54:10001 Caldwell,
John; Caldwell, Pat. Limiting population growth and the
Ford Foundation contribution. ISBN 0-86187-576-1. LC 85-16975.
1986. viii, 194 pp. Frances Pinter: Dover, New Hampshire/London,
England. In Eng.
This study examines the contribution of the Ford
Foundation in the field of population. Specifically, the authors
examine the impact of the 45 million dollars the Foundation spent on
the development of graduate education in the population field in the
areas of social science and public health from 1960. The report
describes the growth of the scientific study of population in the
period between the two world wars, the first population programs in
developing countries, and the efforts of institutions such as the Ford
Foundation to promote the growth of such programs. Consideration is
also given to the reasons for the decline in Ford Foundation support in
the 1970s due to factors such as the decline of available funds, the
growth of government funding, and the breakdown in the consensus
regarding the role of population growth in the development process.
The authors conclude by summarizing both what has been achieved and
what remains to be done.
Location: Population Council
Library, New York, NY.
54:10002 Hartmann,
Betsy. Reproductive rights and wrongs: the global
politics of population control and contraceptive choice. ISBN
0-06-055065-1. LC 86-46070. 1987. xv, 368 pp. Harper and Row: New York,
New York. In Eng.
This is "a critique of the economic, political,
health, and human rights consequences of population control as
practiced by the U.S. population establishment, national governments,
and international agencies." The author argues that the goal of
reducing birth rates has distorted contraceptive development in the
United States and undermined family planning programs in developing
countries. She goes on to argue that the solution to population
problems lies in the improvement of living standards, women's status in
society, and the quality of health and family planning services. She
suggests that programs should aim to expand rather than restrict
individual reproductive choices. Topics covered include "the evolution
of the U.S. population establishment, China's one-child policy,
sterilization abuse in South Asia and Latin America, the neglect of
barrier contraception and its potential beneficial role in the fight
against AIDS, the Reagan Administration's attack on abortion rights
overseas, and the impact of the reproductive rights movement on the
population field."
Location: Population Council Library,
New York, NY.
54:10003 Johnson,
Stanley P. World population and the United Nations:
challenge and response. ISBN 0-521-32207-3. LC 87-5126. 1987.
xxxviii, 357 pp. Cambridge University Press: New York, New
York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"This book is about the challenge
posed by the unprecedented growth of the world's population and the
response which has been made to that challenge by the United Nations
and its system of agencies. It focusses in particular on the creation,
in 1969, of the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA)
as the principal instrument for the United Nations' population
programmes and on the work undertaken by the United Nations and its
specialized agencies, including the World Bank, in this field. A
substantial part of the book is devoted to discussing the actual
achievements, in terms of demographic policies and falling birth rates,
which have been realized in different parts of the developing world,
with special emphasis being given to a discussion of recent events in
selected countries of Asia (including China and India), Latin America
and Africa. There are major chapters on the two international
conferences on population which have been held during the period under
consideration: namely the World Population Conference which took place
in Bucharest in August 1974, and the International Conference on
Population which was held in Mexico City ten years
later."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10004 Strohbach,
E. On the connection between demographic reproduction and
population development. [Zum Zusammenhang zwischen demografischer
Reproduktion und Bevolkerungsentwicklung.] Zeitschrift fur die Gesamte
Hygiene und Ihre Grenzgebiete, Vol. 33, No. 3, 1987. 161-2 pp. Berlin,
German Democratic Republic. In Ger. with sum. in Eng.
"Extraordinarily divergent conceptions exist about the importance,
cause and effect of an unsecured reproduction of the population. The
spectrum of the misunderstandings and false interpretations covers the
field from unjustified dramatisation to the total misjudging and
ignoring...of those consequences which arise if the population of a
country does not reproduce itself sufficiently for a long
time."
Correspondence: E. Strohbach, Hochschule fur
Okonomie "Bruno Leuschner", Sektion Sozialistische Volkswirtschaft,
Wissenschaftsbereich Arbeitsokonomie, Lehrstule Demografie,
Hermann-Duncker-Strasse, 8, Berlin 1157, German. Location:
U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
54:10005 Artzrouni,
Marc. The rate of convergence of a generalized stable
population. Journal of Mathematical Biology, Vol. 24, No. 4, 1986.
