectifs des
populations urbaines au Venezuela.] Travaux et Documents de l'ORSTOM,
No. 203, ISBN 2-7099-0823-9. 1987. 171 pp. Editions de l'ORSTOM: Paris,
France; Institut Francais de Recherche Scientifique pour le
Developpement en Cooperation: Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Spa.
Recent urbanization trends in Venezuela are studied. A general
introduction to the demography of Venezuela precedes a description of
the origins and development of the country's urban system. Recent
changes affecting the development of the urban system are reviewed,
including natural increase, rural-urban migration, and the development
of regional urban systems. A final section examines the factors that
will affect future rates of urban growth.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10085 Petsimeris,
Petros. Growth, distribution and rank stability of urban
settlements in Greece. Ekistics, Vol. 53, No. 316-317, Jan-Apr
1986. 54-62 pp. Athens, Greece. In Eng.
"This paper aims at
analyzing the structure of the system in Greece of urban settlements,
from 1870 to 1981. It is based on a study by the author concerning the
process of urbanization and the problems of the 'residential subsystem'
in countries of intermediate development with special reference to
Greece. The analysis takes as sole indicator of the evolution of the
urban centers network, the long term variation of population of urban
settlements in Greece and as tools of analysis, the Rank-Size Rule
(RSR) and Hoover's Index." Distinctions are drawn between the urban
settlement patterns in the pre-capitalist and capitalist periods, the
latter being marked by an unbalanced hierarchy dominated by Athens and
without medium-sized cities, other than
Thessaloniki.
Correspondence: P. Petsimeris, Centre
d'Etudes Regionales et d'Amenagement, Universite de Caen, Espl. de la
Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France. Location: Princeton University
Press (UES).
54:10086 Pribadi,
Krishna N.; Berry, Brian J. L. Urbanization in Indonesia:
application and extension of a model suggested by Tolley. Urban
Geography, Vol. 7, No. 6, Dec 1986. 447-96 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland.
In Eng.
"The purpose of this paper is to develop a demoeconomic
model that explains historic urbanization in terms of the level of
productivity in Indonesia. We first examine an economic model of
urbanization proposed by Tolley and apply it to the Indonesian case.
The model performs well for the country as a whole, but not for the
major islands separately because it excludes interisland migration. In
the second part of the paper, an extension of Tolley's model that
includes demographic variables is offered and again applied to the
Indonesian data, permitting estimates to be made of the components of
the interisland migration."
Correspondence: K. N. Pribadi,
Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Tamansari 64, Bandung 40132,
Indonesia. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
54:10087 Schmelz, U.
O. Modern Jerusalem's demographic evolution. Jewish
Population Studies, No. 20, 1987. 136 pp. Hebrew University of
Jerusalem, Institute of Contemporary Jewry: Jerusalem, Israel;
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies: Jerusalem, Israel. In Eng.
This study provides an account of the demographic development of
modern Jerusalem and a description of the city's current population
characteristics. The author traces the demographic development of the
city from the late Ottoman period through the British mandate and the
post-independence period, concentrating finally on the period since
reunification in 1967.
Correspondence: Institute of
Contemporary Jewry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904,
Israel. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10088 Skinner,
Elliot P. Urbanization in Francophone Africa. African
Urban Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 3-4, Aug-Nov 1986. 191-5 pp. Albany, New
York. In Eng.
"The urbanization in Francophone Africa has developed
because of rural to urban migration resulting mainly from push and pull
factors. The urbanization process is characterized by the development
of large primate cities which failed to manage the lives of their
residents as well as those of the ones living in the rural hinterlands.
The cities accelerate the rhythm of urbanization, economic dependence
and underdevelopment, diffusion of innovation, mutation of traditional
institutions, and political conflict and revolution. All the
Francophone African urban centers have closer links with Paris than
with their hinterlands because of the nature of their historical
development."
Correspondence: E. P. Skinner, Department of
Anthropology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10089 Stepanenko,
A. V. The demographic balance of towns.
[Demografichna zbalansovanist' rozvitku mist.] Demografichni
Doslidzhennya, Vol. 10, 1986. 73-80 pp. Kiev, USSR. In Ukr. with sum.
in Eng; Rus.
