53:20120 Alderson,
M. The use of area mortality. Population Trends, No.
47, Spring 1987. 24-33 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This article
considers the use of analyses of area mortality. It begins with a
brief review of the history of such analysis and then turns to a
discussion of methods, presentation of results and the uses of
geographical studies. A selection of maps [of England and Wales] from
the forthcoming 1981 Decennial Supplement on area mortality is included
to illustrate the use of mapping techniques."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20121 Angermeyer,
Matthias C.; Kuhn, Ludwig; Osterwald, Petra. Birthday and
date of death. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol.
41, No. 2, Jun 1987. 121-6 pp. London, England. In Eng.
Two
hypotheses concerning the relationship between birthday and date of
death are examined. "Using a collection of biographies of [2,580]
famous people from the whole world and another [2,265] of well-known
Swiss citizens we tested hypotheses derived from these assumptions.
Neither the 'death-dip' hypothesis nor the 'birthday stress' hypothesis
was supported by our results."
Author's address: Psychiatrische und
Nervenklinik, Universitatskrankenhauses Hamburg-Eppendorf, Federal
Republic of Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20122 Araki,
Shunichi; Murata, Katsuyuki. Factors affecting the
longevity of the total Japanese population. Tohuku Journal of
Experimental Medicine, Vol. 151, No. 1, Jan 1987. 15-24 pp. Sendai,
Japan. In Eng.
Factors affecting the longevity of the population of
Japan are analyzed. In particular, the authors examine the relative
importance of eight socioeconomic factors on life expectancy by sex at
birth and at ages 20, 40, and 65 for the 46 prefectures. The results
indicate that urban residence was the major factor affecting life
expectancy for both sexes at birth and at ages 20 and 40 for males;
proportions of old and young persons in the population were major
factors at age 40 for females and at age 65 for both sexes. The
importance of employment and high income for longevity are also noted.
Comparisons are made with other developed countries.
Author's
address: Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Medical College of
Oita, Oita 879-56, Japan.
Location: U.S. National Library
of Medicine, Bethesda, Md.
53:20123 Banister,
Judith. China: recent trends in health and
mortality. CIR Staff Paper, No. 23, Jul 1986. 6, 46, [12] pp. U.S.
Bureau of the Census, Center for International Research: Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
"This report briefly assesses the available
information on levels and trends of disease incidence (morbidity) and
death (mortality) for the People's Republic of China since the
mid-1970's." Attention is given to disease incidence; incomes, diet,
and medical care; medical facilities and personnel; problems in
provision of medical care; unsafe water supplies; reported mortality; a
possible rise in infant mortality; underreporting of adult deaths; and
mortality trends, 1973-1975 to 1981. Shortcomings of the rural health
system are noted, and future prospects, given the current medical
funding crisis, are assessed. Two sets of life tables, computed using
data as reported and adjusting for death underreporting, are presented
in appendixes.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20124 Burns-Cox,
C. J. Deaths in Anguilla 1885-1980. West Indian
Medical Journal, Vol. 35, No. 4, 1986. 284-7 pp. Kingston, Jamaica. In
Eng.
"An analysis has been made of the causes of death and ages at
death from the register of deaths on the island of Anguilla from 1885
to 1980. Prior to 1945, infant mortality was about 100 per thousand
live births but subsequently started to fall and is now 30. Similarly,
deaths under the age of 5 years as a percentage of total deaths was 30%
but fell to 10% in 1980. Infections are now very rarely registered as
cause of death whereas stroke and cancer have become increasingly
frequent."
Author's address: Department of Medicine, Frenchay
Hospital, Bristol, England.
Location: U.S. National Library
of Medicine, Bethesda, Md.
53:20125
Chandrasekaran, C. Assessing the effect of
mortality change in an age group on the expectation of life at
birth. Janasamkhya, Vol. 4, No. 1, Jun 1986. 1-9 pp. Kariavattom,
India. In Eng.
"This article compares four procedures in assessing
the effect of the change in mortality conditions in an age group
between two periods on the expectation of life at birth. The
differences and similarities are pointed out. The outcome of applying
the different approaches on the difference in the expectation of life
at birth of the life tables of Sweden for the periods 1901-10 and
1936-40 is also discussed."
Author's address: Sri Kripa, 79/3,
Benson Cross Road, Bangalore-46, India.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20126 Charlton,
John R. H.; Bauer, Richard; Thakhore, Anita; Silver, Ruth; Aristidou,
Maria. Unemployment and mortality: a small area
analysis. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 41,
No. 2, Jun 1987. 107-13 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This paper
examines the relation between mortality and the unemployment
experiences of small areas [in England and Wales] which vary in the
extent to which their unemployment levels have changed in recent
years." Quarterly data concerning the unemployed for 1977-1981 are
aggregated to correspond to Family Practitioner Committee (FPC) areas
for which population and mortality data are available. "When the
mortality trends of FPCs with different unemployment experiences were
compared, no statistically significant differences in trends were
found, although areas with greater increases in unemployment appeared
to have slightly worse mortality trends for suicide, ischaemic heart
disease, cerebrovascular disease, and total mortality for men in the
younger age groups."
