53:30118 Anderson,
Barbara A.; Silver, Brian D. The changing shape of Soviet
mortality, 1958-1985: an evaluation of old and new evidence.
Population Studies Center Research Report, No. 87-111, Jun 1987. 25,
[11] pp. University of Michigan, Population Studies Center: Ann Arbor,
Michigan. In Eng.
The authors examine recently released mortality
data for the Soviet Union for the 1980s. They find that "most
significant is the new life table for 1984-85, which shows that
mortality of Soviet females improved below age 45 and deteriorated
above age 45 since the last age-specific mortality data were published
in the early 1970s, while mortality of males improved below age 25 and
deteriorated above age 25. At the same time, the official mortality
rates for persons above age 60 in 1958-59, 1968-71, and 1984-85 are
implausibly low, as shown by comparisons with rates at younger ages in
the Soviet Union and with the rates over the life span for Sweden and
Hungary. As a result, even though the reported increases in mortality
for both sexes above age 60 may be mostly due to improving data
quality, the official mortality rates above age 60 in 1984-85 probably
understate the actual rates."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30119 Bernabeu
Mestre, Josep; Lopez Pinero, Jose M. Factors affecting
mortality between 1800 and 1930: hygiene, health, and
environment. [Condicionantes de la mortalidad entre 1800 y 1930:
higiene, salud y medio ambiente.] Boletin de la Asociacion de
Demografia Historica, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1987. 70-9 pp. Madrid, Spain. In
Spa.
The authors review the literature concerning mortality in
Spain between 1800 and 1930. They discuss such subjects as factors
involved in the influenza epidemic of 1918-1919, the principal causes
of death, and infant mortality and the socioeconomic factors involved.
They conclude with a section on semantic problems involved in
describing causes of death.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30120 Bidegain,
Gabriel. The history and future of life expectancy in
Venezuela. [Historia y futuro de la esperanza de vida venezolana.]
Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas y Sociales Documento de
Trabajo, No. 26, Jul 1986. 34 pp. Universidad Catolica Andres Bello,
Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas y Sociales: Caracas, Venezuela.
In Spa.
Trends in life expectancy in Venezuela are examined. The
author has reviewed 289 life tables for Venezuela. Differences among
the tables and the methods used to construct them are outlined.
Changes in the expectation of life at birth since 1936 are traced, and
some projections for the future are offered. Differences according to
sex, rural or urban residence, and geographic area are noted. The
impact of improvements in sanitary conditions on life expectancy is
considered.
Publisher's address: Urb. Montalban, La Vega, Apartado
29068, Caracas 1021, Venezuela.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30121
Bouvier-Colle, M. H. Mortality and occupation:
theoretical problems and concrete illustrations. [Mortalite et
profession: problemes theoriques et illustration concrete.] Revue
d'Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique/Epidemiology and Public Health,
Vol. 34, No. 4-5, 1986. 269-79 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in
Eng.
"This article reviews the methods generally used when studying
occupational mortality. First the different schemes of collecting data
are cited; secondly, all the indexes (PMR, SMR, standardisation by
direct method, etc.) that can be employed in this kind of analysis are
studied, and each of them is critically evaluated. Finally, in order
to compare the advantages of SMR over the effects of direct
standardisation, these two indexes are combined in a brief study of the
most recent data in France concerning occupational mortality. In
illustration, an analysis is made of the most common causes of male
deaths in 1982, among farmers, engineers, artists, teachers and those
in the liberal professions."
Author's address: INSERM U164, Unite
de Recherche sur l'Evaluation de l'Etat de Sante et des Systemes de
Soins et de Prevention, 44 Chemin de Ronde, F78110 Le Vesinet,
France.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, MD.
53:30122 Cohn,
Raymond L. The determinants of individual immigrant
mortality on sailing ships, 1836-1853. Explorations in Economic
History, Vol. 24, No. 4, Oct 1987. 371-91 pp. Duluth, Minnesota. In
Eng.
The determinants of mortality on immigrant ships coming to the
United States in the mid-nineteenth century are investigated using
logit analysis and data from New York port records concerning 28,000
individuals, of whom 435 died. "Results show that the voyage increased
mortality most at younger ages, especially among infants. Mortality
also varied significantly by port of origin but mortality was not
significantly affected by sex or country of origin. Finally, mortality
was found to vary by socioeconomic class...."
Author's address:
Department of Economics, Illinois State University, Normal, IL
61761.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
53:30123 Del Panta,
Lorenzo. Factors and conditions of mortality between 1800
and 1930: hygiene, health, and environment. The situation in
Italy. [Fattori e condizioni della mortalita tra 1800 e 1930:
igiene, salute e ambiente. La situazione in Italia.] Boletin de la
Asociacion de Demografia Historica, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1987. 41-69 pp.
Madrid, Spain. In Ita.
The author reviews the literature and
examines medical, hygienic, and nutritional factors affecting mortality
in Italy before and after the initiation of the modern decline in
mortality. He also discusses trends toward lower mortality in the
period following the uniting of the country in 1860, the continuation
of geographic differences, and possible interpretive
hypotheses.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30124
Dissanayake, D. M. S. S. L. Decomposition of life
expectancy change: a new approach. Demographic Training and
Research Unit Working Paper, No. 6, Apr 1987. 12 pp. University of
Colombo, Demographic Training and Research Unit: Colombo, Sri Lanka. In
Eng.
The author develops a method for decomposing life expectancy
change and compares it with two earlier methods. "This approach is
developed to measure the contribution of mortality change at each age
group to the total change in life expectancy. The formulae given here
can be adapted to measure changes with respect to times, region, sex or
any other population sub group." The approach is applied to data from
Sri Lanka for the years 1971-1979.
Publisher's address: P.O. Box
1490, University of Colombo, Colombo 3, Sri
Lanka.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30125 Fargues,
Philippe. The seasonality of urban mortality in Africa:
deaths in Bamako from 1974 to 1985. [Les saisons et la mortalite
urbaine en Afrique: les deces a Bamako de 1974 a 1985.] INED Dossiers
et Recherches, No. 12, Sep 1987. 38 pp. Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
Trends in mortality in Bamako, Mali, from 1974 to 1985 are
examined, with attention to age and seasonal differentials and causes
of death. Data concerning 55,000 deaths registered at Bamako's Hygiene
Office are analyzed. "There is no evidence of any increase in mortality
due to dramatic droughts encountered by the region in the 1970's and
1980's. On the contrary, a downward trend appears, showing that
African capitals are now well sheltered from the huge fluctuations in
food production affecting their hinterland. But this decline, although
strong, has remained discontinuous. Occasional returns to high
mortality are associated with epidemics always occurring at the same
time of year: the hot months at the end of the dry season. Thus, the
mean profile of mortality is marked by strong seasonal variations."
Evidence is also found of differentials in infant mortality by month of
birth. Cross-sectional and cohort analyses of mortality due to measles
are included.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30126 Feshbach,
Murray. A compendium of Soviet health statistics. CIR
Staff Paper, No. 5, Jan 1985. iii, 87 pp. U.S. Bureau of the Census,
Center for International Research: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This
compendium of Soviet health statistics, compiled from Soviet sources,
includes tables on number of deaths and death rates, 1960-1982;
age-specific death rates; death rates by age and sex, 1960-1961 to
1973-1974; and causes of death, 1966-1967 to
1971-1972.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30127 Ge Rondi,
Carla. Concerning differences in male and female life
expectancy in Italy. [Sulle variazioni della vita media maschile e
femminile in Italia.] Statistica, Vol. 45, No. 2, Apr-Jun 1985. 251-64
pp. Bologna, Italy. In Ita. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
This citation
corrects the information on the author's name as provided in 52:10167.
The author assesses methods of estimating mortality rates of males and
females in Italy during the nineteenth century. Of the methods
discussed, Arriaga's index of relative change is considered the most
suitable. Two methods for determining the contribution of mortality
changes in different age groups to total change in life expectancy are
outlined.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30128 Gravelle,
H. S. E.; Backhouse, M. E. International cross-section
analysis of the determination of mortality. Social Science and
Medicine, Vol. 25, No. 5, 1987. 427-41 pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford,
England. In Eng.
"An essential ingredient in the evaluation of
policies concerning health services is knowledge of the impact of
health services and other factors on the health of the population. One
method for obtaining this information is from the regression analysis
of international cross-section data on mortality rates, health service
provision, income levels, consumption patterns, and other variables
hypothesised to affect population health. The investigation of the
determinants of population health is in many ways akin to the
estimation of production functions which describe the relationship
between the output of goods or services and the mix of inputs used in
their production. The purpose of this paper is to use this analogy to
discuss, and provide examples of, the problems which arise with the
statistical investigation of mortality rates. Issues raised include
simultaneous equation bias, multicollinearity, selection of explanatory
variables, omitted variable bias, definition and measurement of
variables, functional forms, lagged relationships and temporal
stability. These problems are illustrated by replication and
re-analysis, using new data, of the well known study by Cochrane, St.
Leger and Moore."
Author's address: Economics Department, Queen
Mary College, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS,
England.
For the article by A. L. Cochrane et al., published in
1978, see 46:1171.
Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
53:30129 Humblet, P.
C.; Lagasse, R.; Moens, G. F. G.; Wollast, E.; van de Voorde,
H. Avoidable mortality in Belgium. [La mortalite
evitable en Belgique.] Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 25, No. 5,
1987. 485-93 pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford, England. In Fre. with sum.
in Eng.
"The concept of avoidable mortality leads to an attempt at
using specific mortality rates [SMR] as output measures of health
services. The analysis covered 43 Belgian districts between the years
of 1974 and 1978. Two Belgian areas were compared along a dimension
defined by two axes of a correspondence factor analysis: Flanders
which is associated with low SMR of avoidable mortality and Wallonia
which has high rates. The persistence of high mortality in Wallonia
was confirmed. Factorial scores for each district were used as indexes
for geographical heterogeneity. Variations in these indices, including
patient consultation rates and technical medical procedures, remained
even after adjustment for socio-economic differences."
Author's
address: Laboratoire d'Epidemiologie et de Medecine Sociale, Ecole de
Sante Publique, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels,
Belgium.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:30130 Hussmanns,
Ralf. Mortality trends in the Federal Republic of Germany
by sex, age, and cause of death: an international comparison of
development up to the present and projections of future trends.
[Sterblichkeitsentwicklung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland nach
Geschlecht, Alter und Todesursache: bisheriger Verlauf im
internationalen Vergleich und Vorausschatzungen kunftiger
Entwicklungstendenzen.] 1987. [xxiv], 270, [40] pp. Bundesinstitut fur
Bevolkerungsforschung: Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger.
Mortality trends in the Federal Republic of Germany are analyzed by
sex, age, and cause of death for the period from the 1950s to the early
1980s. The data are from official sources. Comparisons are also made
with trends in nine other European countries, the United States, and
Japan. The results are then used to develop six variant projections of
sex- and age-specific mortality in the Federal Republic of Germany up
to the year 2000.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:30131 Johansson,
S. Ryan; Mosk, Carl. Exposure, resistance and life
expectancy: disease and death during the economic development of
Japan, 1900-1960. Population Studies, Vol. 41, No. 2, Jul 1987.
207-35 pp. London, England. In Eng.
Mortality trends in Japan from
1900 to 1960 are analyzed. The authors note that although mortality
was relatively high in 1900, life expectancy did not subsequently
increase as standards of living rose. However, even though the economy
was partially destroyed in World War II, life expectancy increased
rapidly after the war ended. "The analysis of these...trends is
undertaken by means of an historical model of mortality change in which
life expectancy is interpreted as the function of both the relative
overall resistance of the population to disease, and the degree to
which it was protected from exposure to the leading causes of death.
It is argued that the early and late Japanese achievements of
relatively high life expectancy at relatively low levels of income
rested on the government's efficient delivery of a very high level of
protection from exposure to disease. The middle period, 1910 to 1940,
represented a relative failure of protection due to the concentration
of financial resources on the military sector....The post-war period
involved a return to higher levels of investment in public health
during a period of technological progress and structural shifts which
enhanced the efficiency of such investment."
Author's address:
Group in Demography, University of California, 2234 Piedmont Avenue,
Berkeley, CA 94720.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:30132 Lombardo,
Enzo. Mortality at the end of the sixteenth century
according to the data of Jean Hudde. [La mortalita alla fine del
XVI secolo secondo i dati di Jean Hudde.] Bollettino di Demografia
Storica, No. 4, 1987. 43-58 pp. Florence, Italy. In Ita.
