53:20711 Baker,
John. Comparing national priorities: family and
population policy in Britain and France. Journal of Social Policy,
Vol. 15, No. 4, Oct 1986. 421-42 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
Policies affecting demographic conditions and the family in the
United Kingdom and France are compared. The author notes that the
recent discussion concerning the State Earnings Related Pension Scheme
in terms of unfavorable demographic forecasts for the twenty-first
century has emphasized that British politicians and social policy
analysts pay little attention to population size and structure.
"Further, the attention is normally confined to the question of how
policy should adapt to demographic change, rather than how to modify
it, although Britain has an implicit policy of restricting family
size." The contrast between France and the United Kingdom is observed
"first, over the priority given to demographic issues by statesmen and
academics; and second, over the advantages and problems seen in
different demographic futures. [The author] argues that family policy
needs to be seen in a demographic context."
Author's address:
Department of Social Policy and Professional Studies, University of
Hull, HU6 7RX, England.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SF).
53:20712 Kempeneers,
Marianne; Poirier, Jean; Gauvreau, Danielle; Neill, Ghyslaine.
Demography and society: a research note concerning population
policies. [Demographie et societe: une note de recherche a propos
des politiques de population.] Cahiers Quebecois de Demographie, Vol.
15, No. 2, Oct 1986. 287-95 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre.
A review
of the current debate concerning population policies appropriate for
the province of Quebec is first presented. The authors conclude that
population decline is a symptom of a social malaise that cannot be
cured by the adoption of a pro-natalist policy and that the primary
objective of population policies should be to reduce social
inequalities and improve the quality of life, thus creating a social
climate in which people would choose to have
children.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20713 Klinger,
Andras; Monigl, Istvan. Long-term concepts of Hungarian
population policy. Zeitschrift fur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol.
12, No. 4, 1986. 457-72 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of. In
Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
The development and long-term effects
of current population policy in Hungary are examined. Based on
recommendations of Hungarian demographers, the policy was established
in 1985 in response to fertility decline, mortality increase, decreased
nuptiality, and increased divorce. Its key goals are to combat
relatively high mortality, to promote stability of families, to improve
the population structure, and to promote higher fertility levels.
Specifics of the planned short-, medium-, and long-term measures are
discussed. An increase in the number of births since policy
implementation is noted.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:20714 Laroque,
Pierre; Lenoir, Remi. Family policy in France since
1945. [La politique familiale en France depuis 1945.] ISBN
2-11-001531-4. LC 86-181455. Jun 1985. 386 pp. Ministere des Affaires
Sociales et de la Solidarite Nationale: Paris, France; Documentation
Francaise: Paris, France. In Fre.
This is a general
interdisciplinary review of developments in family policy in France
since 1945. The first chapter describes the major changes in policy
that were adopted over this period and the economic, political, and
social factors associated with those changes. The following chapters
describe the transformations that have affected family structures,
civil and family law, family allowances, and social policy in
general.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington,
D.C.
53:20715 O'Reilly,
William M. The deadly neo-colonialism: report on
population control in Bangladesh. [1985?]. 37 pp. Human Life
International: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author examines
population activities funded by the United States in Bangladesh. The
process whereby U.S. funds are channeled through multilateral and host
country organizations down to local family planning clinics is
described. The author concludes that "the government of Bangladesh is
moving towards the Chinese model of population control with a national
policy designed to reduce the birth rate drastically [and that] U.S.
foreign aid is used to fund abortions and monetary incentives for
sterilization in violation of the Foreign Assistance
Act."
Publisher's address: 418 C Street NE, Washington, DC
20002.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20716 Peru.
Consejo Nacional de Poblacion [CNP] (Lima, Peru).
Population policies in Peru (annotated bibliography).
[Politicas de poblacion en el Peru (bibliografia anotada).]
Bibliografias Tematicas, No. 1, 1985. viii, 91 pp. Lima, Peru. In Spa.
This is an annotated bibliography of 140 works published since 1970
concerning the study and analysis of population policy development in
Peru. Sections are included on methodological, theoretical, and
conceptual studies; experiences of other Latin American countries in
policy development; policy development in Peru, with a focus on
interrelations between population and factors including education,
employment, health, quality of life, and national planning; reports on
national and international conferences; documents outlining legal
standards of policy in Peru and other countries; and sources to be used
for in-depth studies of population policy. Indexes of authors,
subjects, and conferences are included.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20717 Richards,
Guy. An essay on Canada's population with remarks on
Roderic Beaujot's observations. Canadian Studies in Population,
Vol. 13, No. 2, 1986. 193-200 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng.
