53:20414
Abdelrahman, A. I.; Morgan, S. Philip.
Socioeconomic and institutional correlates of family formation:
Khartoum, Sudan, 1945-75. Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol.
49, No. 2, May 1987. 401-12 pp. Saint Paul, Minnesota. In Eng.
"This study examines socioeconomic and institutional correlates of
marriage timing in Khartoum, Sudan. Using a 1975 survey that was part
of the Changing African Family Project, we find that age at marriage
rose sharply across the later cohorts included in the study--over two
years across the 1965-75 marriage cohorts. Special attention focuses
on the effect of living with husband's parents after marriage and
marrying endogamously. Both are associated with sharply reduced ages
at marriage. But both these institutional patterns persist throughout
the period examined and cannot account for the observed change. The
increase in age at marriage is best described as recent, rapid, and
pervasive."
Author's address: Population Studies Center, 3718
Locust Walk, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
19104.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20415 Blanc, Ann
K. The formation and dissolution of second unions:
marriage and cohabitation in Sweden and Norway. Journal of
Marriage and the Family, Vol. 49, No. 2, May 1987. 391-400 pp. Saint
Paul, Minnesota. In Eng.
"As a result of high divorce rates and
increasing proportions of women in relatively unstable cohabiting
relationships, the population of women potentially entering second
unions has increased. Using recent survey data from Sweden and Norway
and life table techniques, this study examines both the rate at which
women form second unions and the type of union they choose to enter
(either marriage or cohabitation) as well as how this process has
changed over time. In addition, the extent to which women in second
premarital cohabitations and postmarital cohabitations marry and
separate is addressed. The results show that nonmarital cohabitation
is by far the preferred type of second union in both Sweden and
Norway...."
Author's address: Demographic and Health Surveys,
Institute for Resource Development, Westinghouse, Box 866, Columbia, MD
21044.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20416 Borisov,
Zdravko. Trends in the divorce rate in Bulgaria.
[Tendentsii v razvitieto na brakorazvodite v Balgariya.] Naselenie,
Vol. 4, No. 4, 1986. 42-51 pp. Sofia, Bulgaria. In Bul. with sum. in
Eng; Rus.
Divorce trends in Bulgaria are examined. The author
notes that not only is the number of divorces increasing steadily, but
also the average age at divorce is increasing. Geographic differences
in the divorce rate are also noted, with higher rates in the more
urbanized areas.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20417 Braun,
Werner. Divorces, 1985. [Ehescheidungen 1985.]
Wirtschaft und Statistik, No. 12, Dec 1986. 968-73 pp. Wiesbaden,
Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger.
Information is presented on
divorces in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1985. Some comparative
data from earlier years are also included. After a general overview,
divorce rates are analyzed according to duration of marriage, year of
divorce, and year of marriage. A final section deals with regional
differences in divorce rates.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20418 Burch,
Thomas K.; Madan, Ashok K. Union formation and
dissolution: results from the 1984 Family History Survey.
[Formulation et rupture d'unions: resultats de l'Enquete sur la
famille de 1984.] Pub. Order No. 99-963. ISBN 0-660-52897-5. Nov 1986.
34, 34 pp. Statistics Canada, Housing, Family and Social Statistics
Division: Ottawa, Canada. In Eng; Fre.
"This report is one of a
series of studies based on retrospective [Canadian] data collected by
the 1984 Family History Survey. In this study, the processes of family
formation and dissolution are examined as they evolved in the last 50
years." The results indicate that "younger persons are following
patterns of family formation and dissolution that are different from
those experienced by older generations and, furthermore, that trends in
the dynamics of family life are still evolving."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20419 Cardoso,
Jayme A.; Nadalin, Sergio O. The months and days of
marriage in Parana (Brazil) in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and
twentieth centuries. [Les mois et les jours de mariage au Parana
(Bresil) aux XVIIIe, XIXe et XXe siecles.] Annales de Demographie
Historique, 1986. 11-27 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The authors examine seasonal fluctuations in marriage in Parana,
Brazil, from the mid-eighteenth century to the present. "The analysis
takes into consideration the fluctuations through time and
distinguishes between the different community origins: Luso-Brazilian,
Catholic and Lutheran German, Italian, Polish. The weekly distribution
of marriages has been computed for four periods, 1731-1800, 1801-1850,
1851-1880 and 1881-1900. Research into the causes of the fluctuations
observed takes into account the role of religious prescriptions,
traditions and agricultural/commercial
activities."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20420 Carmichael,
Gordon A. Bust after boom: first marriage trends in
Australia. Demography, Vol. 24, No. 2, May 1987. 245-64 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Since the early 1970s Australia has
experienced a pronounced trend to later and less universal marriage.
This stands in sharp contrast to a marriage boom that began with the
outbreak of World War II and lasted for three decades. The boom was
the product of three sets of forces: those peculiar to wartime, those
emerging in the early postwar period and creating a climate favorable
to marriage, and those surfacing in the 1960s with the advent of oral
contraception. Its reversal is attributed largely to less frequent
resort to marriage when premaritally pregnant, the rise of cohabitation
as a prelude or alternative to marriage, economic forces hindering
family formation, and ideological change."
Author's address:
Australian Institute of Family Studies, 300 Queen Street, Melbourne
3000, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20421 Chesnais,
Jean-Claude; Liu, Chang Hong. Marriage and population
control: the case of China. [Mariage et regulation demographique:
le cas de la Chine.] Population, Vol. 41, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1986.