Author's address: Department of Health and
Social Security, Hanibal House, Elephant and Castle, London SE1,
England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20127 El-Jack,
Omer M. A. Trends, levels and differentials of mortality
in northern Sudan, 1973-1979. In: Studies in African and Asian
demography: CDC annual seminar, 1986. CDC Research Monograph Series,
No. 16, 1987. 283-313 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In
Eng.
The author uses indirect techniques to estimate trends in both
infant and child mortality and adult mortality, including rural-urban
differentials, in northern Sudan. Data are from the 1973 census and
the 1978-1979 Sudan Fertility Survey. Male and female life tables for
1973 and 1979 are derived by linking the estimates of child mortality
and adult mortality.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20128 Fett,
Michael J.; Adena, Michael A.; Cobbin, Deirdre M.; Dunn,
Margaret. Mortality among Australian conscripts of the
Vietnam conflict era. I. Death from all causes. American Journal
of Epidemiology, Vol. 125, No. 5, May 1987. 869-77 pp. Baltimore,
Maryland. In Eng.
"A retrospective cohort study of mortality was
conducted to assess whether Army service of young Australian men in the
Vietnam conflict influenced the subsequent risk of premature
death....Of these veterans [studied], 19,205 served in Vietnam, while
25,677 served only in Australia. All men were traced from the end of
their national service engagement (between 1966 and 1973) until January
1, 1982. For both groups, death rates were statistically significantly
lower than expected for Australian males of the same age. Overall
mortality of Vietnam veterans was 1.3 times that of non-Vietnam
veterans...."
Author's address: Australian Veterans Health Studies,
Commonwealth Institute of Health, University of Sydney, Sydney,
Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
Source: For a related study, also published by Fett et al. in
1987, see elsewhere in this issue.
53:20129 Golini, A.;
Capocaccia, R.; Lori, A.; Verdecchia, A. Mortality in the
regions of Italy over the past 30 years. Summary tables of mortality by
cause (Italy: 1971-1979; regions: 1977-1979). [La mortalita
delle regioni italiane negli ultimi trenta anni. Tavole ridotte di
mortalita per causa (Italia: dal 1971 al 1979; regioni: 1977-79).]
Rapporto sulla Situazione Demografica in Italia, No. 2, Oct 1985. 195
pp. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerche sulla
Popolazione: Rome, Italy. In Ita.
This report is in two parts. The
first part contains an analysis of mortality trends in Italy between
1950 and 1979 by region, age, and cause. The second part contains
summary life tables by cause and region.
Location: Institut
National d'Etudes Demographiques, Paris, France.
53:20130 Hayase,
Yasuko. Changes in mortality and in its cause structure
among developing countries. IDE Statistical Data Series, No. 48,
Mar 1986. 284 pp. Institute of Developing Economies: Tokyo, Japan. In
Eng; Jpn.
Data are presented on changes in sex-, age-, and
cause-specific mortality, together with relevant social and economic
indicators for the countries of the world. The emphasis is on
developing countries for the period 1950-1980. Data are from a variety
of sources, including the United Nations and World Health Organization,
official national sources, and the Institute for Developing Economies'
own Data Base for Economic Cooperation. It is noted that death rates
have declined significantly in many of the countries considered since
the end of World War II. The crude death rate for developing countries
as a whole declined from 24.4 per 1,000 in 1950-1955 to 11.1 in
1980-1985
Publisher's address: 42 Ichigaya-Hommura-cho,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162, Japan.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20131 Imhof,
Arthur E. What has the longevity in Europe and Japan to
teach India? Demography India, Vol. 15, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1986. 1-25
pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author traces the increase in life
expectancy in Europe during the course of the last three centuries as
well as the rapid rise in life expectancy in Japan since World War II
and considers the possibility of similar developments in India.
Attention is given to future age distributions in India given improved
survival curves and to associated policy
concerns.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20132 Khalifa, M.
A. Mortality in North Sudan. Egyptian Population and
Family Planning Review, Vol. 17, No. 2, Jun 1983. 44-61 pp. Giza,
Egypt. In Eng.
Mortality in the Sudan is analyzed using data
primarily taken from the 1973 census and the Sudan Fertility Survey of
1979. The results indicate that mortality is similar to standard
patterns developed by Brass, although infant and child mortality seems
to be higher than that implied by adult mortality. No significant
improvements in mortality are noted between 1973 and
1979.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20133 Landers,
J. Mortality and metropolis: the case of London,
1675-1825. Population Studies, Vol. 41, No. 1, Mar 1987. 59-76 pp.
London, England. In Eng.
"In the present paper it is argued that
the inclusion of spatial structure and migration in accounts of
historical demographic regimes can restore long-term variations in
mortality to an 'endogenous' position. Within such a model a central
role is played by large metropolitan populations, which act as endemic
reservoirs of infection, with high but relatively stable levels of
mortality. Data from the annual London Bills of Mortality allow
empirical testing for the period 1675-1825, with results which
generally conform to theoretical expectations, although a substantial
reduction in mortality occurs during the latter part of the
period."