The author analyzes demographic processes in cities of
the Ukrainian SSR. Aspects considered include fertility, mortality,
population growth, migration, age and sex distribution, and family
relationships.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:10090
Syafrizal. Urbanization control policies in
Indonesia. [Kebijaksanaan pengendalian urbanisasi di Indonesia.]
Majalah Demografi Indonesia/Indonesian Journal of Demography, Vol. 14,
No. 27, Jun 1987. iii-iv, 51-76 pp. Jakarta, Indonesia. In Ind. with
sum. in Eng.
Urbanization policy in Indonesia is outlined.
Elements of this policy include the issuing of residency permits for
major urban areas, the migration program to assist jobless urban
residents in moving to underpopulated areas, and rural development and
the encouragement of growth in smaller urban centers. The
effectiveness of existing policies in controlling urbanization is
assessed.
Correspondence: Syafrizal, Fakultas Ekonomi,
Universitas Andalas, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan 77, Padang, West Sumatra,
Indonesia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10091 Taamallah,
Malika. Urbanization and its consequences for
socio-demographic structures in Tunisia. [L'urbanisation et ses
consequences sur les structures socio-demographiques en Tunisie.] Revue
Tunisienne de Sciences Sociales, Vol. 23, No. 84-87, 1986. 377-96 pp.
Tunis, Tunisia. In Fre.
Comparisons are made between rural and
urban populations in Tunisia in terms of selected demographic and
social factors using official and other published data for the late
1970s and early 1980s. The focus is on the consequences of imbalances
created by Tunisia's urbanization for population composition, health,
economic development, and certain social structures. The history of
urbanization in Tunisia since the end of the nineteenth century is
outlined. Urban and rural populations are compared on the basis of sex
distribution, age distribution, mortality, and fertility. The
relationships among urbanization and economic development, public
health, and family structure are considered.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10092 United
Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs (New
York, New York). Population growth and policies in
mega-cities: Bangkok. Population Policy Paper, No. 10;
ST/ESA/SER.R/72, 1987. vii, 47 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
This
is one in a series concerning population policies and planning issues
in the mega-cities of the developing world. The focus is on the
formulation, implementation, and evaluation of policies designed to
improve the quality of life and standard of living of the inhabitants
of the world's largest cities. This study concerns Bangkok, Thailand.
A chapter is included on demographic characteristics, including
population growth, migration, and population
projections.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10093 United
Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs (New
York, New York). Population growth and policies in
mega-cities: Madras. Population Policy Paper, No. 12;
ST/ESA/SER.R/75, 1987. vii, 30 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
This
is one in a series concerning population policies and planning issues
in the mega-cities of the developing world. The focus is on the
formulation, implementation, and evaluation of policies designed to
improve the quality of life and standard of living of the inhabitants
of the world's largest cities. This study concerns Madras, India. A
chapter is included on demographic characteristics, including
population growth, migration, and population
projections.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10094 Wood,
William B. Urbanization within the Indonesian economy: a
policy dilemma. Cities, Vol. 3, No. 3, Aug 1986. 219-27 pp.
Guildford, England. In Eng.
"Most Third World countries have
serious problems relating to rapid urban growth but attempts to solve
urban problems have generally failed. This paper looks at the urban
issues of one country, Indonesia, and the attempts by the Indonesian
government to control rural to urban migration. Contradictions between
macroeconomic and urban policies, however, have undermined government
programmes."
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
54:10095 Young,
Frank W. Export and urbanization: a comparative study of
the province of sub-Saharan Africa. African Urban Quarterly, Vol.
1, No. 2, May 1986. 75-85 pp. Albany, New York. In Eng.
"One
variant of the export impact hypothesis states that export agriculture
or mining retards urban growth, even though some single city control
centers may develop. The counterposition claims that export activity
fosters economic growth and with it urban development. These two
positions are explored and tested using data coded from detailed maps
of what turned out to be 253 subnational regions in the 40 sub-Saharan
African countries. The analysis distinguishes towns (under 25,000
population) from cities, and the coastal provinces (300 kilometers or
less) from hinterland subregions. Likewise, mining contrasts with
agricultural exports. Given these distinctions, the breakdown analysis
of means for towns and cities showed that mining is positively related
to both town-based and city-based urbanization, regardless of distance
from the coast. Agricultural export activity is also related to the
number of towns in both zones and rather strongly related to the number
of cities in the hinterland, but not in the coast. Mineral export
activity generally fosters town-based urbanization while agricultural
export activity fosters city-based urbanization, but only in the
hinterland."