979-1,004 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
The
authors study population control and marriage in China as well as the
policies that have influenced the birth rate. "This article has three
aims: (1) to show changes in the main characteristics of nuptiality
(timing and number, stability of unions), (2) to pinpoint regional
characteristics, and (3) to study changes in Chinese nuptiality within
an international context. Three sources were used: the census, the
post-census survey carried out in 1982, and a survey of peasant
families undertaken in 1929-31. Results show that the increase in the
age at marriage is not a recent phenomenon, but was common in the
fifties and led to a sudden acceleration in the seventies....Marriage
remains universal and divorce is very rare; regional disparities are
insignificant, and only provinces with strong national minorities
differ from the norm. Changes in...Chinese nuptiality are then studied
within the context of a more general dynamic typology...involving the
regulatory influences of marriage age and frequency on population
growth."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20422 Da Costa,
Iraci del N.; Gutierrez, Horacio. A note on slave
marriages in the regions of Sao Paulo and Parana (1830). [Note sur
le mariage des esclaves dans les regions de Sao Paulo et du Parana
(1830).] Annales de Demographie Historique, 1986. 49-57 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"The article presents a
comparative analysis of marriage data on the slave and free populations
of the present States of Sao Paulo and Parana [Brazil] in 1830. Among
the slave population, marriage is less frequent than among the free
population, but represents a proportion (roughly 25%) which is high
enough to contradict the classic assertion that in Brazil, few slaves
had a religious wedding."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:20423 Diederiks,
H. A. The choice of a marriage partner in Amsterdam at the
beginning of the nineteenth century. [Le choix du conjoint a
Amsterdam au debut du XIXe siecle.] Annales de Demographie Historique,
1986. 183-94 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"After a
brief review of existing studies on spouse selection, particularly in
the Netherlands, the author discusses the subject from the point of
view of the influence of certain social variables on the 'marriage
market'. Sex distribution, age at marriage and age-difference between
spouses, influence of place of origin and denomination are successively
analysed. Taking the example of Amsterdam in the early nineteenth
century, the decisive factor seems to be sharing the same denomination,
followed by proximity of neighbourhood or place of
origin."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20424 Exter,
Thomas. How to figure your chances of getting
married. American Demographics, Vol. 9, No. 6, Jun 1987. 50-2 pp.
Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
The probability of women marrying at
various ages in the United States is reviewed using data from several
recently published studies. The author suggests that the chances of
marrying for single, college-educated women may be greater than has
been indicated in recent studies.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20425 Haskey,
John. Social class differentials in remarriage after
divorce: results from a forward linkage study. Population Trends,
No. 47, Spring 1987. 34-42 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"A forward
linkage exercise is described in which a sample of over one thousand
couples [in England and Wales] who divorced during 1979 were traced to
see whether either or both partners remarried in the subsequent 2 1/2
years; for those who did, the appropriate divorce and remarriage
records were linked....One third, 34 per cent, of the divorced husbands
and 33 per cent of the divorced wives remarried....These findings and
the proportions of divorced husbands and wives who remarried according
to their social class, number of children, age at previous marriage,
age at divorce and duration of marriage are presented and
discussed."
For a related study, published by Richard Leete and
Susan Anthony in 1979, see 45:4476.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20426 Hoem,
Britta. The effect of pregnancy on changes in the marital
status and living arrangements of childless Swedish women.
[Graviditetens betydelse for barnlosa svenska kvinnors
civilstandsandringar.] Stockholm Research Reports in Demography, No.
38, ISBN 91-7820-025-3. May 1987. 33 pp. University of Stockholm,
Section of Demography: Stockholm, Sweden. In Swe.
This report
examines factors related to changes in Swedish women's living
arrangements and marital status, focusing particularly on the influence
of pregnancy. Cohort analyses of women born in five-year cohorts
between 1936 and 1960 indicate that pregnancy substantially increases
the likelihood that women living alone will start cohabiting and that
cohabiting, childless women will get married. The effects of age,
social background, and occupation are also
considered.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20427 Kadi, A.
S. Age at marriage in India. Asia-Pacific Population
Journal, Vol. 2, No. 1, Mar 1987. 41-56 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"This article shows that a major change in social attitudes has
occurred in India during the past two decades with regard to age at
marriage, which is an important factor in reducing the level of
fertility. The unlawful practice of child marriage is on the decline
and census data show a shift in age at marriage from earlier to older
ages, without any change in the universal practice of female marriage."
Differentials in age at marriage by rural or urban residence, state,
religion, and woman's educational status are examined separately.
Anticipating a shortage of females of marriageable age in the future,
the author concludes that "later marriage combined with increased
education for women and projected changes in fertility and mortality
are likely to lead to significant improvements in the status of women
in India by the early part of the next century."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20428 Kedelski,
Mieczyslaw; Golata, Elzbieta. Multiple decrement tables of
changes in the marital status of the population of Poland
(1982-1984). [Wielostrumieniowe tablice zmian stanu cywilnego
ludnosci w Polsce (1982-1984).] Studia Demograficzne, Vol. 2, No. 4/86,
1986. 23-48 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
Official Polish data for the period 1982-1984 are used to construct
multiple decrement tables of changes in marital status for the
population of a hypothetical cohort over the course of its life
history. The data are analyzed separately by sex with respect to the
probabilities of change in marital status, the characteristics of the
life cycle, and the expectation of life by marital status
category.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20429 Kiernan,
Kathleen E.; Eldridge, Sandra M. Age at marriage: inter
and intra cohort variation. British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 38,
No. 1, Mar 1987. 44-65 pp. London, England. In Eng.