The
author comments on a recent article by Roderic Beaujot concerning the
development of population policy in Canada. A reply by Beaujot (pp.
199-200) is included
Author's address: University of Saskatchewan,
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
For the article by Beaujot,
published in 1985, see 52:30778.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20718 Rodriguez,
Daniel; Yocelevzky, Ricardo. Politics and population in
Latin America: a review of the conclusions of PISPAL. [Politica y
poblacion en America Latina: revision de los aportes del PISPAL.] ISBN
968-12-0344-5. 1986. 141 pp. Programa de Investigaciones Sociales sobre
Poblacion en America Latina [PISPAL]: Mexico City, Mexico; Colegio de
Mexico: Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa.
An attempt is made to
summarize the results of research conducted under the Program of Social
Investigations Concerning Population in Latin America (PISPAL)
regarding the relationship between population and policies in the
region. Consideration is given to policies pertaining to the reduction
of fertility and to spatial distribution. The general conclusion drawn
is that research to date has outlined issues rather than provided
guidelines for practical policy development.
Location: New
York Public Library.
53:20719 Swan,
George S. The political economy of American family policy,
1945-85. Population and Development Review, Vol. 12, No. 4, Dec
1986. 739-58, 822, 824 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Spa.
"The division of labor between spouses, both in principle
and as practiced in the United States today, is discussed and its
implications for public policy, especially in regard to divorce, are
explored. Various public policies of recent decades have enhanced the
sway of the central political authority over the family. Overt
political manipulation of the economic climate enveloping American
families caused (or in any case preceded) widespread subsequent changes
in the typical family. Changes such as those in family configuration
caused (or in any case accompanied) shifts in public opinion on several
legal issues, such as those related to abortion and women's rights. It
is argued, however, that if afforded a free field of action in
political economy terms, the family unit will be strengthened and
inequalities between men and women will tend to
lessen."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20720 United
Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs (New
York, New York). Population policy briefs: the current
situation in developed countries, 1985. Population Policy Paper,
No. 3; ST/ESA/SER.R/63, 1987. v, 43 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
This is the fourth in a series of reports on population policies
around the world. The present report concerns 35 developed countries
and is compiled from data collected from the Fifth U.N. Population
Inquiry among Governments: Monitoring of Government Perceptions and
Policies on Demographic Trends and Levels in Relation to Development,
which was carried out in 1982. These data are supplemented from other
sources. "This report is an attempt to present on a systematic basis a
very brief summary of Governments' current perceptions and policies in
relation to population growth, fertility, health, international
migration and spatial distribution." The results show that "declining
fertility levels--in some cases to below replacement level, mortality
differentials, the aging of the population, the volume of foreign-born
population, and inappropriate spatial distribution are some of the
common concerns of the developed countries in reference to population
policy."
For a previous report concerning population policies in
developing countries, published in 1986, see 52:40770.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20721 Aguirre,
Alejandro. Population growth rate of one percent in the
year 2000: an unattainable target. [Tasa de crecimiento
poblacional de 1% en al ano 2000: una meta inalcanzable.] Estudios
Demograficos y Urbanos, Vol. 1, No. 3, Sep-Dec 1986. 443-74 pp. Mexico
City, Mexico. In Spa.
The author demonstrates the unattainability
of Mexico's population policy target of reducing the natural increase
rate to one percent by the end of this century. In order to reach this
goal, the net reproduction rate would have to decrease to significantly
below replacement level, or 0.667; this would produce dramatic changes
in the age structure as well. The policy's objectives are also
analyzed in terms of the extent of family planning necessary to reach
the target growth rate.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:20722 Blanchet,
Didier. The demographic impact of various measures of
family policy: a tentative evaluation. [Les effets demographiques
de differentes mesures de politique familiale: un essai d'evaluation.]
Population, Vol. 42, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1987. 99-127 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"This paper examines the demographic
impact of different kinds of family allowances under the two
assumptions that (1) the cost of children is actually one of the
reasons why the level of fertility remains low and (2) that couples are
willing to consider family allowances as indirect reductions of this
cost. The analysis relies on a model of fertility behavior which is of
the multinomial logit type. We give evaluations of the potential
impact of family allowances according to the rank of children, and we
also consider the case of selective allowances either limited to
working or to non-working mothers. We also draw a distinction between
the impact of a given allowance, i.e. the increase in the number of
births it implies, and its efficiency, i.e. its impact divided by its
total cost for the community. The analysis relies both on analytical
and simulation methods. As an example, we consider [in] some detail
the impact of a particular allowance, the 'allocation parentale
d'education' as introduced in the French system in 1985 and modified
since."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20723 Demeny,
Paul. Pronatalist policies in low-fertility countries:
patterns, performance, and prospects. In: Below-replacement
fertility in industrial societies: causes, consequences, policies,
edited by Kingsley Davis, Mikhail S. Bernstam, and Rita
Ricardo-Campbell. Population and Development Review, Vol. 12, Suppl.,
1987. 335-58 pp. Population Council: New York, New York. In Eng.
