H. Migration

H.1. General Migration

53:30469 Carvajal Gutierrez, Carmen. Population and out-migration from the province of Granada in the twentieth century. [Poblacion y emigracion de la provincia de Granada en el siglo XX.] ISBN 84-505-3659-6. [1986]. 206 pp. Diputacion Provincial de Granada: Armilla, Spain. In Spa.
The population dynamics of the Spanish province of Granada in the twentieth century are analyzed, with emphasis on the changing patterns of migration over time. Population trends in the province are first reviewed. Chapters are next presented on literacy and the labor force. The author then analyzes internal migration to other areas in Spain and migration to other countries from Granada. Consideration is also given to regional differences in migration patterns within the province. In the final chapter, the author summarizes the causes and consequences of out-migration.
Location: New York Public Library.

53:30470 de Meza, David. The migration multiplier. Bulletin of Economic Research, Vol. 39, No. 3, Jul 1987. 243-8 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In the presence of sticky wages, the emigration of skilled workers from an area will directly reduce the number of unskilled jobs available. Demand for locally produced and sold goods will consequently fall and this may trigger further rises in unemployment and declines in income."
Author's address: University of London, London School of Economics, London, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

53:30471 McDevitt, Thomas M.; Hawley, Amos H.; Udry, J. Richard; Gadalla, Saad; Leoprapai, Boonlert; Cardona, Ramiro. Migration plans of the rural populations of third world countries: a probit analysis of micro-level data from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Journal of Developing Areas, Vol. 20, No. 4, Jul 1986. 473-90 pp. Macomb, Illinois. In Eng.
Migration intentions in selected developing countries are examined. Data are from a comparative migration study conducted between 1977 and 1979 in Thailand, Egypt, and Colombia. The focus of the study is on the micro-level factors that have predictive value, such as personal adaptability, access to information about places to live, and ability to pay the costs of migration. The utility of a probit estimation technique to examine the migration plans of a rural population is shown.
Author's address: International Statistical Programs Center, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

53:30472 Narain, V. Forms of migration and measurement in social demography. International Migration/Migrations Internationales/Migraciones Internacionales, Vol. 25, No. 2, Jun 1987. 179-93 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This paper is an attempt to identify the various forms of migration in demography and the associated measurements adopted and their limitation. In trying to conceptualize migration, we are in fact trying to identify those who move or migrants and those who do not move or non-migrants. Further it also involves a place or origin from where the migration starts and a place of destination where it culminates." The author discusses five aspects of territorial mobility, namely, space, residence, time, activity changes, and individual and family criteria.
Author's address: International Institute for Population Sciences, Deemed University, Bombay, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30473 Organization of American States [OAS] (Washington, D.C.). Labor migration in Bolivia. [Las migraciones laborales en Bolivia.] Migraciones Laborales en America Latina: Diagnostico Demografico, ISBN 0-8270-2631-5. 1987. x, 83 pp. Washington, D.C. In Spa.
This report, which concerns labor migration in Bolivia, is one in a series on demographic and juridical aspects of migration in member countries of the Organization of American States. In Chapter 1, socioeconomic changes in Bolivia are described. Sections are included on historical aspects of socioeconomic development, descriptions of the various economic sectors, and recent trends in internal migration. Chapter 2 concerns foreign immigration in Bolivia, with emphasis on British and Japanese movements. Chapter 3 is concerned with emigration. Other chapters are included on migration from Bolivia to Argentina in the periods 1914-1947, 1947-1960, and 1960-1970; characteristics of the labor force; and migration to selected other countries.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30474 Relethford, John H. A gravity model of human population structure. Human Biology, Vol. 58, No. 5, Oct 1986. 801-15 pp. Detroit, Michigan. In Eng.
"To date, comparative analyses of human migration and population structure have focused on a single explanatory variable--geographic distance. These models are expanded here by extensions of the gravity model developed by geographers. This model considers the number of migrants between populations to be a function of geographic distance and the population sizes of recipient and source populations. The generalized model allows detection of both negative size dependence and positive size dependence. Hypothetical examples are used to illustrate interpretations of the coefficients derived from the model. Applications of the model are presented using data from three culturally and ecologically distinct populations: horticultural (New Guinea tribes), continental agricultural (historical Massachusetts), and island agricultural (historical Aland Islands). For all samples, the gravity model provides a better fit than simple distance decay models. The results suggest that the most common pattern of migration is from small to large populations."
Author's address: Department of Athletics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30475 Schaeffer, Peter V. A family model of migration. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Vol. 21, No. 4, 1987. 263-9 pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This study investigates the migration decision of the extended family in the context of developing economies. Its emphasis is on migration in the absence of uncertainty. It will be shown that the existence and strength of a common family goal, and the degree of the members' identification with that goal, can lead to differences in the migration behaviors....The economic importance of the family is discussed....[The author] develops a deterministic model of family migration, and compares the behaviors of a family with strong member identification with the common (family) goal, and one with only weak such identification."
Author's address: Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Illinois, 1003 West Nevada Street, Urbana, IL 61801.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

53:30476 Skeldon, Ronald. Models of migration: is there life after Todaro? Department of Economics Discussion Paper, No. 72, Apr 1986. 22 pp. University of Hong Kong, Department of Economics: Hong Kong. In Eng.
The author discusses the impact that the Todaro model has had on demographic studies concerning migration and considers the future of migration research given recent criticisms of the Todaro model. He argues that the Todaro model's strengths and weaknesses both arise from its simplicity and that more complex, less ambitious models need to be developed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30477 Therborn, Goran. Migration and Western Europe: the Old World turning new. Science, Vol. 237, No. 4819, Sep 4, 1987. 1,183-8 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The 1960s meant a historical turn of Western Europe becoming an immigration area. Net immigration has been concentrated to some of the prosperous Western European countries and has been mainly determined by the demand of their particular national labor regimes. The size of alien employment has been very differently affected by the 1973 crisis, but a multiethnical society will remain a novel feature of most Western European countries. Political abdication from full employment and technological change makes a ghetto of un(der)employment a likely prospect of a large part of the second generation of recent immigrants into Western Europe."
Author's address: Department of Political Science, Catholic University, Comeniuslaan 4, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Location: Princeton University Library (SQ).

53:30478 Vorst, A. C. F. Some properties of a nonlinear migration model. Econometric Institute Report, No. 8545/B, [1985?]. 20 pp. Erasmus University Rotterdam, Econometric Institute: Rotterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"In this paper we will comment on a nonlinear migration model as developed by Sheppard. We will show that some of his claims, and also proofs, about the properties of the model are incorrect....The most appealing property of the model is that the existence of an equilibrium distribution of the population is characterized by a very natural condition on the migration parameters of the model."
For the study by Eric Sheppard, see 51:10492.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30479 White, Paul. International migration in the 1970s: revolution or evolution? In: West European population change, edited by Allan Findlay and Paul White. 1986. 50-80 pp. Croom Helm: Dover, New Hampshire/London, England. In Eng.
This is a general review of migration within and to the countries of Europe, excluding Eastern Europe. "It is the overall thesis here that the common ascription of the causal mechanism for change to the economic events following the oil-price rise of late 1973 is far too much of an over-simplification and that the influences altering the migration scene in the 1970s were far more varied and complex." Problems concerning the available sources of data on international migration are noted. The author stresses the importance of familial and political factors in addition to economic factors as determinants of migration.
Author's address: Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

H.2. International Migration

53:30480 Appleyard, Reginald; Abandan-Unat, Nermin; Laroque, Pierre. The future of migration. International Migration Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, Spring 1987. 128-54 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
These three papers on the future of migration make up a summary report on the Conference of National Experts held at the OECD in Paris, May 13-15, 1986. The papers concern possible policy options, international migration as a basic element of economic development, and conclusions about migration trends from the present to the long-term future. The author of the concluding paper remarks that "the Conference brought representatives of all of the Organization's Member countries together with eminent economists and social scientists to discuss the possible and probable outlook for migratory movements in the years to come. The purpose was not to define international norms in this respect, nor to draft one or more international agreements or a legal instrument having the force of law, but to review all the problems raised by that outlook."
Author's address: University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30481 Arthur, W. Brian; Espenshade, Thomas J. U.S. immigration policy, immigrants' ages, and U.S. population size. Impacts of Immigration in California Policy Discussion Paper, No. PDS-87-1, Jun 1987. 12 pp. Urban Institute: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors examine the influence of the age of immigrants to the United States on the size of the resulting stationary population, provide projections under varying hypothetical conditions, and discuss ways in which U.S. immigration policy can affect the age distribution of immigrants. Figures for the years 1970-1986 showing the sex and median age of legal immigrants indicate an age increase of about two years. The authors discuss the potential of U.S. immigration policy that takes into account immigrants' ages in increasing or decreasing total population size.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30482 Assimopoulos, N.; Humblet, Jean-E. Immigrants and the national question: a comparative study of Quebecois and Walloon societies. [Les immigres et la question nationale: etude comparative des societies quebecoise et wallonne.] Studi Emigrazione/Etudes Migrations, Vol. 24, No. 86, Jun 1987. 155-86 pp. Rome, Italy. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"The essay presents a comparative analysis of two Francophone regions, [Wallonia, Belgium] and Quebec [Canada], which have experienced similar institutional and cultural problems, following the great migrant inflows. If, on the one hand, these immigrants constitute an enriching opportunity for the local population, on the other hand, they can aggravate pre-existing difficulties or raise the question of their integration. While the Canadian federal system allows Quebec an autonomous legislation in the field of immigration and of linguistic choices, [Wallonia] is bound to the decisions of the central Belgian government. The expectations of local and immigrant population push toward more open policies regarding citizenship, immigration and linguistic choices."
Author's address: Universite de Montreal, CP6128, Succursale A, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30483 Barrera, Cristina. Female international migration: the Colombian-Venezuelan case. [La migracion femenina internacional: el caso Colombia-Venezuela.] Estudios Rurales Latinoamericanos, Vol. 9, No. 3, Sep-Dec 1986. 69-80 pp. Bogota, Colombia. In Spa.
Trends in female migration in Latin America are analyzed, using the example of migration from Colombia to Venezuela since the 1950s. Consideration is given to the causes of this migration, the economic role of female migrants, and the concept of migration as a survival strategy. Data are from a survey of migrant origin carried out in 1980 in major Colombian cities.
Author's address: Departamento de Ciencia Politica, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1a, No. 18-A-70, Apdo Aereo 4976, Bogota, Colombia.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

