53:30657 Rosenzweig,
Mark R. Human capital, population growth and economic
development: beyond correlations. Economic Development Center
Bulletin, No. 87-8, Jul 1987. 36 pp. University of Minnesota,
Department of Economics, Economic Development Center: Minneapolis,
Minnesota. In Eng.
"Empirical evidence on three assertions
commonly-made by population policy advocates about the relationships
among population growth, human capital formation and economic
development is discussed and evaluated in the light of
economic-biological models of household behavior and of its relevance
to population policy. The three assertions are that (a) population
growth and human capital investments jointly reflect and respond to
changes in the economic environment, (b) larger families directly
impede human capital formation, and (c) the inability of couples to
control fertility is an important determinant of investment in human
capital. The evidence suggests that widely-observed correlations among
population growth, human capital and economic variables, which admit to
alternative interpretations, are far stronger than are the estimates
from studies whose objective is to quantify the causal mechanisms
underlying the three assertions; however, there is empirical support
for each."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30658
Salehi-Isfahani, Djavad. On the generalization of
the Boserup model: some clarifications. Economic Development and
Cultural Change, Vol. 35, No. 4, Jul 1987. 875-84 pp. Chicago,
Illinois. In Eng.
The author responds to a critique by W. C.
Robinson and W. A. Schutjer of his 1977 paper concerning the model of
agricultural intensification developed by Ester Boserup. The emphasis
is on the role of population growth in this process. A brief reply by
Robinson and Schutjer is included (p. 884).
Author's address:
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
24061.
For the original work by Salehi-Isfahani, published in 1977,
see 44:1016 and 44:1921.
Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
53:30659 Schmale,
Helmut. Demographic variables in neoclassical growth
models. [Demographische Variablen in neoklassischen
Wachstumsmodellen.] Contributions to Quantitative Economics/Beitrage
zur Quantitativen Okonomie, Vol. 10, ISBN 3-88339-563-3. 1987. 285 pp.
N. Brockmeyer: Bochum, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger.
A
comparative dynamic analysis of the relationships between demographic
and economic development is provided using neoclassical growth and
stable population models. The influence of fertility on population
growth rates, age structure, and the economic system is examined.
Specifically, the author investigates the influence of population
growth on the quality and quantity of the supply of labor, discusses
the relationship between trends in productivity and population growth,
and tries to determine the impact of demographic variables on consumer
and capital goods production. The influence of population growth on the
distribution of labor and capital is also discussed. The focus is on
economics at the national level.
Location: New York Public
Library.
53:30660 United
Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
[ESCAP] (Bangkok, Thailand). Implications of changing age
structure for current and future development planning. Population
Research Leads, No. 25, 1987. 10 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
Development planning for countries in the Asian and Pacific region
is examined in view of changes in the age structure. Following a
discussion of trends in mortality and fertility, consideration is given
to the impact of these developments on the social and economic sectors
and to implications for development planning. Population growth rates
for 1985 and projections to the year 2000 are shown. Demographic
trends in countries undergoing a transition from high to low fertility
and mortality and in countries in a low-growth stage are compared.
Planning for ongoing reallocation of resources and changes in
consumption patterns is discussed.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30661 United
States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on
International Trade, Finance, and Security Economics (Washington,
D.C.). Population growth and development in the world
economy. Hearing, March 20, 1984 (98th Congress, 2nd session).
1984. iii, 218 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This report concerns a
hearing before the Subcommittee on International Trade, Finance, and
Security Economics of the Joint Economic Committee pertaining to the
relationship between population growth and socioeconomic development in
the world. Particular attention is given to the impact of global
population trends on the United States, including political factors,
security, and immigration. It includes statements by Representative
James H. Scheuer, Representative Sander M. Levin, Sharon L. Camp, Paul
Demeney, Steven W. Sinding, Allan Rosenfield, Jason L. Finkle, Marshall
Green, Michael S. Teitelbaum, and Michael J. Piore. A record of the
discussion accompanying these statements is
included.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30662 Cassen,
Robert H. India: population, economy, society. Pub.
Order No. DA8704395. 1986. 438 pp. University Microfilms International:
Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This study examines the
interdependence of population growth and economic and social
development in post-Independence India. The first section introduces
India's population history, with comparative examples of the
demographic transition in England, France and Japan. The second
examines contemporary trends in India's fertility, mortality and
internal migration....The third section provides an assessment of
India's family planning programme as a distinct factor in fertility."
The fourth section examines the interaction of population and economy
as well as trends in education, health, employment, and income. "The
final section reviews the prospects for Indian society under moderate
population growth and slow improvement in living standards."
This
work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at Harvard
University.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International,
A: Humanities and Social Sciences 47(12).
53:30663 Gauvreau,
Danielle; Gregory, Joel; Kempeneers, Marianne; Piche, Victor.
Demography and underdevelopment in the third world.
[Demographie et sous-developpement dans le Tiers-Monde.] Centre for
Developing-Area Studies Monograph, No. 21, ISBN 0-88819-068-9. 1986.