Author's address: Department of Anthropology, University
College, London, England.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:20134 Manson,
JoAnn E.; Stampfer, Meir J.; Hennekens, Charles H.; Willett, Walter
C. Body weight and longevity: a reassessment. JAMA:
Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 257, No. 3, Jan 16,
1987. 353-8 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
A review of 25
prospective studies on the relationship between body weight and
longevity is presented. "Each study had at least one of three major
biases: (1) failure to control for cigarette smoking, (2)
inappropriate control of biologic effects of obesity, such as
hypertension and hyperglycemia, and (3) failure to control for weight
loss due to subclinical disease. The presence of these biases leads to
a systematic underestimate of the impact of obesity on premature
mortality. Although these biases preclude a valid assessment of
optimal weight from existing data, available evidence suggests that
minimum mortality occurs at relative weights at least 10% below the
U.S. average."
Author's address: 180 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA
02115.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, Md.
53:20135 Masaki,
Motofumi; Koizumi, Akira. Increase in life expectancy at
birth in Japan: some implications for variable patterns of decrease in
mortality. Health Policy, Vol. 7, No. 1, Feb 1987. 41-8 pp.
Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The characteristics of the
increase in life expectancy at birth...in Japan were analyzed using the
life tables of developed countries in which the values of [life
expectancy at birth] were almost the same. When the decrease in
age-specific probability of dying...and its contribution to total gain
in [life expectancy at birth] in Japan were compared to those of other
developed countries, the decline in [age-specific probability of dying]
in prime, middle and old age groups accounts for much of the change;
the decrease in this variable for males aged 50 years and over
accounted for 35% of the recent increase in [life expectancy at birth].
Well-organized medical care and public services are discussed in
relation to this unique and unusually rapid increase in [life
expectancy at birth] for the Japanese population."
Author's address:
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo,
7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.
Location: U.S.
National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md.
53:20136 Mitra,
S. About the effect of changes in age-specific mortality
on life expectancy. Population Studies, Vol. 41, No. 1, Mar 1987.
161-3 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The author comments on a recent
article by J. W. Vaupel concerning the use of mathematical formulas to
describe the relationship between change in age-specific mortality
rates and change in life expectancy. A rejoinder by Vaupel (p. 163) is
included
Author's address: Emory University, Atlanta, GA
30322.
For the article by Vaupel, published in 1986, see 52:20166.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20137
Omondi-Odhiambo. Mortality by age, sex and causes
of death in a rural area of Machakos district, Kenya in 1975-1978.
Center for the Study of Population Working Paper, No. WPS 87-41,
[1987]. 25 pp. Florida State University, College of Social Sciences,
Center for the Study of Population: Tallahassee, Florida. In Eng.
"This paper examines mortality by age, sex and causes of death in a
rural area of Machakos district in Kenya. The data are derived from
what is commonly known as the Machakos Project conducted between 1975
and 1978....Essentially, the age pattern of mortality in the project
area is U-shaped and fits the Coale-Demeny family of model life tables
'North' level 19 perfectly well up to age 44....Infectious and
parasitic diseases were found to be the leading causes of death
followed by diseases of respiratory system and congenital anomalies and
certain conditions originating in the prenatal period....Sex
differences in mortality were noted among causes of death associated
with congenital anomalies and prenatal problems, external causes of
injury and poisoning, neoplasms, diseases of digestive system and
nutritional and metabolic diseases. The diseases of circulatory
system, though prevalent, did not show any sex
differences."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20138 Pollard, J.
H. Mortality and expectation of life. School of
Economic and Financial Studies Research Paper, No. 315, ISBN
0-85837-596-6. Apr 1987. 22 pp. Macquarie University, School of
Economic and Financial Studies: North Ryde, Australia. In Eng.
"The
projection of mortality rates requires inter alia close examination of
the mortality experience of a population over a long period of time and
will usually involve also the analysis of mortality trends by cause of
death....The connection between expectation of life and the mortality
rate at a particular age...is not a particularly simple one." The
author focuses on two recent studies, one by Eduardo E. Arriaga and the
other by J. H. Pollard, in which "techniques have been devised for
explaining change in life expectancy in terms of mortality changes in
particular age groups and by different causes of death. The approaches
adopted by the two authors differ, and the purpose of the present paper
is to reconcile these differing approaches and tie the results in with
others obtained by some earlier writers. A new method for explaining
the change in a life expectancy differential in terms of the observed
changes in the mortality differentials and the observed change in
overall mortality level is also described."
For the article by
Arriaga, published in 1984, see 50:10156. For the article by Pollard,
published in 1982, see 49:10159.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20139 Pollard, J.
H. Mortality changes and their economic consequences, with
particular reference to cause of death. School of Economic and
Financial Studies Research Paper, No. 316, ISBN 0-85837-597-4. Apr
1987. 35 pp. Macquarie University, School of Economic and Financial
Studies: North Ryde, Australia. In Eng.