53:30484 Bedford, R. D. The occupation composition of Trans-Tasman population flows: Part 1--methodological issues. New Zealand Population Review, Vol. 13, No. 1, May 1987. 19-48 pp. Wellington, New Zealand. In Eng.
"This paper is the first of a two part analysis of the occupation composition of population flows between New Zealand and Australia during the 1980s. Because there are several definitional problems which must be dealt with before commencing analysis of trans-Tasman movement, this paper is devoted to methodological issues. Three issues are examined: the identification of migrant universes, the definition of places of origin and destination of movers, and the nature of the occupational classification which is used in the data base on trans-Tasman migration. The substantive analysis of these data, in terms of the insights they afford into the occupation composition of trans-Tasman flows [will be] contained in the second paper."
Author's address: Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30485 Bedford, Richard; Gibson, Katherine. Migration, employment and development in the South Pacific: New Zealand. South Pacific Commission Country Report, No. 23B, 1986. ix, 96 pp. South Pacific Commission: Noumea, New Caledonia; International Labour Office [ILO]: Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng.
This is one in a series of country reports concerning the relationships among migration, employment, and development in the South Pacific region; the present report is concerned with New Zealand. It focuses on the Pacific Island-origin population of New Zealand, comprising people from Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau, Tonga, and Western Samoa. The report is divided into six sections: "a comment on the main sources of the data; an historical overview of migration to New Zealand from the Pacific with special reference to Polynesians; an assessment of contemporary migration flows and the changing contributions of international migration and natural increase to growth in New Zealand's Pacific Island Polynesian population; a description of the spatial distribution of Polynesians with particular reference to their adaptation to urban residence in New Zealand; an examination of the role of Pacific Islanders in the New Zealand workforce; and a review of contemporary immigration in the context of population movement between New Zealand and the Pacific Islands."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30486 Bedford, Richard. The Polynesian connection: migration and social change in New Zealand and the South Pacific. [La filiere polynesienne: migrations et changements sociaux en Nouvelle-Zelande et dans le Pacifique Sud.] Espace Geographique, Vol. 15, No. 3, Jul-Sep 1986. 172-86 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
Migration flows between New Zealand and the island countries of the South Pacific are described. A historical review of this migration is presented first. Migration trends since 1960 are then analyzed from four perspectives: demographic, adaptation, dependency, and structural. The paper concludes with a review of some likely future problems associated with this migration, in that while the New Zealand economy is in decline, the kinship network of Polynesians is likey to encourage continuing immigration by those seeking greater economic opportunities.
Author's address: University of Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand.
Location: New York Public Library.

53:30487 Berman, Yitzhak. Patterns of migration from Europe to Israel: Jewish migration, 1919-1984. Studi Emigrazione/Etudes Migrations, Vol. 24, No. 85, Mar 1987. 102-12 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"An analysis was made from data published by Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics (1985) on Jewish immigrants by period of immigration and country of birth. Five periods of immigration are included in the study: 1919-May 14, 1948, May 15, 1948-1960, 1961-1964, 1965-1971, 1972-1979, and 1980-1984." The results show that although immigration from Europe has played a major role during this period of time, it has decreased significantly in the 1980s "as a result of several factors--restrictions on the number of Jews permitted to leave the USSR, the establishment of the United States and Canada as immigration destinations preferable to Israel, and the economic recession in Israel...."
Author's address: Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, Jerusalem, Israel.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30488 Bernard, Philippe J. A dialectic of migration: acculturation and demographic transition. [Une dialectique des migrations: acculturation et transition demographique.] European Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 2, No. 3-4, May 1987. 387-405 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"It is argued that two types of migration have tended to follow each other. One is a 'colonizing' migration corresponding to a technical, military and economic advantage of one group over another, associated at first with a demographic surge in the first group; the other is a 'social-capillarity' migration occurring when the first, 'colonizing' group has completed its demographic transition and the second has barely started. Two hypotheses concerning the outcome of this process are presented." The need for international cooperation concerning migration is stressed.
Author's address: 3 Rue du General Langlois, 75116 Paris, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30489 Bidegain, Gabriel. Bibliography on the study of international migration in Venezuela. [Las migraciones internacionales en Venezuela. Bibliografia para su estudio.] Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas y Sociales Documento de Trabajo, No. 31, Jan 1987. 60 pp. Universidad Catolica Andres Bello, Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas y Sociales: Caracas, Venezuela. In Spa.
This is an unannotated bibliography on the study of international migration in Venezuela and includes items published worldwide during the past 60 years.
Publisher's address: Urb. Montalban, La Vega, Apartado 29068, Caracas 1021, Venezuela.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30490 Bidegain, Gabriel. Democracy, migration, and return migration: Argentines, Chileans, and Uruguayans in Venezuela. [Democracia, migracion y retorno: los Argentinos, Chilenos y Uruguayos en Venezuela.] Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas y Sociales Documento de Trabajo, No. 29, Jul 1986. 36 pp. Universidad Catolica Andres Bello, Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas y Sociales: Caracas, Venezuela. In Spa.
Migratory movements to Venezuela from Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay are investigated using census data, registers of foreigners, and a 1981 survey of migration. In Chapter 1, migration trends of the three nationalities during the past 35 years are analyzed. Chapter 2 focuses on the impact of the democratization process on migratory flows, especially return migration. Various programs established by international organizations are described, and their effect on repatriation is assessed.
Publisher's address: Urb. Montalban, La Vega, Apartado 29068, Caracas 1021, Venezuela.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30491 Bocquier, Philippe. Return migration of immigrants in Sweden. [Retours dans le pays d'origine des immigrants en Suede.] Population, Vol. 42, No. 3, May-Jun 1987. 544-8 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
An analysis of migration to Sweden and subsequent return migration is presented based on official Swedish data. The focus is on migration to and from Sweden by migrants from other Scandinavian countries.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30492 Borjas, George J. Self-selection and the earnings of immigrants. American Economic Review, Vol. 77, No. 4, Sep 1987. 531-53 pp. Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
"This paper analyzes the way in which the earnings of the immigrant population may be expected to differ from the earnings of the native population because of the endogeneity of the decision to migrate. The empirical study shows that differences in the U.S. earnings of immigrants with the same measured skills but from different home countries, are attributable to variations in political and economic conditions in the countries of origin at the time of migration."
Author's address: Department of Economics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

53:30493 Bouvier, Leon; Simcox, David. Many hands, few jobs: population, unemployment and emigration in Mexico and the Caribbean. CIS Paper, No. 2, Nov 1986. 60 pp. Center for Immigration Studies: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors examine present and future trends in migration from Central America and the Caribbean to the United States. They conclude that future economic prospects in the region preclude the possibility of creating sufficient new jobs to absorb the number of new entrants into the labor force in the foreseeable future. The result will be increasing pressures to migrate to the United States over the next 30 years. The consequences for the United States are reviewed, including the need to increase assistance to the economies of the countries concerned, more family planning assistance, and tougher measures to control immigration.
Publisher's address: 1424 16th Street NW, Suite 701, Washington, DC 20036.
Location: Population Council Library, New York, NY.

53:30494 Briggs, John W. Fertility and cultural change among families in Italy and America. American Historical Review, Vol. 91, No. 5, Dec 1986. 1,129-45 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The process of demographic change among immigrants to the United States is examined. The data concern migrants from an Italian village who migrated to Rochester, New York, between 1861 and 1902 and those from the same village who did not migrate. The differences between the two groups are considered in order to identify the impact of cultural differences on fertility.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

53:30495 Briody, Elizabeth K. Patterns of household immigration into South Texas. International Migration Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, Spring 1987. 27-47 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
This article examines Mexican migration into South Texas in recent decades and focuses on changes in the characteristics of the migrants' households. An ethnographic approach is used in examining 56 permanent, immigrant households. "This article introduces a hypothesis for explaining the increase and permanency of household immigration." It is found that "immigration often leads to downward social mobility with respect to legal status of household members, type of employment, and property ownership. Of particular note is the transformation of the household from a single to a multiple worker unit, in response to agricultural labor demands and growing employment opportunities in the non-agricultural sector."
Author's address: General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, MI.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30496 Brosnan, Peter; Poot, Jacques. An econometric model of trans-Tasman migration after World War II. Centre for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper, No. 138, ISBN 0-949293-51-2. Jan 1986. 35 pp. Australian National University, Centre for Economic Policy Research: Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
The authors examine trends in migration between Australia and New Zealand since World War II using a cost-benefit framework. "After a discussion of the salient features of Trans-Tasman migration (trends, motivations of migrants, and consequences), a four equation system is specified and estimated. One equation models the rate of New Zealand emigration and another the rate of emigration from Australia. A third equation models the probability of a New Zealand emigrant choosing Australia as a destination while the fourth equation models the corresponding probability of an Australian emigrant settling in New Zealand. Return migration is an important component of the flows. Moreover, the age composition of the population and the real cost of air travel are found to be important determinants of the emigration rates. The choice of Australia or New Zealand is found to be sensitive to changes in the demand for labour in the destination, while the attractiveness of Australia for New Zealand emigrants depends also on the potential gain in earnings or wages."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30497 Burns, John P. Immigration from China and the future of Hong Kong. Asian Survey, Vol. 27, No. 6, Jun 1987. 661-82 pp. Berkeley, California. In Eng.
The author "seeks, first, to describe and analyze the nature of the post-1949 migration from China to Hong Kong, and to examine the policies adopted by the Hong Kong government to deal with the problem. Second, I will discuss the extent to which the migrants are 'refugees'. Third, I will examine the provision made by the United Kingdom and China for the future of Hong Kong and the public reaction to it, and speculate on the problems which may arise for 'refugees' and others in Hong Kong up to and beyond 1997." He argues that "the colonial government of Hong Kong is inherently weak and has been unable to deal effectively with migration from China....[and] that the [Sino-British] Agreement...gives to China direct and unfettered governance of Hong Kong after 1997." The implications of Chinese control for specific immigrant groups are considered.
Author's address: Department of Political Science, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPIA).