"The aim of this article is to...[examine] the patterns of
pronatalist policies that have been applied thus far in countries in
which too-low fertility has been recognized as a social problem
requiring government action; [assess] the performance of these
policies; and [discuss] the main public policy options democratic
governments face if they wish to approach replacement fertility
starting from a below-replacement level." The rationale for
pro-natalist policy and the causes and dynamics of below-replacement
fertility are first discussed. The author then presents a description
of patterns in pro-natalist policy; an evaluation of the efficacy of
such policies, including discussion of the problems of studying policy
performance; and a discussion of prospects and options for pro-natalist
policy.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20724 Heckel,
Nancy I. Innovations in population law and policy in
sub-Saharan Africa: 1975-1985. CPFH Working Paper Series, No. 27,
Aug 1986. 27 pp. Columbia University, Faculty of Medicine, Center for
Population and Family Health [CPFH]: New York, New York. In Eng.
The author outlines the population policies of the 13 sub-Saharan
African countries that have issued separate population policy documents
or development plans with sections pertaining to population. Also
included is the 1985 Nigerian draft policy. The objectives, family
planning services, information and education measures, research and
evaluation measures, and other key policy measures detailed in each of
these policy documents are summarized. The liberalization during the
past decade of various laws concerning contraception is also
considered.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20725 Heitlinger,
Alena. Reproduction, medicine and the Socialist
state. ISBN 0-312-67403-1. LC 85-26112. 1987. xv, 318 pp. St.
Martin's Press: New York, New York. In Eng.
"This study is
concerned with the social and individual management of reproduction in
the state socialist societies in Eastern Europe, especially
Czechoslovakia." The author argues that the Socialist state's
intervention is particularly extensive in this area. "She points to
the systematic ideological programs on education for marriage and
parenthood, relatively easy access to abortion, protective legislation
for women, pregnancy and maternity leaves and the provision of free
pre-, intra- and post-natal medical care. She looks also at the
comprehensive system of pro-natalist fiscal incentives, consisting of
both direct cash benefits awarded to families and mothers, and
subsidized children's goods and services. Unlike the pluralistic West,
socialist collective debates on child-bearing are initiated from the
top down by the party and the professional elites, rather than from the
bottom up by various consumer and interest groups. The author
concludes, however, that the lack of broad participation in
decision-making on fertility policy has not meant, for the most part,
that women have been unable to exercise their reproductive rights
individually."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20726 Hooz,
Istvan. Family allowance and recent Socialist population
policy trends. Acta Universitatis Szegendiensis de Attila Jozsef
Nominatae: Acta Juridica et Politica, Vol. 36, No. 7, 1986. 91-101 pp.
Szeged, Hungary. In Eng.
The use of family allowances as a measure
of pro-natalist population policy in the USSR and Eastern Europe is
examined, with particular reference to the situation in Hungary. Wide
differences in the monetary value of these allowances, not associated
with current fertility differentials, are observed among the countries.
Consideration is given to optimal levels of child allowances and to
the possibility of differential allowances to various economic or
social groups.
Author's address: Pecsi Janus Pannonius
Tudomanyegyetem, Kozgazdasagtudomanyi Kar, Modszertan Tanszek, 7622
Pecs, Rakoczi ut 80, Hungary.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20727 Klinger,
Andras. Policy response and effects. In: European
Population Conference 1987. Plenaries/Congres Europeen de Demographie
1987. Seances plenieres, edited by the International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population and the European Association for
Population Studies. 1987. 387-434 pp. Central Statistical Office:
Helsinki, Finland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
The author examines
population policies undertaken in Europe in pursuit of a variety of
demographic goals, with a focus on policies affecting fertility and the
family. The recent experiences of selected European countries are
described. Among the governmental actions considered are reductions in
working hours for employed mothers, subsidized child care, housing
allowances, social services for children, and restricting access to
contraception. The inadequacy of existing methods to assess population
policy effectiveness is discussed.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20728 Klinger,
Andras. Population policy measures: effects on
reproductive behaviour in Hungary. Population Bulletin of the
United Nations, No. 17, 1985. 64-79 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The present paper begins with a review of the history of fertility
trends and various aspects of population policy measures during the
post-war period in Hungary. The main focus of the paper is on the
possible demographic impact of those policy measures over time. The
methodological difficulties of making such an assessment are discussed
and the pertinent findings from the retrospective and prospective
longitudinal studies conducted by the Hungarian Central Statistical
Office are described. Public attitudes about the adequacy of the
population policy measures as well as trends in contraceptive use are
also discussed. Although the findings are only suggestive at this
point, they lend support to the belief that, to date, policies designed
to encourage fertility in Hungary have led primarily to an acceleration
of the birth of a second child at an earlier time rather than to an
undesired increase in family size, or in other words to a change in the
calendar of births rather than to a change in the complete size of the
family."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20729
Lam-Thanh-Liem. Family planning in Viet Nam.