Changes in
marriage patterns in the United Kingdom over time are reviewed. "Each
successive cohort of women born between 1920 and 1940 married sooner
than the preceding cohort. This trend culminated with the cohorts born
in the 1940s, all of whom had remarkably similar age at marriage
patterns, which were the youngest ever recorded, since civil
registration began." In analysis of the 1946 cohort three factors were
found to affect age at marriage directly: educational status,
occupation at marriage, and mother's age at marriage. "Subsequently
there has been a dramatic reversal in marriage behaviour; young people
are marrying less and marrying at later ages. The issue of whether
this is due to a change in timing or rejection of marriage is
addressed, the contribution of cohabitation to this change is assessed
and structural and ideological changes are
discussed."
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:20430 Matsushita,
Keiichiro. Economic analysis of marriage: survey and
reconsideration. Jinko Mondai Kenkyu/Journal of Population
Problems, No. 180, Oct 1986. 11-22 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn. with sum.
in Eng.
This article is concerned with the economic analysis of
marriage and is based on a review of the relevant literature. A basic
household production function model is described that defines the
partial equilibrium condition of a couple and a single person. The
existence of public goods, or joint consumption goods, and changes in
the shadow price of commodities are shown to explain the difference
between being married or single. The theory of bargaining is used to
compare individuals and households. Consideration is also given to the
theory of job search to examine marriage timing, the theory of general
equilibrium, and the theory of optimal assignments. The author
concludes that the existing economic literature does not adequately
deal with either the timing of marriage or future uncertainty
concerning marriage.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20431 Rahma,
Mustafa K. Some aspects of nuptiality and fertility in
Yemen Arab Republic. In: Studies in African and Asian demography:
CDC annual seminar, 1986. CDC Research Monograph Series, No. 16, 1987.
315-33 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
The
author examines the differentials in age at marriage and in marital
dissolution in the Yemen Arab Republic and analyzes the relationship of
each of these factors to fertility. Data are from the 1979 Yemen Arab
Republic Fertility Survey. Tabular data are included on the impact of
husband's education, husband's occupation, rural or urban residence,
region of residence, and employment status.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20432 Sarma, R.
S. S. Changing patterns of age at marriage in rural
Punjab, India. In: Studies in African and Asian demography: CDC
annual seminar, 1986. CDC Research Monograph Series, No. 16, 1987.
637-54 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
The
author examines changes in patterns of age at marriage and tempo of
marriage in Punjab, India, for eight marriage cohorts, from the
up-to-1940 cohort to the 1970-plus cohort. Marriage probabilities for
single women and anticipated length of single life are also estimated.
Differentials by socioeconomic status are analyzed. Data are from a
1971-1972 retrospective survey of 27 villages.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20433 Schoen,
Robert. The continuing retreat from marriage: figures
from 1983 U.S. marital status life tables. Sociology and Social
Research, Vol. 71, No. 2, Jan 1987. 108-9 pp. Los Angeles, California.
In Eng.
The author focuses on recent trends in marriage patterns in
the United States. He "presents marital status life table measures of
marriage, divorce, and mortality for the United States in 1983, and
compares them with similar measures for 1975 and 1980." The analysis
shows "a retreat from marriage, as both males and females had a lower
probability of ever marrying and a later age at first marriage. For
both sexes the chance of a marriage ending in divorce was 44%, but for
males that represented a slight decrease from 1980. More
significantly, the age-specific divorce rates of both males and females
showed a decline between 1980 and 1983 at ages
20-29."
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:20434 Speare,
Alden; Goldscheider, Frances K. Effects of marital status
change on residential mobility. Journal of Marriage and the
Family, Vol. 49, No. 2, May 1987. 455-64 pp. Saint Paul, Minnesota. In
Eng.
The authors examine the relationship between residential
mobility and various stages of the family life cycle using data for
2,058 Rhode Island adults, originally interviewed between 1967 and 1969
and followed through 1979. "This research uses detailed mobility data,
collected prospectively over 12 years, which has been integrated with
complete information on dates of marriage, divorce, and widowhood to
create linked life-cycle segments. An extensive body of information is
also available on characteristics of these households to control the
effects of other factors that relate both to marital status and to
mobility, such as home ownership and income. The probability of
mobility is modeled as a function that varied both with the time since
the last change in marital status and various characteristics. The
effects of marriage, divorce, and widowhood both on immediate
relocation and on subsequent mobility patterns are
assessed."
Author's address: Population Studies and Training
Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20435 Srivastava,
J. N. Correlates of age at marriage in India: with
special reference to literacy status. Population Research Centre
Series C: Analytical Report, No. 33, May 1986. ii, 57 pp. Lucknow
University, Department of Economics, Population Research Centre:
Lucknow, India. In Eng.
The determinants of age at marriage in
India are analyzed using data from the 1981 census. The hypothesis
developed is that factors that increase the cost of marriage and the
benefits of marital postponement will tend to increase age at marriage
and vice versa. Linear multiple regression analysis is used concerning
such factors as literacy, urban residence, poverty, agricultural
employment, newspaper circulation, and sex ratio. The analysis is
performed separately for men and women. The results indicate that
raising literacy levels, especially among women, would have the
greatest impact on raising age at marriage.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20436 Sugareva,
Marta. Current trends in marriage and divorce rates in
Europe. [Savremenni tendentsii na brachnostta i brakorazvodnostta
v Evropa.] Naselenie, Vol. 4, No. 4, 1986. 52-65 pp. Sofia, Bulgaria.