The author
presents survival probability and mortality information for Holland in
the late sixteenth century based on life annuity data for the years
1586-1590, examined by Jean Hudde and discussed in a letter he wrote in
1671 to Christiaan Huygens.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30133
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (New York, New
York). New high for expectation of life. Statistical
Bulletin, Vol. 68, No. 3, Jul-Sep 1987. 8-14 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
Trends in expectation of life at birth in the United States
are examined using official data for the years 1900-1986. Sex and
ethnic group differentials in life expectancy are observed. It is
noted that "expectation of life at birth for the total resident
population of the United States established an all-time high of 75.0
years in 1986...."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:30134 Mitra,
S. A measure of mortality based on life expectancies.
Janasamkhya, Vol. 4, No. 2, Dec 1986. 115-21 pp. Kariavattom, India. In
Eng.
"Two alternative measures of mortality have been proposed in
this paper. These are (a) the average age of the stationary
population, and (b) the area covered by the life expectancy function.
The former has been shown to be equal to the average number of years
remaining to be lived by the stationary population and as such can be
used as a measure of mortality....The usefulness of the latter is also
obvious, based as it is on the values of the life expectancies at all
ages instead of that at birth alone." The measures are estimated for
seven selected countries.
Author's address: Emory University,
Atlanta, GA 30322.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:30135 Muhsam, H.
V. Mortality, population fluctuations and the nuclear
danger. European Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne de
Demographie, Vol. 2, No. 3-4, May 1987. 219-23 pp. Amsterdam,
Netherlands. In Eng.
The author considers recent reversals in
downward mortality trends and the risks involved in nuclear energy,
expressing concern over prospects for mortality developments in the
future.
Author's address: Hebrew University, Jerusalem,
Israel.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30136 Murray,
Christopher J. L. A critical review of international
mortality data. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 25, No. 7, 1987.
773-81 pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
The author
assesses and compares the quality of mortality data contained in five
U.N. and World Bank publications: "the U.N. Demographic Yearbook,
World Population Prospects, World Development Report, World Population
Trends and Policies Monitoring Report, and World Population. Within
these statistical publications, life expectancy and the infant
mortality rate are available for nearly every country each year.
However, recent empirical information on mortality in most developing
[countries] exists only for a handful of countries. The estimates
published in the World Development Report and World Population
Prospects are based on old empirical data updated with assumed rates of
improvement in mortality. Neither of these sources provides technical
notes explaining the original data source, estimation technique, and
updating model used. Fortunately, two sources, the World Population
Trends and Policies Monitoring Report and World Population, publish
only empirically based data clearly identifying source, year of
applicability, and estimation technique."
Author's address: Merton
College, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 4JD,
England.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:30137 Nam,
Charles B.; Myers, George C. Introduction: an overview of
mortality patterns and their policy implications. Population
Research and Policy Review, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1987. 97-104 pp. Dordrecht,
Netherlands. In Eng.
This is an introduction to six articles on
mortality patterns that provide "a few illustrations of the conceptual,
methodological, and policy developments that have been taking place
with regard to studies of mortality." The geographic scope includes
developing and industrialized countries.
Author's address: Center
for the Study of Population, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
32306-4063.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30138 Olshansky,
S. Jay. Simultaneous/multiple cause-delay (SIMCAD): an
epidemiological approach to projecting mortality. Journal of
Gerontology, Vol. 42, No. 4, Jul 1987. 358-65 pp. Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
"Methods being used to project mortality are based on the
hypothetical elimination of one or more diseases from the population or
on extrapolation from observed mortality rates. This research presents
an alternative projection method based on an epidemiological theory of
aging and mortality change that is consistent with recent mortality
transitions. The model is founded on the observation that recent
mortality declines in the United States are attributable to improved
life styles and advances in the prevention and treatment of
degenerative diseases and that the risk of dying from such diseases is
being redistributed (or delayed) from younger to older ages. A test
using U.S. mortality and population data indicates that this
alternative method is promising--particularly for projecting mortality
rates from major chronic degenerative diseases among populations in
middle and older ages." Results of the methodology's application to
data for white U.S. women from 1960 to 1978 are given, and results for
other race and sex groups are discussed.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SW).
53:30139 Rizgalla,
M. K. Population of the Sudan and its regions: some
aspects of mortality indices in the Sudan. PSC Project Paper, No.
2, Mar 1987. 17 pp. University of Gezira, Faculty of Economics and
Rural Development, Population Studies Centre: Wad Medani, Sudan. In
Eng.
The author discusses problems associated with the estimation
of mortality in the Sudan, with the aim of determining "the level of
mortality rates at different ages, the extent [to which] these rates
are affected by the extension of health facilities and other
development programmes, and what remedial measures should be adopted."
The reliability of 1973 census and 1979 Sudan Fertility Survey data is
discussed; Coale-Demeny life tables are used to prepare estimates. The
study focuses on infant and child mortality and related sex and
geographic factors, as well as sanitary and socioeconomic conditions.
Comparisons are made with estimated infant mortality rates for selected
other countries. Through indirect estimates it is found that "about
140 out of one thousand live births die within their first year of life
and that out of those who do survive only 85 percent live to celebrate
their second birthday."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30140 Sheri,
Fiqiri. Regional distribution of life expectancy for the
Albanian people. [Mbi ndryshimet gjeografiko-territoriale te
zgjatjes mesatare te jetes se popullit tone.] Studime Gjeografike, No.
1, 1985. 193-206 pp. Tirane, Albania. In Alb. with sum. in Fre.
Recent changes in life expectancy in Albania are analyzed by sex
and region for the period 1950-1979. Data are from official sources,
including the 1979 census. The analysis indicates that average life
expectancy had reached 69.2 years in 1978-1979. The author attributes
this improvement and the relative homogeneity in life expectancy among
regions to the country's successful efforts at socioeconomic
development.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress,
Washington, D.C.
53:30141 Swerdlow,
A. J. 150 years of Registrar Generals' medical
statistics. Population Trends, No. 48, Summer 1987. 20-6 pp.
London, England. In Eng.
"The Registrar General has collected
national mortality data for England and Wales from death certification
since mid 1837. This article outlines the history of these and other
OPCS medical statistics, and illustrates some uses of the mortality
data to examine long-term trends in cause-specific mortality."
Consideration is given to changes in the range of data collected over
time and in the types of analysis available.
Author's address:
Medical Statistics Division, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys,
London, England.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:30142 United
Nations. Economic Commission for Africa [ECA] (Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia). Mortality levels, patterns, trends and
differentials in Africa. African Population Studies Series, No. 8;
E/ECA/SER.A/7, 1985. iv, 152 pp. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In Eng.
Mortality levels, patterns, trends, and differentials in Africa are
analyzed. The data concern 12 African countries only and are from
censuses and surveys carried out in the 1960s and 1970s, together with
medical statistical records, where available. The analysis is
presented separately for Eastern Africa (Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, and
Zambia), Western Africa (Gambia, Ghana, Liberia, and Sierra Leone), and
Northern Africa (Egypt, Morocco, Sudan, and Tunisia). Abridged life
tables are provided by sex for each of the countries
considered.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30143 United
States. Massachusetts. Department of Public Health (Boston,
Massachusetts). Massachusetts mortality chart book,
1969-1971 and 1979-1981: age/sex-specific mortality rates. Pub.
Order No. 1M-06-85-805381. Aug 1985. 69 pp. Boston, Massachusetts. In
Eng.
"The purposes of this [report] are to compare the patterns of
mortality in Massachusetts at the beginning and end of the past decade
and to compare Massachusetts' mortality profile with that of the United
States as a whole." The information is organized into three parts.
First, "age- and sex-specific death rates for Massachusetts are
reported...for 69 and 72 selected causes of death for the years
1969-1971 and 1979-1981 respectively. In Part 2, tables are presented
which show age- and sex-specific rates for the two time periods, as
well as the percent change for each age/sex group for each cause of
death. Part 3 utilizes data from NCHS [U.S. National Center for Health
Statistics] and Massachusetts to determine Massachusetts/U.S. ratios
for age-specific death rates."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30144 Vaupel,
James W.; Yashin, Anatoli I. Targeting lifesaving:
demographic linkages between population structure and life
expectancy. European Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne de
Demographie, Vol. 2, No. 3-4, May 1987. 335-60 pp. Amsterdam,
Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Four different analytical
approaches are used in the paper to analyze the demographic linkages
between population structure and life expectancy: the
comparative-statics approach, the dynamics approach, computer
simulation, and a novel method that we call the 'second-chance'
approach. The paper provides some discussion and illustration of the
strengths, weaknesses, and interrelationships among these alternative
methods of demographic analysis." It is shown that "life expectancy in
a heterogeneous population can be increased by lowering mortality rates
or by averting deaths at different ages, from different causes, or for
different groups, as well as by changing the proportions of individuals
in various risk groups, perhaps by altering the transition rates,
between groups. Understanding how such changes in population structure
affect life expectancy is useful in evaluating alternative lifesaving
policies."
Author's address: Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30145 Woods,
Robert; Hinde, P. R. Andrew. Mortality in Victorian
England: models and patterns. Journal of Interdisciplinary
History, Vol. 18, No. 1, Summer 1987. 27-54 pp. Cambridge,
Massachusetts. In Eng.
The authors critically examine the analysis
of mortality in Victorian England developed by Thomas McKeown and
others. This perspective involves focusing in detail on the pattern
and structure of mortality, with particular reference to variations in
age-specific mortality and to regional and local differences. The
authors focus on two sets of problems: "first, the estimation of model
life tables which will assist the study of changes in the age-specific
structure of mortality; and, second, the influence of environment on
variations in the level of mortality." The authors conclude that
McKeown overemphasized the importance of improvements in nutrition in
the decline of mortality rates.
Author's address: Department of
Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England.
For the
study by Thomas McKeown, published in 1976, see 42:3087.
Location: Princeton University Library (SH).
53:30146 Arshat,
Hamid; Tan, Boon Ann; Tey, Nai Peng. The effects of life
cycle and family formation variables on pregnancy outcome.
Malaysian Journal of Reproductive Health, Vol. 3, No. 2, Dec 1985.
115-25 pp. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In Eng.
Differentials in
pregnancy wastage in two states of Peninsular Malaysia are surveyed.
The authors focus on the influence of life cycle and family formation
variables as revealed in a 1982 survey of 1,616 pregnancy histories.
It is found that "1.1% ended in stillbirths, 6.1% in spontaneous
abortions and 2.2% in induced abortions. Life cycle and family
formation variables provided far sharper differentials in pregnancy
wastage as compared to the ethnic and educational variables. Pregnancy
wastage rate varied from just about 5% at maternal age below 20 to 24%
at age 40-44, and from about 7.5% at the first two pregnancy orders to
13.8% at the seventh and higher orders. Intervals of one year or less
had a wastage of 29.4%. Pregnancy outcome was also strongly associated
with the outcome of the preceding pregnancy." Pregnancy outcome data
for selected other countries are also presented.
Author's address:
National Population and Family Development Board, P.O. Box 10416, 50712
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30147 Geronimus,
Arline T. On teenage childbearing and neonatal mortality
in the United States. Population and Development Review, Vol. 13,
No. 2, Jun 1987. 245-79, 373-4, 376 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The association between teenage
childbearing and neonatal mortality [in the United States] is often
interpreted as evidence of true age effects. A corresponding
expectation is that neonatal mortality will be reduced by prevention of
teenage pregnancy. These views are reconsidered in light of new
empirical findings and their synthesis with results of previous
biomedical and social scientific investigations. An alternative
hypothesis is proposed: that the association between teenage
childbearing and neonatal mortality reflects unobserved heterogeneity
in the population of first-time mothers. Specifically, in the United
States, unfavorable life conditions among populations with high early
fertility rates have physiological consequences that are proximate
determinants of neonatal mortality. This interpretation suggests that
policies promoting fertility postponement will not reduce levels of
neonatal mortality if, within target populations, the prevalence and
effects of important proximate determinants of neonatal mortality are
constant or increase with age." The author also comments on the
situation in developing countries.
Author's address: Department of
Public Health Policy and Administration, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, MI 48109.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:30148 Golding,
Jean; Henriques, Jane; Thomas, Peter. Unmarried at
delivery. II. Perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early Human
Development, Vol. 14, No. 3-4, Dec 1986. 217-27 pp. Amsterdam,
Netherlands. In Eng.
The impact of marital status on perinatal
mortality in the United Kingdom is analyzed using data from the British
Birth Survey, which included 98 percent of all births occurring in one
week in April 1970. The results indicate a reduction in birth weight
and increased perinatal mortality among the single and previously
married compared to currently married mothers.
Author's address:
Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, St.
Michael's Hill, Bristol BS2 8BJ, England.
Location: U.S.
National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
53:30149 Bongaarts,
John. Does family planning reduce infant mortality
rates? Population and Development Review, Vol. 13, No. 2, Jun
1987. 323-34, 375, 377 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Spa.