53:30498 Cerase, F. P. Italian emigration to the Americas. [L'emigrazione italiana nelle Americhe.] Boletin de la Asociacion de Demografia Historica, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1987. 26-35 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Ita.
The author reviews the literature on structural conditions and other factors involved in Italian migration to the Americas. The actual migratory experience and the effects of migration on the areas of origin are also discussed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30499 Chapman, Bruce J.; Miller, Paul W. A hitch-hikers guide to the labour economics of immigration. Centre for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper, No. 136, ISBN 0-949293-49-0. Jan 1986. 23 pp. Australian National University, Centre for Economic Policy Research: Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
The authors examine two aspects of the labor market implications of immigration into Australia. "The first is that immigrants face barriers to the attainment of their full labour market potential, and thus experience relatively high levels of unemployment and receive relatively low incomes. A second...is that immigrants take jobs that unemployed Australians would otherwise have had, a corollary being that it is inappropriate to maintain high levels of immigration when many residents are unemployed....It is found, first, that immigrants do not fare particularly badly in terms of unemployment and incomes, although there are some qualifications to this generalisation. Second...there is no compelling evidence for the views that immigration has either increased aggregate unemployment rates or reduced job prospects of unemployed Australians." Recent official and previously published data are used.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30500 Charbonneau, Hubert; Desjardins, Bertrand; Gullemette, Andre; Landry, Yves; Legare, Jacques; Nault, Francois. Birth of a population: the French settlement of Canada in the seventeenth century. [Naissance d'une population: les Francais etablis au Canada au XVIIe siecle.] INED Travaux et Documents Cahier, No. 118, ISBN 2-7332-0118-2. 1987. viii, 232 pp. Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France; Presses de l'Universite de Montreal: Montreal, Canada. In Fre.
The settlement of French immigrants in Canada in the seventeenth century is investigated using data from parish registers, censuses, and other published studies. Attention is given to French migration policies during the early years of pioneer settlements; a critical evaluation of data sources for this time period; characteristics of the pioneers, including family characteristics; nuptiality; fertility; descendants of early settlers; mortality; and individual and family life cycles. Tables containing information on fertility rates as well as a list of early settlers and their descendants are included in appendixes.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30501 Connell, John. Migration, employment and development in the South Pacific: Australia. South Pacific Commission Country Report, No. 23A, 1985. iii, 35 pp. South Pacific Commission: Noumea, New Caledonia; International Labour Office [ILO]: Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng.
This is one in a series of country reports concerning the relationships among migration, employment, and development in the South Pacific Region; the present report is concerned with Australia. In this report, the author attempts a demographic analysis of the Australian population of Pacific Island origin. The inadequacy of available data sources on this population is noted. The author concludes that the Pacific Island population of Australia, which is primarily from Fiji and Tonga, is relatively small and likely to remain so in the foreseeable future.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30502 Connell, John. Migration, employment, and development in the South Pacific. 1987. iii, 104 pp. South Pacific Commission: Noumea, New Caledonia; International Labour Office [ILO]: Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng.
"This report is one of a series of reports covering various issues relating to migration, employment and development for each of the countries in the South Pacific region and has been produced as part of the Migration, Employment and Development in the South Pacific project" which is administered jointly by the South Pacific Commission and the International Labour Office. Data are for 1981-1983. Following a description of the project, chapters are concerned with the socioeconomic context of migration in the Pacific Islands region; an overview of current patterns in population movement; reasons for migration; and the social, economic, and geographic impact of migration. A chapter on migration policy considers development planning, migration control, rural and urban development, national policy, and return migration. A chapter is also included on the collection, sources, and quality of data on internal and international migration and economic activities. In general, the South Pacific region is studied as a whole; some data are provided for the individual countries.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30503 De Rosa, Luigi. Italian emigration to Argentina: an analysis. [L'emigrazione italiana in Argentina: un bilancio.] Rassegna Economica, Vol. 50, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1986. 1,191-213 pp. Naples, Italy. In Ita.
Trends in Italian emigration to Argentina from the seventeenth century onward are analyzed. The focus is on the Italian contribution to Argentina's development.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

53:30504 Djajic, Slobodan. Illegal aliens, unemployment and immigration policy. Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 25, No. 1, Feb 1987. 235-49 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper develops a simple two-country model of illegal immigration in an attempt to examine the interaction among variables such as the stock of migrant labor, the unemployment rates of the two economies, and the rate of spending by the host country on the enforcement of its immigration restrictions. The focus of the analysis is on the dynamics of immigration policy and on its role in determining the nature of the mechanism by which disturbances to the labor market of one country are transmitted to that of the other in the short run and in the long run."
Author's address: Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

53:30505 Donnelly, Harrison. Immigration: still the golden door? In: Editorial Research Reports, 1986, Volume 1, edited by Hoyt Gimlin. 1986. 431-52 pp. Congressional Quarterly: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
A review of current trends in U.S. immigration is presented with the focus on changes in attitudes within the United States toward immigration. Consideration is given to political factors and to the economic effects of immigration.
Location: Princeton University Library (DR).

53:30506 Dupaquier, Jacques; Vejarano, Fernan. Naturalized French citizens and their destiny, or the French "melting pot" from 1851 to 1939. [Les naturalises francais et leur destin ou "le melting-pot" francais de 1851 a 1939.] Revue Europeenne des Migrations Internationales, Vol. 2, No. 3, Dec 1986. 33-47 pp. Poitiers, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
The results of a study of naturalizations in France are presented. This study supplements one concerning 3,000 French couples married between 1803 and 1832, whose patronymic descendants are reconstructed. The analysis centers on 515 naturalization files concerning people whose patronymic begins with the letters TRA for the period 1851-1939 and the analysis of the births and marriages of their children. The results indicate that by the second generation, 62 percent of the boys and 74 percent of the girls had married French nationals and that social class generally improved following marriage, indicating that assimilation of immigrants occurred effectively.
Author's address: Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, 54 Boulevard Raspail, 75006 Paris, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30507 Elchardus, M.; Glorieux, I.; Scheys, M. Time, cultures, and coexistence. [Temps, cultures et coexistence.] Studi Emigrazione/Etudes Migrations, Vol. 24, No. 86, Jun 1987. 138-54 pp. Rome, Italy. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"In this essay, the authors try to illustrate the relevance of the sociology of time for the study of migration and inter-cultural relations. It is argued that by taking the time-dimension more explicitly into account, our insights in the dynamics of these relations can be [improved]....In connection with international migration processes, this relationship appears to be influenced by at least six different factors: 1) the sudden transition from a rural to an urban, industrial environment; 2) the perspective of the return to the homeland; 3) the confrontation with the culture of the host country and with other migrants' cultures; 4) the religious, ideological and political developments in the homeland; 5) the reactions of the host country and the problems these create; 6) the minority position of the migrants."
Author's address: Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30508 Espenshade, Thomas J. Population replacement and immigrant adaptation: new issues facing the West. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 19, No. 3, May-Jun 1987. 115-8 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This article considers some of the implications of continued low indigenous fertility [in industrialized countries], even as immigration increases, and it suggests a strategy for resolving an emerging demographic dilemma that is facing the Western democracies." Immigration and fertility trends in developed countries since the mid-1960s are briefly outlined, and demographic and social implications of these developments are discussed. Recommendations are offered concerning U.S. immigration policy as well as social policy measures to expedite immigrant adaptation to U.S. economic, social, and political institutions.
Author's address: Program in Demographic Studies, The Urban Institute, 2100 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20037.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30509 Estrada, Baldomero; Salinas Meza, Rene. European immigration and social mobility in urban centers of Latin America (1880-1920). [Inmigracion europea y movilidad social en los centros urbanos de America Latina (1880-1920).] Estudios Migratorios Latinoamericanos, Vol. 2, No. 5, Apr 1987. 3-27 pp. Buenos Aires, Argentina. In Spa.
The authors provide a historical overview of the impact of European immigration on social structures in Latin America. The focus is on movements to Argentina and Brazil, with a lesser emphasis on Chile and Uruguay. Social mobility of foreigners is compared with that of natives. The relationship between migration and trends in urbanization and industrialization is analyzed, and factors such as economic conditions and political stability in the receiving countries, migrant access to land ownership, discrimination against migrants, length of stay, and reasons for leaving are examined.
Author's address: Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Avenida Brasil 2950, Casilla 4059, Valparaiso, Chile.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30510 Evans, M. D. R. Language skill, language usage and opportunity: immigrants in the Australian labour market. Sociology, Vol. 21, No. 2, May 1987. 253-74 pp. Solihull, England. In Eng.
"This paper examines how immigrants' proficiency in speaking English, and preference for retaining their native tongue as the language of the home, affect their occupational attainment in the Australian labour market. In particular, it investigates how well three approaches--an assimilationist approach, a Neo-Marxist approach, and an ethnic enclaves approach--account for differences among groups in how important language usage and skill are in occupational mobility. The data are drawn from the 1981 Census public use sample. The findings show that monolingual English usage is of no benefit in the labour market and that weak English skills harm the occupational opportunities of some groups much more than others, a finding that is fully consistent with the ethnic enclaves approach. Generalising from the differences among Australian immigrant groups, the paper provides some hypotheses about language effects among immigrants to industrialised societies more generally, and develops some hypotheses about conditions fostering development of ethnic enclaves in such societies."
Author's address: Department of Sociology RSSS, Australian National University, GPO Box 4, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30511 Fargues, Philippe. Does migration follow the oil-market situation in the Gulf? The example of Kuwait. [La migration obeit-elle a la conjoncture petroliere dans le Golfe? L'example du Koweit.] INED Dossiers et Recherches, No. 10, Sep 1987. 30 pp. Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The author examines the influence of oil price changes on migration flows to and from Kuwait. Data are for the 1970's and 1980's up to 1985 and are from official government sources. "The first perceptible reactions to the collapse of oil prices seem to affect in-flows of migrants more than out-flows. There has so far been no return rush of expatriate workers from the Arab Gulf. Immigration is maybe running dry, but foreigners already settled are likely to stay for the long-term. However there are no signs [of]...the integration of foreigners and Kuwaitis in a newly emerging society. Kuwait society remains fundamentally dual, both from the economic point of view (unequal participation in the labour force) and from the social one (citizenship, marriage market, housing)."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30512 Freitez, Anitza. Border migration between Colombia and Venezuela: a methodological perspective for its study. [Migracion fronteriza Colombo-Venezolana: una perspectiva metodologica para su estudio.] IIES Documento de Trabajo, No. 32, May 1987. 92 pp. Universidad Catolica Andres Bello, Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas y Sociales: Caracas, Venezuela. In Spa.
The author assesses sources of data for the study of Colombian-Venezuelan border migration, with the aim of investigating aspects such as permanence and legality and developing a methodology for in-depth analysis of the border-migration process; Chapter 1 contains a description of relevant sources of data, such as censuses, surveys, registers, border cards, and vital statistics. Chapter 2 is concerned with the use of traditional sources as well as others that are not currently utilized, and also with the availability of the various types of data. An appendix includes samples of questionnaires and other forms used for data collection. Tabular data are presented on the foreign-born population in Venezuela by age group, sex, country of birth, educational level, employment status, household characteristics, marital status, profession, point of entry, month of entry, and type of visa; number of migrants by nationality, 1978-1982; foreigners by sex, age group, and nationality, 1978-1982; and naturalized Venezuelans by sex, age group, and country of origin, 1978-1982.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30513 Frey, Martin; Lubinski, Volker. Problems caused by high concentration of foreigners in selected European countries. [Probleme infolge hoher Auslanderkonzentration in ausgewahlten europaischen Staaten.] Materialien zur Bevolkerungswissenschaft: Sonderheft, No. 8, 1987. 223 pp. Bundesinstitut fur Bevolkerungsforschung: Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger.
This is a comparative study of the problems caused by high concentrations of foreigners in Sweden, Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the United Kingdom. Part 1 presents separate examinations of each country's foreign population profile, focusing on the geographic, demographic, ideological, historical, economic, and political matters relevant to immigrants and the policies governing them. Part 2 focuses on the problems attributable to high concentrations of foreigners, including the socioeconomic status of immigrants, their place in the work force, unemployment, housing, tensions and conflicts, and political problems. Attention is also given to immigration restrictions, return migration, racism and discrimination, urban renewal, schooling, and political participation. Data sources include pertinent international literature and official publications covering the years 1970-1985.
Author's address: Strassen 69-71, 5060 Bergisch Gladbach 1, Federal Republic of Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30514 Hossain, Abu A. M. The international labor migration to the Middle East: the impact and consequences for the social structure of a sender country, the case of Bangladesh. Pub. Order No. DA8706991. 1986. 297 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This study examined the process of international migration that took place in Bangladesh as a result of the massive economic development which occurred in the oil-exporting countries of the Middle East during the decade of the 1970s. After reviewing the Middle Eastern migration process in general, this study specifically examined the effects of emigration on the class structure of rural Bangladesh." It is argued that "because of the uncertainty of migration, its incredible costliness, and the constant and inescapable bureaucratic red tape one had to confront, emigration became a privilege open only to the select few who had money, land, or other sources of wealth....Through migration the wealthier class of the rural areas has consolidated and strengthened its traditional land based class position. Emigration, in reality, has functioned as a mechanism to further reinforce the age-old class structure of rural Bangladesh."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the University of California, Riverside.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 47(12).