316 pp. McGill University, Centre for Developing-Area Studies:
Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
This is a collection of
studies by various authors on aspects of the relationship between
population factors and underdevelopment in the third world. These
papers are the product of work undertaken at the Department of
Demography at the University of Montreal, Canada. Following a general
introduction, five studies are presented on Africa: these include case
studies of Niger, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), and Morocco. The
next section contains three studies concerning the Americas: these
include Guadeloupe, Costa Rica, and the Dominican Republic. The next
section consists of a study on China. A final paper attempts to
develop a materialist theory of reproduction. The studies deal with
several aspects of population reproduction, including fertility in the
context of social class, migration as a contributor to population
growth, and attempts by the state to control fertility. The general
focus is on the interrelationship between the social processes of
production and reproduction.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30664 Khalatbari,
Parviz. The interrelationships among population growth,
underdevelopment, and the preservation of peace. [Zusammenhange
zwischen Bevolkerungswachstum, Unterentwicklung und Erhaltung des
Friedens.] Wirtschaftswissenschaft, Vol. 34, No. 7, Jul 1986. 1,000-13,
1,015 pp. Berlin, German Democratic Republic. In Ger. with sum. in Eng.
The interrelationships among population growth, underdevelopment,
and the preservation of peace are considered. The author first argues
that the dilemma of developing countries is not simply population
growth but population growth in the absence of the regulating and
stabilizing forces need to employ and nourish its numbers. Among the
topics discussed are the global history and current trends of
population growth, natural resources, demographic transitions, social
change and its consequences in third world countries, malnutrition, and
the growth of slums in the nuclear age. He also discusses the
increased involvement of developing countries in the arms
race.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30665 Kikhela,
Nzita. The socio-demographic situation in Zaire on the eve
of the first quinquennial plan: observations and suggestions for a
trade-union movement. [La situation socio-demographique au Zaire a
la veille du premier plan quinquennal: constats et suggestions pour
une action syndicale.] Travaux et Recherches Demographiques Document,
No. 1, Jan 1987. 16 pp. Universite de Kinshasa, Faculte des Sciences
Economiques, Departement de Demographie: Kinshasa, Zaire. In Fre.
The author discusses general aspects of the relationship between
economic and demographic conditions in Zaire. Major demographic and
economic terms are defined, and an overview of recent economic and
demographic trends in Zaire is presented. Information from official
and other published sources is provided concerning age distribution,
social class, fertility, mortality, and internal and international
migration. Issues of special concern to trade unionists, including
rapid population growth, elevated mortality rates, and immigration, are
listed.
Publisher's address: B.P. 176, Kinshasa XI,
Zaire.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30666 Liu, Paul
K. C.; Hwang, Kuo-Shu. Relationships between changes in
population, employment and economic structure in Taiwan. Studies
of Modern Economy Series, No. 8, Jun 1987. xi, 173 pp. Academia Sinica,
Institute of Economics: Taipei, Taiwan. In Chi. with sum. in Eng.
"The purpose of this study is to make use of the population,
employment and economic statistics in Taiwan, starting from the turn of
this century, to enquire into the economic structure changes in
relation to employment and demographic transition in Taiwan. Based on
these findings [the authors attempt] to project their patterns and
trends into the near future....Following the introduction in the first
chapter, the second chapter reviews the major theories of population,
employment and economic structure developed in China and the West [with
the aim] of establishing a theoretic framework for analyzing the
empirical experience of Taiwan. The third chapter analyzes the
relationships between population growth and economic structural
changes. The fourth chapter enquires into the demographic transition
in relation to employment. The last chapter is a summary of the main
findings and their policy implications....Among the major findings are
a strong favorable effect of [the] Chinese family system on the
development of small and medium size family enterprises and a favorable
effect of Chinese education systems on upward mobility of labor.
Quantitative analysis suggests that changes in aggregate demand in
[the] international market have exerted profound influences on the
levels and patterns of economic activities, employment structures and
population dynamics in Taiwan."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30667 Njoku, John
E. E. Malthusianism: an African dilemma. Hunger,
drought, and starvation in Africa. ISBN 0-8108-1906-6. LC
86-10182. 1986. xxix, 181 pp. Scarecrow Press: Metuchen, New
Jersey/London, England. In Eng.
The relationships between Africa's
current problems, particularly regarding the supply of adequate food
and its rate of population growth, are examined. Consideration is
given to Malthusian theory and its relevance to the African situation
and to ways of increasing food production.
Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
53:30668 Pante,
Filologo. Population and development planning integration:
the case of the Philippines. Philippine Population Journal, Vol.
1, No. 2, Jun 1985. 94-105 pp. Manila, Philippines. In Eng.
The
experience of the Philippines in implementing the integrated Population
and Development Planning and Research project since 1981 is the focus
of this paper. The author "discusses the issues which had to be
resolved in the planning of the project, including questions about the
operational meaning of population-development planning integration and
the appropriate strategy as well as organization for integration; cites
the gains made towards integration and indicates a number of gaps and
issues which need further resolution; and argues that, despite the
inability to quantify population-development interactions at this time,
opportunities exist for population-development planning integration at
various stages and levels of planning."