"This note compares the proportions of high-risk
pregnancies in groups of developing countries at different stages of
the family planning transition. Countries with relatively high levels
of contraceptive use have fewer teenage births as well as fewer births
of orders over six, when compared with countries in which family
planning is minimal. These differentials would by themselves result in
lower infant mortality rates in the later phases of the fertility
transition. This effect is offset, however, by the fact that countries
with higher levels of contraceptive prevalence also tend to have higher
proportions of births of order one and higher proportions of births
after short birth intervals, both of which are associated with higher
than average mortality risks. The net effect of these two compensating
sets of factors on infant mortality rates is very small. Thus, changes
in the age/order/interval distributions of births do not necessarily
improve the chances of survival of infants as a society moves through a
fertility transition." Data sources include selected World Fertility
Survey countries; the Matlab, Bangladesh study; and other non-official
sources.
Author's address: Center for Policy Studies, Population
Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY
10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30150 Brazil.
Fundacao Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica [IBGE] (Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil); UNICEF (New York, New York). A
statistical profile of children and mothers in Brazil: socioeconomic
aspects of infant mortality in urban areas. [Perfil estatistico de
criancas e maes no Brasil: aspectos socio-economicos da mortalidade
infantil em areas urbanas.] ISBN 82-240-0251-4. 1986. 92 pp. Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil. In Por.
This is the fifth in a series of reports
concerning aspects of maternal and child health in Brazil. The focus
of the present report is on socioeconomic aspects of infant mortality
in urban areas. Chapters by different authors are included on trends
in urbanization, trends in infant mortality, the impact of health
policies, regional aspects, the calculation of infant mortality from
available data sources, and socioeconomic factors affecting
differentials in urban infant mortality.
For a previous report,
published in 1982, see 51:40528.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30151 Carrilho,
Maria J. On the recent decline in infant mortality in
Portugal. [O declinio recente da mortalidade infantil em
Portugal.] Revista do Centro de Estudos Demograficos, No. 27, 1985.
159-99 pp. Lisbon, Portugal. In Por. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
Recent
trends in infant mortality in Portugal are analyzed. The author notes
that infant mortality fell 54 percent between 1975 and 1985 to reach a
level of 17.7 per 1,000, and that during this period regional
differences in mortality also declined.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30152 Choe, Minja
Kim. Sex differentials in infant and child mortality in
Korea. Social Biology, Vol. 34, No. 1-2, Spring-Summer 1987. 12-25
pp. Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
"This paper reports on a study of
infant and child mortality in the Republic of Korea, a country known
for a strong son preference, using the 1974 World Fertility Survey
data. When the age-specific probabilities of dying for ages zero to
five are compared for male and female children, an unusual pattern of
relatively high female mortality is observed. The higher female
mortality is more pronounced during childhood than infancy.
Multivariate analysis of life tables, using a hazard model, shows that
covariates influencing the mortality at young ages differ for male and
female children and suggests that male and female children receive
unequal care by their parents. The analysis also reveals different
patterns of interaction between infant and child mortality and mother's
fertility control behavior depending on the sex of the
child."
Author's address: East-West Population Institute, East-West
Center, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30153 Cramer,
James C. Social factors and infant mortality: identifying
high-risk groups and proximate causes. Demography, Vol. 24, No. 3,
Aug 1987. 299-322 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper examines
relationships among six social factors and infant mortality in
California in 1978 and seeks to explain social differentials in terms
of two intervening variables. Linked birth and infant death records
[for single live births in California in 1978] are analyzed to test for
interactions among the social factors and mortality and for causal
linkages involving the intervening variables. Social factors are
related to the risk of infant mortality in a conditional manner;
significant interactions involve maternal age and both birth order and
marital status, and race/ethnicity and both education and marital
status. Birth weight and prenatal care are important intervening
variables but do not fully explain the social differentials."
This
is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1985 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index,
Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 419-20).
Author's address: Sociology
Department, University of California, Davis, CA
95616.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30154 Garcia
Molina, Carlos. Infant mortality and social class: the
case of Medellin in the 1970s. [Mortalidad infantil y clases
sociales: el caso de Medellin en la decada del 70.] Ediciones del
Cincuentenario, ISBN 958-9127-05-3. 1986. 103 pp. Universidad
Pontificia Bolivariana: Medellin, Colombia. In Spa.
Trends in
infant mortality in Medellin, Colombia, are analyzed using data from
the 1973 census and a 1981 household survey. The focus is on mortality
differentials by social class and how they have changed over time. The
author notes that the overall infant mortality rate declined from 62 to
43 per 1,000 between 1970 and 1977, although the differentials between
the more privileged and least privileged social classes did not
change.
Location: New York Public Library.
53:30155 Hogan,
Dennis P.; Kertzer, David I. The social bases of declining
infant mortality: lessons from a nineteenth-century Italian town.
European Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 2,
No. 3-4, May 1987. 361-85 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum.
in Fre.
The authors use the Italian population register and related
sources to investigate social forces affecting declining infant
mortality. They "focus on the town of Casalecchio di Reno, an
agricultural community near Bologna, for a period (1865-1921) in which
the town shifted from sharecropping to a wage-labour economy, and
mortality rates declined sharply. The implications of various social
and demographic factors for the likelihood of infant death are examined
and related to explanations of the historical decline in infant
mortality."
Author's address: Department of Sociology, University
of Chicago, 1126 East 59th Street, Chicago, IL
60637.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30156 Holland,
Bart. Breast-feeding, social variables, and infant
mortality: a hazards model analysis of the case of Malaysia.
Social Biology, Vol. 34, No. 1-2, Spring-Summer 1987. 78-93 pp.
Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
"This study is an attempt to use a
hazards model to estimate the relative risks of mortality experienced
at different periods during the first year of life among Malaysian
infants breast-fed for various durations. Data on mortality,
breast-feeding, and social variables were obtained from the
retrospective Malaysian Family Life Survey [1976] and were used after
checking for quality and consistency. Using LOGLIN to calculate
hazards models, essentially multidimensional life-tables, we found that
breast-feeding had an effect on mortality independent of socioeconomic
variables and birth cohort. There was a monotonic relationship between
breast-feeding duration and lower infant mortality during each of the
four subdivisions of the first year of life. Breast-feeding was a
statistically significant predictor of mortality in the first six
months. The results are compared with those from [a 1982] Rand study,
which employed regression rather than hazards models."
Author's
address: Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of
Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Medicine and
Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 100 Bergen Street,
Newark, NJ 07103.
For the Rand study, by W. P. Butz et al.,
published in 1982, see 48:30191.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30157 Khristov,
Emil. Probability evaluation of yearly infant
mortality. [Veroyatnostna otsenka na detskata smartnost za otdelna
kalendarna godina.] Naselenie, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1987. 67-79 pp. Sofia,
Bulgaria. In Bul. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
A critical survey of the
most commonly used indexes of infant mortality rates by year is
presented. "The most reliable index per year is Beck's coefficient.
It improves with the migration balance of the external and internal
migration of children which is observed in accordance with 'elementary
aggregates'. The number of live-born children is corrected by
two-thirds of the migration balance in the lower elementary aggregate.
The number of children born during the previous year who have survived
until the beginning of the current one is corrected by one-third of the
migration balance in the upper elementary aggregate. These corrections
can be improved by the ratio of the migration balances in the lower and
upper elementary aggregates. The final results for the infantile
mortality are evaluated stochastically." The method is illustrated
using Bulgarian data.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30158 Kunitz,
Stephen J.; Simic, Snezana; Odoroff, Charles L. Infant
mortality and economic instability in Yugoslavia. Social Science
and Medicine, Vol. 24, No. 11, 1987. 953-60 pp. Elmsford, New
York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
This article examines fluctuations
since World War II in economic conditions and infant mortality in
Yugoslavia, focusing particularly on the increases in infant mortality
that have been recorded in recent years. "Efforts to manage
Yugoslavia's debt crisis beginning in 1979 led to economic policies
which resulted in declining real income in subsequent years. This has
been associated with a slowing of the rate at which infant mortality
has declined. There is no evidence, however, that populations in poor
parts of the country experienced a more dramatic impact on infant
mortality than did populations in more favored regions. The lack of
difference is attributed to redistributive social policies among and
within republics."
Author's address: Department of Preventive,
Family and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Rochester School of
Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642.
Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
53:30159 Mbacke,
Cheikh S. M. Estimating child mortality from retrospective
reports by mothers at time of a new birth: the case of the EMIS
surveys. Pub. Order No. DA8703242. 1986. 181 pp. University
Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"The
objective of this research is to develop a methodology for deriving
child mortality estimates from the retrospective child survivorship
data collected through the EMIS surveys (Infant Mortality Surveys in
the Sahel)." Particular attention is given to data for Bobo-Dioulasso,
Burkina Faso. "The methodology is [also] tested against U.S.
historical data and yields infant mortality trends similar to those
recorded by the Civil Registration System." The author suggests that
"demographers should increasingly use the facilities of the Health
System for the study of mortality in developing countries in general,
and in Sub-Saharan Africa in particular, now that the techniques for
estimating child mortality from conditional samples exist."
This
work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the University of
Pennsylvania.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International,
A: Humanities and Social Sciences 47(10).
53:30160 Millman,
Sara R.; Cooksey, Elizabeth C. Birth weight and the
effects of birth spacing and breastfeeding on infant mortality.
Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 18, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1987. 202-12 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"The major goal of the present research
is to determine more conclusively the magnitude and direction of the
effects of breastfeeding and birth spacing on infant and early
childhood mortality. This requires use of research methodology that
takes account of the complexity of the relationships involved. Recent
analyses in this area have utilized World Fertility Survey (WFS) data
from a number of countries....A second goal of the present research is
to validate this body of work by investigating the effect on
substantive results of data limitations of the World Fertility Surveys.
Data from the Malaysian Family Life Survey (MFLS) are employed....Our
methodological work explores the impact of a focus on last and
next-to-last versus all births, and of including or omitting the
control for birth weight....We begin with a discussion of the many
links among birth spacing, breastfeeding, and early mortality. This is
followed by a brief description of the data available from the MFLS and
a discussion of the methodology employed. Results of two separate
analyses are presented....We conclude with a discussion of the policy
implications of our findings."
Author's address: Department of
Sociology, Brown University, Providence, RI
02912.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30161 Morocco.
Direction de la Statistique. Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches
Demographiques (Rabat, Morocco). Regional variations in
infant mortality in Morocco (a study by province). [Variations
regionales de la mortality infantile au Maroc (etude par province).]
Feb 1987. 59 pp. Rabat, Morocco. In Fre.
Differentials in infant
mortality by province in Morocco are analyzed using 1982 census data.
Following a review of existing knowledge on infant mortality in
Morocco, the methodology used in the present study is outlined.
Results obtained by direct and indirect methods of estimation are
compared. The results highlight the situation of high mortality in
rural areas. Significant differences in the levels of infant mortality
among urban areas are noted.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30162 Orekhov, K.
V.; Novikov, O. M. An approach to a number of demographic
indicators in the North. [K traktovke ryada demograficheskikh
pokazatelei na Severe.] Sovetskoe Zdravookhranenie, No. 9, 1986. 27-31
pp. Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
The demographic impact on children of the
severe climate of the northern USSR is examined. Particular attention
is given to the relationship between length of residence in the North
and infant mortality.
Location: U.S. National Library of
Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
53:30163 Ram, F.;
Girimaji, Jyothi H.; Umamani, K. S. Infant and childhood
mortality in Karnataka: levels, trends and differentials assessed
through indirect techniques. Health and Population: Perspectives
and Issues, Vol. 8, No. 3, Jul-Sep 1985. 168-80 pp. New Delhi, India.
In Eng. with sum. in Hin.
"An attempt has been made in this paper
to assess the levels, trends and differentials in infant and childhood
mortality by analysing different surveys conducted from time to time in
Karnataka [India]. It is observed that [the] infant mortality rate
(IMR) for the State of Karnataka was around 200 per 1,000 live births
before 1950. The estimate of IMR from [the] 1972 Fertility Survey of
India is around 128 for rural and 83 for urban areas. The analysis of
1981 census data gives us the estimate of IMR as 95 for rural areas and
59 for urban areas....The IMR for males from 1981 census data is higher
than females irrespective of area. The mortality differentials beyond
infancy are not very clear. The analysis of 1981 census data by
religion shows that infant and childhood mortality is higher for Hindus
followed by Christians and Muslims."
Author's address:
International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road,
Deonar, Bombay 400 088, India.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30164 Robinson,
Diane; Pinch, Steven. A geographical analysis of the
relationship between early childhood death and socio-economic
environment in an English city. Social Science and Medicine, Vol.