In Bul. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
A comparative study of marriage and
divorce rates in Europe is presented, with particular reference to
Bulgaria. The author notes that the marriage rate is declining in most
Western European countries, particularly in Scandinavia, and associates
this trend with the growing popularity of consensual unions. Some
terminology problems concerning this phenomenon are discussed. No
significant decline in the marriage rate in Bulgaria is apparent;
divorce rates are on the increase, but are still lower than in most
other European countries.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:20437 Tribalat,
Michele. Divorce among mixed couples in the Federal
Republic of Germany. [Divorce des couples mixtes en RFA.]
Population, Vol. 42, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1987. 161-6 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre.
Trends in divorce among mixed marriages in the Federal
Republic of Germany are analyzed. Mixed marriages are defined as those
between German citizens and individuals of other nationalities. In
general, the results show that such marriages are no more susceptible
to divorce than those among Germans, except in instances where Turkish
or Yugoslav men marry German women.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20438 Al-Haj,
Majid. Social change and family processes: Arab
communities in Shefar-A'm. Brown University Studies in Population
and Development, No. 4, ISBN 0-8133-7325-5. LC 86-28262. 1987. xxiv,
176 pp. Westview Press: Boulder, Colorado/London, England. In Eng. with
sum. in Ara.
Changes in the structure of the family kinship groups,
the extended family, the role of women, fertility, and family planning
are analyzed among several Arab communities in Israel. This study
combines historical materials, anthropological evidence, and several
major surveys in tracing family and demographic patterns in a
developing Arab urban community. The author compares Moslems,
Christians, and Druze in the same community over time and attempts to
integrate issues of modernization and population for
minorities.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20439 Bideau,
Alain; Brunet, Guy; Plauchu, Henri. The dynamics of family
structures in Chezery-Forens (Haut-Jura) from 1856 to 1911. [La
dynamique des structures familiales a Chezery-Forens (Haut-Jura) de
1856 a 1911.] Annales de Demographie Historique, 1986. 133-54 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The authors examine
changing family structures in the mountain villages of Chezery and
Forens, France, in the last half of the nineteenth century. Population
flows in and out of these villages, associated with limited resources
in the villages, are noted. The authors find that these movements are
"the result of a practice which is widespread in the family life cycle:
the taking-in of relatives (ancestors, descendants or collaterals) on
a temporary basis. A period analysis of the household structures using
census data does not prove fully satisfactory. We have chosen to
complete our observation with a longitudinal study covering a long
period of time and an examination of the population's nuptiality,
fertility and mortality patterns."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20440 Burch,
Thomas K. Family History Survey: preliminary
findings. [Enquete sur la famille: conclusions preliminaires.]
Pub. Order No. 99-955. ISBN 0-660-52865-7. 1985. 39, [8], 41, [8] pp.
Statistics Canada, Housing, Family and Social Statistics Division:
Ottawa, Canada. In Eng; Fre.
"This publication reports initial
findings from Statistics Canada's 1984 Family History Survey. These
data provide new insights into the relationship between significant
demographic events--such as marriages, divorces, births, deaths, labour
force participation and work interruption--and movement through the
family life cycle. New perspectives emerge on divorce, remarriage,
common-law unions and the raising of natural, adopted and step
children." These data represent the first set of longitudinal data on
Canadian family histories generally available.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20441 Chacon
Jimenez, F.; Hurtado Martinez, J.; Rodriguez Soler, M.; Sancho
Alguazil, R.; Vimal Gomez, T. A contribution to family
history in the countries of the Western Mediterranean, 1750-1850.
[Contribution a l'histoire de la famille dans les pays de la
Mediterranee occidentale 1750-1850.] Annales de Demographie Historique,
1986. 155-82 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"The
article focuses on the diversity of family structures in Western
Mediterranean countries. Observing several rural and urban communities
in Murcia [Spain] between 1750 and 1850, the authors show that,
whatever the geographical area...[the complexity of family structures]
is related to the age, kinship, economic activity and social status of
the head of the family, and without a doubt to the demographic and
economic contexts. An analysis of the whole social pattern, not family
structures independently of the rest, is required for delimiting
homogeneous areas."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20442 Courgeau,
Daniel. Family characteristics and urbanization.
[Constitution de la famille et urbanisation.] Population, Vol. 42, No.
1, Jan-Feb 1987. 57-81 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng;
Spa.
Using "information from a survey [undertaken in France] of
family, occupational, and migrational biographies, the author shows how
the establishment of a nuclear family influences a couple's attitude to
migration from or into a big city, and in turn, how this migration
conditions family size. The most important effect of marriage is a
sharp reduction in migration to highly urbanized areas, whereas its
influence on migration towards less urbanized areas is negligible. The
most serious consequence of migration to highly urbanized areas is the
significant decrease in family size, whereas migration into less
urbanized areas corresponds to an increase in family size. The effect
of different individual characteristics (family origins, occupation,
etc.) is also analyzed."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:20443
Desplanques, Guy. Life cycle and social
environment. [Cycle de vie et milieu social.] Collections de
l'INSEE, Serie D: Demographie et Emploi, No. 117, Feb 1987. 272 pp.
Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques [INSEE]:
Paris, France. In Fre.
The author reports on aspects of nuptiality
and fertility in France using findings from a nationwide family survey
conducted in 1982 by the Institut National de la Statistique et des
Etudes Economiques (INSEE). Survey procedures and earlier family
surveys in France are first discussed, and relevant terms, indicators,
and concepts are explained. The author then discusses recent trends in
the stages of the family life cycle in France, including childhood,
adolescence, marriage, childbearing, dependent children within the
family and their departure, female labor force participation,
separation and divorce, remarriage, retirement, and widowhood and
death. Statistical tables providing the survey data to support the
analytical sections form the major portion of the
publication.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20444 Herlihy,
David. Medieval households. Studies in Cultural
History, ISBN 0-674-56375-1. LC 85-5439. 1985. vii, 227 pp. Harvard
University Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts/London, England. In Eng.
This book attempts a broad interpretation of the development of
medieval households and the domestic system in Europe from the period
of the late Roman and barbarian antiquity until approximately 1500.
The author's main conclusions concern the emergence in the seventh and
eighth centuries of a basically uniform pattern of domestic
organization that spanned all social levels, and in the eleventh
century of patrilineal kindred networks, which tended to favor
first-born males over younger brothers, and which also involved the
development of emotionally close family groups. The development of a
distinctive medieval household system is illustrated using
fifteenth-century data for the region of Tuscany,
Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
53:20445
Hoffmann-Nowotny, Hans-Joachim; Hopflinger, Francois; Kuhne,
Franz; Ryffel-Gericke, Christiane; Erni-Schneuwly, Denise.
The family and the planning game: family, desired number of
children, and family planning in Switzerland. [Planspiel Familie:
Familie, Kinderwunsch und Familienplanung in der Schweiz.] Reihe
Soziologie/Collection Sociologie, Vol. 10, ISBN 3-7253-0225-1. LC
84-198683. 1984. 365 pp. Ruegger: Diessenhofen, Switzerland. In Ger.
This book focuses on the family, fertility, the desire for
children, and family planning in Switzerland. Data are from a
representative survey of approximately 600 young Swiss married couples.
Individual chapters deal with the general societal aspects of trends
in marriage, family, and fertility; the desire for and attitudes toward
children; marriage, children, and employment; and family planning and
the factors affecting contraceptive usage.
Location: U.S.
National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md.
53:20446
Hoffmann-Nowotny, Hans-Joachim. The future of the
family. In: European Population Conference 1987.
Plenaries/Congres Europeen de Demographie 1987. Seances plenieres,
edited by the International Union for the Scientific Study of
Population and the European Association for Population Studies. 1987.
113-200 pp. Central Statistical Office: Helsinki, Finland. In Eng. with
sum. in Fre.
The author describes the current situation concerning
the family in Europe, presents a sociological theory to explain its
development, and attempts to predict the future of the family in
Europe. In the first section, attention is given to falling marriage
rates, declining family size, divorce and family dissolution,
remarriage, and single-parent families. Data for selected European
countries are from a variety of published sources and are primarily for
the 1960s through the 1980s. The author then develops a sociological
theory to explain the diminishing role of the family in modern
societies and the importance of the individual as the fundamental
social unit. Concerning the future of the family, the author finds
that "a type of family, whose members live 'apart together', is
possibly the most promising attempt at creating a 'hybrid' social
system of familial relationships...."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20447 Keilman,
Nico; van Dam, Jan. LIPRO--a dynamic model for forecasting
households. [LIPRO--een dynamisch model ter vooruitberekening van
huishoudens.] Bevolking en Gezin, No. 2, Dec 1986. 35-61 pp. Brussels,
Belgium. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"In this paper we present a
projection model for the simulation of household events. The model
focuses on household dynamics, rather than on comparative statics as in
the headship rate approach. It applies insights from multidimensional
(multistate) demography to household and life style modelling.
Algorithms that provide for the dependency in behaviour between the
members of a household are discussed. The model is applied to data
from the 1984 Survey on Living Arrangements in the Netherlands.
Simulations show that the proportion of cohabiting couples among
private households will be doubled by the end of the century, but that
married couples will not lose their dominant position."
Author's
address: Netherlands Interuniversity Demographic Institute, P.O. Box
11650, 2592 AR The Hague, Netherlands.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20448 Keyfitz,
Nathan. Canadian kinship patterns based on 1971 and 1981
data. Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1986. 123-50
pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Modern low
fertility results not only in fewer children in the nuclear family, but
fewer kin of all degrees. The lower births now prevailing in Canada
also imply changes in the kin structure: fewer sisters of Ego, and
more than proportionately fewer nephews and cousins. A major shrinkage
of kin is implied by 1981 births and deaths in contrast to those of
1971. Curves and tables trace the changes in Ego's average number of
kin through life. Small numbers of kin make it difficult for the
family to fulfil its traditional functions."
Author's address:
Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20449 Kraus,
Jaroslav. Research on the planning of family size (1985),
Part 1. [Pruzkum planovani rodicovstvi (1985)--I.] Demografie,
Vol. 29, No. 1, 1987. 23-33 pp. Prague, Czechoslovakia. In Cze. with
sum. in Eng; Rus.