53:30515 Jones, Frank E. Age at immigration and education: further explorations. International Migration Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, Spring 1987. 70-85 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
Trends in the relationship between age at immigration and educational attainment are examined using age- and sex-specific data for Canada, 1881-1973. "Although initial analyses of data, collected for the [1973] Canadian Mobility Study, reveal a weak relationship between age at immigration and educational attainment, inclusion of a measure of periodicity in educational attainment models reveals age at immigration to have an effect comparable to that of family size on educational attainment. Given the strong periodicity effect, when age at immigration is excluded from the analysis, it is argued that the status attainment model, which best accounts for the educational attainment of native-born Canadians, also accounts best for the educational attainment of the foreign-born."
Author's address: McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30516 Katz, Eliakim; Stark, Oded. International migration under asymmetric information. Economic Journal, Vol. 97, No. 387, Sep 1987. 718-26 pp. New York, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
The effects of asymmetric information on international migration are explored, based on the assumption that foreign employers know less than migrant workers about the workers' skills. A basic model of labor mobility under asymmetric information is first presented. Two devices to restore informational symmetry are then considered, namely, signaling and revelation of true productivity through observation. Substantial differences are found between the patterns of labor mobility under asymmetric and symmetric information.
Author's address: York University, North York, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
For an earlier version of this paper, published in 1986, see 53:10534.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

53:30517 Koch, James V. The incomes of recent immigrants: a look at ethnic differences. Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 68, No. 2, Jun 1987. 294-310 pp. Austin, Texas. In Eng.
"This research examines family income differentials that exist among 18 different ethnic groups that immigrated to the United States between 1970 and 1980. Family size and fertility, education levels, labor force participation, geographic location, and facility with the English language are found to be important determinants of immigrant incomes, although it is likely that what Sowell has labeled the 'cultural inheritance' of ethnic groups is also important."
Author's address: Office of the President, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

53:30518 Labib, Ali. Immigration in the countries of the Gulf: some specific aspects. [L'immigration dans les pays du Golfe: quelques aspects specifiques.] Studi Emigrazione/Etudes Migrations, Vol. 24, No. 86, Jun 1987. 221-30 pp. Rome, Italy. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"This essay analyses some aspects of the in-migration flows to the Gulf countries, coming from other Arab countries as well as developing nations. Since the 80's, the Gulf countries have endorsed a restrictive policy concerning manpower import, even though they still need foreign workers. The Gulf countries pursue this policy as they fear that the presence of millions of foreign labourers will create social tension. The situation of the foreign labour force is uncertain and is bound to the role of the middleman, the local kafil, and that of the recruiting agencies. Rotation of foreign workers is very high. It has reached the 10 million mark in ten years."
Author's address: Ecole Normale Superieure de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30519 Larson, Eric M.; Sullivan, Teresa A. "Conventional numbers" in immigration research: the case of the missing Dominicans. Texas Population Research Center Papers, Series 9: 1987, No. 9.010, 1987. 18, [18] pp. University of Texas, Texas Population Research Center: Austin, Texas. In Eng.
It is first noted that most estimates of Dominicans living abroad converge on 500,000. However, both 1980 U.S. and 1981 Dominican census counts suggest that the real total of Dominican emigrants is under 200,000. "This article examines the 500,000 estimate and concludes that its empirical basis is overestimated, possibly because of the difficulty of estimation, the tendency to repeat unsubstantiated estimates, and the incorrect interpretation of missing values."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30520 Lebon, Andre. Foreign workers in Europe (how many are there; who are they; where do they work?). [Les travailleurs etrangers en Europe (Combien sont-ils; qui sont-ils; ou travaillent-ils?).] Revue Europeenne des Migrations Internationales, Vol. 2, No. 3, Dec 1986. 169-84 pp. Poitiers, France. In Fre.
A general review of the foreign labor force in Europe, excluding Eastern Europe, is presented. Consideration is given to the countries of origin of foreign workers, changes over the decade 1975-1985, and comparisons among countries concerning types of activity performed by foreigners.
Author's address: Direction de la Population et des Migrations, Ministere des Affaires Sociales et de l'Emploi, 1 Place de Fontenoy, 75007 Paris, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30521 Lee, Che-Fu. A demographic profile of older Euro-Americans. In: European-American elderly: a guide for practice, edited by Christopher L. Hayes, Richard A. Kalish, and David Guttmann. ISBN 0-8261-5450-6. LC 86-11878. 1986. 51-76 pp. Springer: New York, New York. In Eng.
The author analyzes 1980 U.S. census data to develop a demographic profile of first-generation European immigrants over age 65 in the United States. The findings are provided in tables and charts and concern age, marital status, and education by sex and country; sex ratio, child and old-age dependency ratios, and non-English language use by country of origin; number and age distribution by sex and time of immigration for 11 Euro-American immigrant groups of 100,000 or more; and labor force participation of immigrants before 1960 by sex for those over age 55. Information on the demographic characteristics, living arrangements, and poverty and public assistance status of Euro-American immigrants living in New York City is included in three tables. The data are intended primarily to assist providers of services to the immigrant elderly.
Location: University of Pennsylvania Library, Philadelphia, PA.

53:30522 Lowell, Briant L. Scandinavian exodus: demographic and social development of 19th-century rural communities. Brown University Studies in Population and Development, No. 6, ISBN 0-8133-7327-1. LC 87-50656. 1987. xxiii, 262 pp. Westview Press: Boulder, Colorado/London, England. In Eng.
The author "presents an overview of emigration patterns from European countries from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century, with a focus on the migrations out of Scandinavian countries. These patterns are then placed in theoretical contexts derived from social science literature, in general, and from prior explanations offered by social, economic and demographic historians. Four competing frameworks are synthesized and form the theoretical backbone of the analysis. These theories address the relative importance of the rural peasant economy, population size, density, and urban development, economic factors associated with wages and markets, and the role of innovation and diffusion in determining out-migration from Scandinavian countries." The emphasis is on theoretical rather than historical issues, and the author seeks to explain why some regions experience heavy migration while others do not. In conclusion, it is found that "the expectations of this monograph regarding the relative importance of peasant ecology theory and innovation diffusion theory are well supported. The expectation that change and response theory would not perform well is also substantiated."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30523 Lucas, Robert E. B. Emigration to South Africa's mines. American Economic Review, Vol. 77, No. 3, Jun 1987. 313-30 pp. Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
"This paper presents a simultaneous, econometric model of both the determinants of international migration to the South African mines and of some of the economic consequences for each of the labor supplying countries. Not only are the short-run effects of labor withdrawal on traditional crop cultivation and the domestic wage labor markets considered, but also the long-term effects of savings from mine earnings invested in crops and cattle in the home countries." The experiences of Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, and the South African homelands are compared. It is shown that "emigration to the South African mines has...reduced crop production in the subsistence sectors of Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, and the South African homelands in the short run. But the results also suggest that earnings of migrants have enhanced both crop productivity and cattle accumulation in the longer run, except in Lesotho."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

53:30524 Massey, Douglas S. Do undocumented migrants earn lower wages than legal immigrants? New evidence from Mexico. International Migration Review, Vol. 21, No. 2, Summer 1987. 236-74 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"This article examines the extent to which undocumented status lowers wage rates among immigrants to the United States from four Mexican communities. Regression equations were estimated to determine the effect of legal status on wages independent of other demographic, social and economic variables, and special efforts were made to control for possible sample selection biases. Findings suggest that the data are relatively free from selectivity problems that have characterized earlier studies, and that legal status had no direct effect on wage rates earned by male migrants from the four communities. Legal status also had little effect on the kind of job that migrants take in the United States, but it does play an important indirect role in determining the length of time that migrants stay in that country. By reducing the duration of stay, illegal status lowers the amount of employer-specific capital accruing to undocumented migrants, and thereby lowers wage rates relative to legal migrants." Data are for 1982-1983.
Author's address: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30525 Massey, Douglas S.; Garcia Espana, Felipe. The social process of international migration. Science, Vol. 237, No. 4816, Aug 14, 1987. 733-8 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The social process of network growth helps to explain the rapid increase in the migration of Mexicans to the United States during the 1970s. Migrant networks are webs of social ties that link potential migrants in sending communities to people in receiving societies, and their existence lowers the costs of international movement. With each person that becomes a migrant, the cost of migration is reduced for a set of friends and relatives, inducing them to migrate and further expanding the network. As a result of this dynamic interaction, network connections to the United States have become widespread throughout Mexico, and the probability of international migration from that country is high."
Author's address: Population Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.
Location: Princeton University Library (SQ).

53:30526 Moulier Boutang, Yann; Garson, Jean-Pierre; Silberman, Roxane. The political economy of illegal migration of the labor force: international comparisons and the French example. [Economie politique des migrations clandestines de main-d'oeuvre: comparaisons internationales et exemple francais.] Collection Manuels 2000: Serie Economique, ISBN 2-86600-245-8. 1986. 276 pp. Publisud: Paris, France. In Fre.
The economic impact of illegal migrations is examined, with the focus on France and the United States. The extent of illegal migration is considered in the international context, with attention also given to the methodology of its estimation. Next, four theories concerning the causes of illegal migration are summarized. The authors then discuss the effects of such migrations on the relocation of industries, why employers hire illegals, and the impact on income and employment as a whole. Other topics considered are the relationship between illegal migration and legal migration, family reunification, and the black or hidden economy. Policy implications are then reviewed. The second part of the book focuses on France, with particular attention to the measures adopted in 1981-1982 concerning illegal migration.
Location: New York Public Library.