Location: Johns
Hopkins University, Population Information Program, Baltimore, MD.
53:30669 Plath, Joel
C.; Holland, David W.; Carvalho, Joe W. Labor migration in
Southern Africa and agricultural development: some lessons from
Lesotho. Journal of Developing Areas, Vol. 21, No. 2, Jan 1987.
159-75 pp. Macomb, Illinois. In Eng.
The authors examine policy
issues with regard to attempts by Lesotho to develop agriculture as a
viable alternative to out-migration for employment and income. They
argue that "an appropriate agricultural development strategy for
Lesotho would emphasize relatively labor- and land-intensive
agricultural enterprises, such as horticultural operations and closely
managed livestock activities. The suggestion is that only agriculture
of this kind will generate sufficient returns on a limited land base to
dissuade men from going to the mines. Our paper develops a more
complete theoretical and empirical foundation for examining this as
well as other agricultural strategies."
Author's address:
Cooperative Extension Service, Virginia State University, Petersburg,
VA 23803.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:30670 Sirisena,
N. L.; Stoeckel, John. Fertility impacts of development
programs in Sri Lanka. In: Fertility in Asia: assessing the
impact of development projects, edited by John Stoeckel and Anrudh K.
Jain. 1986. 25-54 pp. St. Martin's Press: New York, New York. In Eng.
The authors assess the impact of three specific development
programs in Sri Lanka on selected socioeconomic factors and, in turn,
on fertility. The data are from a sample survey conducted in areas
where the government's guaranteed agricultural price system, land
settlement system, and rural electrification programs are in effect, as
well as in areas where no development programs exist. Fertility data
are for the years 1977-1981. "In the first section we analyze the
impact of development programs upon the socioeconomic status of males
and females separately, using multiple regression; and in the second
section we utilize path analysis to illustrate the relationships and
linkages between development programs, socioeconomic status, family
planning and fertility." It is found that "development programs and
their different combinations will exert an effect on the socioeconomic
structure of a population. The second portion of the hypothesis which
states that the socioeconomic structure will affect fertility through
family planning is supported for all programs, either through the
effect of occupation or income or both
variables."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30671 World Bank
(Washington, D.C.). Population growth and policies in
sub-Saharan Africa. World Bank Policy Study, ISBN 0-8213-0773-8.
LC 86-11017. 1986. x, 102 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The present
report focuses on the economic consequences of rapid population growth
in Africa and on policies and programs to reduce population growth" and
is written in response to recent actions by sub-Saharan governments to
officially support family planning. Written for a broad audience, this
report is designed to help sub-Saharan countries identify and address
their population problems. Demographic analyses prepared by the World
Bank are based primarily on data from the World Development Report
1985. Chapters are included on recent trends and projections to 2045,
the effects of high fertility on maternal and child health and of rapid
growth on the economy, slowing population growth through measures that
encourage a desire for smaller families, family planning services and
program implementation, and the role of the government in reducing
population growth. A statistical appendix and a population data
supplement are included.
Location: Columbia University,
CPFH Library, New York, NY.
53:30672 Asian
Population and Development Association (Tokyo, Japan).
Demographic transition in Japan and rural development.
Population and Development Series, No. 1, Feb 1985. 144 pp. Tokyo,
Japan. In Eng.
This is a collection of papers by various authors on
the demographic transition in Japan, with particular emphasis on the
issue of rural development. Topics covered include rural-urban
fertility and mortality differentials and changes over time, migration
and rural development, population change in rural areas, and the
rural-urban demographic balance. The overall objective is to examine
the relevance of the Japanese experience for contemporary developing
countries.
Publisher's address: Nagatacho TBR Building, Room 710,
10-2, Nagatacho 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100,
Japan.
Location: Population Council Library, New York, NY.
53:30673 Baran,
Alina. Relations among demographic and socioeconomic
processes in 22 European countries for the period 1950-1980.
[Zwiazki miedzy procesami demograficznymi i spoleczno-ekonomicznymi w
22 krajach europejskich w latach 1950-1980.] Studia Demograficzne, No.
1/87, 1987. 87-102 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The author summarizes the results of studies concerning the
relations among 9 demographic and 21 socioeconomic variables in 22
selected European countries between 1950 and 1980. The hypothesis
examined is that countries with similar levels of socioeconomic
development exhibit similarity in certain demographic indicators. Two
groups of countries are identified on the basis of the relationships
between the two types of variables. It is noted that the United
Kingdom fits into neither category.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30674 Easterlin,
Richard A. The new age structure of poverty in America:
permanent or transient? Population and Development Review, Vol.