25, No. 1, 1987. 9-18 pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The relationship between early childhood death and socio-economic
conditions was studied by obtaining the home address, at the time of
death, of 254 infants and children between the ages of 0 to 5 years who
died within the City of Southampton, England, between 1977 and 1982.
The addresses were grouped into 142 'super-enumeration' districts
formed by combining enumeration districts with similar socio-economic
characteristics. These 'super-enumeration' districts were then
categorised into 15 cluster types which highlighted the major social
characteristics of the areas within Southampton. The number of deaths
for each cluster type was then ascertained. A strong relationship was
found to exist between high rates of early childhood death and cluster
types displaying adverse social conditions--in particular, high levels
of unemployment, single-parent families and poor housing
amenities."
Author's address: Department of Primary Medical Care,
Aldermoor Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Southampton, Southampton S09 5NH, England.
Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
53:30165 Schramm,
Wayne F.; Barnes, Diane E.; Bakewell, Janice M. Neonatal
mortality in Missouri home births, 1978-84. American Journal of
Public Health, Vol. 77, No. 8, Aug 1987. 930-5 pp. Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
"A study was conducted of 4,054 Missouri home births occurring
from 1978 through 1984. Of the 3,645 births whose planning status was
identified, 3,067 (84 per cent) were planned to be at home. Neonatal
mortality was elevated for both planned (17 observed deaths vs 8.59
expected deaths) and unplanned home births (45 observed vs 33.19
expected) compared with physician-attended hospital births. Nearly all
of the mortality excess for planned home births occurred in association
with lesser trained attendants (12 observed vs 4.42 expected), while
for unplanned home births the excess was entirely among infants
weighing 1,500 grams or more (19 observed vs 3.50 expected). For
planned home births attended by physicians, certified nurse-midwives,
or Missouri Midwife Association recognized midwives, there was little
difference between observed and expected deaths (5 observed vs 3.92
expected)....The study provides evidence of the importance of having
skilled attendants present at planned home births."
Author's
address: Bureau of Health Data Analysis, Missouri Department of
Health, P.O. Box 570, Jefferson City, MO 64102.
Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
53:30166 Stockwell,
Edward G.; Bedard, Marcia; Swanson, David A.; Wicks, Jerry W.
Public policy and the socioeconomic mortality differential in
infancy. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 6, No. 2,
1987. 105-21 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper
discusses some of the findings and policy implications of a recently
completed study of socioeconomic differences in infant mortality in
eight metropolitan areas of Ohio at three points in time. The study
revealed that, in spite of a considerable decline in the overall rate
of infant mortality since 1960, the inverse socioeconomic differential
remains as wide as ever. This clearly suggests that, although maternal
and child health has improved overall, the lower economic groups in our
society still do not have equal access either to health care or to
other amenities essential to maintenance of good health. Moreover,
consideration of recent and current policy proposals with respect to
welfare programs in general, and maternal and child health care
programs in particular, leads to the conclusion that this situation is
not likely to change in the near future. Finally, some policy
recommendations for enhancing the health status of low-income families
are offered."
Author's address: Department of Sociology, Bowling
Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30167 United
States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee
on Oversight and Investigations (Washington, D.C.); United States.
Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on
Health and the Environment (Washington, D.C.). Infant
mortality rates: failure to close the black-white gap. Hearing, March
16, 1984 (98th Congress, 2nd session). Serial, No. 98-131, 1984.
v, 362 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This report concerns a joint
hearing before the Oversight and Investigations and Health and the
Environment Subcommittees of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce
pertaining to differentials in infant mortality between blacks and
whites in the United States. The focus of the hearing is on the extent
to which the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is fulfilling
the goal of reducing infant mortality, particularly with respect to
lowering the higher infant death rate experienced by
blacks.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30168 Victora,
Cesar G.; Barros, Fernando C.; Vaughan, J. Patrick; Teixeira, Ana M.
B. Birthweight and infant mortality: a longitudinal study
of 5,914 Brazilian children. International Journal of
Epidemiology, Vol. 16, No. 2, Jun 1987. 239-45 pp. Oxford, England. In
Eng.
"In a population-based cohort study in Southern Brazil, 87.3%
of 5,914 liveborn infants [born in 1982] were followed for over 12
months. The 215 infant deaths occurring in this cohort were studied in
relation to birthweight, gestational age and socioeconomic status.
Causes of death were ascertained through the review of case notes and
interviews with the parents. As predicted, there was a strong inverse
association between birthweight and neonatal and postneonatal
mortality....There was an interaction between birthweight and
socioeconomic status, with the relative risk of mortality associated
with low birthweight being much larger among rich than among poor
infants. Estimates of the magnitude of the reduction in infant
mortality which would accompany a given improvement in the birthweight
distribution, which have been mostly based on data from developed
countries, may prove to be overoptimistic."
Author's address:
Department of Social Medicine, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, C.P.
464, 96100 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30169 Victora,
Cesar G.; Vaughan, J. Patrick; Lombardi, Cintia; Fuchs, Sandra M. C.;
Gigante, Luciana P.; Smith, Peter G.; Nobre, Leticia C.; Teixeira, Ana
M. B.; Moreira, Leila B.; Barros, Fernando C. Evidence for
protection by breast-feeding against infant deaths from infectious
diseases in Brazil. Lancet, No. 8554, Aug 8, 1987. 319-22 pp.
Boston, Massachusetts/London, England. In Eng.
The relationship
between type of infant nutrition and infant mortality in Brazil is
explored. The data concern infant deaths in the urban areas of Porto
Alegre and Pelotas collected from hospital, coroner, and health
authority registers in 1984 and 1985. "Compared with infants who were
breast-fed with no milk supplements...those completely weaned had 14.2
and 3.6 times the risk of death from diarrhoea and respiratory
infections, respectively."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
53:30170 Woodruff,
A. W.; Adamson, E. A.; El Suni, Asma; Maughan, T. S.; Kaku, M.; Bundru,
W. Children in Juba, Southern Sudan: the second and third
years of life. Lancet, No. 8507, Sep 13, 1986. 615-8 pp. Boston,
Massachusetts/London, England. In Eng.
The results of a prospective
study of child health in the Sudan are presented. The present report
concerns morbidity and mortality in the second and third years of life.
The data are for 112 children surviving to age one. The mortality
rate in the second year of life is 8.1 percent, with the primary cause
of death being chronic undernutrition.
Author's address: c/o
Norwegian Church Aid/Sudan Programme, P.O. Box 52802, Nairobi,
Kenya.
For a related report, published in 1984, see 50:30193.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
53:30171 Nault,
Francois; Boleda, Mario; Legare, Jacques. Estimation of
adult mortality based on the proportion of orphans: some empirical
verification using data from Canada, seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries. [Estimacion de la mortalidad adulta a partir de la
proporcion de huerfanos: algunas verificaciones empiricas basadas en
datos del Canada, siglos XVII y XVIII.] Notas de Poblacion, Vol. 14,
No. 42, Dec 1986. 9-23 pp. Santiago, Chile. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
The authors use data on mortality in Canada during the period of
French rule from 1608 to 1765 to test indirect methods of estimating
adult mortality developed by Henry and by Brass and Hill. The study is
based on family data for Quebec reconstituted by the Program in
Historical Demography at the University of Montreal. The results
indicate that both methods yield very acceptable results.
Author's
address: University of Montreal, CP6128, Succarsale A, Montreal,
Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.
This is a translation of the French article,
also published in 1986 and cited in 52:40642.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30172 Armstrong,
Robert J. U.S. decennial life tables for 1979-81. Volume
I, Number 4: some trends and comparisons of United States life-table
data: 1900-1981. Pub. Order No. DHHS (PHS) 87-1150-4. LC
85-600190. Jun 1987. iv, 10 pp. U.S. National Center for Health
Statistics [NCHS]: Hyattsville, Maryland. In Eng.
This is the
fourth in a series of reports concerning the U.S. decennial life-table
program. "Decennial life tables have been periodically constructed for
the years 1900-1981, with the first set of tables covering the period
1900-1902 and the ninth set, 1979-81. This report presents data for
1979-81 and examines the trends in life expectancy occurring since
1900. Each set of the life tables is based on data from the U.S.
decennial population census (conducted 1900...1980) and from deaths
occurring in the death-registration States during the 3-year period
surrounding the census year." Tables include data on average lifetime
by race and sex for the country as a whole and for individual
states.
For related publications concerning the referenced life
tables, see 52:10215, 52:10216, and 53:20181.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30173 Armstrong,
Robert J. U.S. decennial life tables for 1979-81. Volume
1, Number 4. Some trends and comparisons of United States life table
data: 1900-1981. Pub. Order No. DHHS (PHS) 87-1150-4. LC
85-600190. Jun 1987. iv, 10 pp. U.S. National Center for Health
Statistics [NCHS]: Hyattsville, Maryland. In Eng.
"Decennial life
tables [for the United States] have been periodically constructed for
the years 1900-1981, with the first set of tables covering the period
1900-1902 and the ninth set, 1979-81. This report presents data for
1979-81 and examines the trends in life expectancy occurring since
1900." This is the fourth in a series of reports containing life
tables for 1979-1981. Tables provide sex- and race-specific data on
average life expectancy and differences in longevity by state. For
comparative purposes, figures on sex-specific average life expectancy
and excess of female over male life expectancy are furnished for
selected other countries.
For a related publication by Armstrong and
Lester R. Curtin, also published in 1987, see 53:20181.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30174 Enriquez de
Salamanca Navarro, Rafael; Conquero Gago, Aurora. Recent
evaluations of mortality among pensioners, due to work accidents.
[Evaluaciones recientes de la mortalidad en los pensionistas derivadas
de accidentes de trabajo.] Revista Internacional de Sociologia, Vol.
44, No. 4, Oct-Dec 1986. 483-501 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa.
New
life tables applicable to pensioners in Spain having work-related
accidents are calculated using data for 1974 and 1978. Differences
between these new tables and those used previously are
outlined.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:30175 Golata,
Elzbieta. Integrated life tables by marital status:
Poland, 1982-1984. [Zintegrowane tablice trwania zycia wedlug
stanu cywilnego. Polska 1982-1984.] Studia Demograficzne, No. 1/87,
1987. 31-57 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The
author constructs integrated, multi-radix life tables by marital status
for Poland for the years 1982-1984 using the Rogers-Willekens
algorithm. A comparative analysis is presented of number of survivors
and expectation of life for cohorts of never married, married, widowed,
and divorced by five-year age group and sex.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30176 Hungary.
Kozponti Statisztikai Hivatal (Budapest, Hungary). Studies
in mortality differentials, 3. Geographical mortality differentials in
Hungary, 1983 (complete and abridged life tables). 1987. 90 pp.
Budapest, Hungary. In Eng.
This is the first in a planned series of
annual publications that will contain life tables for Hungary by sex.
Abridged life tables are also included for cities and towns, villages,
Budapest, and counties. The life tables presented are for
1983.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30177 Malaysia.
Jabatan Perangkaan (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia). Revised life
tables by sex and ethnic group for Peninsular Malaysia, 1970 and
1980. [Kajian semula jadual-jadual hayat mengikut jantina dan
kumpulan etnik bagi Semenanjung Malaysia, 1970 dan 1980.] Kajian
Mengenai Subjek Demografi dan Penduduk/Studies on Demographic and
Population Subjects, No. 3, Jul 1986. v, 34 pp. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
In Eng; Mal.
Life tables are presented for Peninsular Malaysia for
1970 and 1980. A review of previously published life tables is
included. The life tables are presented by major ethnic group and
sex.
Location: East-West Population Institute, Honolulu,
HI.
53:30178 Matsushita,
Keiichiro; Inaba, Hisashi. Hazard function and life
tables: an introduction to failure time analysis. Jinko Mondai
Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems, No. 182, Apr 1987. 36-50 pp.
Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn. with sum. in Eng.
The authors discuss failure
time analysis with respect to demographic studies. "It can be viewed
as a part of regression analysis with limited dependent variables as
well as a special case of event history analysis and multistate
demography....The concept of hazard function in comparison with life
tables is briefly described, where the force of mortality is
interchangeable with the hazard rate. The basic idea of failure time
analysis is summarized for the cases of exponential distribution,
normal distribution, and proportional hazard models. [The] multiple
decrement life table is also introduced as an example of lifetime data
analysis with cause-specific hazard rates."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30179 Mitra,
S. On "A new look at entropy and the life table".
Demography, Vol. 24, No. 3, Aug 1987. 439-42 pp. Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
The author comments on a recent paper by Noreen Goldman and
Graham Lord concerning the entropy of the life table. A reply by
Goldman and Lord (pp. 441-2) is also included.
Author's address:
Department of Sociology, Emory University, Annex C, Fishburne Drive,
Atlanta, GA 30322.
For the paper by Goldman and Lord, published in
1986, see 52:20207.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:30180 Moussa, M.