"In this paper, techniques
previously developed for analysing the effects of mortality change on
expectation of life are extended to allow the analysis of changes in
certain key demographic and economic indicators. The methods allow
concise and ready interpretations of the factors leading to the
observed changes. Changes in the net reproduction rate of a
population, hospital insurance and pensions are given as examples." A
variable annuity formula is developed and applied. The majority of the
data are for Australia, with some data for Kuwait and Hungary used as
well.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20140 Tan, Poo
Chang; Kwok, Kwan Kit; Tan, Boon Ann; Nagaraj, Shyamala; Tey, Nai Peng;
Zulkifli, Siti N. Socio-economic development and mortality
patterns and trends in Malaysia. Asia-Pacific Population Journal,
Vol. 2, No. 1, Mar 1987. 3-20 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"The
purpose of this article is to systematically document changes in
mortality levels and differentials in Malaysia over time and to relate
these to changes in development indicators and health-related policies.
Much of the discussion necessarily focuses on Peninsular Malaysia in
view of the lower reliability and availability of data for Sabah and
Sarawak." Death rates for Malays, Chinese, and Indians are compared.
Changes coinciding with historic events in Malaysia, sex factors,
socioeconomic variables, and the expectation of life at birth are
considered. Special attention is given to neonatal and postneonatal
mortality rates. The authors also discuss the importance of birth
weight data in the study of infant mortality and offer policy
recommendations. In conclusion, it is stated that "Malaysia has a
fairly low mortality level. However, in terms of social indicators,
such as the provision of medical personnel and amenities including
potable water supply and sanitation, it lags behind some other
countries."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20141 Vilgocka,
Magda. Differences in life expectancy between men and
women. [K rozdilum ve stredni delce zivota mezi muzi a zenami ve
vybranych zemich.] Demografie, Vol. 29, No. 1, 1987. 46-54 pp. Prague,
Czechoslovakia. In Cze. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
Trends in sex
differentials in life expectancy since the 1950s in 23 developed
countries are reviewed. Separate consideration is given to factors
affecting mortality before and after age 65. The author notes that the
differences in mortality by sex under age 65 are diminishing. It is
concluded that social rather than biological factors are the main
causes of such mortality differentials.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20142 Adioetomo,
Sri Moertiningsih; Dasvarma, Gour L. Levels and trends of
child mortality in Indonesia by province (based on the 1971 and 1980
population censuses). [1986]. 51 pp. Universitas Indonesia,
Fakultas Ekonomi, Lembaga Demografi: Jakarta, Indonesia. In Eng.
The purpose of this study is "to estimate the levels and
differentials in child mortality by all provinces [of Indonesia] and
place of residence (urban-rural) based on the 1980 Population Census.
Trends in child mortality are also investigated using data from the
1971 Population Census, 1976 SUPAS II [part of the Intercensal
Population Survey] (only for the provinces in Java), and the 1980
Population Census." The paper is primarily descriptive, although
suggestions are made concerning the causes of the differentials
observed
Publisher's address: Salemba Raya 4, Jakarta 10430,
Indonesia.
Location: East-West Population Institute,
Honolulu, Hawaii; Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20143 Ali, M.
Korban. Covariates of infant mortality for first births in
Bangladesh: a hazards model analysis. In: Studies in African and
Asian demography: CDC annual seminar, 1986. CDC Research Monograph
Series, No. 16, 1987. 587-610 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo,
Egypt. In Eng.
"In this study an attempt is made to investigate the
covariates of mortality of first births in the infantile ages [in
Bangladesh]....The specific objectives of the study are: to identify
the covariates in order of importance in influencing the mortality of
the first births in the infantile age in Bangladesh; to study the
relative impact of mother's and father's education on the mortality of
the first births in [the] infantile age in Bangladesh; and to study the
changes in the impacts of parents' education when other covariates are
controlled." Data are from the 1975-1976 Bangladesh Fertility
Survey.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20144 Allen,
David M.; Buehler, James W.; Hogue, Carol J. R.; Strauss, Lilo T.;
Smith, Jack C. Regional differences in birth
weight-specific infant mortality, United States, 1980. Public
Health Reports, Vol. 102, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1987. 138-45 pp. Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
"This paper describes [U.S.] regional differences in
total and birth weight-specific infant mortality risks by race, in the
racial and birth weight distribution of births, and in the causes of
infant deaths. In addition, we explore possible reasons for
significant differences in race-specific mortality risks in three
regions compared with the remainder of the nation." Data from the
National Infant Mortality Surveillance (NIMS) project are for 1980.
Findings include that the infant mortality rate for blacks in all
regions is about twice that for whites and that the rate for whites in
the South is significantly higher than elsewhere in the
nation.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20145 Amin,
Ruhul; Mariam, A. G.; Faruquee, Rashid. Infant and child
mortality in Bangladesh, 1959-1976. Demography India, Vol. 15, No.
1, Jan-Jun 1986. 34-45 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"The purpose of
this paper is to explore the trends and differentials in infant and
child mortality in a society where no major improvement in [meeting]
the basic needs of human survival has been observed. Specifically, we
shall examine socioeconomic differences in infant and child mortality
using data from three sample surveys from Bangladesh: the National
Impact Survey of 1968, the World Fertility (WF) Survey of 1975, and the
Fertility and Poverty Survey of 1977....All single live births to
married couples interviewed in these three surveys are classified
according to birth outcome as well as the socioeconomic and demographic
characteristics of mother, infant, and child. Using live single births
recorded in the pregnancy histories of the mothers as the units of
analysis, this study seeks to conduct a multivariate analysis of child
mortality in Bangladesh."
