53:30733 Danyi,
Dezso; Monigl, Istvan. The historical antecedents of
Hungarian population policy and views on population questions and their
main lessons, Part 1. [Nepesedespolitikank es nepesedesi nezeteink
torteneti elozmenyei es fobb tanulsagai (1).] Demografia, Vol. 29, No.
4, 1986. 343-83 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The development of population policy in Hungary is traced from the
beginning of the eighteenth century to the present day. Particular
attention is paid to the policy initiatives taken in 1953 and 1973 and
their demographic impact. The authors suggest that the policy changes
of 1984 were the first to be based on the findings of demographic
research. They conclude that population policy options are limited in
light of the current demographic situation.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30734 Espenshade,
Thomas J.; Minarik, Joseph J. Demographic implications of
the 1986 U.S. tax reform. Population and Development Review, Vol.
13, No. 1, Mar 1987. 115-27, 190, 192 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This note outlines the relevant legal
provisions of the [U.S. Tax Reform Act of 1986] and identifies some of
the ways these changes could affect individuals' decisions to marry,
have children, migrate, and invest in health and education, as well as
the likely direction of the effects. The authors conclude that many of
the demographic impacts are likely to be small when considered in
isolation, and because they generally do not all work in the same
direction, their cumulative impact is ambiguous. Using the tax code
for pronatalist purposes would be likely to be prohibitively expensive.
Rough estimates suggest that it would cost the U.S. Treasury at least
19 billion [dollars] per year just to raise the birth rate by 0.5
percent. To lift U.S. fertility levels to the replacement level would
probably cost more than the entire national defense
budget."
Author's address: Program in Demographic Studies, Urban
Institute, 2100 M Street NW, Washington, DC
20037.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30735 Kraus,
Jaroslav. Research on the planning of family size (1985),
Part 2. [Pruzkum planovani rodicovstvi (1985)--II.] Demografie,
Vol. 29, No. 2, 1987. 107-13 pp. Prague, Czechoslovakia. In Cze. with
sum. in Eng; Rus.
This is the second of two articles containing
results of the 1985 demographic survey of Czechoslovakia. In the
present article, the author examines attitudes of young couples toward
population policy and toward possible future policy measures, women's
return to work after having a child, and contraception. The results
indicate the importance couples place on socioeconomic factors such as
the financial conditions of the family and housing. Changes since a
similar survey undertaken in 1981 are noted.
For Part 1, also
published in 1987, see 53:20449.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30736 Pavlik,
Zdenek; Kuchar, Ivan. Program goal access and optimization
in demography. [Cilove programovy pristup a optimalizace v
demografii.] Demografie, Vol. 29, No. 2, 1987. 97-106 pp. Prague,
Czechoslovakia. In Cze. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The authors discuss
factors that need to be considered in the development of population
policy. Aspects considered include goals relative to infant mortality,
life expectancy, differential mortality by sex, completed fertility,
and changes in age distribution. The authors note that it is difficult
to establish goals concerning spatial distribution, migration,
population reproduction, and population quality.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30737 Podolefsky,
Aaron. Population density, land tenure, and law in the New
Guinea Highlands: reflections on legal evolution. American
Anthropologist, Vol. 89, No. 3, Sep 1987. 581-95 pp. Washington, D.C.
In Eng.
"This paper Employs The New Guinea Highlands as a 'natural
laboratory' to address questions of theoretical interest concerning
legal complexity and the emergence of formal legal structures as a
reflection of demographic and structural conditions....Both 19th-and
20th-century theories relate population growth to law....A recent
formulation suggests that the important effect of population increase
is an increase in the density of interaction. As the population
increases arithmetically, the interaction density increases
geometrically. The result is an increase in the need for
administrative coordination and law....[The author compares] two
categories of societies with regard to dispute handling processes:
those characterized by high population density and individual, private
ownership of land and those characterized by low population density
(reinforced by a pattern of dispersed settlement) and collective
ownership of land. Theory would predict that the former societies
would exhibit more complex legal structures." However, this variation
is not found and the hypotheses are not supported.
Author's address:
Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work, Western
Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101.
Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
53:30738 Pulea,
Mere. The family, law and population in the Pacific
Islands. 1986. viii, 198 pp. University of the South Pacific,
Institute of Pacific Studies: Suva, Fiji. In Eng.
The author
analyzes the relationship between legislation and population and family
formation trends in nine Pacific Island countries. Specifically, "this
book examines how government deals with explosive population growth
rates and how law, on age of consent, marriage age, contraception and
abortion, can frustrate or encourage policy objectives." Data are from
a variety of official sources. Part 1 provides information on the
history and sources of law in each country. Part 2 presents separate
examinations of each country's population history and problems as well
as attitudes toward and methods of family planning. Part 3 considers
the law as it affects family planning, abortion and sterilization,
legal restraints on sexual activity, marriage, divorce, adoption and
illegitimacy, and economic factors affecting population. The countries
concerned are Samoa, Tonga, Tokelau, Niue, the Cook Islands, the
Solomon Islands, Kiribati, Nauru, and Fiji.
Publisher's address:
P.O. Box 1168, Suva, Fiji.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30739 United
Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs (New
York, New York). Global population policy database,
1987. Population Policy Paper, No. 9; ST/ESA/SER.R/71, 1987. vi,
201 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This document describes a
database titled Global Review and Inventory of Population Policy, 1987,
abbreviated GRIPP:1987, which is available on diskette. The purpose of
the GRIPP:1987 database is to provide current data on the population
policies of 170 countries, drawn from the Population Policy Data Bank
of the [U.N.] Population Division. The policy topics covered are
population growth, mortality, fertility, internal migration,
immigration, emigration, and the integration of population variables
into the development planning process. [In addition to] data on
population policy, the diskette contains information on selected
demographic indicators, including current and projected population
size, current levels of fertility and mortality, current population
growth rates, and proportions foreign born. Annex I contains a summary
description of the variables included on the diskette, while annex II
gives a more detailed description of each variable and the meaning of
the codes. Annex III provides diskette order forms which may be used
for requesting copies of the database."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30740 Uyanga,
Joseph. The space-time and systematic concepts in regional
planning: the population aspect. Indonesian Journal of Geography,
Vol. 14, No. 47, Jun 1984. 9-18 pp. Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In Eng.
"The paper contends that it is possible to synthesise the various
studies unilineally relating population processes to regional
development into a comprehensive overview within which the process of
differential regional development and planning and that of differential
population levels can be universally assessed in a system framework.
The paper presents a simple planning control system model of regional
development based on its process and structure in space and the
dynamics of population reactions over time."
Author's address:
University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State,
Nigeria.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30741 Valentei,
D. I. Us and our plans. [My i nashi plany.]
Narodonaselenie, 1986. 285 pp. Mysl': Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
This is
a collection of papers by different authors concerning demographic
development and planning in the USSR. Chapters are included on
regional issues of socio-demographic development, the control of
population in large cities, demographic aspects of planning social
services, trends in the spatial mobility of the population, human
resources planning, population and labor force dynamics, family
planning and demographic policy, labor force formation and utilization,
and the improvement of planning middle-level technical
education.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30742 Barnett,
Larry D. The Constitution and governmental response to
declining population in the United States: a macro-sociological
perspective. Whittier Law Review, Vol. 8, 1987. 993-1,010 pp.
Whittier, California. In Eng.
Constitutional questions related to
pronatalist population policies, which could be enacted in response to
a U.S. population decline, are discussed. Three possible federal
policies are examined: one to increase fertility by requiring
employers to provide paid maternity (but not paternity) leave; one to
promote births within marriage and deter illegitimacy; and one to
encourage migration to areas having insufficient inhabitants for the
cost-efficient operation of public services. The discussion emphasizes
the thesis that legal thought stems from social structure and
values.
Author's address: School of Law, Widener University, P.O.