Trends in desired family size in Czechoslovakia
are analyzed using data from a survey of 6,184 families undertaken in
1985. The focus of the survey was on planning family size and
attitudes toward population policy. The results indicate a
stabilization of desired number of children at two. Among the factors
affecting desired family size are housing conditions. Consideration is
also given to differences by republic and by educational status. It is
indicated that desired fertility will not lead to an increase in
current fertility rates and will ensure an increase in the pace of
demographic aging. Attitudes toward population policy will be covered
in Part 2.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20450 Krishnan,
Parameswara. Family and household structure among the
nineteenth century Christians of Kerala, India. Annales de
Demographie Historique, 1986. 215-25 pp. Paris, France. In Eng. with
sum. in Fre.
"Using the Laslett classification, 517 households from
an old family register from St. Mary's Metropolitan Church,
Changanacherry, Kerala [India] were categorized. The results show that
77% of the households were of the simple family type, with the conjugal
family units accounting for nearly 44% of the households.
Approximately 11% of the households were of the extended type. It is
hypothesized that the main determinant of the prevalence of the
conjugal family unit structure is the inheritance pattern among the
Christian population."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:20451
Lapierre-Adamcyk, Evelyne. The family at the end
of the sixties: the case of the American family. [La famille a la
fin des annees soixante: l'exemple de la famille americaine.]
Collection de Tires a Part, No. 216, [1986?]. [9] pp. Universite de
Montreal, Departement de Demographie: Montreal, Canada. In Fre.
The
author presents an overview of demographic trends affecting U.S.
families in the 1960s, relying on official data and other published
sources. Consideration is given to aspects of union formation,
fertility, and union dissolution.
This article is reprinted from
Les Familles d'Aujourd'hui (Paris, France), No. 2, 1986, pp.
5-13.
Author's address: Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec
H3C 3J7, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20452
Litterer-Marwege, Wanda. Households and families
according to the 1984 census. [Gospodarstwa domowe i rodziny
wedlug spisu 1984 r.] Wiadomosci Statystyczne, Vol. 31, No. 10, Oct
1986. 9-11 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol.
The results of the 1984
population and household census indicate that the trend toward smaller
households in Poland has been reversed. The causes of this change,
which goes against the general trend in developed countries, are
considered. In addition to the impact of changed economic conditions,
the author notes changes in the interpretation of the term household
that affect the results in question.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20453 McCarthy,
James; Oni, Gbolahan A. Desired family size and its
determinants among urban Nigerian women: a two-stage analysis.
Demography, Vol. 24, No. 2, May 1987. 279-90 pp. Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
"This paper proposes and carries out a two-stage analysis of
the determinants of desired family size, using data gathered from a
sample of women in the city of Ilorin, Nigeria. The analysis first
focuses on differences between women who report numerical family size
desires and those who report nonnumerical desires. Findings suggest
that there are important differences between these two groups, but
there is little variation in the actual number reported by those
expressing numerical desires. Implications of these findings for
survey design are discussed. In particular, the practice of forcing
numerical responses by instructing interviewers to probe when women
report nonnumerical desires is questioned."
Author's address:
Department of Population Dynamics, School of Hygiene and Public Health,
Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD
21205.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20454 Mousa,
Mohamed A. Y. Variability and consistency aspects in the
quality of responses regarding desired family size in Sudan. In:
Studies in African and Asian demography: CDC annual seminar, 1986. CDC
Research Monograph Series, No. 16, 1987. 259-81 pp. Cairo Demographic
Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
The author uses data from the
1978-1979 Sudan Fertility Survey (SUDFS) to study the quality of
responses to questions about desired family size. Following a review
of the criticisms regarding the utility of family size preference data,
the author discusses the extent of numerical responses in the SUDFS,
the variability and internal consistency of responses, the issue of
rationalization of actual family size in the verbalization of desired
family size, and the socioeconomic and demographic correlates of the
variation in desired family size.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20455 Muhsam, H.
V. A study of change in family structure and of the
domestic cycle in an Indian village by means of a transition
matrix. Janasamkhya, Vol. 4, No. 1, Jun 1986. 11-27 pp.
Kariavattom, India. In Eng.
"Two kinds of Family Transition
matrices are identified--Distant transition matrix and Immediate
transition matrix. The former studies transitions which produce
changes in the distribution of families of different structural types
between two time points while the latter takes into consideration the
paths by which each family reached its final state. Using the data of
Freed and Freed (1983) from an Indian Village, at two time points
separated by 19 years, the changes in the family structure and the
pattern of domestic cycles are studied."
Author's address:
Department of Demography, Hebrew University, Jerusalem,
Israel.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20456 Nunes, Joao
A. Official statistics as a source for the study of the
family and the residential group using the general census of population
of Portugal of 1981. [As estatisticas oficiais como fontes para o
estudo da familia e do grupo co-residente a proposito do recenseamento
geral da populacao de Portugal de 1981.] Boletin de la Asociacion de
Demografia Historica, Vol. 5, No. 1, Mar 1987. 64-102 pp. Madrid,
Spain. In Por.
The author discusses how information from the 1981
census of Portugal can be used to study various aspects of the
household, the family, the non-family resident aggregate, and the
individual. Included are data on the average number of persons per
family and per non-family aggregate, and the percentage distribution of
families by size in the various districts of continental Portugal. The
data are compared with data from a 1980-1981 Inquiry into Family Income
and Expenses.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20457 Nyitrai,
Ferencne. Families in the mid-1980s. [A csaladok a
nyolcvanas evek kozepen.] Statisztikai Szemle, Vol. 65, No. 2-3,
Feb-Mar 1987. 117-24 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in Eng;
Rus.