It is found that "the levels of infant and
child mortality continued to be high in Bangladesh by a developing
country standard....Infants whose fathers belong to higher
socioeconomic strata, whose families live in urban areas, and whose
parents have better resources were more likely to have lower child
mortality. The magnitude of the difference in infant and child
mortality by these variables had become more pronounced over the
years...."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20146 Anderson,
Barbara A.; Silver, Brian D. Infant mortality in the
Soviet Union: regional differences and measurement issues.
Population and Development Review, Vol. 12, No. 4, Dec 1986. 705-38,
821-4 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"From
1950 through 1971, the reported infant mortality rate in the Soviet
Union declined; between 1971 and 1975, it increased. Even by 1985, the
reported rate exceeded that published for the late 1960s. It is argued
here that the evidence for a real increase in infant mortality in the
Soviet Union since 1971 is weak. The Soviet Union's definitions of
live birth and infant death make reported Soviet infant mortality rates
highly variable when minor improvements in registration procedures are
made. Efforts to increase the completeness of registration could have
induced higher reported infant mortality rates beginning around 1970.
The official Soviet definition of infant mortality differs from World
Health Organization recommendations. Because of this difference, even
if registration of infant deaths were complete, the reported Soviet
infant mortality rates should be adjusted upward by some 22-25 percent
to make them consistent with the WHO definition."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20147 Behm Rosas,
Hugo; Granados Bloise, Damaris; Robles Soto, Arodys; Hernandez Rojas,
Harry. Costa Rica: social groups at risk with regard to
infant survival, 1960-1984. [Costa Rica: los grupos sociales de
riesgo para la sobrevida infantil, 1960-1984.] CELADE Serie A, No.
1049; LC/DEM/CR/G.15, Mar 1987. 86 pp. U.N. Centro Latinoamericano de
Demografia [CELADE]: San Jose, Costa Rica; Canadian International
Development Agency [CIDA]: Ottawa, Canada. In Spa.
The authors
analyze the decline in infant mortality that occurred in Costa Rica
between 1961 and 1981, with a focus on the socioeconomic and geographic
variables that identify groups with a distinct risk of death at early
ages. Differences in infant mortality rates are studied according to
socio-occupational group of household head, maternal education, and
living conditions; the impact of rural as opposed to urban residence is
also considered.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20148 Buehler,
James W.; Strauss, Lilo T.; Hogue, Carol J. R.; Smith, Jack C.
Birth weight-specific causes of infant mortality, United States,
1980. Public Health Reports, Vol. 102, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1987. 162-71
pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"To describe underlying causes of
infant death by birth weight, we used [U.S.] data from the 1980
National Infant Mortality Surveillance project and aggregated
International Classification of Diseases codes into seven categories:
perinatal conditions, infections, congenital anomalies, injuries,
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), other known causes, and
nonspecific or unknown causes." Differences in causes of death between
white and black infants are reported. The information for the 1980
cohort is compared to national birth weight-specific mortality
statistics for 1960.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20149 Buehler,
James W.; Kleinman, Joel C.; Hogue, Carol J. R.; Strauss, Lilo T.;
Smith, Jack C. Birth weight-specific infant mortality,
United States, 1960 and 1980. Public Health Reports, Vol. 102, No.
2, Mar-Apr 1987. 151-61 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"In this
paper, we compare infant mortality for the 1960 and 1980 U.S. birth
cohorts....The purpose is to describe the contribution of changes in
birth weight distribution and birth weight-specific mortality to
declines in both neonatal and postneonatal mortality. This comparison
was done for infants in different race groups and in different regions
of the country." Data for individual states for the 1980 cohort are
from the National Infant Mortality Surveillance (NIMS) project; data
for the 1960 cohort are from a study by the National Center for Health
Statistics (NCHS). It is found that the risk of infant death dropped
by more than half during this period largely because of lower mortality
risks within birth weight categories. Trends for whites and blacks are
analyzed separately. The effects on this study of problems concerning
birth and death registration are also discussed.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20150
Castell-Florit Serrate, Pastor; Suarez Rosas, Luis; Portuondo
Dustet, Numidia; Lugo Martinez, Maria de las N.; Lima Perez, Maria T.;
Victorero de la Fe, Victor. Control of the nutritional
status of women in their fertile years as a factor influencing the
decline in infant mortality. Province of Havana, 1979-1983.
[Control del estado nutricional de las mujeres en edad fertil como
factor influyente en la disminucion de la mortalidad infantil.
Provincia La Habana, 1979-1983.] Revista Cubana de Administracion de
Salud, Vol. 12, No. 4, Oct-Dec 1986. 351-6 pp. Havana, Cuba. In Spa.
with sum. in Eng; Fre.
The impact of the nutritional status of
reproductive-age women on infant mortality in Cuba is analyzed for the
period 1979-1983. The risk of having low-birth-weight babies is
measured using nutritional indexes based on women's height, weight, and
age group. Data are from a survey of 69,655 women aged 15-49 in the
province of Havana.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20151 Chowdhury,
A. I.; Phillips, James F.; Shaikh, A. K. The trends in
neonatal, infant and child mortality in Matlab project period.