13, No. 2, Jun 1987. 195-208, 373, 375 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Since the late 1960s a slackening in the
growth of aggregate demand and an increase in the supply of younger
relative to older adults have caused a severe deterioration in the wage
and unempolyment rates of young adults [in the United States]. This
deterioration has raised poverty rates of children and young adults
directly, through its impact on income within families of given types,
especially married-couple families, and indirectly, through its impact
on the demographic composition of young adults, especially through the
rise in female-headed families due to increased divorce and nonmarital
fertility rates. The prospect over the next 15 years is for a
favorable shift in relative labor supply and, less confidently, in the
growth of aggregate demand that would, by the 1990s, reverse the recent
trend toward higher poverty rates at younger adult ages and among
children."
Author's address: Department of Economics, University of
Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, CA
90089.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30675 Florea,
Stefan. Population, labor force, and socioeconomic
development. [Populatia, forta de munca si dezvoltarea
social-economica.] Revista de Statistica, Vol. 36, No. 2, Feb 1987.
25-35 pp. Bucharest, Romania. In Rum.
The relationships among
population trends, the labor force, and socioeconomic development in
Romania are explored. The focus is on the period 1950-1985. The
author describes the growing urbanization of the population, the
declining proportion of the work force engaged in agriculture, and
changes in the occupational structure.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30676 Gauthier,
Herve; Malo, Renee; Dallaire, Louise; Desrosiers, Denise.
Demography and technological transformations. [La demographie
et les transformations technologiques.] In: Sciences sociales et
transformations technologiques. Les actes d'un colloque tenu a
Montreal, le 25 avril 1986. Pub. Order No. 87.02. ISBN 2-550-17501-8.
Jun 1987. 31-81 pp. Conseil de la Science et de la Technologie:
Sainte-Foy, Canada. In Fre.
The relationships between demographic
factors and technological change are explored, with a focus on the
situation in the province of Quebec in particular, and Canada in
general. The first part examines the effects of technological change
on fertility, mortality, and migration. In the second part, the
authors discuss the influence of demographic changes on technological
change. Factors considered include population growth, demographic
aging, and the spread of new ideas.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30677 Kroupova,
Alena. Decisive factors in population reproduction.
[Rozhodujici faktory reprodukce obyvatelstva.] Populacni Zpravy, No.
1-2, 1986. 5-14 pp. Prague, Czechoslovakia. In Cze.
The author
discusses the relationship between economic development, in particular
improvement in living standards, and replacement-level population
growth. The geographic focus is on
Czechoslovakia.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:30678 Owens,
Emiel W. Demographic trends and saving propensities: "a
revisit with life cycle theory". Atlantic Economic Journal, Vol.
14, No. 4, Dec 1986. 106 pp. Edwardsville, Illinois. In Eng.
This
one-page paper uses the life cycle theory of savings to explain why the
personal savings rate in the United States has failed to respond to
supply side tax cut therapy. The author concludes that the increase in
the ratio of younger households during the period 1980-1985 was the
main reason why the rate of savings fell, since these households are at
the point in the life cycle when they tend to borrow and spend the
money their elders have been saving.
Author's address: University
of Houston, 4600 Gulf Freeway, Houston, TX
77023.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
53:30679 Paillat,
Paul. The aging of the population: challenge and
contradiction. [Le vieillissement de la population: defi et
contradiction.] Espace, Populations, Societes, No. 2, 1987. 304, 311-5
pp. Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The author
provides an overview of the process of demographic aging and discusses
economic, social, psychosocial, and demographic implications at the
national and local levels. Reference is made to the situation in
France.
Author's address: Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques, 27 Rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30680 Steshenko,
V. S.; Boginya, D. P.; Dolishnii, M. I.; Nazimov, I. N.
Reproduction of population and the labor force under conditions of
developed Socialism. [Vosproizvodstvo naseleniya i trudovykh
resursov v usloviyakh razvitogo sotsializma.] 1985. 319; 279 pp.
Naukova Dumka: Kiev, USSR. In Rus.
This collective work in four
volumes, the first two of which are cited here, is concerned with
theoretical aspects of population reproduction in centrally planned, or
Socialist, countries. The demographic and economic characteristics of
developed Socialist countries are first analyzed. The authors then
consider the reproduction of the labor force and how this can be
simplified through the development of appropriate policies. Future
labor force trends are also discussed.
Location: U.S.
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
53:30681 Taylor,
Bryan J. R.; Taylor, Elizabeth A. Planning responses to
demographic change. Research in Higher Education, Vol. 26, No. 2,
1987. 148-60 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The United Kingdom
faces a decline in the 18-year-old cohort from 900,000+ in the
mid-1980s to 600,000+ in the mid-1990s. Will a third of the
universities close? More important, will industry and commerce cope
with the potential reduction in skilled manpower production? A method
is described for forecasting graduate numbers and their quality by
discipline, and suggestions are made about ways in which society could
react so as to influence unacceptable trends."
Author's address:
Planning Officer, University of Bath, Bath, Avon BA2 7AY,
England.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:30682 Wattenberg,
Ben J. The birth dearth. ISBN 0-88687-304-5. LC
83-63759. 1987. viii, 182 pp. Pharos Books: New York, New York. In Eng.