Changes in the role, structure, and function of the family in
the 1980s are reviewed, with particular reference to the situation in
Hungary. The importance placed on strengthening the family in Hungarian
social and population policy is stressed. Information is provided on
the number of single-parent families and consensual
unions.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20458 Parish,
William L. The family and economic change. In: China:
the 80s era, edited by Norton Ginsburg and Bernard A. Lalor. Westview
Special Studies on East Asia, ISBN 0-86531-668-6. LC 84-50347. 1984.
222-42 pp. Westview Press: Boulder, Colorado/London, England. In Eng.
Recent changes affecting the family in China are analyzed. Data
are primarily from interviews conducted during the 1970s with Chinese
emigrants in Hong Kong. Significant differences between rural and
urban areas are attributed to different economic conditions affecting
the family. Attention is paid to the conflict between the one-child
policy and the need for old-age support in rural
areas.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
53:20459 Peron,
Yves; Lapierre-Adamcyk, Evelyne. The family life cycle as
a framework for analysis of family statistics. [Le cycle de la vie
familiale comme cadre d'analyse de la statistique des familles.]
Collection de Tires a Part, No. 217, [1986?]. [8] pp. Universite de
Montreal, Departement de Demographie: Montreal, Canada. In Fre.
The
authors examine family life cycle trends in Quebec using a variety of
published data. Distribution of families according to life cycle stage
attained are estimated, and changes over time are noted.
This
article is reprinted from Familles d'Aujourd'hui (Paris, France), No.
2, 1986, pp. 357-64.
Author's address: Universite de Montreal,
Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20460 Rodgers,
Joseph L.; Thompson, Vaida D. Toward a general framework
of family structure: a review of theory-based empirical research.
Population and Environment, Vol. 8, No. 3-4, Fall-Winter 1985-1986.
143-72 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper has the
following purposes: (1) To develop a general taxonomy of family
structure that unites researchers from several disciplines under one
framework; (2) To review important methodological and measurement
problems involved in the study of family structure; and (3) To review
the recent theory-based empirical literature. We conclude with an
assessment of the state-of-the-enterprise."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20461 Roussel,
Louis. Recent trends in the structure of households in
several industrialized countries. [Evolution recente de la
structure des menages dans quelques pays industriels.] Population, Vol.
41, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1986. 913-34 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in
Eng; Spa.
The author examines changes in the structure of
households in several industrialized countries. Using recently
published data for the period 1960-1982, he indicates the increase in
the number of one-person households, single-parent families, and
unmarried couples. General trends include decreasing household size,
increasing mobility of individuals between different types of
households, and a persisting pattern of consensual unions and
illegitimate births.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20462 Ruggles,
Steven. Prolonged connections: the rise of the extended
family in nineteenth-century England and America. Social
Demography, ISBN 0-299-11030-3. LC 87-6079. 1987. xx, 282 pp.
University of Wisconsin Press: Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
The rise
in the popularity of the extended family in nineteenth-century England
and America is analyzed. In contrast to accepted thinking, which
hypothesizes that the extended family declined as a consequence of
industrialization, the author notes that the frequency of extended
families doubled between 1750 and 1900. He develops the alternative
hypothesis that extended family living arrangements in the nineteenth
century were a luxury to which increasing numbers could aspire thanks
to the growing prosperity associated with industrialization. The view
that the nuclear family was preferred before the nineteenth century is
also challenged: the author suggests that late marriage and early
death restricted the potential to form the extended families that many
desired. Increasing life expectancy and declining marriage age between
1750 and 1900 expanded the potential for forming extended families.
The study introduces new tools for the analysis of the demography of
the family, which the author suggests will have wide
applicability.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20463 Santi,
Lawrence L. Change in the structure and size of American
households: 1970 to 1985. CDE Working Paper, No. 86-31, [1986].
9, [8] pp. University of Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology:
Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
The author discusses the relative
influences of factors contributing to the decline since the early 1970s
in the average size of households in the United States. The data are
from official sources. He observes that "during the first half of the
decade, decreases in the size of family households were responsible for
the bulk of the decrease in average household size. During the second
half of the decade, decreases in the proportion of married-couple
households began to exert a greater impact on the downward trend in the
size of households. The slower rate of decline in household size
observed during the first half of the 1980's represents a continuation
of these trends, according to which the living arrangements of adults
seem to be exerting an increasing impact on the average size of
households."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20464 Thomson,
Elizabeth. Marital agreement in fertility goals. CDE
Working Paper, No. 86-34, Nov 1986. 22, [9] pp. University of
Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology: Madison, Wisconsin. In
Eng.
"This paper discusses the processes of family formation and
change that facilitate or inhibit marital agreement about having
children: mate selection, shared marital experiences, and mutual
influence of wife and husband. A model is developed to represent the
simultaneous effects of these processes on fertility agreement, and is
tested with survey data [for Wisconsin] from young married couples
without children. The findings indicate that mutual influence is the
most important source of agreement in fertility goals, but that
religious homogamy and similarity of partners' sibship size also
contribute to agreement. While educational homogamy is also a source
of agreement, partners having similar occupations may be more likely to
disagree about children, since occupational prestige increases
husbands' fertility goals, but not those of wives. Other important
sources of agreement are direct effects of wife's family of origin on
the husband's goals, suggesting that husbands are to some extent
'absorbed' into the kinship networks of their wives, thereby
experiencing direct socialization by in-laws for fertility
goals."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20465 Thomson,
Elizabeth; Goldman, Paula. Measuring fertility norms.