Demography India, Vol. 15, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1986. 26-33 pp. Delhi, India.
In Eng.
The impact of maternal-child health and family planning
services on infant and child mortality in Matlab, India, is assessed
using the case of a project begun in 1977. "The present paper
represents an initial analysis of trends in infant and child mortality
in Matlab with the aim of clarifying past trends and future research
implications. We begin by briefly describing the service interventions
in Matlab and the existing research on the impact of those services.
Next we discuss trends in neonatal, infant, and child mortality rates
over the project period." The data are for 4,256 neonatal and 3,185
infant deaths among 62,211 live births registered in Matlab between
1974 and 1982. According to the author, evidence is found of the
positive impact on mortality of the family planning and health
programs.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20152 Crognier,
E. Child mortality and society in Morocco. Journal of
Biosocial Science, Vol. 19, No. 2, Apr 1987. 127-37 pp. Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
"Multivariate (correspondence) analysis is
employed to identify socioeconomic factors affecting fertility and
infant mortality in Marrakesh (Morocco), using [1982] questionnaire
data from some 3,000 women attending 20 dispensaries in different parts
of the city. Factors of the material environment (availability of
water and electricity in the residence), size of household and number
of wage earners in it are pervasive and suggest a polarity between
archaic elements in the society (low material comfort, polygyny,
absence of contraception) and the more forward looking (monogamy,
tertiary occupations). Fertility and child mortality variations
reflect this polarity. The differences that occur among the 20
dispensaries direct attention to the neighbourhoods where public health
measures may be expected to be most effective and
rewarding."
Author's address: Equipe de Recherche 221, Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-en-Provence,
France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20153 Dasvarma,
G. L. Infant mortality in Indonesia: a review of recent
evidence. Demography India, Vol. 15, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1986. 61-75
pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author reviews recent estimates of
infant mortality in Indonesia. Estimates based on data collected in
the 1960s and 1970s are first discussed. Attention is then given to
estimates using data from the 1980 census and from four large
demographic surveys. A table presents information on 23 estimates
concerning the data base and method of estimation, time of reference,
estimated infant mortality rate for the region and for urban and rural
sections, and source. According to the author, "available recent
evidence has shown that infant mortality in Indonesia has declined and
is currently below 100 per 1,000 live births. Regional differentials
exist with almost the same magnitude as they did ten years ago.
However, the speed of decline in the infant mortality rate has been
reduced...."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20154 Friede,
Andrew; Baldwin, Wendy; Rhodes, Philip H.; Buehler, James W.; Strauss,
Lilo T.; Smith, Jack C.; Hogue, Carol J. R. Young maternal
age and infant mortality: the role of low birth weight. Public
Health Reports, Vol. 102, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1987. 192-9 pp. Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
The authors examine the effects of young maternal age
and low birth weight on neonatal and infant mortality among 2,527,813
black and white infants born in 1980. Figures are for women aged 10-29
residing in the United States. This study confirms previously observed
relationships, namely, strong associations between young maternal age
and high infant mortality and between young maternal age and prevalence
of low birth weight. Causes of infant death, socioeconomic factors,
and the effects on mortality risk of health care for teenage mothers
and their infants are discussed.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20155 Galway,
Katrina; Wolff, Brent; Sturgis, Richard. Child survival:
risks and the road to health. LC 86-34280. Mar 1987. 101 pp.
Westinghouse Institute for Resource Development, Demographic Data for
Development: Columbia, Maryland. In Eng.
This report examines
trends in infant and child mortality around the world using data from a
variety of sources. A review of world patterns and rates of child
survival is first presented, with extensive use of graphics. The major
impediments to child survival and the strategies for their removal are
then discussed. Among the causes of death considered are diarrheal
disease, vaccine-preventable diseases, acute respiratory infection,
malaria, malnutrition, and high-risk fertility behavior. The next
section considers socioeconomic factors associated with child survival,
including education and literacy, the availability of modern health
services, income per capita and government expenditures, food supply,
and water supply and sanitation facilities.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20156 Gandotra,
M. M.; Das, Narayan. Changes in infant mortality and its
causes over a decade. Demography India, Vol. 15, No. 1, Jan-Jun
1986. 76-85 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
The authors examine several
aspects of infant mortality for the period 1965-1975 in the Baroda
district of Gujarat, India. Direct and indirect estimation methods are
used to estimate the level of infant mortality during the period in
both rural and urban areas of the district. The extent of change in
infant mortality in both populations and urban-rural differentials are
assessed, and causes of death are identified. The data used are from a
baseline fertility survey conducted in the Baroda district in 1965 and
from the 1975 repeat survey. Comparisons are made among the infant
mortality rates estimated using the direct, Brass, Sullivan, and
Trussell methods. The distribution of infant deaths by age and sex is
also considered.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20157 Gonzalez
Perez, Guillermo; Herrera Leon, Lorenzo; Artiles Miret,
Lizette. Excess male mortality during the first year of
life in Cuba. [La sobremortalidad masculina en el primer ano de
vida en Cuba.] Revista Cubana de Administracion de Salud, Vol. 12, No.