405-22 pp. Heidelberg, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Eng.
The
purpose of this paper is "to derive a measure of the rate of
convergence to stability of an [age-structured] exponential population,
and to see how the results specialize to the classical case of constant
vital rates."
Correspondence: M. Artzrouni, Department of
Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-1907.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
54:10006 Coleman,
David. Population regulation: a long-range view. In:
The state of population theory: forward from Malthus, edited by David
Coleman and Roger Schofield. 1986. 14-41 pp. Basil Blackwell: New York,
New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
This chapter is concerned with
the ways in which populations adapt, or fail to adapt, their numbers
and growth rates to their environment. Four main concepts are
considered: the dissociation of demographic response from population
pressure; the evolution of systems of population feedback and
regulation and the adaptive nature of changes; the existence of a
variety of feedback mechanisms, both positive and negative, and their
development in different kinds of societies; and absolute limits to
population size, on both regional and global scales, and the exogenous
factors affecting them.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
54:10007 Coleman,
David; Schofield, Roger. The state of population theory:
forward from Malthus. ISBN 0-631-13975-3. LC 85-26668. 1986. vi,
311 pp. Basil Blackwell: New York, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
This book is the product of a conference titled "Forward from
Malthus: The State of Population Theory in 1984", held in Cambridge,
England, in 1984. It consists of eight papers presented at the
conference, supplemented by four additional papers. The purpose of the
conference was to take stock of developments in population theory since
Malthus's death and to see how far they could be unified. The emphasis
is on external theory relating population processes to conditions in
the world rather than on internal theory concerning the mathematical
core of demography.
Selected items will be cited in this or
subsequent issues of Population Index.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10008 Dasgupta,
Partha. The ethical foundations of population
policies. In: Population growth and economic development: issues
and evidence, edited by D. Gale Johnson and Ronald D. Lee. Social
Demography, 1987. 631-59 pp. University of Wisconsin Press: Madison,
Wisconsin; National Research Council, Committee on Population, Working
Group on Population Growth and Economic Development: Washington, D.C.
In Eng.
Optimum population theory is considered as an aspect of
social choice theory involving different number choices, which are
defined as those that affect both the identities and numbers of future
persons. "First, the genesis problem, in which all persons are assumed
to be potential, was surveyed....Next, the discussion focused on the
repugnant conclusion, which is implied by classical utilitarianism when
applied to different number choices....The discussion further addressed
various types of social welfare functions that violate the Pareto-plus
principle when applied to different number choices and thus avoid the
repugnant conclusion. The chapter then turned to actual problems
concerning different number choices."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10009 Kreager,
Philip. Demographic regimes as cultural systems. In:
The state of population theory: forward from Malthus, edited by David
Coleman and Roger Schofield. 1986. 131-55 pp. Basil Blackwell: New
York, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
This chapter is concerned
with population theory in the context of the social structures of
traditional rural communities. The author begins by establishing why
the study of rural social structures is of specific demographic
interest today. The emphasis is on various strategies that individuals
and groups pursue in order to adapt to changing demographic trends.
The process by which social groups control their vital processes are
seen as restricted demographic regimes that should be considered in
their local context.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:10010 Lee, Ronald
D. Malthus and Boserup: a dynamic synthesis. In: The
state of population theory: forward from Malthus, edited by David
Coleman and Roger Schofield. 1986. 96-130 pp. Basil Blackwell: New
York, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
The compatibility of the
macro-demographic population theories developed by Malthus and Boserup
is examined. The author "examines the behaviour of a system governed
by the mechanisms of both theories, and, in particular, considers the
broad qualitative features of the dynamics of such a system." A
theoretical analysis using the phase diagram indicates that a formal
synthesis of the two theories is possible and provides a framework for
analyzing historical population change.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10011 Lee, Ronald
D. Population dynamics of humans and other animals.
Demography, Vol. 24, No. 4, Nov 1987. 443-65 pp. Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
This is the text of the Presidential Address presented at the
1987 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America. It is
concerned with the concept of population equilibrium or homeostasis,
and with density-dependent checks on human population growth. The
concept of homeostasis is discussed. The author attempts to estimate
the strength of homeostasis, or negative feedback, in human populations
and to what extent density affects vital rates; the implications of
this relationship are elaborated. The interaction of climatic change
with demographic equilibrium is considered. The consequences of
homeostasis for the contemporary world are examined, with specific
reference to long swings in fertility as a manifestation of
homeostasis. The author concludes that homeostasis has governed human
population dynamics up to the nineteenth century, even though in a less
obvious way than for animal populations. However, it disappeared during
the course of economic development. The circumstances of its eventual
return are considered.