53:30527 Organization of American States [OAS] (Washington, D.C.). Labor migration in Paraguay. [Las migraciones laborales en Paraguay.] Migraciones Laborales en America Latina: Diagnostico Demografico, ISBN 0-8270-2535-1. 1986. x, 62 pp. Washington, D.C. In Spa.
This report, which concerns labor migration in Paraguay, is one in a series on demographic and juridical aspects of migration in member countries of the Organization of American States. Chapters are included on immigration to Paraguay; the history and volume of migration from Paraguay to other countries, particularly Argentina, Brazil, and the United States; migration legislation, policies, and administration of services and programs; Spanish immigration to Paraquay; and international cooperation and assistance regarding demographic investigation, policy formulation, and development planning.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30528 Organization of American States [OAS] (Washington, D.C.). Labor migration in Uruguay. [Las migraciones laborales en Uruguay.] Migraciones Laborales en America Latina: Diagnostico Demografico, ISBN 0-8270-2477-0. 1986. xi, 87 pp. Washington, D.C. In Spa.
This report, which concerns labor migration in Uruguay, is one in a series on demographic and juridical aspects of migration in member countries of the Organization of American States. Chapters are included on the role of immigration in the last quarter of the nineteenth century; bases of the modernization process, 1875-1908; immigration in the twentieth century, including a comparison with Argentina in the period 1895-1965; and the volume and structure of international migration in Uruguay. A statistical appendix is included.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30529 Reboratti, Carlos E.; Bertoncello, Rodolfo. Migratory movements of Argentinians. [Les mouvements migratoires des Argentins.] Problemes d'Amerique Latine, No. 82, 1986. 89-99 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
Recent international migration affecting Argentina is reviewed. The authors note that there has been considerable emigration since the 1950s, partly for political reasons but primarily for economic reasons. They suggest that even if the political climate has changed, economic conditions in the country are not such as to create favorable conditions for return migration.
Author's address: Instituto de Geografia, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

53:30530 Rosch, Marita. Foreign workers and immigrants: social scientific contributions to the discussion of a contemporary problem. [Auslandische Arbeitnehmer und Immigranten: sozialwissenschaftliche Beitrage zur Diskussion eines aktuellen Problems.] Beltz Monographie, ISBN 3-407-57107-0. 1985. xiv, 279 pp. Beltz: Weinheim, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger.
This volume contains works from various disciplines pertaining to foreign workers, immigrants, integration, and related issues. The primary geographic focus is on the Federal Republic of Germany, but papers are also included on Switzerland, Israel, Sweden, the United States, and Vietnamese refugees. The selections deal with the problems of foreign workers in relation to resident populations. The compiler's stated goal is to include works on the basic processes common to migration in different countries, works from each of the social sciences, and works that will bring diverse scientific methods into the discussion. The papers are presented in two sections, one on foreign workers' problems and opportunities, the other on immigrants and integration.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30531 Saleh, Saneya A. Evolution of Egyptian migration. Dirasat Sukkaniyah/Population Studies, Vol. 12, No. 73, Apr-Jun 1985. 43-5, 3-24 pp. Cairo, Egypt. In Ara. with sum. in Eng.
Changing patterns of Egyptian emigration over the past 30 years are reviewed. Four phases are identified: migration among Arab countries up to 1961, migration to the West for professional advancement, migration for political freedom, and migration to oil-producing countries since 1973 for economic reasons.
Author's address: Social Research Center, American University in Cairo, POB 2511, 113 Sharia Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, Egypt.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30532 Sanchez-Albornoz, Nicolas. Emigration from the Iberian Peninsula to America. [La emigracion de la Peninsula Iberica a America.] Boletin de la Asociacion de Demografia Historica, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1987. 36-40 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa.
The author reviews the literature concerning Portuguese and Spanish migration to the Americas and discusses similarities and differences between Iberian and Italian migration.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30533 Sarmad, Khwaja. Pakistani migration to the Arab-Gulf countries: review of empirical findings. Series on Population and Development Studies in the Arab World, No. 6, 1985. 53 pp. League of Arab States, Population Research Unit: Tunis, Tunisia. In Eng.
The author considers the costs and benefits for Pakistan of the large-scale labor emigration to the Arab Gulf countries that has taken place in the 1970s and early 1980s. A number of official and other published estimates of migration flows are used.
For a related publication, published by the same author in 1985, see 53:20515.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30534 Schaeffer, P. V. A dynamical model of labor-market change in international labor migrations when demand for labor is exogenous. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 19, No. 8, Aug 1987. 1,051-7 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"Relatively little is known about the long-run behavior of international labor migrations. One of the biggest concerns in immigration debates relates to the continued pressure on the borders of the wealthy countries. This immigration pressure will decline significantly only if the poor nations manage to provide more high-wage jobs. An earlier model of international labor migration is used to derive additional insights into the growth and decline of labor supply in different labor markets resulting from migration. Particular attention is paid to labor demand growth requirements in a sending country so that out-migration will slow down and eventually stop."
Author's address: Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Illinois, 1003 West Nevada Street, Urbana, IL 61801.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).

53:30535 Schor, Ralph. Immigration in France, 1919-1939. [L'immigration en France, 1919-1939.] 1986. 109 pp. Universite de Nice, Centre de la Mediterranee Moderne et Contemporaine: Nice, France. In Fre.
This is an unannotated bibliography of French-language sources on immigration in France from 1919 to 1939. The focus is on journal articles and books. The bibliography is organized by subject. Sections are also included listing individual histories, novels, plays, and films on the topic.
Publisher's address: 98, Boulevard Edouard-Herriot, B.P. 257, 06036 Nice Cedex, France.
Location: New York Public Library.

53:30536 Schreuder, Yda. Municipal records in nineteenth century Dutch emigration research. International Migration Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, Spring 1987. 114-22 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
Dutch emigrant registration records for the nineteenth century are examined in an effort to shed light on the local circumstances of the Dutch emigration movement. "Since nineteenth century emigration took place mostly through primary contacts this article will examine the newly established immigrant settlements as 'communities transplanted'...which directs our research to include local municipal records such as population censuses, population registers (which were supplemented after 1861 with registers of in- and out-migration), tax records, and records of vital events like marriage, birth and death registers. The quality and availability of these records vary from place to place, but generally speaking, in the case of the Netherlands, they are of high quality since population registration at the municipal level was required by law. The source of information for the local records are the population registers (Bevolkings Registers) which were originally constructed on the basis of information obtained from the 1850 population census...."
Author's address: University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30537 Simon, Gildas. Cities and international labor migrations in the third world: Proceedings of a round table on remittances and real estate investment by labor migrants, December 5-7, 1983, Poitiers. [Villes et migrations internationales de travail dans le tiers-monde: actes de la table-ronde Transferts de Revenus et Projets Immobiliers des Travailleurs Migrants, 5-7 decembre 1983, Poitiers.] Etudes Mediterraneennes, No. 6, 1984. 357 pp. Universite de Poitiers, Centre Universitaire d'Etudes Mediterraneennes: Poitiers, France. In Fre.
These are the proceedings of a round-table discussion on aspects of urbanization and international labor migration in developing countries held in Poitiers, France, in 1983. The first part concerns the transfer of resources from abroad to invest in urban property in the Maghrib and Portugal. The next part focuses on labor migration in the Middle East and its impact on urbanization. A final section deals with illegal migration and unplanned urbanization in the Caribbean.
Publisher's address: 95, Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France.
Location: New York Public Library.

53:30538 Smart, J. E. Worker circulation between Asia and the Middle East. Pacific Viewpoint, Vol. 27, No. 1, May 1986. 1-28, 92 pp. Wellington, New Zealand. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This paper presents an overview of a massive and relatively long-term system of international labour circulation. The labour markets at both ends of this system are examined and emphasis is placed on the complex manner in which demand factors in the oil-exporting countries of the Middle East intersect with supply factors in the major sending countries of Asia. Geographical, economic, social and political impacts are considered."
Author's address: Department of Sociology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
Location: New York Public Library.

53:30539 St. Hill, R. L. Trans-Tasman labour mobility: an economic model. New Zealand Population Review, Vol. 13, No. 1, May 1987. 4-18 pp. Wellington, New Zealand. In Eng.
In this study of labor migration between New Zealand and Australia, the author reviews economic models of migration and tests economic theories of migration. "Among other factors, economic motivations have been found to be important determinants of emigration from New Zealand to Australia. Return migration has been found to be an important component of emigration to New Zealand from Australia. This paper reports an attempt to confirm these results using cross-section data based on twenty-one occupational groups. Although the estimated model is quite simple it does support the results of time series analyses."
Author's address: Department of Agricultural Economics and Marketing, Lincoln College, Canterbury, New Zealand.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30540 Stanley, William D. Economic migrants or refugees from violence? A time-series analysis of Salvadoran migration to the United States. Latin American Research Review, Vol. 22, No. 1, 1987. 132-54 pp. Albuquerque, New Mexico. In Eng.
The author attempts to analyze the extent to which recent migration from El Salvador to the United States is motivated by economic factors or fears of violence. The data concern the period 1976-1984. The author uses a multivariate linear regression model to predict monthly variations in emigration based on indicators of political violence. The results suggest that political violence accounts for more than half of the variance in apprehensions of migrants from El Salvador since 1979.
Author's address: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

53:30541 Todaro, Michael P.; Maruszko, Lydia. Illegal migration and U.S. immigration reform: a conceptual framework. Population and Development Review, Vol. 13, No. 1, Mar 1987. 101-14, 190, 192 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This paper presents a conceptual framework for analyzing international illegal migration from developing countries. The model postulates that the decision to migrate is some function of the expected income differential between the home and destination countries, where this differential comprises not only home and destination wage and unemployment rates, but also two new variables unique to decisionmaking by illegal migrants--the probability of capture and deportation and the degree of wage discrimination against illegal workers....Through a simulation that reflects the current environment in which illegal migration from Mexico into the United States takes place, the model is used to evaluate the impact of the 1986 Simpson-Rodino Immigration Reform and Control Act...."
Author's address: Center for Policy Studies, Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30542 United Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs. Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs [CSDHA] (Vienna, Austria). The social situation of migrant workers and their families. Migrant Workers, No. 2; ST/ESA/189, Pub. Order No. E.86.IV.11. ISBN 92-1-130118-1. 1986. 63 pp. Vienna, Austria. In Eng.
This is the second in a series of papers on issues concerning migrant workers. The primary focus of this paper is on problems concerning the welfare of migrant workers and their families and on the measures being developed to resolve them. The geographic focus is worldwide.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30543 Vasegh-Daneshvary, Nasser; Schlottmann, Alan M.; Herzog, Henry W. Immigration of engineers, scientists, and physicians and the U.S. high technology renaissance. Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 68, No. 2, Jun 1987. 311-25 pp. Austin, Texas. In Eng.
"This study investigates immigration of the high technology and medical work force to the United States with particular emphasis on the period 1967-78. The results suggest that public policy in the United States toward immigration from developing nations significantly affects such behavior, in both a general sense and for specific occupations (particularly physicians and surgeons)."
Author's address: Department of Economics, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