A. A. Analysis of underlying and multiple-cause mortality
data: the life table methods. Computer Methods and Programs in
Biomedicine, Vol. 24, No. 1, Feb 1987. 3-19 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands.
In Eng.
"The stochastic compartment model concepts are employed to
analyse and construct complete and abbreviated (1) total mortality life
tables, (2) multiple-decrement life tables for a disease, under the
underlying and pattern-of-failure definitions of mortality risk. (3)
cause-elimination life tables, (4) cause-elimination effects on saved
population through the gain in life expectancy as a consequence of
eliminating the mortality risk, (5) cause-delay life tables designed to
translate the clinically observed increase in survival time as the
population gain in life expectancy that would occur if a treatment
protocol was made available to the general population and (6) life
tables for disease dependency in multiple-cause data." Data from
Kuwait are used to illustrate these concepts in an
appendix.
Author's address: Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University,
Safat, Kuwait.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, MD.
53:30181 Namboodiri,
Krishnan; Suchindran, C. M. Life table techniques and
their applications. Studies in Population, ISBN 0-12-513930-6. LC
86-17213. 1987. xii, 275 pp. Academic Press: Orlando, Florida/London,
England. In Eng.
This book is an introduction to life table methods
and their applications. "Chapters 1, 2, and 3 are concerned with the
traditional life table focusing on death (exit from life). Departing
from the usual treatment, attention is given in Chapter 3 to viewing
the life table as a Markov process....Chapter 4 is concerned with life
tables based on survey and observational data, while Chapter 5 is
devoted to comparisons of life tables....Chapters 6, 7, and 8 are
devoted to multiple-decrement life tables....Chapter 9...is concerned
with multistate life tables, traditionally known by the term
increment-decrement life tables....In Chapter 10, lifetime is viewed as
a random variable, and Chapters 11, 12, and 13 cover various approaches
to examining factors affecting the 'length of
life.'"
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30182 Alexander,
Freda E.; O'Brien, Fiona; Hepburn, Wilma; Miller, Margaret.
Association between mortality among women and socioeconomic factors
in general practices in Edinburgh: an application of small area
statistics. British Medical Journal, Vol. 295, No. 6601, Sep 26,
1987. 254-6 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The relationship between
various socioeconomic factors and mortality in Edinburgh, Scotland, is
analyzed. The data concern women aged 45 to 64 who were followed up
for five to seven years, among whom 2,231 deaths occurred. "High
positive correlations were found between standardised mortality ratios
and the socioeconomic variables, with the highest being for percentage
overcrowding." The results indicate that the relationship between
measures of deprivation and excess mortality can be shown for women
without reference to their husbands' occupations.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
53:30183 Barnet, C.;
Bouvier-Colle, M. H. Female mortality and occupational
activity in France (a comparison, 1975-1982). [Mortalite feminine
et activite professionnelle en France (comparaison 1975-1982).] Revue
d'Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique/Epidemiology and Public Health,
Vol. 34, No. 4-5, 1986. 345-52 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in
Eng.
"The study of the relationship between occupation and health
in [France in] 1975, indicated a high excess mortality among inactive
females. The decline of mortality and the increase in the number of
working women recorded recently, have not changed the thrust of the
relation. The analysis of the 1982 data shows a rise in the excess
mortality of inactives, caused by an increase of the selection effect.
The study of...mortality taking into account...marital status shows
that it is the transition to working status of many married--therefore
preselected--women that has increased the differences in the state of
health between active and inactive women."
Author's address: INSERM
U164, Unite de Recherche sur l'Evaluation de l'Etat de Sante et des
Systemes de Soins et de Prevention, 44 Chemin de Ronde, F78110 Le
Vesinet, France.
Location: U.S. National Library of
Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
53:30184 Das Gupta,
Monica. Selective discrimination against female children
in rural Punjab, India. Population and Development Review, Vol.
13, No. 1, Mar 1987. 77-100, 189, 191 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Sex differentials in child mortality in
rural Punjab persist unexpectedly despite relative wealth,
socioeconomic development including rapid universalization of female
education, fertility decline, and mortality decline. The most striking
finding is that discrimination against girls is not generalized but
highly selective: sex differentials in mortality are affected far more
by birth order than by socioeconomic factors....Fertility reduction
appears to heighten such selective discrimination. Sex discrimination
has often been attributed to a lack of female participation in
productive activities and also to economic hardship. This analysis
emphasizes the role of women's structural marginalization in this
patrilineally organized society in explaining the existence as well as
the persistence of sex discrimination."
Author's address: National
Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi,
India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30185 Evans,
Ronald; Bidegain, Gabriel; Lopez, Diego; Ubilla, Guacolda.
Mortality under the microscope: mortality differentials by cause,
socioeconomic group, and municipality in the Sucre district of the
State of Miranda, Venezuela. [La mortalidad bajo el microscopio:
diferenciales de la mortalidad por causas, grupos socioeconomicos y por
municipios en el distrito Sucre Estado Miranda, Venezuela.] 1987. x,
354 pp. Consucre: Caracas, Venezuela. In Spa.
The authors analyze
mortality trends in the Sucre district of Miranda state, Venezuela.
Data are based on information from all birth and death certificates
issued during 1984. Aspects considered include social class, life
expectancy, infant mortality, and causes of death. Health and
demographic characteristics of the area are investigated, including
geography, population growth, educational level, economic activity, and
sanitary conditions. Data are also presented on age and sex
differentials in mortality, family patterns, accidents, and
occupational deaths.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:30186 Hungary.
Kozponti Statisztikai Hivatal (Budapest, Hungary). Studies
in mortality differentials, 2. Area mortality differentials, IX. An
ecological study of mortality differentials in Budapest, 1980-1983,
Part I: mortality differentials of the male subpopulations of the
districts of Budapest. 1987. 109 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Eng.
This is one of a series of reports concerning differential
mortality in Hungary. It presents an analysis of male mortality
differentials among the 22 districts of Budapest during the period
1980-1983. Significant differences in life expectancy, ranging up to
5.5 years, are identified. These differences are most apparent in the
age group 40-59 years of age. It is concluded that the primary causes
of the observed differences are socioeconomic in
origin.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30187 Iversen,
Lars; Andersen, Otto; Andersen, Per K.; Christoffersen, Kirsten;
Keiding, Niels. Unemployment and mortality in Denmark,
1970-80. British Medical Journal, Vol. 295, No. 6603, Oct 10,
1987. 879-84 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"Relative mortality in
the period 1970-80 was studied among Danish men and women who were
unemployed and employed on the day of the 1970 census. The study
population consisted of the total labour force in the age range 20-64
on 9 November 1970--that is, about 2 million employed and 22,000
unemployed people. Relative mortality was analysed by a multiplicative
hazard regression model (as a natural extension of the standardised
mortality ratio) and a multiplicative regression model with
extra-Poisson variation. A significantly increased death rate (40-50%)
was found among the unemployed after adjusting for occupation, housing
category, geographical region, and marital state. Analysis of five
main causes of death showed increased mortality from all causes, but
especially from suicide or accidents. In areas where the local
unemployment rate was comparatively high the relative mortality among
the unemployed was lower."
Author's address: Institute of Social
Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen,
Denmark.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
53:30188 Jarvis,
George K.; Northcott, Herbert C. Religion and differences
in morbidity and mortality. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 25,
No. 7, 1987. 813-24 pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Religion and its effects on morbidity and mortality (with
particular emphasis on mortality) are reviewed as are special issues
which have in the past made the study of religion and death difficult.
The morbidity and mortality experience of various religious groups is
portrayed, including Protestants, Catholics, Jews, Muslims, the clergy,
Seventh-day Adventists, Latter-day Saints, Parsis, Jehovah's Witnesses
and Hutterites. Studies of religious effects on morbidity and mortality
have broadened in focus from the study of specific health practices, or
health-related behaviors, to include the study of social support,
religious participation and health-related attitudes. Gaps in the
literature are identified and a preliminary model of religion's effect
on morbidity and mortality is discussed." The geographic focus in on
Europe and North America, with some consideration also given to groups
in Israel and India.
Author's address: Department of Sociology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H4,
Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:30189 Jozan,
Peter. An ecological study of mortality differentials in
Budapest, 1980-1983. [A Budapesti halandosagi kulonbsegek
okologiai vizsgalata, 1980-1983.] Demografia, Vol. 29, No. 2-3, 1986.
193-240 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
Mortality differentials in Budapest, Hungary, during the period
1980-1983 are analyzed. Significant differences in life expectancy
among districts of the city are noted, ranging up to five years for
males. "By causes of deaths the greatest mortality differences can be
observed...[in] mortality caused by cirrhosis of the liver originating
from alcohol, suicide, cerebral haemorrhage, malignant neoplasm of the
stomach and violence." The main factors affecting differential
mortality are identified as differences in socioeconomic
status.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30190 Karkal,
Malini. Differentials in mortality by sex. Economic
and Political Weekly, Vol. 22, No. 32, Aug 8, 1987. 1,343-7 pp. Bombay,
India. In Eng.
The author argues that although the gap between male
and female life expectancy in India has diminished since 1961, this is
not a significant indication of an improvement in the overall health
status of women, since most of the gain has occurred among older-aged
women. "Moreover, the continuing high rates of infant mortality,
especially in the perinatal period, and the large proportion of low
birth weight babies with poor chances of survival is a clear indication
of the poor health of women in India."
Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
53:30191 Kenen,
Regina; Hammerslough, Charles R. Reservation and
non-reservation American Indian mortality in 1970 and 1978. Social
Biology, Vol. 34, No. 1-2, Spring-Summer 1987. 26-36 pp. Madison,
Wisconsin. In Eng.
"Mortality rates by age and sex of American
Indians living in reservation and non-reservation counties were
compared for 1970 and 1978. An apparent overcount in the 1980 census
enumeration of American Indians curtails rigorous comparisons, but
broad differences can be delineated. The main improvement in American
Indian mortality during the decade was in age group 0-4. In 1970,
non-reservation death rates were not different from reservation rates.
By the end of the decade, non-reservation deaths had diverged downward
from reservation deaths. An analysis of 1978 death rates by poverty
status showed that non-reservation death rates are sensitive to county
poverty level, whereas reservation death rates are not."
Author's
address: Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Trenton State
College, Trenton, NJ 08625.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30192 Krishnaji,
N. Poverty and sex ratio: some data and
speculations. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 22, No. 23, Jun
6, 1987. 892-7 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
"This note is concerned
with the question: how are mortality differentials and the imbalance
between the sexes [in India] related to poverty? In other words, are
the differences wider in poor families than in rich families? Two
relationships are analysed: the first, sex ratio variations across
families with landholdings of different sizes and between agricultural
labour and other rural households; the second, between poverty, defined
by per capita consumption of families, and the sex
ratio."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
53:30193 Kurtz,
Richard A. Demographic patterns and Kuwaiti--non-Kuwaiti
mortality differentials, 1977-1981. Journal of Asian and African
Studies, Vol. 20, No. 1-2, Jan-Apr 1985. 96-104 pp. Leiden,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"Kuwait is characterized by two significant
demographic features. One is its position in the transitional growth
stage of population change, and the other is its ethnic diversity.
These features have led to particular types of mortality experiences.
Consistent with transitional growth, mortality rates are very low,
among the lowest in the world. Ethnic diversity is evident in the
observation that more than one-half of the population is non-Kuwaiti,
most of whom are employable-age males who have migrated to the country
for work. Across-the-board, Kuwaiti mortality rates are much higher
than non-Kuwaiti rates, primarily because of migration selectivity."
Data are from official sources.
Author's address: Kuwait
University, Kuwait.
Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
53:30194 Marmot, M.
G.; McDowall, M. E. Mortality decline and widening social
inequalities. Lancet, No. 8501, Aug 2, 1986. 274-6 pp. Boston,
Massachusetts/London, England. In Eng.
Trends in mortality from
heart disease and other major causes in the United Kingdom are examined
using data from the Decennial Supplements on Occupational Mortality,
with the focus on mortality differences by sex, socioeconomic status,
and geographic region. "With the use of 1979/83 death rates as
standard, mortality ratios (SMRs) for all causes, lung cancer, CHD
[coronary heart disease], and cerebrovascular disease in 1979/83 were
compared with SMRs in 1970-72. Despite the general fall in the
mortality the relative disadvantage of manual compared with non-manual
classes has increased for each of these 4 cause groups. The regional
differences in CHD mortality persist."