Correspondence: F. W. Young, Department of
Rural Sociology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10096
Bobrishchev, O. V.; Dudnik, I. M. The
interrelations of population settlement and services in rural
administrative regions. [Pro vzaemozv"yazok rozselennya i
obslugovuvannya naselennya v sil's'komu administrativnomu raioni.]
Demografichni Doslidzhennya, Vol. 10, 1986. 86-9 pp. Kiev, USSR. In
Ukr. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The authors investigate the use of
territorial systems in settling and servicing the population in the
rural administrative regions of the Ukrainian SSR. Measures are
suggested for promoting development in the region by improving the
management of these systems.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:10097 Dottin,
Milagros. Indicators concerning women and rural families
in the Dominican Republic. The National Survey of Rural Women,
1985. [Indicadores sobre mujer y familia rurales en Republica
Dominicana. Encuesta Nacional de Mujeres Rurales, 1985.] Mar 1987. 150
pp. Centro de Investigacion para la Accion Femenina [CIPAF]: Santo
Domingo, Dominican Republic. In Spa.
The results of a survey of
rural women in the Dominican Republic carried out in 1985 are
presented. The data concern a population of 12,243 living in 2,152
households. Data are included on population characteristics, migrants,
socioeconomic indicators, labor force participation, housing,
educational status, and marital status.
Location: New York
Public Library.
54:10098 Fedoseev,
V. I. Rural population of a region. [Sel'skoe
naselenie regiona.] 1986. 144 pp. Mysl': Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
The
author investigates socio-demographic differences among rural
settlements in the USSR, particularly in Western Siberia, with the aim
of developing a method of analysis that can be used in demographic and
socioeconomic development planning in rural regions. Sections are
included on methods of investigating socio-demographic differentiation
in a village of a major rural region, specifics of demographic and
socioeconomic development in rural regions of Western Siberia, and a
complex typology of rural regions in Western
Siberia.
Correspondence: Izdatel'stvo Mysl', Leninskii
Prospekt 15, 117071 Moscow, USSR. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10099 Fuguitt,
Glenn V.; Lichter, Daniel T.; Pfeffer, Max J.; Jenkins, Robert
M. Nonmetropolitan population deconcentration in the
1980s. CDE Working Paper, No. 87-34, 1987. 23, [6] pp. University
of Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology: Madison, Wisconsin. In
Eng.
"Our paper has three objectives aimed at providing evidence
regarding recent patterns of concentration/deconcentration within the
nonmetropolitan U.S. First, we examine relative rates of urban and
rural growth during the 1960-70, 1970-80, and 1980-84 periods....We
document spatial variation in urban-rural shifts for nonmetropolitan
counties differentiated by: (1) region; (2) metropolitan adjacency
status; and (3) local urbanization, as measured by size-of-largest
place in the county. Second, we examine shifts in the proportion of
nonmetropolitan counties experiencing rural growth during 1960-84, and
we document the changing proportion of counties experiencing
urban-rural deconcentration. Finally, we examine temporal shifts in
the character of nonmetropolitan urban-rural deconcentration." The
data are from U.S. censuses and other official Census Bureau
sources.
Correspondence: Center for Demography and Ecology,
University of Wisconsin, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI
53706-1393. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10100 Krisanov,
D. F. Means of retaining and increasing the viability of
populated rural areas. [Shlyachi zberezhennya i pidvishchennya
zhittezdatnosti sil's'kich naselenich punktiv.] Demografichni
Doslidzhennya, Vol. 10, 1986. 80-5 pp. Kiev, USSR. In Ukr. with sum. in
Eng; Rus.
Economic and mathematical models are used to study the
viability of populations in rural areas in the Ukrainian SSR. The
author discusses methods of maintaining and strengthening the viability
of villages and of stabilizing the rural settlement
system.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