Correspondence: R. D. Lee, Graduate
Group in Demography and Department of Economics, University of
California, Berkeley, CA 94720. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10012 Nerlove,
Marc; Razin, Assaf; Sadka, Efraim. Endogenous population
with public goods and Malthusian fixed resources: efficiency or market
failure. International Economic Review, Vol. 27, No. 3, Oct 1986.
601-9 pp. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In Eng.
A theoretical
population model is developed, which takes into account both the desire
of a nation for a large population for political and economic reasons,
as well as the Malthusian pressures that suggest that there is a
natural tendency toward overpopulation. The model assumes that parents
care about both the number and well-being of their children. The
results show that these two possible sources of externality do not lead
to market failure, nor to unfettered, competitive individual decisions
concerning childbearing that are detrimental to
society.
Correspondence: M. Nerlove, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
54:10013 Ng,
Yew-Kwang. Social criteria for evaluating population
change: an alternative to the Blackorby-Donaldson criterion.
Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 29, No. 3, Apr 1986. 375-81 pp.
Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"An ethical objection is raised
against the Blackorby-Donaldson criterion of optimum population
maximizing the sum total of utilities in excess of some critical level,
since it may disprefer a social state with more people and with more
worthwhile lives. However, the criterion may serve as a practicably
reasonable compromise between maximizing total and average utility.
Nevertheless, an alternative compromise (the maximization of
number-dampened total utility) is proposed that is free from the above
objection."
Correspondence: Y. K. Ng, Department of
Economics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168 Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
54:10014 Okolski,
Marek. Reflections on the mechanism of demographic
transition. [Refleksje nad mechanizmem przejscia demograficznego.]
Studia Demograficzne, No. 2/88, 1987. 33-46 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol.
with sum. in Eng; Rus.
Some assumptions inherent in the concept of
demographic transition are considered. "In accordance with many of
these assumptions, reproduction of the population is characterized by
homeostasis towards [the] ecological and social environment. Long-term
ecological, social and demographic stability is reached as a result of
the process of adaptation, in which births, deaths and migration,
jointly or independently, play a main part. In this process numbers of
births and deaths equalize in principle one another. The old stability
is destroyed by processes connected with modernization and by
establishment of the environment on [a] higher level than before...."
The process of demographic transition is seen as an adaptation by the
population to meet new conditions, primarily involving the control of
fertility.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10015 Piskunov,
V. P.; Steshenko, V. S. Social monism in the study of
population reproduction. [Sotsial'nii monizm u vivchenni
vidtvorennya naselennya.] Demografichni Doslidzhennya, Vol. 10, 1986.
16-24 pp. Kiev, USSR. In Ukr. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The study of
population reproduction as a social process is examined, with emphasis
on social monism as opposed to biosocial dualism.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10016 Schofield,
Roger; Coleman, David. Introduction: the state of
population theory. In: The state of population theory: forward
from Malthus, edited by David Coleman and Roger Schofield. 1986. 1-13
pp. Basil Blackwell: New York, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
This is the introduction to a collection of 12 studies on various
aspects of population theory. The complete work is the product of a
conference on developments in population theory since Malthus, held in
Cambridge, England, in 1984. The introduction includes a summary of
the main points from each of the 12 studies.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10017 Smith, R.
M. Transfer incomes, risk and security: the roles of the
family and the collectivity in recent theories of fertility
change. In: The state of population theory: forward from Malthus,
edited by David Coleman and Roger Schofield. 1986. 188-211 pp. Basil
Blackwell: New York, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
The author
examines Malthusian population theory in the context of the role of the
family and society rather than the individual in controlling fertility.