4, Pub. Order No. 327-37. Oct-Dec 1986. Havana, Cuba. In Spa. with sum.
in Eng; Fre.
Trends in infant mortality in Cuba between 1960 and
1982 are analyzed, with a focus on reasons for excess male mortality
during the first year of life. Infant mortality rates for Cuba are
compared with those for selected other countries. The impact of
changes in Cuba's socioeconomic structure on the incidence of various
causes of death is discussed.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20158 Gubhaju,
Bhakta B. Level and trends of infant and child mortality
in Nepal. Demography India, Vol. 15, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1986. 46-60
pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author examines previous estimates of
infant and child mortality in Nepal and then produces estimates using
1976 Nepal Fertility Survey data and both direct and indirect methods.
"The direct method was found to be extremely rewarding as with this
technique it has been possible to study the time trend in infant and
child mortality. Indirect methods also provided fairly consistent
estimates of infant and child mortality from the 1976 Nepal Fertility
Survey data. It was encouraging to note that the estimates based on
indirect methods were in close agreement with those obtained from the
direct method. Finally, it is obvious from various estimation
techniques that infant and child mortality has been steadily declining
in Nepal."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20159 Hill, Allan
G.; Kaufmann, Georgia L. A review of materials and methods
for the study of infant and child mortality in Africa. CPS
Research Paper, No. 87-1, ISBN 0-902657-18-6. Apr 1987. 39 pp.
University of London, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
Centre for Population Studies: London, England. In Eng.
A review of
the available materials and methods for the study of infant and child
mortality in Africa is presented. The emphasis is on published
materials available in London libraries. "This review aims to
demonstrate some of the limitations of existing approaches and at the
same time, the value of introducing a number of modest but important
improvements." A major theme stressed by the authors is that a
reevaluation of the role of the civil registration system is a
necessary component in improving health services in
Africa.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20160 Hogue,
Carol J. R.; Buehler, James W.; Strauss, Lilo T.; Smith, Jack
C. Overview of the National Infant Mortality Surveillance
(NIMS) Project--design, methods, results. Public Health Reports,
Vol. 102, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1987. 126-38 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This article is an overview of the design, methods, and results of
the National Infant Mortality Surveillance (NIMS) project, a nationwide
project to provide data on neonatal, postneonatal, and infant mortality
risks for blacks, whites, and all races in 12 categories of birth
weights for the 1980 U.S. birth cohort. A history of the development
of the project and the national data base is followed by information on
birth weight distribution, birth weight-specific infant mortality,
birth weight distribution of deaths, and risk factors for infant
mortality. Factors associated with risk of infant death include birth
weight, race, gender, gestational age, birth order, maternal age,
maternal education, and quality of prenatal care.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20161 Lutz,
Wolfgang. Child mortality in Nepal: an analysis of its
socioeconomic determinants and a comparison with other developing
countries. [Kindersterblichkeit in Nepal: Analyse
sozio-okonomischer Determinanten und Vergleich zu anderen
Entwicklungslandern.] Demographische Informationen, 1986. 62-70, 145
pp. Vienna, Austria. In Ger. with sum. in Eng.
The author studies
child mortality in Nepal in this section of a large comparative project
involving 15 developing countries. "Employing a method suggested by
Trussell and Preston (1982) a child mortality index is computed for
every woman by relating actual number of child deaths to the expected
number of child deaths implied by marital duration, fertility, and the
national mortality level. Based on the Nepal Fertility Survey of 1976
bi-, tri-, and multivariate analysis showed significant child mortality
differentials according to mothers' and fathers' education, religion,
and ecological region. The population of Nepal is still extremely
homogeneous in that 96% of all ever-married women aged 15-49 can
neither read or write, 95% live in rural areas, and 90% are Hindus.
For women deviating from this pattern child mortality is in most cases
substantially lower."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:20162 Mahadevan,
K.; Murthy, M. S. R.; Reddy, P. R.; Reddy, P. J.; Gowri, V.; Sivaraju,
S. Infant and childhood mortality in India (bio-social
determinants). LC 85-905202. 1985. xiv, 120 pp. Mittal
Publications: Delhi, India. In Eng.
An analysis of differentials in
infant and early childhood mortality in India is presented. The data
concern a sample of 3,000 households in the Chittoor District of Andhra
Pradesh in southern India. "The determinants considered were:
cultural and socio-economic conditions, socialization, demography,
community health and nutrition. The study was carried out across the
three major cultural groups, viz., the Muslims, the Harijans and the
Caste Hindus, belonging to the Rayalaseema region of Andhra
Pradesh."
Publisher's address: B-2/19-B Lawrence Road, Delhi 110
035, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20163 Makinson,
Carolyn. Sex differentials in infant and child mortality
in Egypt. Pub. Order No. DA8629436. 1986. 318 pp. University
Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
The author
investigates factors contributing to excess female infant and child
mortality in Egypt. A multivariate analysis of 1980 Egyptian Fertility
Survey data, the Mosley-Chen child survival framework, and data from
the 1978 Egyptian National Nutrition Survey are used. "It was
concluded that parental son preference, and excess female child
mortality, were not due to parental calculations of the economic or
old-age security value of children. Evidence was found that Egyptian
women are socialized into the belief that social status and marital
security depend on the birth and survival of male children and that
males should be given preferential treatment."