Box 7474, Wilmington, DE 19803-0474.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30743 Demeny,
Paul. Re-linking fertility behavior and economic security
in old age: a pronatalist reform. Population and Development
Review, Vol. 13, No. 1, Mar 1987. 128-32 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
"This note discusses the case for and outlines the broad
contours of an institutional innovation that developed countries might
wish to consider if they are confronted with the prospect of sustained
below-replacement level fertility." The objective of the proposed
reform is "to reestablish the direct relationship that existed between
individual fertility behavior and individual prospects for old-age
economic security before modern economic advances and concomitant
cultural changes decisively weakened that linkage. To achieve that
objective the reform would earmark a socially agreed-upon fraction of
the compulsory contribution from earnings that flows into the common
pool from which pay-as-you-go national social security schemes are now
financed and transfer that fraction to individual contributor's live
parents as an additional entitlement."
Author's address: Center for
Policy Studies, Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New
York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:30744 Evans,
David B. Economic aspects of Singapore's selective family
planning policy. Asian and Pacific Population Forum, Vol. 1, No.
4, Aug 1987. 1-8, 21-3 pp. Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng.
The author
considers the economic aspects of Singapore's family planning policy,
which was designed to encourage family planning practice among poorly
educated women and to discourage the practice among university
graduates. He "attempts to show that a selective program based on the
expected higher productivity of a particular group may not be
economically viable. Training costs and the delays before the extra
production takes place can, under a variety of reasonable assumptions,
outweigh the gains in production." A cost-benefit analysis for the
years 1977 and 1978 based on data from official sources is
provided.
Author's address: Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW 2308,
Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30745 Frank,
Odile; McNicoll, Geoffrey. An interpretation of fertility
and population policy in Kenya. Population and Development Review,
Vol. 13, No. 2, Jun 1987. 209-43, 373, 375-6 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Two decades of government antinatalist
efforts in Kenya have had negligible effect on the level of fertility,
which is now close to eight births per woman, higher than in the 1950s.
This article seeks to explain why Kenyan fertility is so high and why
efforts to reduce it have failed. It is argued that the fertility
level is a consequence of a family system in which patriarchal control
of households is combined with little economic responsibility by men
for their children. Population policy has not been concerned with such
features of the social structure. Changes in the family system are
nonetheless taking place: their direction and likely fertility effects
are explored."
Author's address: Center for Policy Studies,
Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY
10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30746 Fraser,
Stewart E. China: population education and people.
ISBN 0-858-16625-9. 1987. xvii, 193 pp. La Trobe University, School of
Education: Melbourne, Australia. In Eng.
This book is concerned
with population policy and family planning developments in contemporary
China. It is divided into two main parts. Part 1 consists of an
overview "which presents sections on such themes as the development of
population policy, family planning practices during the past thirty
years, the implementation of the highly controversial 'one child family
policy', census taking in China and demographic projections." Part 2
consists of translations from the Chinese of selected documents,
including selections from the work of Ma Yinchu and a senior middle
school text and curriculum guide on population
education.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30747 Hooz,
Istvan. Certain problems of family allowances. [A
csaladi potlek nehany problemaja.] Statisztikai Szemle, Vol. 65, No. 7,
Jul 1987. 643-55 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
"The author deals with the influence of family allowance on the
behaviour of the population [in Hungary]....In the author's opinion the
system of family allowance, in which parents receive the same amounts
of money for each child, does not promote equally the fertility of all
strata of the society. Its economic incentive is most pronounced in
the lowest income classes and decreases gradually in higher income
families, as the allowance amounts, in their case, to an increasingly
smaller part of the family income....The author proposes a further
improvement of the system of family allowance which would take into
account the income of the family..., ensure value-stability, change
with the child's age and...[begin] from the diagnosis of
pregnancy."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30748 Kogan, V.
L.; Pogorelov, Ya. D.; Korotkikh, R. V. Moral and legal
aspects of regulating demographic processes. [Moral'no-pravovye
aspekty regulirovaniya demograficheskikh protsessov.] Sovetskoe
Zdravookhranenie, No. 9, 1986. 66-9 pp. Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
The
authors suggest that in light of rapid population growth in developing
countries and family planning measures adopted in some of those
countries, the question of abortion and sterilization has become acute.
The legal and moral issues associated with these measures are
discussed, and the issue of euthanasia is
reviewed.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, MD.