Author's address: Middlesex
Hospital Medical School, London WC1E 6EA,
England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
53:30195 Mazur,
Alicja. Differentials in mortality and life expectancy
among large cities in Poland (1982-1984). [Zroznicowanie
umieralnosci i trwania zycia w przekroju wielkich miast w Polsce
(1982-1984).] Studia Demograficzne, No. 1/87, 1987. 59-85 pp. Warsaw,
Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The author analyzes
mortality differentials for the years 1982-1984 in 38 Polish cities
with populations greater than 100,000. Standardized death rates and
indicators of dissimilarity in age structure among the towns are
calculated. "Using...abridged life tables [for the years] 1982-1984
for large cities, the correlation coefficients were calculated between
selected parameters: mean length of life, mean length of life of one
year old children, infant death probability, [and] crude and
standardized mortality rates. The analysis was made separately for men
and women...." No significant correlation between mortality rates and
size of town is found.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30196 Nathanson,
Constance A.; Lopez, Alan D. The future of sex mortality
differentials in industrialized countries: a structural
hypothesis. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 6, No. 2,
1987. 123-36 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper
advances the hypothesis that the future of sex mortality differentials
in industrialized countries may depend on the future mortality rates of
blue collar men. Data are presented to support the argument that
mortality rates from ischemic heart disease for this population
subgroup play a significant role in current differentials and,
furthermore, that sex-social class-mortality differentials correspond
to social structure differences in protection against and/or exposure
to health risks. Research and policy implications of this argument are
addressed briefly." Data from official and other U.S. and Canadian
sources are used to illustrate the hypothesis.
Author's address:
Department of Population Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, School of
Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21218.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30197 Pocock, S.
J.; Shaper, A. G.; Cook, D. G.; Phillips, A. N.; Walker, M.
Social class differences in ischaemic heart disease in British
men. Lancet, No. 8552, Jul 25, 1987. 197-201 pp. Boston,
Massachusetts/London, England. In Eng.
Social class differences in
ischemic heart disease mortality in the United Kingdom are examined
using data on 7,735 middle-aged men from the British Regional Heart
Study, who were followed up over a six-year period. The increased level
of heart attacks among manual workers compared with that of nonmanual
workers is largely explained by differences in cigarette smoking,
levels of blood pressure, obesity, and physical activity during leisure
hours.
Author's address: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and
General Practice, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, Rowland Hill
Street, London NW3 2PF, England.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SZ).
53:30198 Porter,
Jane B.; Jick, Hershel; Walker, Alexander M. Mortality
among oral contraceptive users. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol.
70, No. 1, Jul 1987. 29-32 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The
authors analyze mortality among oral contraceptive users in the United
States using data for two study groups of women aged 15-44. Results are
recorded for age group and cause of death, including malignancy,
cardiovascular disease, other, and external causes. It is found that
"the occurrence of fatal conditions was substantially similar in a
large population of recent, healthy oral contraceptive users and
comparable nonusers at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound during
the years 1977-1981. There were no deaths from cardiovascular disease
among those who were oral contraceptive users at the onset of their
cardiovascular illness; there was one death from liver cancer, probably
attributable to oral contraceptive use; and there were no deaths from
complications of pregnancy among either users or nonusers."
Author's
address: Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Boston
University Medical Center, 400 Totten Pond Road, Waltham, MA
02154.
Location: Johns Hopkins University, Population
Information Program, Baltimore, MD.
53:30199 Vagero,
Denny; Persson, Gunnar. Cancer survival and social class
in Sweden. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 41,
No. 3, Sep 1987. 204-9 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"A study of
98,000 cases in the Swedish Cancer Registry from 1961 to 1979 was
undertaken. The relative survival by social class was calculated.
There was a higher survival probability for white collar workers than
for blue collar workers or self-employed farmers for all cancer, as
well as for particular cancers, such as, for instance, cancer of the
breast and cervix among women and cancer of the rectum among men. For
lung cancer, cancer of the stomach, and pancreatic cancer there were no
detectable differences in survival probability. The findings can be
considered in the light of various possible explanations, for instance,
early detection, differential treatment, and host factors."
Author's
address: Department of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge
University Hospital, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30200 Anatra,
Bruno. The plague of 1647-1658 in the Western
Mediterranean: the Italian side. [La peste del 1647-1658 nel
Mediterraneo occidentale: il versante italiano.] Boletin de la
Asociacion de Demografia Historica, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1987. 3-13 pp.
Madrid, Spain. In Ita.
The author first describes the geographic
diffusion of the plague that occurred in the Western Mediterranean in
the mid-seventeenth century. He then discusses the effects of the
outbreak in various parts of Italy and its demographic and
socioeconimic consequences.
Author's address: Piazza S. Giuseppe 3,
Cagliari 09100, Italy.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30201 Angelini,
Lauretta; Guidi, Enrica; Carletti, Corrado. Verification
of the quality of death certificates: comparing municipal data and
data from ISTAT. [Verifica della qualita della certificazione di
morte: confronto fra dati comunali e dati ISTAT.] Statistica, Vol. 47,
No. 1, Jan-Mar 1987. 121-8 pp. Bologna, Italy. In Ita. with sum. in
Eng; Fre.
The authors compare the accuracy of death certification
data from the municipality of Ferrara and data from a machine-readable
tape produced in 1980 by the Italian Statistical Office (ISTAT). The
results show a close similarity in data from the two sources, with some
discrepancies, which are discussed.
Author's address: Commune di
Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30202 Avalos
Triana, Octavio; Rodriguez Soto, Agustin. Premature
mortality by selected causes, Cuba 1981. [Mortalidad prematura por
algunas causas de defuncion seleccionadas, Cuba 1981.] Revista Cubana
de Administracion de Salud, Vol. 13, No. 1, Jan-Mar 1987. 103-17 pp.
Havana, Cuba. In Spa. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
The authors estimate
premature mortality due to selected causes of death for different age
groups, particularly at early ages, using an indicator of potential
years of life lost by a population. Premature mortality in Cuba in
1981 is calculated by sex for 10 selected causes of death and for all
causes.
Author's address: Calle 12, No. 305 entre 3a y 5a, Miramar,
Municipio Playa, Havana, Cuba.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30203 Baker,
Susan P.; Whitfield, R. A.; O'Neill, Brian. Geographic
variations in mortality from motor vehicle crashes. New England
Journal of Medicine, Vol. 316, No. 22, May 28, 1987. 1,384-7 pp.
Boston, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"Using a new technique to study the
mortality associated with motor vehicle crashes, we calculated
population-based death rates of occupants of motor vehicles during the
period 1979 through 1981 and mapped them according to county for the 48
contiguous states of the United States. Mortality was highest in
counties of low population density...and was also inversely correlated
with per capita income....Differences in road characteristics, travel
speeds, seat-belt use, types of vehicles, and availability of emergency
care may have been major contributors to these relations."
Author's
address: Injury Prevention Center, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and
Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD
21205.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
53:30204 Barker, D.
J. P.; Osmond, C. Death rates from stroke in England and
Wales predicted from past maternal mortality. British Medical
Journal, Vol. 295, No. 6590, Jul 11, 1987. 83-6 pp. London, England. In
Eng.
The authors examine geographic patterns of maternal mortality
and death rates from stroke in England and Wales. It is found that
"geographical differences in maternal mortality in England and Wales
during 1911-4 correlate closely with death rates from stroke in the
generation born around that time. The geographical distribution of
stroke is more closely related to past maternal mortality than to any
leading cause of death, past or present, except ischaemic heart
disease, for which correlation coefficients with stroke are similar.
This relation is new evidence that poor health and physique of mothers
are important determinants of the risk of stroke among their
offspring."
Author's address: Medical Research Council
Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton
General Hospital, Southampton SO9 4XY, England.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
53:30205 Boerma, J.
Ties. Levels of maternal mortality in developing
countries. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 18, No. 4, Jul-Aug
1987. 213-21 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper is aimed
at improving our ability to assess the magnitude of maternal mortality
in developing countries, where reliable data on maternal deaths are
scarce. First, the upper and lower limits of maternal mortality in a
population are determined based on the general levels of mortality and
fertility in a population. The relative importance of maternal deaths
as a proportion of death among women of reproductive ages may,
therefore, vary from less than 1 percent in low-mortality countries to
about 25-30 percent in high-mortality countries. Second, the analysis
and interpretation of maternal mortality data from health facilities
and vital registration systems can be improved if a variety of other
data sources are used, such as coverage of deliveries in hospitals and
at home, and all causes of death among women of reproductive age. It
is estimated that approximately 515,000 women died annually due to
pregnancy-related causes in developing countries between 1980 and 1985.
Ninety percent of these deaths took place in Africa and South Asia,
where births are frequent and maternal mortality levels are
high."
Author's address: Primary Health Care, UNICEF/WHO, P.O. Box
44145, Nairobi, Kenya.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30206
Boszormenyi, Ede. On the history of suicides in
Hungary, Part 2. [A magyarorszagi ongyilkossagok tortenetehez
(II).] Demografia, Vol. 29, No. 4, 1986. 417-35 pp. Budapest, Hungary.
In Hun. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
Suicide mortality in Hungary is
reviewed. The author notes an increase in recorded suicides after 1820
and 1860, but with differences between Catholics and Protestants in the
characteristics of suicides. The analysis is continued up to
1985.
For a related citation by the same author, published in 1975,
see 43:3281.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30207 Brenner, M.
Harvey. Economic change, alcohol consumption and heart
disease mortality in nine industrialized countries. Social Science
and Medicine, Vol. 25, No. 2, 1987. 119-32 pp. Elmsford, New
York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This paper examines the question of
whether economic changes--including economic growth, unemployment and
business failures--and alcohol consumption by beverage type are
independently related to heart disease mortality. Controls for
cigarette and animal fat consumption are also employed in a
multivariate time series analysis. Data for nine countries in the post
World War II era are investigated: Australia, Canada, England and
Wales, Denmark, Federal Republic of Germany, Finland, France, Sweden
and the United States. In all nine countries unemployment and business
failures are positively related to heart disease mortality, and in
eight countries the trend of economic growth shows an inverse
relationship. The relation of alcohol consumption to heart disease
mortality depends on beverage type."
Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
53:30208 Capocaccia,
R.; Farchi, G.; Mariotti, S.; Verdecchia, A.; Angeli, A.; Morganti, P.;
Panichelli Fucci, M. L. Mortality in Italy in 1981.
[La mortalita in Italia nell' anno 1981.] Rapporti ISTISAN, No. 86/42,
Dec 1986. iv, 55 pp. Istituto Superiore di Sanita: Rome, Italy. In Ita.
The authors analyze causes of death in Italy in 1981. They examine
45 different causes of death by age and sex for the country as a whole,
the three major geographic regions, and individual provinces. This
volume is the third in a series, previous issues of which covered the
periods 1970-1979 and 1980.
Publisher's address: Viale Regina Elena
299, Rome 00161, Italy.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30209 Charlton,
John; Lakhani, Azim; Aristidou, Maria. How have "avoidable
death" indices for England and Wales changed? 1974-78 compared with
1979-83. Community Medicine, Vol. 8, No. 4, Nov 1986. 304-14 pp.
Oxford, England. In Eng.
Changes in age-standardized mortality
ratios for eight major disease groups in England and Wales are compared
for the periods 1974-1978 and 1979-1983 for the country as a whole and
its regions. "For each of the causes of death studied, except asthma,
the death rates have declined substantially. The degree of geographic
heterogeneity remains high, and for all disease groups apart from
appendicitis and maternal death, is greater than is likely to have
occurred by chance. Most of the increase in asthma deaths was in the
age group 15 to 34 years. For hypertension and stroke, tuberculosis,
chronic rheumatic heart disease and appendicitis the relative decline
has been fairly uniform across age groups. For cervical cancer there
has been a rise in mortality amongst women aged less than 44 years and
a fall in the older age groups."
Author's address: Department of
Community Medicine, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St.
Thomas' Hospitals, St. Thomas' Campus, London SE1 7EH,
England.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, MD.
53:30210 de Freitas,
Eduardo. Suicide and the young population. [Suicidio
e populacao jovem.] Revista do Centro de Estudos Demograficos, No. 27,
1985. 137-57 pp. Lisbon, Portugal. In Por. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
Trends in suicide among age groups 10-14, 15-19, and 20-24 in
Portugal are analyzed for the period 1963-1983. Differences are noted
between the north and south and between urban and rural areas.
Consideration is also given to the impact on suicide rates of changes
over time in the educational system and in the
economy.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30211 Decarli,
Adriano; La Vecchia, Carlo; Mezzanotte, Guerrino; Cislaghi,
Cesare. Birth cohort, time, and age effects in Italian
cancer mortality. Cancer, Vol. 59, No. 6, Mar 15, 1987. 1,221-32
pp. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"Italian death
certification data from 1955 to 1979 for total cancer mortality and 30
cancer sites in the population aged 25 to 74, were analyzed using a
log-linear Poisson model to isolate the effects of birth cohort,
calendar period of death, and age. The most frequent cohort pattern
was characterized by increases up to the generations born between 1920
and 1930, followed by stabilization or a slight decrease." Differences
in cancer mortality by major site and sex over time are described. The
authors note that "total cancer mortality trends over the calendar
period of death were moderately increasing for men, and slightly
decreasing for women."