The author examines the consequences of the trend toward
below-replacement fertility in industrialized Western countries. The
primary focus is on the United States. He suggests that this trend
will have adverse consequences in many sectors, including the economy,
personal happiness, ethnic balance, and the geopolitical sector. He
concludes that developed industrialized Western countries, including
the United States, have approximately one generation in which to
understand the problem and take steps to raise fertility to replacement
levels. Specific measures to encourage childbearing are proposed,
including provision of day care and other services for working mothers
and awarding cash bonuses to parents unitl their children reach age
16.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30683 Cruz, Ma.
Concepcion J. Integrated summary report: population
pressure and migration: implications for upland development. CPDS
Working Paper, No. 86-07, Aug 1986. 52, [8] pp. University of the
Philippines at Los Banos College, Center for Policy and Development
Studies [CPDS]: Laguna, Philippines. In Eng.
The relationship
between the exploitation of natural resources, specifically in forests
and woodlands, and migration in the Philippines is explored. The data
sources are first described. "Part II discusses the methodology for
delineation of upland areas in relation to the existing allocation of
forest land uses. A profile of upland population and migration is
provided in Part III based on the 1980 Census of Population and
Housing. In Part IV, a model using macro-migration functions is
presented using national census data. Part V summarizes the case study
results. Lastly, policy implications and a research agenda are
presented in Part VI."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30684 Heilig,
Gerhard; Krebs, Thomas. Population growth and food supply
in Africa South of the Sahara: models of future development.
[Bevolkerungswachstum und Nahrungsversorgung in Schwarzafrika:
Modellrechnungen zur kunftigen Entwicklung.] Zeitschrift fur
Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1987. 81-119 pp. Wiesbaden,
Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"Our
paper first examines the demographic dimension of the present African
food crisis. We will argue that the food problems are primarily the
result of an interaction between population growth and a strong neglect
of agriculture during the last 20 years. The widening gap between
domestic food supply and demand has increased the vulnerability to
drought, which finally triggered widespread famines. A model was
developed to determine the future consequences of population growth for
the agricultural system. It demonstrates that in the year 2025
domestic cereal production would have to be more than tripled only to
meet the (low) present standards of consumption. We have also
calculated the cereal demand of a 'stationary population' according to
the long-term population projections of the World Bank. In the main
section of our paper we argue that future population growth in
Sub-Saharan Africa severely restricts the options for a development
strategy. According to our calculations it would be impossible to meet
growing food demand during the next 40 years through domestic
production without a 'Green Revolution'."
Author's address:
Universitat Bamberg, Lehrstuhl fur Bevolkerungswissenschaft,
Hornthalstrasse 2, 8600 Bamberg, Federal Republic of
Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30685 Nort,
Egon. Why are there food deficiencies? Causes and
practical solutions. [Por que faltamos alimentos? Causas e
solucoes viaveis.] 1987. 173 pp. Editora da Universidade Federal de
Santa Catarina: Florianopolis, Brazil. In Por.
The author examines
the impact of rapid population growth on food production in Brazil,
with a focus on the feasibility of rapid birth rate reductions.
Alternative ways of food production involving self-reliance programs
are described. Chapters are included on the population explosion,
disarmament, food production, alternative solutions for food
production, public affairs administration, and the author's
proposals.
Publisher's address: Department of Food Science and
Technology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88000
Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30686 Okafor,
Francis C. Population pressure and land resource depletion
in southeastern Nigeria. Applied Geography, Vol. 7, No. 3, Jul
1987. 243-56 pp. Guildford, England. In Eng.
The extent of
population pressure on agricultural land resources in the Awka-Nnewi
region of southeastern Nigeria is explored. "Three related indices,
namely, farmland size per capita, fallow index and fragmentation index
were calculated from field data to aid in the assessment of severity of
land resource depletion. The merit of each index is discussed together
with the procedure of calculating and applying it." The results
indicate that some sections of the region are badly
depleted.
Author's address: Department of Geography and Regional
Planning, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City,
Nigeria.
Location: New York Public Library.
53:30687 Otto,
Johannes. Population growth and food supply. In:
Referate zum deutsch-franzosischen Arbeitstreffen auf dem Gebiet der
Demographie vom 30. September bis 3. Oktober 1985 in Dijon. Materialien
zur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, No. 49, 1986. 73-86 pp. Bundesinstitut
fur Bevolkerungsforschung: Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of. In
Eng.
The author projects world population growth by calculating the
carrying capacity of given areas and their maximum population density
using three different levels of farming technology. "The computation
and analysis [were] carried out for the developing world excluding East
Asia. [This study] covers a total of 117 countries....Two time-frames
are used in the study, namely the 'present' as represented by the year
1975, and the 'projected' as represented by the year 2000." The author
discusses the degree to which the food supply situation is or will be
critical.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30688 Repetto,
Robert. Population, resources, environment: an uncertain
future. Population Bulletin, Vol. 42, No. 2, Jul 1987. 44 pp.