53:30544 Weiner, Gerry. Immigration to the year 2000: a Canadian perspective. [Immigratie tot het jaar 2000: het Canadese beleid.] Bevolking en Gezin, No. 3, Dec 1986. 67-75 pp. Brussels, Belgium. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
The author discusses projected trends in international migration with a focus on the Canadian perspective. The importance of linking migration and development policies and coordinating policies among developed countries is stressed.
Correspondence: Chris Taylor, Policy Development Directorate, Employment and Immigration Canada, Ottawa, Hull, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30545 Widgren, Jonas. International migration: new challenges to Europe. Migration News, Vol. 36, No. 2, Apr-Jun 1987. 3-35 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng.
This report, which was commissioned by the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, is an overview of the situation concerning current and future trends in international migration in Europe. The most important components of the current scene are identified as "(i) persisting unemployment despite the economic recovery in Europe, (ii) the continued internationalisation of the national societies in conjunction with overt tendencies to xenophobia, (iii) the strengthening of European political and economic integration, and (iv) the increasing pressure for immigration from the third world."
Author's address: Under-Secretary of State for Immigration, Department of State, Stockholm, Sweden.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30546 Winsberg, Morton D. Emigration to the United States may dampen the population explosion in some nations. Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 71, No. 3, Apr 1987. 243-4 pp. Los Angeles, California. In Eng.
The author considers the extent to which immigration into the United States reduces population pressure in sending countries. Using official data for 1983, ratios are calculated of emigrants to the United States per 1,000 people added through natural increase for 25 developing countries. Evidence is found of reduced population pressure due to migration to the United States, particularly in selected Caribbean island countries.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

H.3. Internal Migration

53:30547 Arevalo, Jorge. Problems in the measurement of internal migration. [Problemas de la medicion de la migracion interna.] Notas de Poblacion, Vol. 14, No. 42, Dec 1986. 77-92 pp. Santiago, Chile. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"The paper analyzes some problems related to the census measurement of internal migration according to the three following aspects: The lack of agreement between the proposed objectives and the type of question made; questionnaire design errors and enumeration errors; and inadequate data elaboration." The geographic focus is on Latin America. Problems concerning data on place of birth or place of previous residence and how these can affect the calculation of migration trends are considered.
Author's address: U.N. Centro Latinoamericano de Demografia, Casilla 91, Santiago, Chile.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30548 Boudoul, J. Since 1975, interregional migrations have become less frequent. In: Referate zum deutsch-franzosischen Arbeitstreffen auf dem Gebiet der Demographie vom 30. September bis 3. Oktober 1985 in Dijon. Materialien zur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, No. 49, 1986. 19-24 pp. Bundesinstitut fur Bevolkerungsforschung: Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Eng.
Interregional migration in France since 1954 is reviewed, with a focus on the decrease of internal mobility between 1975 and 1982. Age-specific migration rates for several regions are discussed, and graphs of migration rates for the regions are furnished.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30549 Brown, Lawrence A.; Kodras, Janet E. Migration, human resource transfers, and development contexts: a logit analysis of Venezuelan data. Geographical Analysis, Vol. 19, No. 3, Jul 1987. 243-63 pp. Columbus, Ohio. In Eng.
"This paper is concerned with the reciprocal relationship between migration and development in Third World settings. Using individual-level data for Venezuela, migration behavior is related to a person's age, educational attainment, gender, and characteristics of his/her place(s) of residence as an out-migrant, in-migrant, or stayer. Place characteristics are in terms of four groups based on employment patterns: the core, regional centers, resource frontiers, and traditional rural areas....The primary data source for this research is 116,672 individual records of Venezuela's 1971 Census of Population...." The authors find that development does influence migration, that incipient polarization reversal is in evidence in Venezuela in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and that places with different development characteristics generate migration streams differing in type, magnitude, explanation, and impact. It is also found that "while migration undoubtedly influences development, how is not entirely clear."
Author's address: Department of Geography, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).

53:30550 Burke, Mary A. Interregional migration of the Canadian population. Canadian Social Trends, Autumn 1987. 17-25 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng.
Interregional migration trends in Canada since the 1930s and the economic conditions that influence migration are discussed. Official statistics for years up to 1986-1987 are used in the analysis. Separate consideration is given to Atlantic Canada, Quebec, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan, all characterized by out-migration; Ontario and British Columbia, characterized by in-migration; and Alberta, which has experienced fluctuations. The interregional migration of 1982 university and community college graduates is also discussed and is found to follow the migration patterns of the total population.
Author's address: Canadian Social Trends, 11th Floor, Jean Talon Building, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OT6, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

53:30551 Clark, W. A. V. Modeling mobility in the Dutch context: current issues and dilemmas. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie/Journal of Economic and Social Geography, Vol. 77, No. 5, 1986. 358-67 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
The author assesses recent research on modeling residential mobility. "The review and analysis in this article are designed to...examine the question of the trade off between theoretical concerns and policy relevance. The review emphasizes recent research in the Dutch housing market context....[Three critical issues are highlighted.] The first is the link between the aggregate and micro approaches. The second is the role of the interface between the studies of mobility and the larger demographic processes. And the third is the nature of the modeling strategies themselves. The last will lead quite naturally into the concluding remarks--the usefulness of modeling for policy makers."
Author's address: Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30552 Conim, Custodio N. P. S. International migration in Portugal--1981. [Migracoes internas em Portugal--1981.] Revista do Centro de Estudos Demograficos, No. 27, 1985. 7-42 pp. Lisbon, Portugal. In Por. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
Recent trends in internal migration in Portugal are analyzed using data from the 1981 census. The results indicate that 18.5 percent of the population live in a district or autonomous region other than the one in which they were born. This figure increases to 23 percent if those born overseas are included. The main migration flows are to the urban regions of Lisbon and Setubal and from the inland areas to the coastal region.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30553 Dean, K. G. The disaggregation of migration flows: the case of Britanny, 1975-1982. Regional Studies, Vol. 21, No. 4, Aug 1987. 313-25 pp. New York, New York/Cambridge, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
"In contrast to most inter-regional studies of migration, which have sought to illuminate total migratory flows or net migration through multiple regression analysis, this paper disaggregates inflows and outflows to reveal the characteristics of migrants in terms of gender, age, economic activity and occupation. This is done for Brittany [France] in the most recent inter-census period (1975-82) in order to elaborate and apply a descriptive model of counterurbanization based on six demographic facets. In terms of this model Brittany is found to be a fairly well-developed example. Implications for the conceptualization and explanation of counterurbanization trends are discussed."
Author's address: College of St. Mark and St. John, Derriford Road, Plymouth PL6 8BH, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).

53:30554 Fukurai, Hiroshi; Pick, James B.; Butler, Edgar W. Interstate migration in Mexico, 1979-80: a spatial analysis. Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 71, No. 4, Jul 1987. 312-22 pp. Los Angeles, California. In Eng.
"This paper examined 1979-80 interstate migration patterns in Mexico; it identified a set of states with similar migration patterns and examined socioeconomic characteristics of both origin and destination states of in-migrants. The residual dispersion pattern demonstrated the extent to which socioeconomic variables explained regional differences by showing unique clusters of unexplained residuals. A comparison of regions identified by cluster analysis and by residual dispersions showed similar spatial patterns for certain states suggesting that interstate regional patterns were closely related to socioeconomic factors."
Author's address: University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

53:30555 Goldstein, Alice; Goldstein, Sidney. Migration in China: methodological and policy challenges. Social Science History, Vol. 11, No. 1, Spring 1987. 85-104 pp. Durham, North Carolina. In Eng.
The authors describe the importance of migration in China's current efforts to modernize, including both permanent and temporary migration. China's policy concerning spatial distribution and migration is described, and the household registration system is outlined. Temporary and permanent migration trends are then examined, and policy and research implications are assessed.
Author's address: Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

53:30556 Grundy, Emily. Retirement migration and its consequences in England and Wales. Ageing and Society, Vol. 7, No. 1, Mar 1987. 57-82 pp. New York, New York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
Retirement migration in England and Wales is analyzed using data from the OPCS Longitudinal Study, which links sample data from the 1971 and 1981 censuses. Other official data are also used. The results show a decline in retirement migration over the decade. Differences in rates of migration among counties are analyzed by housing tenure, economic status, and social class.
Location: New York Public Library.

53:30557 Jagielski, Andrzej; Marcjanik, Ewa; Trzmielewski, Stanislaw. Regional migration: theoretical and methodological problems. Seminar papers, November 27-28, 1981. [Migracje regionalne--problemy teoretyczne i metodologiczne. Materialy seminarium 27-28 XI 1981 r.] Studia Geograficzne, No. 42, 1987. 163 pp. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wroclawskiego: Wroclaw, Poland. In Eng; Pol. with sum. in Fre; Rus.
These are the proceedings of a two-day seminar held in Wroclaw, Poland, in 1981 concerning aspects of regional migration in Poland. The 13 papers, one of which is in English, examine a number of theoretical and methodological issues on the study of migration.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30558 Jagielski, Andrzej. Spatial distribution of the population, migrations and socio-economic development. Oeconomica Polona, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1985. 317-34 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Eng.
"The paper discusses the role of migrations in the socio-economic development [of Poland in light of] theories of economic growth, social development, etc. It also refers to the recent historical experience of Poland in this field. In conclusion the author asserts that no definite and unequivocal relationships between migration and development could be proven to exist. In Poland, for example, despite the stimulating effects of various economic plans on migration neither a long-term policy of population redistribution nor migration policy were conceived of as parts of a general concept of socio-economic development...." Data are for 1952-1982.
This is a translation of the Polish article published in 1984 and cited in 51:20515.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30559 Kemper, Franz-Josef; Kuls, Wolfgang. The migration of elderly people to rural areas: the example of the northern part of Rhineland-Palatinate. [Wanderungen alterer Menschen im landlichen Raum: am Beispiel der nordlichen Landesteile von Rheinland-Pfalz.] Arbeiten zur Rheinischen Landeskunde, No. 54, ISBN 3-427-71541-8. 1986. x, 81, 8 pp. Ferdinand Dummlers: Bonn, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger. with sum. in Eng.
An analysis of retirement migration in the rural region of Rhineland-Palatinate, Federal Republic of Germany, is presented. The first part of the study is based on data from the regional information system and concerns macro-level aspects. It is shown that distance from urban areas and recreational infrastructure play a major role in influencing such migration. The second part contains a micro-level analysis based on interviews with 175 elderly migrants. The author develops the hypothesis that retirement migration to rural areas is not a homogenous process but consists of various types of migration based on the different migration experiences of individuals during their working lives.
Location: New York Public Library.