Second author's address: Mario Negri
Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan,
Italy.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, MD.
53:30212 Decarli,
Adriano; La Vecchia, Carlo. The probability of cancer
death in Italian males and females. Tumori, Vol. 73, No. 2, Apr
30, 1987. 91-7 pp. Milan, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita.
"Probabilities of cancer death in Italian males and females over
the calendar period 1955 to 1980 were computed from age-specific death
certification rates for various neoplasms and contemporary general life
tables of the whole Italian population. There were substantial
increases in eventual probabilities of total cancer mortality: from
16.9 to 27.1% for males and from 15.2 to 19.3% for females. The upward
trends were particularly large for lung (from 1.9 to 7.2%) and other
tobacco-related sites in males. In females, the largest increases were
for neoplasms of the intestines (from 1.6 to 3.0%) and breast from (1.9
to 3.1%). Separate analyses of probabilities of cancer death in
specific age intervals showed more limited changes in middle age, and
some moderate decrease at younger ages, probably attributable to
improved treatment."
Author's address: Istituto di Biometria
dell'Universita, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G. Venezian 1,
20133 Milan, Italy.
Location: U.S. National Library of
Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
53:30213 Duchene,
Josianne. A methodology for the joint study of cancer
morbidity and mortality: application to Sweden, 1961-1980. [Une
methodologie pour l'etude conjointe de la morbidite et de la mortalite
par cancer: application a la Suede 1961-80.] Departement de
Demographie Working Paper, No. 136, ISBN 2-87085-113-8. Apr 1987. 26
pp. Universite Catholique de Louvain, Departement de Demographie:
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; CIACO Editeur: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In
Fre.
The benefits and drawbacks of a method developed by A. H.
Pollard to analyze both morbidity and mortality from the same cause are
described. The data are for cancer in Sweden from 1961 to 1980. The
results show that although the occurrence of cancer has increased,
mortality from cancer has declined. The relationship between cancer
mortality and deaths from other causes is considered.
For the
article by Pollard, published in 1980, see 47:2215.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30214 El-Bolkiny,
Mohamed T. A demographic analysis of heterogeneous
coronary heart disease mortality rates over space and time. Pub.
Order No. DA8709026. 1986. 183 pp. University Microfilms International:
Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
The author examines variability in
mortality rates due to coronary heart disease among U.S. counties for
the period 1968-1978 using maximum likelihood estimation, the minimum
chi square method, and quasi likekihood estimation. Variations by
ethnic group, sex, and age group are also investigated. The findings
in each analysis are what is expected under a beta binomial
model.
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the
University of Connecticut.
Dissertation Abstracts International, A:
Humanities and Social Sciences 48(1).
53:30215 Farchi, G.;
Menotti, A.; Conti, S. Coronary risk factors and survival
probability from coronary and other causes of death. American
Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 126, No. 3, Sep 1987. 400-8 pp.
Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"The analysis concerns the two rural
Italian cohorts of the Seven Countries Study and includes [1,537] men
who, at the entry examination in 1960, were aged 40-59 years and whose
20-year follow-up examinations were complete for life status, dates,
and causes of death....The Cox proportional hazards regression model
was applied with a forward procedure to include the entry risk factors
in the model. First, total mortality was used as the endpoint. Then
the risk factors identified as being related to total mortality were
used to predict specific causes of death, i.e., coronary heart disease,
stroke, cancer, violent death, and other causes. Blood pressure
appeared as a nonspecific risk factor for all causes, including cancer
and violence, forced expiratory volume and arm circumference appeared
as nonspecific risk factors, smoking habits could not be easily
classified, and cholesterol was definitely specific only for coronary
deaths. Models for estimating survival probabilities from total
mortality and from any of several causes of death are
provided."
Author's address: Laboratorio di Epidemiologia e
Biostatistica, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299,
00161 Rome, Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SZ).
53:30216 Fortney,
Judith A.; Gadalla, Saad; Saleh, Saneya; Susanti, Inne; Potts, Malcolm;
Rogers, Susan M. Causes of death to women of reproductive
age in two developing countries. Population Research and Policy
Review, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1987. 137-48 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"In this study, deaths among women of reproductive age (15 to 49)
in two areas in developing countries were located, and family members
were interviewed. Local physcians reviewed the completed interviews
and determined the cause of death. Complications of pregnancy and
childbirth were the cause of 23% of the deaths in Menoufia, Egypt and
Bali, Indonesia. In Egypt, the first cause of death was circulatory
system disease (28%) followed by complications of childbirth and
pregnancy (23%), and trauma (14%, primarily burns). In Indonesia,
complications of pregnancy and childbirth was the first cause of death,
followed by infectious disease (22%), primarily tuberculosis), and
circulatory system disease (13%)."
Author's address: Family Health
International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30217 Greenberg,
Michael R. The changing geography of major causes of death
among middle age white Americans, 1939-1981. Socio-Economic
Planning Sciences, Vol. 21, No. 4, 1987. 223-8 pp. Elmsford, New
York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Urban areas, especially the
Northeast, are assumed to have the highest death rates from chronic
diseases in the United States. Based on analysis of age-adjusted death
rates of the white population 35-64 from 1939-1941 through 1979-1981,
it is shown that chronic disease rates in the urban Northeast and
Midwest have declined compared to the rest of the United States. High
rates of chronic as well as traumatic causes of death now characterize
the South. Hypotheses are offered to explain these changes, including
changes in lifestyle, differences in state government policies, the
changing geography of industry and ethnic populations, and the spread
of medical care."
Author's address: Department of Urban Studies,
Kilmer Campus, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
08903.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:30218 Hanai,
Aya. Estimation of the number of cancer survivors in
Japan. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research (Gann), Vol. 77, No. 7,
Jul 1986. 648-56 pp. Toyko, Japan. In Eng.
"The authors estimated
the numbers and rates of survivors from cancer ('prevalence') in Japan
as of January 1, 1985 based on the number of cancer patients for all
sites diagnosed since 1960. 1) The number of cancer patients in Japan
diagnosed during the period from 1960 to 1984 was estimated to be
4,686,352 (both sexes). 2) Of these, the number of cancer survivors as
of January 1, 1985 was estimated to be 952,870 (both sexes). 3) Among
the survivors 430,940 were diagnosed in the final five years from
1980-1984. 4) The results were compared with those reported from the
USA and Finland."
Author's address: Department of Field Research,
Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, 3-3, Nakamichi-1, Higashinari-Ku,
Osaka 537, Japan.
Location: U.S. National Library of
Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
53:30219 Hardy, Ann
M.; Starcher, E. Thomas; Morgan, W. Meade; Druker, Julie; Kristal,
Alan; Day, Jeanne M.; Kelly, Chet; Ewing, Earl; Curran, James
W. Review of death certificates to assess completeness of
AIDS case reporting. Public Health Reports, Vol. 102, No. 4,
Jul-Aug 1987. 386-91 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"To assess the
level of reporting of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases,
the authors reviewed death certificates for periods of 3 months during
July through December 1985 in each of four cities: Washington, DC, New
York City, Boston, and Chicago. Since reporting began in 1981, these
cities have reported 38 percent of all AIDS cases in the United States.
Death certificates were selected and matched to the AIDS surveillance
registries in each city, and medical records of those not on the AIDS
registry were reviewed to determine if AIDS had been diagnosed. The
estimated completeness of AIDS case reporting to AIDS surveillance
systems was high in all four cities (ranging from 83 percent to 100
percent.)"
Author's address: Special Projects Section, Surveillance
and Evaluation Branch, AIDS Program, Center for Infectious Diseases,
Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30220 Hernandez
Avila, Mauricio; Walker, Alexander M. Age dependence of
cohort phenomena in breast cancer mortality in the United States.
American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 126, No. 3, Sep 1987. 377-84 pp.
Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"Breast cancer mortality has increased
in most parts of the world, and many explanations have been postulated.
In this paper, the authors examined the evolution of mortality rates
for white and nonwhite females in the United States from 1950-1979.
Using both graphic techniques and Poisson regression models, they found
that there has been strong modification of apparent cohort effects by
age. For both white and nonwhite females, they observed an increase in
mortality rates limited to the postmenopausal ages."
Author's
address: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University School of
Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA
02115.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
53:30221 Horner,
Ronnie D.; Chirikos, Thomas N. Survivorship differences in
geographical comparisons of cancer mortality: an urban-rural
analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 16, No. 2,
Jun 1987. 184-9 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The survival
experience of white male cancer patients residing in rural and urban
areas is examined using cancer registry data." The data are for 1,178
white U.S. males whose first primary malignancy was recorded between
1977 and 1981. "A multi-variable proportional hazards model is
specified to determine the unique effect of geographical residence on
survival. Only for cancers of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract are
there statistically significant differences in survivorship by
geographical residence. This suggests that for most cancers, survival
differences are not likely to play a confounding role in geographical
comparisons of cancer mortality rates. However for GI cancers, survival
differences should probably be considered in geographical-oriented
analyses and their interpretation."
Author's address: Department of
Family Medicine, East Carolina University School of Medicine, P.O. Box
1846, Greenville, NC 27834.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30222 Junge, B.;
Hoffmeister, H. Mean age at death for selected causes of
death and the mortality rate in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1958
and 1978. [Das mittlere Sterbealter fur ausgewahlte Todesursachen
und die Mortalitatsstruktur in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1958 und
1978.] Lebensversicherungsmedizin, Vol. 39, No. 2, Mar 1, 1987. 50-5
pp. Karlsruhe, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger. with sum. in Eng.
The mean age at death from various major causes of death, in the
Federal Republic of Germany for 1958 and 1968 are compared. The causes
of death considered include heart disease, cerebrovascular disease,
stomach cancer, lung cancer, liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, and
motor vehicle accidents. The implications for life expectancy of
changes in the mean age at death from these causes are
considered.
Author's address: Institut fur Sozialmedizin und
Epidemiologie des BGA, General-Pape-Strasse 62-66, 1000 Berlin 42,
Federal Republic of Germany.
Location: U.S. National
Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
53:30223 Kern, Klaus
D.; Braun, Werner. A regional comparison of mortality from
selected causes. [Sterblichkeit an ausgewahlten Todesursachen im
regionalen Vergleich.] Wirtschaft und Statistik, No. 4, Apr 1987.
319-25 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger.
In this
study of mortality in the Federal Republic of Germany, the author
describes methods used in and results of a regional study of causes of
death by state. The data analyzed are for the years 1980-1985. Causes
compared include carcinoma; circulatory, respiratory, and digestive
system diseases; accidents; and suicide. Tables provide information on
death according to selected causes and state, 1980-1985; life
expectancy at birth by state, 1970-1972 and 1980-1985; and deaths by
cause and state for people up to age 75 based on the 1980-1985 life
tables. Results indicate that despite general decreases in mortality
and increases in life expectancy, regional differences
persist.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
53:30224 Kono,
Suminori; Isa, Abdul R.; Ogimoto, Itsuro; Yoshimura, Takesumi.
Cause-specific mortality among Koreans, Chinese and Americans in
Japan, 1973-1982. International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 16,
No. 3, Sep 1987. 415-9 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Mortalities
from selected causes from 1973 to 1982 among Koreans, Chinese, and
Americans residing in Japan were compared with those of Japanese. In
the Korean population, besides the well-documented excess in
mortalities from liver cancer, lung cancer, liver cirrhosis and male
tuberculosis, a rather prominent elevation was observed for mortalities
from female tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus in both sexes.
Distinctive features in the Chinese population were increased
mortalities from liver cancer and female lung cancer and lowered
mortality from stomach cancer, and these findings are consistent with
the observations among Chinese in other areas. Americans in Japan by
and large showed a mortality pattern similar to that in the U.S.
although mortality from stroke among female Americans was rather
elevated during the period 1973-1977."
Author's address: Department
of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma,
Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-01, Japan.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30225 Leboucher,
L.; Arrighi, J.; Valleron, A. J. The impact of alcoholism
mortality on the entire population and on the employed French
population. [Impact de la mortalite par "alcoolisme" sur
l'ensemble de la population et sur la population active francaises.]
Revue d'Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique/Epidemiology and Public
Health, Vol. 34, No. 6, 1986. 382-6 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with
sum. in Eng.
The impact of alcohol on mortality among the
population of France as a whole and among the economically active
population in particular is reviewed. The demographic indexes are life
expectancy and active life expectancy; the data concern 1978. The
results indicate that mortality from alcohol, particularly among men,
is twice that calculated by simply adding deaths due to alcoholism and
liver cirrhosis and that it approaches the magnitude of accident
mortality.