Population Reference Bureau: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author
presents an overview of the relationships among population growth,
resource use, and environmental quality worldwide and considers
prospects for the future. The history of the debate concerning
population growth and resources is first traced. Anticipated world
population growth to the year 2100 is considered. Consequences of
population expansion in terms of living standards, poverty and income
distribution, and the effects on renewable and nonrenewable resources
and on environmental quality are examined using a variety of published
sources for recent years. Attention is then given to the implications
of future population growth, including energy consumption, nonfuel
minerals, and agricultural resources. Finally, suggestions as to
governments' role in sustaining a beneficial balance between
population, resources, and the environment are
summarized.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30689 Akyeampong,
Ernest B. Involuntary part-time employment in Canada,
1975-1986. Canadian Social Trends, Autumn 1987. 26-9 pp. Ottawa,
Canada. In Eng.
The author examines part-time employment in Canada
among people who are unable to find full-time jobs, with a focus on the
social implications of involuntary part-time employment. Data are for
the period 1975-1986 and illustrate trends in the type of work
available, age and sex factors related to full- and part-time
employees, and geographic variation in levels of involuntary part-time
work.
Author's address: Labour and Household Surveys Analysis
Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OT6,
Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:30690 Barsotti,
Odo; Giannini, L.; Venturi, S. Demographic changes,
spatial mobility, and the availability of employment: a study in the
province of Pisa. [Trasformazioni demografiche, mobilita spaziale
e offerta di lavoro: un' indagine nella provincia di Pisa.] 1986. 229
pp. Franco Angeli: Milan, Italy. In Ita.
Recent demographic trends
in the Italian province of Pisa are analyzed. The first chapter
describes the changes that occurred between 1971 and 1981, including
changes in the age distribution, labor force participation, and spatial
distribution. The next chapter focuses on labor force questions,
including the mobility of labor. A final chapter uses demographic
methodology to forecast the future demand for
labor.
Location: New York Public Library.
53:30691 Bernhardt,
Eva M. Labour force participation and childbearing: the
impact of the first child on the economic activity of Swedish
women. Stockholm Research Reports in Demography, No. 41, ISBN
91-7820-028-8. Sep 1987. ii, 26, 5 pp. University of Stockholm, Section
of Demography: Stockholm, Sweden. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
The
author considers various aspects of female labor force participation
following the birth of a first child in Sweden. Data are from the 1981
Swedish National Fertility Survey of 4,300 Swedish women. Patterns in
labor force participation and home attachment as well as factors
influencing the timing and choice of full- or part-time work are
examined in terms of woman's educational level, social background,
marital status, age at first birth, and other socioeconomic variables.
"Swedish women have become more and more inclined to take up part-time
work when they return to the labour market after first birth. A
decline in home attachment has gone hand in hand with the increasing
popularity of part-time work." The implications for sex-role equality
are also dicussed.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:30692 Bernhardt,
Eva M. The choice of part-time work among Swedish
one-child mothers. Stockholm Research Reports in Demography, No.
40, ISBN 91-7820-027-X. Sep 1987. 38, 5 pp. University of Stockholm,
Section of Demography: Stockholm, Sweden. In Eng.
The author
discusses a current trend among Swedish mothers to choose part-time
work following the birth of a first child. "The analysis is based on
data from the Swedish Fertility Survey undertaken by Statistics Sweden
in 1981 in which 4,300 Swedish women in the ages between 20 and 44 were
interviewed." The significance of education, socioeconomic status,
and career orientation and position in the labor market prior to the
first birth is considered. Sections are included on the transition
from full-time to part-time work, the move from part-time to full-time
work, and employment stability.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30693 Briggs,
Vernon M. The growth and composition of the U.S. labor
force. Science, Vol. 238, No. 4824, Oct 9, 1987. 176-80 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author analyzes changes in the growth
and composition of the U.S. labor force. "In sharp contrast with the
experiences of all other industrialized nations, the size of the labor
force of the United States is growing rapidly while, simultaneously,
its age, gender, and ethnic composition are changing markedly.
Consequently, human resource issues present an unprecedented challenge
in the nation's quest to achieve a fully employed and equitable
society." Explanations for U.S. labor force growth are suggested, with
a focus on female labor force participation, the changing age
distribution of the population, and increased immigration to the United
States. The lower labor force participation rate of black males
relative to white males is also considered.
Author's address: New
York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY 14851.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SQ).
53:30694 Clemenson,
Heather A. Unemployment rates for the full-time and
part-time labour forces. Canadian Social Trends, Autumn 1987. 30-3
pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng.
The author describes the use of
unemployment rates for the full-time and part-time labor forces as
supplements to the official Canadian unemployment rate. Attention is
given to the definition of these rates and to how they are calculated.
These supplementary rates "reveal differences in the labour force
market experiences of men and women of different ages which cannot be
seen in the official unemployment rates. Among full-time labour force
participants, women generally experience the greatest difficulty in
finding employment. In contrast, while women predominate in the
part-time labour force, it is men who have the highest part-time
unemployment rates." Data are for the period 1980-1986.
Author's
address: Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics
Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OT6, Canada.
Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
53:30695 Espenshade,
Thomas J.; Goodis, Tracy A. Demographic trends shaping the
American family and work force. In: America in transition:
benefits for the future, edited by the Employee Benefit Research
Institute. [1987?]. 5-24 pp. Employee Benefit Research Institute:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Recent demographic trends in the United
States are reviewed with particular reference to their impact on the
adequacy of the current system of employee benefits. The paper is in
three sections. "First, we discuss macrodemographic changes in
relation to the work force, concentrating on the most recent
projections of the size and composition of the U.S. population.
Second, microdemographic changes relating to changing family
economics--especially the rise in the number of working mothers--and
the increasing number of elderly dependents are reviewed in relation to
their implications for families and the work force. A third and
concluding section summarizes the policy implications of these key
demographic changes for the future of employee
benefits."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30696 Fridman,
Samuel; Lee, Sharon M.; Falcon, Luis M. Estimating
income-dependent occupational scores for 1940. Social Science
Research, Vol. 16, No. 3, Sep 1987. 260-83 pp. Duluth, Minnesota. In
Eng.
"Recently released public use microdata sample files (PUMS)
from the 1940 United States census represent important additions to
census time-series data. However, the usefulness of this data set for
stratification analysis is limited by missing data on self-employment
earnings and the absence of an interval scale for the 1940
classification of occupations. In this paper, we report the methodology
used to derive these measures and the results. 1940 census-based
occupational SEI [socioeconomic index] scores are estimated, following
O. D. Duncan (1961), and additional method of ranking occupations, mean
occupational earnings (MOE), is also described. These two measures of
occupational rank should add to the sociological literature on scaling
occupations and model testing, and are currently being analyzed in an
ongoing research project on patterns of ethnic and immigrant group
stratification during the 1940-1950 decade."
Author's address:
International Population Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
14853.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:30697 Fullerton,
Howard N. Labor force projections: 1986 to 2000.
Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 110, No. 9, Sep 1987. 19-29 pp. Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
Projections of the U.S. labor force to the year 2000
made by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) are analyzed. "According
to BLS projections, there will be 139 million persons in the 2000 labor
force, representing a slowdown in the rate of growth after 1986;
because of population or participation growth rates, blacks, Hispanics,
and Asians and others are expected to increase their representation in
the labor pool."
Author's address: Office of Economic Growth and
Employment Projections, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of
Labor, Washington, D.C. 20212.
Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
53:30698 Hayghe,
Howard V.; Haugen, Steven E. A profile of husbands in
today's labor market. Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 110, No. 10, Oct
1987. 12-7 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
A profile of married men in
the U.S. labor force is presented, based on 1987 data from the Current
Population Survey. The results indicate that "historically, high
earnings and low unemployment have typified the labor market experience
of married men, yet, their labor force participation rate is much lower
today than in the past."
Location: Princeton University
Library (DOCS).
53:30699 Hohn,
Charlotte. Trends of female employment in the Federal
Republic of Germany: integration or segregation. In: Referate zum
deutsch-franzosischen Arbeitstreffen auf dem Gebiet der Demographie vom
30. September bis 3. Oktober 1985 in Dijon. Materialien zur
Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 47-71, No. 49, 1986. Bundesinstitut fur
Bevolkerungsforschung: Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Eng.
The author considers two issues concerning women in the labor force
in the Federal Republic of Germany, namely women's integration into the
economy and women's wages. She attempts "to show the importance of
some demographic characteristics of women such as family status and
number and age of children, and of socio-cultural characteristics like
education and professional [training] on patterns of participation in
the labour force. To this aim [the author presents] a number of tables
and graphs from the official statistics of the Federal Republic of
Germany." Differing levels of economic activity over time are noted
among women by marital status, number of children, economic sector,
occupational status, educational status, number of hours worked, age,
and cohort. Determinants of wage discrepancies between the sexes are
considered.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30700 Israel.
Central Bureau of Statistics (Jerusalem, Israel). Labour
force survey, 1985. Central Bureau of Statistics Special Series,
No. 801, 1987. 282, xli pp. Jerusalem, Israel. In Eng; Heb.
"This
publication presents data [on Israel] from the Labour Force Surveys
1985. The labour force survey is the Central Bureau of Statistics'
main survey of families. It serves as a current follow-up of the
development in the labour force in Israel, its size and its
characteristics, extent of unemployment, etc....The data in this
publication were prepared on the basis of population estimates for
1985, not yet updated according to the results of the 1983 Census."
Results of the survey are summarized for participation in the civilian
labor force by age and sex and by years of study. Attention is also
given to part-time employment, unemployment, temporary unemployment,
and non-Jews and women in the work force. Tables are in both English
and Hebrew.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:30701 Methot,
Suzanne. Employment patterns of elderly Canadians.
Canadian Social Trends, Autumn 1987. 7-11 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng.
Trends in employment among Canadians aged 65 and older are
reviewed. The author discusses sex differences in employment,
part-time employment, elderly agricultural workers, regional
variations, and mandatory retirement legislation and its abolition in
certain areas. It is found that "if mandatory retirement based on age
were completely eliminated in Canada, there would be very limited
immediate upward pressure on labour force participation."