53:30560 Makarova, L. V.; Morozova, G. F.; Tarasova, N. V. Regional features of migration processes in the USSR. [Regional'nye osobennosti migratsionnykh protsessov v SSSR.] 1986. 119 pp. Nauka: Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
The authors analyze regional aspects of migration in the USSR. Chapters are included on methods of classification of territories and migration issues, directions of migration policy in eastern regions of the country, the stability of the rural population in central regions, increasing the mobility of the rural population in southern regions, and the relationship between migration processes and natural increase of the population.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30561 Mantra, Ida B. Lifetime migration in Indonesia based on 1971 and 1980 census data. Indonesian Journal of Geography, Vol. 14, No. 47, Jun 1984. 19-34 pp. Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In Eng.
Internal migration trends in Indonesia are reviewed using 1971 and 1980 census data. The author notes that although migration in 1971 was primarily to Jakarta and Lampung, by 1980 it was more diversified, with significant migration to some of the outer islands. The importance of the national transmigration program is noted.
Author's address: Population Studies Center, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30562 Menon, Ramdas. Job transfers: a neglected aspect of migration in Malaysia. International Migration Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, Spring 1987. 86-95 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"This article examines the incidence of [job-related] transfers in Malaysia. The retrospective migration data from the Malaysia Family Life Survey [conducted in 1976-1977] are used to demonstrate that transfers comprise 18 percent of all migration in the country and that there has been a rise in the incidence of transfers over a 35 year period. Factors underlying this trend are outlined. Furthermore, significant differences in age, educational attainment and other characteristics between transferees and other types of migrants are identified and their implications discussed."
Author's address: Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30563 Meyer, Judith W. A regional scale temporal analysis of the net migration patterns of elderly persons over time. Journal of Gerontology, Vol. 42, No. 4, Jul 1987. 366-75 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This study examined long-term elderly migration patterns [in the United States] at a regional scale in New England by addressing two questions: (a) Can the changes over time in migration experience for counties be generalized; and (b) What distinguishes counties with different types of migration patterns? Net migration rates were used to identify types of temporal migration patterns experienced by New England counties for their young (ages 65 through 74) and old (ages 75+) elderly populations during a 50-year period, 1930-1980....Four types of temporal patterns of net migration rates can be used to summarize the elderly migration [trends, namely,] positive rate, negative rate, (positive) turnaround, and miscellaneous. County characteristics that discriminate among the types suggest that positive-rate counties are long-standing recreation and retirement areas; negative-rate counties are the largest urban counties and the most rural, isolated ones; turnaround counties are those with with more recently developed recreation and retirement attractions; miscellaneous counties include suburban counties with a temporary increase in net migration during their growth spurts."
Location: Princeton University Library (SW).

53:30564 Minkov, Minko; Marinov, Ivan; Zlatanova, Valentina; Sugareva, Marta; Melamed, Yafa. Issues of migration and the standard of living in Strandzha-Sakar (using the example of the Malko Turnovo administrative region). [Problemi na migratsiyata i zhiznenoto ravnishche v Strandzha-Sakar (na primera na Malkot'rnovskata selishchna sistema).] Naselenie, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1987. 3-39 pp. Sofia, Bulgaria. In Bul. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
These are the results of a study on the relationship between living standards and migration in the Malko Turnovo administrative region of Bulgaria. The focus is on the need to develop the local infrastructure to attract settlers from other areas and the need to develop good relations between current residents and new in-migrants.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30565 Plane, David A. The geographic components of change in a migration system. Geographical Analysis, Vol. 19, No. 4, Oct 1987. 283-99 pp. Columbus, Ohio. In Eng.
"A method for deriving a set of geographic components of temporal change in a system of interregional flows is proposed and applied in an analysis of U.S. interstate migration in the early 1980s. Dynamic change in net migration is conceptualized to consist of system-growth, system-mobility, geographic mix, and competitive components. Hypotheses concerning the structural dynamics of migration systems are suggested, as are some implications for migration-modeling techniques."
Author's address: Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).

53:30566 Porto, Cornelia N.; Da Costa, Iraci del N.; Nozoe, Nelson H. Migratory movements in Brazil and their economic determinants (1872-1980). [Movimentos migratorios no Brasil e seus condicionantes economicos (1872-1980).] 1987. 170 pp. Fundacao Instituto de Pesquisas Economicas [FIPE]: Sao Paulo, Brazil. In Por.
The first section of this book is a review of Brazilian population changes, economic development, and migratory movements. The second part consists of eight chapters covering internal migratory movements between 1872 and 1960. Each chapter focuses on the migratory experiences of a different 10- or 20-year cohort. The third part examines recent migratory movements and the economic conditions that affect them. Particular attention is given to rural-urban migration.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30567 Ramin, Taghi. Interprovincial migration in Iran. Pub. Order No. DA8706774. 1986. 259 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This study focuses upon the trends and patterns of Iranian internal migration during the period 1966-1976, with a view to identifying the determinants and consequences of population movements. Estimates of migration for Iran's twenty-three provinces were obtained from the 1966 and 1976 censuses by using the census survival ratio method and the place of birth method....Migration data at the provincial level were used in a multiple regression framework in order to identify the factors that were responsible for internal population movements in Iran....The last phase of the study concerns the effect of migration on the population structure and income distribution in Iran. The following conclusions were reached: first, the degree of urbanization accelerated during the period 1966-1976. Second, migration affected mainly [young] adults. Third, internal migration affected the composition of manpower at both origin and destination. Finally, internal migration has produced significant negative changes in the distribution of income of Iran."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at New York University.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 47(12).

53:30568 Regmi, Argun B. An overview of internal migration in Nepal. Economic Journal of Nepal, Vol. 8, No. 3, Jul-Sep 1985. 59-68 pp. Kathmandu, Nepal. In Eng.
A summary of internal migration in Nepal is provided, with attention given to its history since the sixteenth century as well as its volume and patterns as recorded in census data for 1952-1954, 1961, 1971, and 1981. Economic and employment conditions as motivations for migration are considered.
Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.

53:30569 Schmidt, Charles G.; Lee, Yuk. Residential preferences in China. Geographical Review, Vol. 77, No. 3, Jul 1987. 318-27 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This study is an analysis of residential preferences of a sample of students at six Chinese universities. Respondents indicated the importance of site conditions in their residential preferences. Associations between conditions and choices were measured by regression and factor analyses. Implications for migration policies and regional development are discussed."
Author's address: University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80202.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

53:30570 Shaw, R. Paul. Fiscal versus traditional market variables in Canadian migration. Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 94, No. 3, Pt.1, Jun 1986. 648-66 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
"This paper evaluates the hypothesis that the influence of 'traditional' market variables on migration in Canada has diminished over time. This is attributed to a crowding-out process whereby growth of social security-type programs has cushioned the effects of, say, unemployment and thus motivation to migrate for jobs, and fiscal policies have exerted unintended effects. Implications are that market forces that would work naturally to induce migration from low to high-income regions (and thus equalize earned incomes) have been short-circuited and that traditional tools of manpower policy for influencing migration, such as job creation, skill enhancement, or wages, are less effective currently than they might have been in the past."
Author's address: Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

53:30571 Stillwell, John; Boden, Peter. Internal migration in the United Kingdom: characteristics and trends. School of Geography Working Paper, No. 470, Oct 1986. 42 pp. University of Leeds, School of Geography: Leeds, England. In Eng.
"Census transition and NHSCR [National Health Service Central Register] movement [data] are used to identify changes in levels of aggregate migration [in the United Kingdom]. Age-specific migration rates are analyzed using model migration schedules and the stability of the functional effect of distance on movement between 18 metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions in the UK is examined using spatial interaction models."
Publisher's address: School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30572 Suchta, Jerzy. The migration of population from farms and productive factors in agriculture. [Migracja ludnosci z indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych a czynniki wytworcze w rolnictwie.] Studia Demograficzne, No. 1/87, 1987. 17-30 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The author examines the movement of agricultural workers away from farms in Poland using survey data for the years 1978-1983 as well as official statistics. The impact of this out-migration on aspects of agricultural production--land, labor, and capital equipment--is also studied. Attention is given to changes in average farm size and to the degree to which technological improvement in agricultural production is compensating for a declining labor force.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

H.4. Settlement and Resettlement

53:30573 Bolzman, Claudio; Musillo, Italo. Asylum in Switzerland. Some aspects of refugee migration. [L'asile en Suisse. Quelques aspects de la migration de refugies.] Studi Emigrazione/Etudes Migrations, Vol. 24, No. 86, Jun 1987. 206-20 pp. Rome, Italy. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"Switzerland is the European country which, after Sweden, has received the highest number of refugees (30,000) in proportion to its population. Asylum seekers have increased considerably since 1979. They are coming mostly from Third World, politically unsettled countries. The essay presents the results of a survey conducted in Geneva on a sample of 549 asylum seekers assisted by public welfare agencies from 1974 to 1983. These refugees belong to the younger age bracket of the active population. About half of them have completed their secondary or tertiary education. But their professional, social and cultural adjustment poses some problems. The vast majority of them, in fact, are employed in unqualified occupations in the tertiary sectors."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30574 Desbarats, Jacqueline. Population redistribution in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Population and Development Review, Vol. 13, No. 1, Mar 1987. 43-76, 189, 191 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This article analyzes the post-1975 population redistribution program in Vietnam. After examining the goals and instruments of the program, it evaluates its demographic and geographic efficiency, and its social and economic costs. Information on interprovincial migration flows derived from the daily reports of the Foreign Broadcast Information Service is analyzed separately for the periods before and after the Sixth Party Plenum (1979). Results indicate that the decongestion of Southern cities took place mainly in the first period, that later population movements served mostly to alleviate excessive demographic pressures in a few Northern provinces, and that the outmovement of Southern urbanites to New Economic Zones has been largely offset by an influx of Northerners into Southern cities and by substantial return migration from the NEZs."
Author's address: State Ministry of Population and Environment, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30575 Kebschull, Dietrich. Transmigration in Indonesia: an empirical analysis of motivation, expectations and experiences. ISBN 3-87895-314-3. 1986. 162 pp. Verlag Weltarchiv: Hamburg, Germany, Federal Republic of; HWWA-Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung: Hamburg, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Eng.
The author assesses the transmigration program in Indonesia, which is designed to reallocate population from the densely populated islands of Java, Madura, and Bali to outer islands such as Kalimantan. The study is based on interviews with migrants both before and after migration. The role of transmigration in Indonesian development policy is first described. Next, the characteristics of transmigrants are examined. Finally, the successes and failures of transmigration are reviewed.
Location: New York Public Library.