53:30749 Leeuw,
Frans L. On the acceptability and feasibility of
pronatalist population policy in the Netherlands: an empirical
approach. European Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne de
Demographie, Vol. 2, No. 3-4, May 1987. 307-34 pp. Amsterdam,
Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"The major goal of this
paper is to contribute to the discussion about population policy in
European countries from an empirical perspective. It begins with a
short description of Dutch population policy since 1945. Next, data on
the social acceptability of pronatalist policy are summarized.
Attention is then given to several conditions that must be met by
pronatalist policies if they are to be politically feasible. Results
from a study assessing the impact of pronatalist policies on actual
fertility are also presented. The conclusion is that although a number
of policy measures appear to be socially acceptable in the Netherlands,
the chances of their being implemented are small given both their
limited political feasibility and their limited demographic
potential."
Author's address: Leiden Institute for Social Policy
Research, University of Leiden, Stationsplein 242, 2312 AR Leiden,
Netherlands.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30750 Molnar,
Edit S.; Pataki, Judit. Changes in public opinion between
1983 and 1985: the reception of population policy measures.
[Valtozasok a kozvelemenyben 1983-1985 kozott: a nepesedespolitikai
intezkedesek fogadtatasa.] Demografia, Vol. 29, No. 2-3, 1986. 169-92
pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The results
of a 1985 public opinion survey conducted in Hungary concerning
population policy are presented and compared to results of a similar
survey carried out in 1983. Particular attention is paid to the impact
of population policy measures adopted in 1984. The results indicate
that people generally are aware of declining fertility, but uncertain
of how the policy measures adopted will rectify the situation.
Improved housing conditions are seen as the major factor that might
induce people to have more children.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30751 Sharma, B.
B. L.; Singhal, D. S. Fertility related policy in
India. Health and Population: Perspectives and Issues, Vol. 6,
No. 4, Oct-Dec 1983. 193-208 pp. New Delhi, India. In Eng. with sum. in
Hin.
Fertility changes occurring among the states of India from the
1960s to 1980 are reviewed. The focus is on the evaluation of the
impact of policies designed to affect fertility, both directly, such as
family planning programs, and indirectly, such as laws governing age at
marriage. The authors conclude that family planning programs need to
be developed differently to meet regional needs and that the
enforcement of existing laws on age at marriage would affect fertility
significantly.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:30752 Sun,
Te-Hsiung. An overall review of fertility control policies
in Taiwan, R. O. C. Taiwan Provincial Institute of Family Planning
Research Report, No. 21, Mar 1987. ii, 52 pp. Taiwan Provincial
Institute of Family Planning: Taipei, Taiwan. In Eng. with sum. in Chi.
The author reviews the characteristics and effectiveness of family
planning programs and policies in Taiwan. "The family planning program
implemented 2 five-year plans, 2 three-year plans, and one four-year
plan since 1965, and is currently implementing the 2nd four-year plan.
With its strong organizational set-up, scientific planning,
implementation, evaluation and continuous improvement, the program was
able to achieve the targets set in the plan. The natural increase rate
decreased from 30 per thousand in 1963 to 13 per thousand in 1985, and
total fertility rate from 5,350 to 1,885, below replacement level." An
introduction is followed by chapters devoted to fertility control
policies and strategies, family planning management development, the
family planning evaluation program, and future policy directions and
strategies.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30753 Anstett,
Suzel. 1946-1986: 40 years of immigration policy as seen
through the articles in the Revue Francaise des Affaires Sociales.
[1946-1986: quarante ans de politique d'immigration vus au travers des
articles parus dans la Revue francaise des Affaires sociales.] Revue
Francaise des Affaires Sociales, Vol. 40, No. 4, Oct-Dec 1986. 115-32
pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The author traces developments in French
immigration policy since 1946 as revealed in articles published in the
Revue Francaise des Affaires Sociales. The main themes identifed are
the need for manpower, 1946-1967, and the problems of migrant
assimilation, 1968-1978.
Author's address: Direction de la
Population et des Migrations, Ministere des Affaires Sociales et de
l'Emploi, Paris, France.
Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
53:30754 Bedford, R.