[La planification familiale au Viet-Nam.] Population, Vol. 42, No. 2,
Mar-Apr 1987. 321-36 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
The author first describes the anti-natalist policies adopted in
Viet Nam in 1982 for economic reasons, including the limiting of
families to two children, obliging mothers of large families to accept
IUDs, and the performance of abortion without anesthetics, as well as
sanctions on party members and civil servants not conforming to
official fertility norms. The relative lack of demographic success to
date is noted. Attention is also paid to the health, psychological,
and physiological ill effects of the program.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20730 McIntosh,
C. Alison. Recent pronatalist policies in Western
Europe. In: Below-replacement fertility in industrial societies:
causes, consequences, policies, edited by Kingsley Davis, Mikhail S.
Bernstam, and Rita Ricardo-Campbell. Population and Development Review,
Vol. 12, Suppl., 1987. 318-34 pp. Population Council: New York, New
York. In Eng.
The author considers the reaction of selected
European governments to declining fertility, in particular noting
obstacles to pro-natalist policy. Weak public demand for population
policy is credited as the foremost impediment. It is also recognized
that public confidence in pro-natalist measures is low and that
arguments in favor of pro-natalist policy have not convinced the public
of its value as a source of national power. Family policy, political
factors, and labor and immigration policies are
considered.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20731 Mikhailova,
Pavlina. Social policy concerning the family in
Bulgaria. [Sotsialnata politika v oblastta na semeistvoto v
Balgariya.] Naselenie, Vol. 4, No. 4, 1986. 3-9 pp. Sofia, Bulgaria. In
Bul. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The pro-natalist social policy that has
been developed in Bulgaria is described. This policy focuses on the
development and protection of the nuclear family unit and on the
development of responsible attitudes toward marital and parental roles
among young people.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20732 Munz,
Rainer; Neyer, Gerda; Pelz, Monika. Female employment,
pregnancy leave, and reintegration into the work force.
[Frauenarbeit, Karenzurlaub und berufliche Wiedereingliederung.]
Demographische Informationen, 1986. 71-9, 146 pp. Vienna, Austria. In
Ger. with sum. in Eng.
This article summarizes a project conducted
between 1981 and 1985, in which "the research was aimed at a
comprehensive description of maternity protection legislation in
Austria and its effects on women's status within the family and on the
labour market." It includes a historical analysis of maternity
protection laws since the 1880s, an investigation into the theoretical
approaches to women's work and maternity leave and the connection to
women's participation in the labor market, a survey of women's
employment since the 1960s, an analysis of statistical data on
recipients of maternity leave payments in the 1980s, a study of the
relationship between women's working careers and confinement patterns,
and models and social policy reform proposals that would facilitate the
employment of mothers.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:20733 Obertreis,
Gesine. Family policy in the German Democratic Republic,
1945-1980. [Familienpolitik in der DDR 1945-1980.] Forschungstexte
Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften, Vol. 17, ISBN 3-8100-0566-5.
1986. v, 378 pp. Leske und Budrich: Opladen, Germany, Federal Republic
of. In Ger.
The development of family policy in the German
Democratic Republic over the period 1945-1980 is examined. In the
first section of the book, the theoretical and Marxist ideological
basis for German family policy is described. The second section
focuses on the various policy measures adopted and the economic,
social, and political context in which they were carried out.