Author' address: INSERM U263, Unite de Recherches
Biomathematiques et Biostatistiques, Tour 53, 1er etage, 2 Place
Jussieu, F 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France.
Location: U.S.
National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
53:30226 Lester,
David. The stability of national suicide rates in Europe:
1875-1975. Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 71, No. 3, Apr
1987. 208 pp. Los Angeles, California. In Eng.
This one-page
article "compares suicide rates of European nations in the period
1871-1875...with the suicide rates of those nations in 1975....[It is
found that] national suicide rates are relatively stable and thus
suitable as target variables for sociological theories that seek to
account for suicide rates. Furthermore, the stability of national
suicide rates over such a long period of time argues for their
accuracy, since national certification-of-death procedures by medical
examiners would be expected to vary over such a long
period."
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:30227 MacKenzie,
Betsy. The decline of stroke mortality. Canadian
Social Trends, Autumn 1987. 34-7 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng.
The
author traces the decline in the number of deaths due to stroke in
Canada between 1950 and 1985. Age and sex differences in stroke
mortality are noted, and the role of treatment for hypertension is
discussed. For comparative purposes, stroke death rates for selected
other countries are provided.
Author's address: Canadian Social
Trends, 11th Floor, Jean Talon Building, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OT6,
Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:30228 Manton,
Kenneth G.; Myers, George C. Recent trends in
multiple-caused mortality 1968 to 1982: age and cohort
components. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 6, No. 2,
1987. 161-76 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Declines in
mortality at advanced ages have been observed recently in the United
States. These declines have been related to a reduction in the risk of
major circulatory diseases, such as stroke and heart disease. In this
paper we examine the contribution of two additional major factors in
those declines. The first is the effect of conditions associated with
circulatory diseases. This effect can be examined by using
multiple-cause mortality data in which all conditions reported by the
physician on the death certificates are recorded. The second is the
contribution of cohort mortality differentials to temporal changes. If
major cohort differentials are identified, we may be able to determine
if recent declines in mortality are likely to continue--and to what
levels. Such insights would be useful both in improving projections of
the size and age structure of the U.S. elderly population and its
entitlement groups and in helping to identify future patterns of needs
for preventive and other health services."
Author's address: Center
of Demographic Studies, Duke University, Durham, NC
27706.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30229 McLoone,
P.; Crombie, I. K. Trends in suicide in Scotland 1974-84:
an increasing problem. British Medical Journal, Vol. 295, No.
6599, Sep 12, 1987. 629-31 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"A detailed
investigation of trends in suicide rates in Scotland from 1974 to 1984
showed a complex pattern. Overall rates for men increased by 40% with
the greatest increases in those aged 45-64. In contrast, rates for
women showed a small decline, which was most noticeable in those aged
15-24." Data are from official sources. Changes in method of suicide
over time are also analyzed.
Author's address: Cardiovascular
Epidemiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1
9SY, Scotland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
53:30230 Menotti,
A.; Mariotti, S.; Seccareccia, F.; Torsello, S.; Dima, F.
Determinants of all causes of death in samples of Italian
middle-aged men followed up for 25 years. Journal of Epidemiology
and Community Health, Vol. 41, No. 3, Sep 1987. 243-50 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
"A total of 1,712 men aged 40 to 59 years in two
rural cohorts of northern and central Italy have been followed up for
25 years after an entry examination in 1960. Forty one individual
characteristics have been considered as possible predictors of death in
the next 25 years. After exclusion of 55 men with life threatening
diseases (cardiovascular and cancer) and of 161 men because of missing
measurements, 1,495 men have been analysed for relation between entry
factors and subsequent death (n=670). Twelve factors eventually
emerged as powerful predictors of future death: in hierarchical order,
age, blood pressure, forced expiratory volume, cigarette smoking,
xanthelasma, mother life-status, arm circumference, father life-status,
shoulder-pelvis ratio, vital capacity, arcus senilis, and serum
cholesterol."
Author's address: Laboratory of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome,
Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30231
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (New York, New
York). Homicide: a current overview. Statistical
Bulletin, Vol. 68, No. 4, Oct-Dec 1987. 13-21 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
Differentials by age, race, sex, and region in mortality by
homicide in the United States during the 1980s are analyzed. The data
are from official U.S. sources. It is noted that some 21,000 deaths
from this cause were recorded in 1986 and that this was the fourth
leading cause of years of potential life lost before age 65 in
1985.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30232 Perez
Moreda, Vicente. The plague of 1647-1657 in the Western
Mediterranean. [La peste de 1647-1657 en el Mediterraneo
occidental.] Boletin de la Asociacion de Demografia Historica, Vol. 5,
No. 2, 1987. 14-25 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa.
This is a survey of
the literature concerning the plague outbreak that occurred in the
Western Mediterranean in the mid-seventeenth century. The author first
reviews the chronology and itinerary of the epidemic, which began in
Valencia in June 1647. He then examines loss of life in the affected
areas. Finally he discusses various topics related to the epidemic,
including the reliability of data in parochial registries, the impact
of the epidemic on nuptiality and family structure, apparent female
excess mortality, medical and sanitary efforts dealing with the
epidemic, and its demographic and socioeconomic
consequences.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30233 Reed,
Janie; Camus, Joan; Last, John M. Suicide in Canada:
birth-cohort analysis. Canadian Journal of Public Health/Revue
Canadienne de Sante Publique, Vol. 76, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1985. 43-7 pp.
Ottawa, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Analysis of suicide
mortality in Canada by birth cohort shows that the mortality rates have
been higher at all ages in each successive generation of birth. Among
the most recently born cohorts, for whom information is available so
far only until early adult life, the increase over earlier-born
generations has been particularly sharp. The mortality differentials
from one birth cohort to the next are considerably higher for males
than females. The analysis also reveals the impact of the Great
Depression (elevation of rates) and of World War II (decline of rates)
on age-specific suicide mortality rates in the generations in early
adult life during those periods."
Third author's address:
Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, 451 Smyth Road,
Ottowa K1H 8M5, Canada.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:30234 Stack,
Steven. The effect of female participation in the labor
force on suicide: a time series analysis, 1948-1980. Sociological
Forum, Vol. 2, No. 2, Spring 1987. 257-77 pp. Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
The author considers two approaches to studying the impact of
female labor force participation (FLFP) on suicide in the United
States. One approach is based on the assumption that female labor
force participation creates stress and increases suicide among both men
and women; the other assumes that the benefits, including higher
income, outweigh the cost and should cause a decrease in the suicide
rate. The author "formulates a third, synthetic view on the effects of
FLFP on suicide based on the cultural context surrounding FLFP.
Control variables are included from the domestic integration and
economic paradigms." A time-series analysis is given for the periods
1948-1963 and 1964-1980 and for contemporary males and
females.
Author's address: Department of Sociology, Auburn
University, Auburn, AL 36849.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30235 Tuomilehto,
Jaakko; Salonen, Jukka T.; Marti, Bernard; Jalkanen, Laura; Puska,
Pekka; Nissinen, Aulikki; Wolf, Eva. Body weight and risk
of myocardial infarction and death in the adult population of eastern
Finland. British Medical Journal, Vol. 295, No. 6599, Sep 12,
1987. 623-7 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"Body mass index...and its
association with the risk of myocardial infarction and death from all
causes were studied prospectively in a randomly selected population
sample in eastern Finland aged 30-59 at outset in 1972. The study
population consisted of 3,786 men and 4,120 women." Over nine years of
follow-up, 223 men and 92 women died from various causes. "Independent
of age, men with a body mass index of 28.5 or more had a significantly
higher incidence of acute myocardial infarction. This effect was also
independent of smoking but not independent of biological coronary risk
factors--that is, serum cholesterol concentration and blood
pressure....Body mass index did not contribute significantly to the
risk of either acute myocardial infarction or death in women. It is
concluded that a body mass index of around 29.0-31.0 or more is not
only a marker for coronary risk factors but is also a predictor of
acute myocardial infarction in men."
Author's address: Department
of Epidemiology, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166,
SF-00280 Helsinki, Finland.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
53:30236 Tuomilehto,
Jaakko; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Torppa, Jorma. WHO MONICA
Project: geographic variation in mortality from cardiovascular
diseases. Baseline data on selected population characteristics and
cardiovascular mortality. [Projet MONICA de l'OMS: variation
geographique de la mortalite par maladies cardio-vasculaires. Donnees
de base relatives a certaines caracteristiques demographiques et a la
mortalite par maladies cardio-vasculaires.] World Health Statistics
Quarterly/Rapport Trimestriel de Statistiques Sanitaires Mondiales,
Vol. 40, No. 2, 1987. 171-84 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng; Fre.
Patterns of mortality from cardiovascular diseases in populations
included in the MONICA project are analyzed by age and sex. The MONICA
project, developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), involves 40
centers in 26 countries, which have been collecting data since at least
1984 in order to measure trends in mortality and morbidity from
coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Data are from
surveys, coronary and stroke registers, and official
sources.
Author's address: MONICA Data Centre, National Public
Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Helsinki,
Finland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30237 Vallin,
Jacques; Mesle, France; Nizard, Alfred. Causes of death in
France from 1925 to 1978: reclassification according to etiologic and
anatomic categories. 1. Distribution of deaths. [Les causes de
deces en France de 1925 a 1978: reclassement par categories
etiologiques et anatomiques. 1. Repartition des deces.] INED Travaux
et Documents Cahier, No. 115, Annexe VI, 1987. 471 pp. Institut
National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France; Presses
Universitaires de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
This is the sixth
in a planned series of seven reference documents to be prepared by the
Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques (INED) in conjunction with a
forthcoming publication concerning causes of death in France from 1925
to 1978. In the present document, the authors reclassify all deaths
during this period according to both etiologic and anatomic criteria.
The two types of categories are defined, and a table is presented
showing the correspondence between these categories and those contained
in the eighth revision of the International Classification of Diseases.
Tables and graphs are used to present information concerning annual
changes in the number of deaths by sex and age according to etiologic
and anatomic category.
For Annexe V by Vallin and Mesle, also
published in 1987, see 53:20226.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:30238 Vallin,
Jacques; Mesle, France. Causes of death in France from
1925 to 1978: reclassification according to etiological and anatomical
categories. 2. Results following the distribution of deaths by
indeterminate cause. [Les causes de deces en France de 1925 a
1978: reclassement par categories etiologiques et anatomiques. 2.
Resultats apres repartition des deces de cause indeterminee.] INED
Travaux et Documents Cahier, No. 115, Annexe VII, 1987. 263 pp.
Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France;
Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
This is
the last in a series of seven reference documents prepared by the
Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques (INED) in conjunction with a
forthcoming publication concerning causes of death in France from 1925
to 1978. In this document, the authors present tables and graphs
concerning the distribution of deaths of indeterminate cause. Nine
etiologic categories and 15 anatomic categories are analyzed. A method
for distributing deaths of indeterminate cause among these categories
is used. Annual mortality rates by sex and age for various causes of
death are compared.
For Annexe VI by Vallin, Mesle, and Alfred
Nizard, also published in 1987, see elsewhere in this issue.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30239 Winikoff,
Beverly; Sullivan, Maureen. Assessing the role of family
planning in reducing maternal mortality. Studies in Family
Planning, Vol. 18, No. 3, May-Jun 1987. 128-43 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
"This paper assesses the impact of family planning in
averting maternal deaths, and discusses the overall ability of risk
strategies to address the bulk of maternal mortality. The practical
difficulties of providing effective contraception to populations with
high maternal mortality are addressed, and the need for maternal health
care services as an adjunct to useful family planning programs is
emphasized. Although family planning cannot by itself cause a
substantial reduction in risk of pregnancy, the combined strategies of
general fertility reduction, abortion services, and family planning for
high-risk groups might effectively address about half of all maternal
mortality in the developing world." The geographic focus is
worldwide.
Author's address: Population Council, One Dag
Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:30240 Wrigley, J.
Michael; Nam, Charles B. Underlying versus multiple causes
of death: effects on interpreting cancer mortality differentials by
age, sex, and race. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 6,
No. 2, 1987. 149-60 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The
conventional approach to measuring the medical; cause of death in
mortality analysis bases death on a single, underlying cause. An
alternative approach, which makes use of all of the medical conditions
cited by a physician on the death certificate and treats them in a
multiple-cause framework, is compared with the conventional approach in
studying differential mortality among those 45 years of age and older
in Florida. The two approaches are seen to provide different patterns
of information that have analytical as well as policy ramifications."
Data are for 1980.
Author's address: Florida Department of Health
and Rehabilitative Services, Tallahassee, FL
32301.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