D.; Farmer, R. S. J.; Trlin, A. D. The immigration policy
review, 1986: a review. New Zealand Population Review, Vol. 13,
No. 1, May 1987. 49-70 pp. Wellington, New Zealand. In Eng.
"The
Review of Immigration Policy, August 1986 is the first substantive
statement on a wide range of aspects of immigration policy by a New
Zealand Government since 1974 when major changes were made to the
conditions governing permanent entry to the country. Several important
departures from previous immigration policy are outlined in the Review,
and in our review we highlight some of these in a critical assessment
of five areas of immigration policy: permanent entry on occupational
grounds, family reunification, refugee entry, short-term migration for
visits and work, and procedures relating to the settlement of migrants
in New Zealand. Some comments on our assessment of these aspects of
immigration policy were received from the Immigration Division of the
Department of Labour, and these are appended to the
review."
Author's address: Department of Geography, University of
Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30755 de Wenden,
C. Wihtol. France's policy on migration from May 1981 till
March 1986: its symbolic dimension, its restrictive aspects and its
unintended effects. International Migration/Migrations
Internationales/Migraciones Internacionales, Vol. 25, No. 2, Jun 1987.
211-9 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng.
Changes in France's
migration policy between 1981 and 1986 are described. The period is
divided into two phases: from summer 1981, starting with the election
of Francois Mitterand, to summer 1983; and from summer 1983 to the
beginning of 1986. Topics considered for the first period include a
policy for improving the situation of immigrants who are already
settled, the limitations of an institutional policy, the implemented
reforms, and the effects of institutional mechanisms. Aspects of the
second period include clandestine immigration and frontier control,
asylum and the reunification of families, and problems related to
policy, jurisprudence, and implementation.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30756 Dinand,
Jean-Michel. French policy in the matter of clandestine
immigration: 1981-1986. [La politique francaise en matiere
d'immigration clandestine: 1981-1986.] Revue Francaise des Affaires
Sociales, Vol. 40, No. 1, Jan-Mar 1986. 1-17 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The author describes developments in French policy concerning
illegal immigration between 1981 and 1986. Consideration is given to
the means by which illegal immigrants can regularize their situation,
how controls are enforced, sanctions against employers of illegal
immigrants, and international cooperation on immigration
matters.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:30757 Drewe, P.;
Hulsbergen, E. D. Ethnic groups as the subject of
categorical, territorial, and integral policy-making and research.
Recent trends in the Netherlands. [Etnische groepen als onderwerp
van categoraal, territoriaal en integraal beleid en onderzoek. Recente
ontwikkelingen in Nederland.] Bevolking en Gezin, No. 1, Aug 1987. 1-30
pp. Brussels, Belgium. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
The authors
discuss trends related to immigration to the Netherlands, particularly
to Rotterdam. "Starting with the immigration of workers from the
Mediterranean from about 1960 onward the focus of policy-making and
research has been on ethnic groups. It has continued throughout the
seventies....The spatial pattern of ethnic residential segregation has
played an important part in the policy of 'clustered concentration'.
With the publication of the first large-scale study on segregation,
i.e. the one in Rotterdam around 1980, however, the emphasis has
shifted to the meaning and significance of residential differentiation
and the adoption of a choice/constraint framework....Since 1983, we
witness a new focus on deprived areas, the grounds for which have been
prepared by the study of segregation in Rotterdam, among others. Most
recently, a third focus seems to emerge. Light is thrown on the impact
of the distributional effects of broad-based policies on the position
of ethnic groups as well as deprived areas--against the background of
the present economic crisis."
Author's address: Berlageweg 1, 2628
CR Delft, Netherlands.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30758 Isaacs,
Stephen L.; Holt, Renee J. Redefining procreation: facing
the issues. Population Bulletin, Vol. 42, No. 3, Sep 1987. 39 pp.
Population Reference Bureau: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The ethical,
legal, and social issues raised by modern reproductive technologies are
reviewed. These include artificial insemination, in vitro
fertilization, and surrogate motherhood. "Descriptions of the
reproductive technologies, attitudes and arguments pro and con, and
legal and legislative action in the U.S. and various other countries
lead to a discussion of what should be included in general guidelines
for the protection of all parties involved, and their rights and
obligations."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