Author's
address: Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics
Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OT6, Canada.
Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
53:30702 Picot, W.
Garnett; Wannell, Ted; Lynd, Doug. 1976 and 1982
postsecondary graduates: selected highlights of their labour force
experience. Canadian Social Trends, Autumn 1987. 38-42 pp. Ottawa,
Canada. In Eng.
The authors compare the employment experiences of
postsecondary graduates of 1976 and 1982 in Canada, with a focus on
unemployment by field of study and occupational changes for university
graduates. It is found that "while both 1982 university and community
college graduates...experienced higher unemployment rates in 1984 than
did 1976 graduates in 1978, the effect of changing economic conditions
on unemployment rates was considerably less for postsecondary graduates
than for the labour force as a whole."
Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
53:30703
Sanchez-Albornoz, Nicolas. Population and manpower
in Latin America. [Poblacion y mano de obra en America Latina.]
ISBN 84-206-4206-1. 1985. 326 pp. Alianza Editorial: Madrid, Spain. In
Spa.
This is a collection of papers by different authors concerning
the historical relationship between labor force and demography in Latin
America. Papers are included on the exploitation of the labor force
among the indigenous population of the Brazilian coastal areas of Rio
de Janeiro and Sao Paulo; population size and human resources in
Guatemala in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; the demographic
transition in Bolivia in the sixteenth century; manpower and migration
in the central mining region of the Andes in 1683; market demands and
land supply in Bolivia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries;
temporary employment and human resources in Buenos Aires, Argentina,
1850-1880; population and human resources in Uruguay, 1870-1930; slaves
as wage earners in coffee-producing countries, 1880-1914; labor supply
and agrarian expansion in Venezuelan agriculture, 1873-1889; and labor
force migration and policy in Venezuela,
1945-1961.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
53:30704 Saw,
Swee-Hock. Growth and structure of the ASEAN labour
force. Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science, Vol. 14, No. 2,
1986. 106-17 pp. Singapore. In Eng.
Trends in population growth and
labor force dynamics in the countries of Southeastern Asia are
explored. Consideration is given to differences in labor force
developments among countries, labor force participation rates, and the
industrial structure of the labor force.
Author's address:
Department of Economics and Statistics, National University of
Singapore, Singapore.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30705 Sprague,
Alison. Post-war fertility and female labour force
participation rates. Applied Economics Discussion Paper, No. 9,
Jun 1986. 35, [5] pp. Oxford University, Institute of Economics and
Statistics: Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This paper provides an
explanation for the change in fertility and female labour supply over
the post-war period [in England and Wales]. A model of fertility and
labour force participation is outlined and estimated over the period
1953-82 for six age groups of women. The most significant factors to
influence fertility and participation are found to be male and female
earnings and education. Interest rates, number of children and the
state of the labour market are also important."
Author's address:
Hertford College, Oxford University, Oxford,
England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30706 Szentgali,
Tamas. A study of the labor force by means of working life
tables. [A munkaero vizsgalata gazdasagi aktivitasi es
inaktivitasi tablakkal.] Demografia, Vol. 29, No. 4, 1986. 384-416 pp.
Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
Life table
methods are used to analyze labor force trends in Hungary. Particular
attention is given to structural rather than quantitative
changes.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30707 Taylor, J.
Edward; Espenshade, Thomas J. Foreign and undocumented
workers in California agriculture. Impacts of Immigration in
California Policy Discussion Paper, No. PDS-87-2, Jun 1987. 25 pp.
Urban Institute: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper presents
preliminary findings from a study of the role of undocumented workers
in California agriculture." Data are based on a 1983 sample of 1,286
farm workers, categorized by type of crop, type of employment activity,
and region. "Despite the growers' contention, there is no evidence
that the most perishable crops and harvest activities depend more
heavily on undocumented workers than do other crops and farm tasks.
Moreover, there is no evidence that growers' reliance on undocumented
workers is greatest where legal labor is most costly and scarce.
Indirectly, a large-scale replenishment worker program will tend to
benefit all growers by exerting downward pressure on agricultural
wages."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30708 Wander,
Hilde. Employment problems in cities of the third
world. [Beschaftigungsprobleme in den Stadten der Dritten Welt.]
Zeitschrift fur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1987. 53-67
pp. Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger. with sum. in Eng;
Fre.
"Starting from the historical experiences of the industrial
countries and from the theory of W. A. Lewis which is based upon these
experiences and which has influenced development policies in large
parts of the Third World, the author outlines the particular
demographic conditions relevant to the employment situation in the
cities of developing countries. The important role of the informal
sector in serving the poor strata of the population is emphasized, but
its contribution to economic development is called into question. The
potentials for promoting progress which are doubtlessly inherent in the
informal sector need still to be realized by pin-pointed measures
within the framework of a comprehensive development
policy."
Author's address: Herderstrasse 4, 2300 Kiel, Federal
Republic of Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