Attention is given to efforts to influence reproductive behavior since
1972. A final section deals with the impact that family policies have
had.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20734 Perreault,
Jeanine; Costa, Rosalinda; George, M. V. Quebec's
population decline: if it is foreseeable, is it avoidable? [La
decroissance de la population du Quebec: si on peut la prevoir,
peut-on la prevenir?] Cahiers Quebecois de Demographie, Vol. 15, No. 2,
Oct 1986. 213-25 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Quebec's fertility is the lowest in Canada, and it is most likely
that its population is heading for a decline. In this paper, the
authors try to make explicit some of the scenarios which could prevent
this decline. They first briefly present the current trends and
specify the assumptions used in the simulation. Then, they analyse the
results by investigating the onset of the decline and the maximum size
of the population. And finally, they present some of the replacement
scenarios which may prevent the decline."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20735 Sun,
Yuesheng; Wei, Zhangling. The one-child policy in China
today. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, Vol. 18, No. 2,
Summer 1987. xii, xx, 309-25 pp. Calgary, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Spa.
This article describes the achievements of and future
prospects for China's one-child population policy. The reasons for the
adoption of the policy are first presented. The positive effects of
the policy are identified as higher standards of living, social
development regarding the family and status of women, improved quality
of life, and increased social assistance. The negative effects noted
are psychosocial pressures on only children and their families,
unbalanced sex ratios, higher levels of divorce, and demographic
aging.
Author's address: Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,
Jianguomennei, Dajie 5 Hao, Beijing, China.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SSA).
53:20736 Briggs,
Vernon M. The "albatross" of immigration reform:
temporary worker policy in the United States. International
Migration Review, Vol. 20, No. 4, Winter 1986. 995-1,019 pp. Staten
Island, New York. In Eng.
The author examines the history of U.S.
labor and immigration policies, paying particular attention to the
evolution of the temporary worker policy. Complications in the
immigration reform process caused by efforts to admit more temporary
workers are discussed. The position of the Reagan administration,
Senate and House consideration of immigration and temporary worker
bills, and the political controversies surrounding this issue are
reviewed. The author points out that it was not until the major
temporary worker proposals were finally removed from the Simpson-Rodino
Act that passage of legislation was achieved, and he anticipates that
efforts will eventually be made to revive temporary worker policy and
thereby rekindle the debate.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:20737 Crepeau,
Francois. Categories of immigrants and "levels of
immigration" in Canada: a voluntarist policy. [Categories
d'immigrants et "niveaux d'immigration" au Canada: une politique
volontariste.] Revue Europeenne des Migrations Internationales, Vol. 2,
No. 2, Nov 1986. 145-64 pp. Poitiers, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng;
Spa.
The author examines current immigration policy in Canada.
"The Canadian immigration policy is based on a rigorous selection
process, but the appropriateness criteria play an important part, the
immigration officers being vested with a large power of assessment.
The immigrants are individually selected, in each category (family,
humanitarian or economic) according to an evaluation system taking into
account several criteria: languages, vocational training, work
experience, and, above all, the ability 'to become successfully
established in Canada'....The Government sets every year, for each
category, the number of immigrants to be admitted. The immigration
levels have been raised from 85,000 in 1985 to 115,000 immigrants in
1986, that is to say, more than a 30% increase....This rise has been
essentially to the advantage of qualified economic
immigration...."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20738 Dowty,
Alan. Emigration and expulsion in the third world.
Third World Quarterly, Vol. 8, No. 1, Jan 1986. 151-75 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
The factors affecting the development of migration
policies in developing countries are reviewed. These may include
political and ethnic pressures leading to the expulsion of groups of
people, and efforts to block the emigration of skilled
personnel.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
53:20739 Mehrlander,
U. Sociological aspects of migration policy: the case of
the Federal Republic of Germany. International
Migration/Migrations Internationales/Migraciones Internacionales, Vol.
25, No. 1, Mar 1987. 87-96 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng.
Recent
policy developments in the Federal Republic of Germany concerning the
foreign population are reviewed. The author notes that various
proposals to regularize the situation of foreign migrants have come up
against the obstacle of political opposition to immigration.
Particular attention is paid to the problems posed by second-generation
immigrants.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20740 Witton,
Ron. Changes in the structure of the population of
Australia and their social consequences. [Perubahan struktur
kependudukan Australia dan akibat sosialnya.] Majalah Demografi
Indonesia/Indonesian Journal of Demography, Vol. 13, No. 26, Dec 1986.
iii, 29-48 pp. Jakarta, Indonesia. In Ind. with sum. in Eng.
The
author examines the changes in Australia's immigration policy since
World War II and the impact of those changes, which abolished the
preference for white immigrants. Among the consequences are problems
posed by language, since many immigrants are now from
non-English-speaking countries, and problems of unemployment caused by
the change in the Australian economy from manufacturing to extractive
industries.
Author's address: Program Pasca Sarjana FISIPOL UGM,
Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