CDE Working Paper, No. 86-26, Oct 1986. 18, [8] pp. University of
Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology: Madison, Wisconsin. In
Eng.
"We argue that social norms must be measured at the group
level of analysis, allow for a range of acceptable behaviors, and be
linked to the individual level of analysis to explain social behavior.
From a survey of young adults in Wisconsin (1973), we generated
measures of family size norms from sibship experience and friends'
expected family size. These measures satisfied our primary criterion
for a social norm: Those with non-normative family size desires tended
to shift expectations toward the norm. The analyses demonstrate the
difficulty of estimating normative effects when by its very definition
a norm is expected to restrict variation in human
behavior."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20466 Todd, Jean;
Griffiths, David. Changing the definition of a
household. ISBN 0-11-691071-2. 1986. viii, 43 pp. Office of
Population Censuses and Surveys [OPCS], Social Survey Division: London,
England. In Eng.
This study, which is based on data from the 1981
Labour Force Survey in England, presents an estimation of the effect on
housing data of a change in the definition of a household. The authors
first note that the definition of a household used in surveys in
England and Wales has diverged from the definition used in the census
and from current living patterns. "With effect from 1981, therefore,
the definition was amended on most household-based surveys carried out
by Social Survey Division so as to conform to the new, formal census
definition--ie so as to group into a single household people who either
regularly shared at least one meal a day, or shared at least one living
room in their accommodation, or both."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20467 Watanabe,
Yoshikazu. Japanese female life-courses by marriage,
childbearing, and deaths: cohort born in 1890-1930. Jinko Mondai
Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems, No. 181, Jan 1987. 1-13 pp.
Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn. with sum. in Eng.
The author examines trends
in the life courses of Japanese women born between 1890 and 1930
according to the occurrence and timing of marriage, childbearing, and
death. Six life courses are identified, from the abbreviated one
involving females who die before age 15 to the more typical one
involving women who marry, bear children, and survive with their
husbands until the last child leaves home. Differences are noted
between early and late cohorts and between this study and a similar
American study.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20468 White, Lynn
K.; Kim, Hyunju. The family-building process:
childbearing choices by parity. Journal of Marriage and the
Family, Vol. 49, No. 2, May 1987. 271-9 pp. Saint Paul, Minnesota. In
Eng.
"Panel data from 1,020 [U.S.] husbands and wives interviewed
in 1980 and 1983 are used to test the implications of exchange theory
for fertility decisions. Because costs and rewards attached to
alternatives as well as the alternatives themselves vary by parity, we
test whether the determinants of fertility choices vary by parity. The
results suggest a significant nonlinear component to the determinants
of fertility, especially for those factors related to women's roles.
Neither sex-role traditionalism nor wives' achievement in nonfamilial
roles has a simple negative effect on fertility: both encourage
adoption of the parenthood role while simultaneously discouraging large
families."
Author's address: Department of Sociology, University of
Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0324.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20469 White,
Michael J.; Tsui, Amy O. A panel study of family-level
structural change. Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 48,
No. 2, May 1986. 435-46 pp. Saint Paul, Minnesota. In Eng.
"A
substantial shift in the composition of families and households in the
United States occurred during the 1970s. Using the Panel Study of
Income Dynamics from 1968 to 1979, we identify sources of the change in
aggregate distribution and examine year-to-year transitions among
family types. This analysis provides a perspective that differs from
cross-sectional and life-course comparisons. Calculations of net
increments and decrements to each family type reveal the overall
pattern of flow and the effect of new family formations on the
aggregate distribution of family types. New headship contributed most
to shifts in the relative composition of family types, but its impact
declined over the decade. The results of examining origin-destination
transition matrices confirm general differences in transition rates by
age and, to a lesser extent, by race and income. The transition rates
themselves changed very little during the
decade."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20470 Willis,
Robert J. What have we learned from the economics of the
family? American Economic Review, Vol. 77, No. 2, May 1987. 68-81
pp. Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
The author surveys the
development since 1960 of the economics of the family. Attention is
given to sets of questions concerning the historical relationship
between economic growth and fertility, the causes of the baby boom and
bust, and changes in the traditional family. Selected works that have
contributed to this body of theory are discussed, and the state of the
field of family economics is assessed. The author concludes that "we
do not have, as yet, a body of empirically tested, quantitatively
stable estimates of the major behavioral relationships suggested by the
theory....We do have a growing capacity to generate hypotheses about
both large and small questions concerning family behavior and its
consequences within a theoretical framework that is a logically
coherent part of the main corpus of neoclassical economic
theory."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
53:20471 Zeng,
Yi. Changes in family structure in China: a simulation
study. Population and Development Review, Vol. 12, No. 4, Dec
1986. 675-703, 821, 823 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Spa.
"Changes in family size and structure in China are
investigated through a simulation study, using fertility, mortality,
and nuptiality rates in 1950-70 and in 1981. The simulations give a
quantitative account of family size, family type (nuclear versus
three-generation), and marital status of the reference person under
various demographic regimes. They demonstrate how changing demographic
factors affect Chinese family size and structure. An interesting
finding of this exercise is that when the smaller cohorts born after
the dramatic fertility decline of the 1970s reach the age of family
formation, the proportion of nuclear families will decrease if the
propensity to form three-generation households continues. If, however,
fertility continues to fall after reaching the replacement level, a
further reduction in birth rates will raise the proportion of nuclear
families."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