The emphasis is on the experience of Western Europe and of England in
particular. Consideration is given to the ways government and local
authorities intervened in times of dearth and to the demographic impact
on both fertility and mortality.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
54:10018 Valentei,
D. I. The fundamentals of population theory. [Osnovy
teorii narodonaseleniya.] LC 86-218424. 1986. 374 pp. Vysshaya Shkola:
Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
This is a revised edition of a textbook
outlining Marxist-Leninist population theory and is authorized for use
in the USSR. It includes a consideration of population issues in a
variety of socioeconomic settings as well as a critique of bourgeois
concepts in population studies.
For a previous edition, published in
1977, see 45:2030.
Location: Princeton University Library.
54:10019 von
Tunzelmann, G. N. Malthus's "total population system": a
dynamic reinterpretation. In: The state of population theory:
forward from Malthus, edited by David Coleman and Roger Schofield.
1986. 65-95 pp. Basil Blackwell: New York, New York/Oxford, England. In
Eng.
The author attempts to identify the core of Malthus's
theoretical approach to population. "The main thrust of the present
paper...is to sketch out a very simplified version of the 'total
population system' to demonstrate that Malthus was pre-eminently
concerned with the behaviour of that system when out of equilibrium,
i.e. what happened when its long-run properties were disturbed." The
author argues for "the relative unimportance of diminishing returns
except as a long-run tendency, and the relative importance of short-run
disturbances. These cyclical fluctuations occur both in the economic
sphere and in the demographic, and their interrelationship is the core
of the Malthusian model. My final section shows that the cyclical
return to a subsistence equilibrium can be evaded by the exercise of
'prudential restraint', and this is why the latter is such a vital
addition to the model when introduced into the second
Essay."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10020 Wrigley, E.
A. Elegance and experience: Malthus at the bar of
history. In: The state of population theory: forward from
Malthus, edited by David Coleman and Roger Schofield. 1986. 46-64 pp.
Basil Blackwell: New York, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"I
have attempted in this essay to subject some of the fundamental
assumptions [Malthus] made in the first Essay, his postulata, to the
test of modern historical knowledge of the behaviour of economic and
demographic variables in England in the centuries immediately before he
wrote. By his own criteria this is the most appropriate and searching
test to be made. In the main Malthus stands the test well, though
there are grounds for questioning some of the elements in his model
which he believed to be sound: for example, the reality of declining
marginal returns on the land, at least in the time scale of early
modern history."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
54:10021 Wu,
Zhongguan. Issues on the strategy of population
development. Renkou Yanjiu, No. 2, Mar 29, 1986. 2-6 pp. Beijing,
China. In Chi.
The author discusses the strategy of population
development based on the theory of Marxism. The strategy consists of
three elements--the quantity, quality, and structure of population.
Three theoretical issues are analyzed: the guiding ideology of the
strategy of population development, the role of the strategy of
population development in economic and social development, and the law
and rules that should be followed in the strategy-making
process.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10022 Blangiardo,
Gian C. Elements of demography. [Elementi di
demografia.] Nuova Scienza: Serie di Scienze Sociali, ISBN
88-15-01265-6. 1987. 237 pp. Il Mulino: Bologna, Italy. In Ita.
This is a basic introductory textbook on demography. It contains
four substantive chapters, which concern the dimensions and structure
of a population, determinants of population change, demographic
analysis, and population projections. The data used to illustrate the
text generally concern Italy. An appendix presents a facsimile of the
1981 Italian census questionnaire and a selective
bibliography.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
54:10023 Latuch,
Mikolaj. Social and economic demography. [Demografia
spoleczno-ekonimiczna.] 2nd rev. ed. ISBN 83-208-0476-0. 1985. 451 pp.
Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne: Warsaw, Poland. In Pol.
This
second revised edition, intended as a textbook for students in
demography and economics, deals with the relatively new discipline of
socioeconomic demography. Chapters are included on the contemporary
subject of demography and its broadened sources of information;
population records and reporting systems; contemporary population
censuses and their programs; marital status; marriages; family and
household; distribution of population by economic activity, profession,
socioeconomic group, and source of income; migration as a mechanical
socio-demographic process; elements of social pathology; and disability
and other handicaps and the social process of rehabilitation. The
primary focus is on Poland.
For the first edition, published in
1980, see 47:4658.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