53:30576 Peters, Gary L. Migration decision-making among the Vietnamese in Southern California. Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 71, No. 4, Jul 1987. 280-6 pp. Los Angeles, California. In Eng.
"This study assesses why Vietnamese immigrants resettle in selected areas of Southern California. Vietnamese immigrants base their destination choices within the United States on the same factors as other Americans." The study is based on a sample of 466 Vietnamese household heads residing in Long Beach and Westminster, California. "Destinations were explained partly in terms of such general factors as climate, jobs, and neighborhoods. However, specific personal ties and sponsorship play a central role in the selection of these Southern California communities."
Author's address: California State University, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, CA 90840.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

H.5. Temporary Migration

53:30577 Brochmann, Grete. Escape route to dependency? Female migration from Sri Lanka to the Middle East. Asian and Pacific Population Forum, Vol. 1, No. 3, May 1987. 14-20 pp. Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng.
The author examines trends and characteristics of female labor migration from Sri Lanka to the Middle East. The conditions and policies that have led to temporary female migration as well as the effects on the sending communities are analyzed. Data are based on observation and interviews of female migrants from Colombo, most of whom are married, Sinhalese, and Buddhist city dwellers; and females from Hambantota, most of whom are married, Muslim, and live in villages.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30578 Domenach, Herve; Picouet, Michel. The character of reversibility in the study of migration. [Le caractere de reversibilite dans l'etude de la migration.] Population, Vol. 42, No. 3, May-Jun 1987. 469-83 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Consideration of the concepts of spatial mobility has made the criterion 'change of residence' obsolete, in the study of various forms of contemporary migration. The introduction of the concept of eventual 'reversibility of migration' has made it possible to make greater use of the concept of 'life space'....The authors attempt to relate this 'life space' to the notion of 'home base'. They can thus define various types of flow that were not covered when the concept of 'change of residence' was used. In particular, the introduction of the 'eventual reversibility of migration' renders the dichotomy between temporary and definitive moves obsolete, although the precise nature of this 'reversibility' remains to be defined." The geographic focus is on developing countries.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30579 Hill, John K. Immigrant decisions concerning duration of stay and migratory frequency. Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 25, No. 1, Feb 1987. 221-34 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The temporary and repetitive character of contemporary labor migration is explained by assuming that immigrants have a preference for location. A life-cyle model of immigrant behavior is developed to determine net lifetime income, total time allocated to home-country and foreign-country residence, and the number of migratory trips. Because of income effects, home wages and foreign wages are not symmetric in their effect on the location of work effort. It is also shown that changes in travelling costs have predictable consequences for the number of border crossings, but not for the total time spent in the foreign labor market." The emphasis is on labor migration to developed countries.
Author's address: Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Dallas, TX 75222.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

53:30580 Standing, Guy. Labour circulation and the urban labour process. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie/Journal of Economic and Social Geography, Vol. 77, No. 5, 1986. 389-98 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
The author investigates aspects of labor circulation, which he defines as "temporary movement between geographical areas for work or in search of work....[He attempts to determine] what roles have been played by labour circulation in the development of urban-industrial labour forces in the transition to industrial capitalism." Factors considered include the exploitation and oppression of labor migrants; the industrial-urban labor reserve; urban socioeconomic stratification and discrimination by age, sex, or race; the division of labor; and policy options.
Author's address: International Labour Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30581 White, Stephen E. Return migration to eastern Kentucky and the stem family concept. Growth and Change, Vol. 18, No. 2, Spring 1987. 38-52 pp. Lexington, Kentucky. In Eng.
"This research provides a conceptual framework--based on the stem family concept--with which to explore the cyclical nature of return migration to Eastern Kentucky. A generalized six-phase migration model is developed within a stem family/diffusion context to explain how the socioeconomic characteristics of return migrants have varied in response to economic changes outside Appalachia. The role of awareness space on channeling migration flows is also examined." The data concern 119 households and were collected in 1982.
Author's address: Department of Geography, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

H.6. Rural-Urban Migration

53:30582 Clark, W. A. V. School desegregation and white flight: a reexamination and case study. Social Science Research, Vol. 16, No. 3, Sep 1987. 211-28 pp. Duluth, Minnesota. In Eng.
"The controversy over white flight and its effect on central city population composition [in the United States] grew out of an earlier controversy over the role of busing and its use to desegregate urban schools. Now, there is general agreement that white school enrollment losses do occur in school systems when there is mandatory busing for integration purposes, where there are large minority populations, accessible white suburbs, and when the busing program is district-wide. Although there is general agreement on the existence of white flight, there is less agreement on the temporal nature of that flight. The recent debate is related to conflicting models of white flight. This paper suggests a more clearly specified model to examine the temporal effects of white flight, and examines some specific impacts of white flight in a case study of Norfolk, Virginia....The results of the analysis of the public use data set show that the 'suburbanward' movement of households is disproportionately white, and where the proportion of black moves is greater, it is largely 'overspill' from central city black residential areas."
Author's address: Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

53:30583 Das Gupta, Monica. Informal security mechanisms and population retention in rural India. Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 36, No. 1, Oct 1987. 101-20 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
"The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of traditional security mechanisms in raising the opportunity cost of rural-urban migration in rural India. The security takes the form of institutional access to community resources as well as to the personal property resources of those owning land. However, it is also found that, over time, there has been an erosion in the access to these resources. Thus, on the one hand, it appears that the flow of rural poor into urban slums might accelerate in coming years. On the other hand, there are a number of rural development projects in operation that seek to generate income-earning opportunities in the villages. It remains to be seen whether these efforts succeed in keeping the rate of rural-urban migration low." The data were collected in 1984 and 1985 from "two Indian villages (one prosperous and one poor) as well as from households in three shanty towns in Delhi...."
Author's address: National Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPIA).

53:30584 Diez Nicolas, Juan; Alvira Martin, Francisco. Population movements in Spanish urban areas. [Movimientos de poblacion en areas urbanas espanolas.] Serie: Monografias, No. 18, ISBN 84-7433-375-X. 1985. 666 pp. Centro de Estudios de Ordenacion del Territorio y Medio Ambiente [CEOTMA]: Madrid, Spain. In Spa.
Population movement in urban areas of Spain is analyzed. Data were obtained in 1979-1981 from interviews with individuals aged 18 years and over living in 19 municipalities and their surrounding areas; approximately 3,500 to 4,500 individuals in each municipality were questioned. Chapters are included on theoretical survey framework and methodology, as well as recurrent intra-urban and interurban movement. These chapters are followed by a bibliography and 12 appendixes. In the second part of the volume, data from each of the 19 municipal areas are analyzed individually.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30585 Ercilasun, Mustafa. Family migration decision making in a rural urban setting: the case of Turkey, 1974-1978. Pub. Order No. DA8708613. 1987. 117 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This study investigates the process of family migration in Turkey within the rural-urban setting and extends the 'Human Capital Theory of Migration' using a 'hedonic' approach to wage determination in locational equilibrium. It recognizes the fact that migration from rural to urban areas involves an occupational change as well as an employment change....It is found that the constraint of village origin reduces the probability of migration by 9 percentage points compared with urban origin, and by 5 percentage points compared with town origin....A village-to-urban move requires an 8 percent larger earning differential than a village-to-village move, and a village-to-town move requires a 24 percent earning differential over a village-to-village move. In addition to the agrarian aspects of migration, the interrupted age-earnings profile of migrants is investigated."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the State University of New York, Binghamton.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 47(12).

53:30586 Gupta, Manash R. Rural-urban migration and urban unemployment: a note. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 34, No. 3, Aug 1987. 295-305 pp. Harlow, England. In Eng.
This note presents an extension of the Harris-Todaro approach to the analysis of employment among migrants to urban areas, in which the random-selection procedure is replaced by a recruitment policy that gives preference to persons according to duration of job search. The objective is to examine whether such a policy could help relieve the unemployment problem resulting from rural-urban migration. The study is confined to the theoretical aspects only.
Author's address: University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

53:30587 Khan, Najma. Pattern of rural outmigration (a micro level study). ISBN 81-7018-353-7. LC 86-901835. 1986. 180 pp. B. R. Publishing: Delhi, India. Distributed by D. K. Publishers' Distributors, New Delhi, India. In Eng.
An attempt is made to study the nature and pattern of out-migration from rural areas in India using data from a survey carried out in Uttar Pradesh involving 479 out-migrants. Various chapters deal with study methodology, the general background concerning the area studied, migrant characteristics, and the differences between migrants and nonmigrants. A chapter is also included on direction of migration, size of urban center, duration of absence, occupation prior to migration, sources of information about employment, and employment at place of destination, as well as contacts with place of origin.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

53:30588 Mazur, Robert E. Reversal of migration in the labor reserves of Zimbabwe? Prospects for change. Studies in Comparative International Development, Vol. 21, No. 4, Winter 1986-1987. 55-87 pp. New Brunswick, New Jersey. In Eng.
Changing patterns of migration in Zimbabwe over time are reviewed, with particular reference to rural-urban migration and the government's efforts to slow out-migration from rural areas. The author notes that the recently established resettlement schemes are achieving a level of success in lowering rates of out-migration. However, he also observes that adequate credit for the purchase of equipment and cattle is necessary if out-migration is to be reduced.
Author's address: Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

53:30589 Singh, J. P. Marital status differentials in rural to city migration in India. Genus, Vol. 42, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1986. 89-106 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ita.
The author examines marital status among rural-to-urban migrants in the Indian states of Bihar, West Bengal, and Kerala using 1971 census data. It is found that migrants are more likely to be single and male and that married female migrants outnumber married males. "However, these differences by sex are much less marked in Kerala than in Bihar and West Bengal. Married migrants tend to migrate alone rather than with their family in Bihar and West Bengal, while in Kerala family migration is more common than individual migration."
Author's address: Department of Sociology, University of Patna, Patna 800005, Bihar State, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

53:30590 Walsh, A. Crosbie. Migration and urbanization in Papua New Guinea: the 1980 census. NSO Research Monograph, No. 5, Feb 1987. ix, 138 pp. National Statistical Office: Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. In Eng.
This is the fifth in a series presenting data from the 1980 census of Papua New Guinea. The report is descriptive rather than analytical in nature and concentrates on the available data concerning migration and urbanization. Chapters are included on the towns, the urban system, urban growth, and selected urban characteristics; urban migration, including the volume of migration and migrant characteristics; and urbanization and urban migration.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).