This work was
prepared as a doctoral dissertation at Princeton
University.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International,
A: Humanities and Social Sciences 47(9).
53:20164 Mandjale,
Akoto E. Infant and child mortality in Africa: levels and
characteristics, causes and determinants. [Mortalite infantile et
juvenile en Afrique: niveaux et caracteristiques, causes et
determinants.] ISBN 2-87085-058-1. 1985. 273 pp. CIACO Editeur:
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Fre.
The author examines infant and
child mortality in Africa, drawing on numerous published works. The
book is divided into two parts: the first is concerned with measuring
mortality in Africa, and the second deals with causes. Attention is
given to data sources and methods of adjustment and to trends in
national mortality levels between 1960 and 1975. Determinants of
infant and child mortality in 11 African countries are discussed, and
the roles of low birth weight and malnutrition are
noted.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20165 Marks,
James S.; Buehler, James W.; Strauss, Lilo T.; Hogue, Carol J. R.;
Smith, Jack C. Variation in state-specific infant
mortality risks. Public Health Reports, Vol. 102, No. 2, Mar-Apr
1987. 146-51 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Data from the [U.S.]
National Infant Mortality Surveillance project were used to examine the
State-specific variations in infant, neonatal, and postneonatal
mortality and to examine some of the factors affecting the risks of
death." Data are for the 1980 birth cohort. Mortality risk ratios of
two or greater are found when comparing high and low states concerning
various aspects of mortality at early ages. Comparison to similar
figures for other developed countries, Sweden in particular, indicates
that differences among U.S. states are greater than differences found
between the United States and Scandinavian
countries.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20166 Monteiro,
Mario F. G. The estimation of socioeconomic differences in
infant mortality using the case control method. [Estimativas de
diferenciais socio-economicos de mortalidade infantil utilizando a
tecnica de estudo de caso-controle.] Revista Brasileira de Estatistica,
Vol. 45, No. 177-178, Jan-Jun 1984. 75-88 pp. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
In Por.
The socioeconomic factors affecting infant mortality in
Porto Alegre, Brazil, are analyzed using the case control method and
data for 672 infant deaths and 755 controls taken from a 1982 housing
survey and the 1980 census. The results indicate that the risks of an
infant death are three times greater in the lowest income level than in
the highest income level.
Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
53:20167 Okolski,
Marek. Promotive and impeding factors in the decline in
infant mortality. [Czynniki sprzyjajace spadkowi umieralnosci
niemowlat i hamujace go.] Studia Demograficzne, Vol. 2, No. 4/86, 1986.
3-22 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
Although
infant mortality has declined in Poland since World War II, the author
notes that the rate of decline has decreased over time and that the
situation in Poland has worsened relative to trends in Western European
countries. Revised data, involving changes in the definition of a live
birth, are analyzed to identify the factors associated with the
deterioration of the situation in Poland. The failure to improve
neonatal mortality is considered a major problem.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20168 Pickering,
H.; Hayes, R. J.; Ng'andu, N.; Smith, P. G. Social and
environmental factors associated with the risk of child mortality in a
peri-urban community in the Gambia. Transactions of the Royal
Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 80, No. 2, 1986. 311-6
pp. London, England. In Eng.
These are the results of a study on
infant and child mortality in Bakau, the Gambia. The study, carried
out in 1982, concerned 479 children, 17 of whom died. Factors
associated with mortality include self-employment of mother, presence
of animals in the compound where the child lived, maternal education,
and health knowledge.
Location: U.S. National Library of
Medicine, Bethesda, Md.
53:20169 Rodriguez
Soto, Agustin; Avalos Triana, Octavio. Infant mortality in
the province of Granma, 1977-1984. [La mortalidad infantil en la
provincia Granma. Anos 1977-1984.] Revista Cubana de Administracion de
Salud, Vol. 12, No. 3, Jul-Sep 1986. 221-8 pp. Havana, Cuba. In Spa.
with sum. in Eng; Fre.
Trends in infant mortality in the Cuban
province of Granma between 1977 and 1984 are analyzed. Consideration
is given to causes of death, geographic factors, and timing of
occurrence of death.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20170 Sandhya,
S. Socio-cultural and economic correlates of infant
mortality: a case study of Andhra Pradesh. Demography India, Vol.
15, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1986. 86-102 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
The
author examines the influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on
infant mortality in Andhra Pradesh, India. The data are from fieldwork
conducted in 1981 in which a sample of households having experienced at
least one infant death in the preceding three years was interviewed.
Attention is given to the effects on infant mortality of caste, family
characteristics, parents' education and occupation, socioeconomic
status, prenatal and delivery care, infant feeding practices, and
preference for sons in medical care.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20171
Sappenfield, William M.; Buehler, James W.; Binkin, Nancy J.;
Hogue, Carol J. R.; Strauss, Lilo T.; Smith, Jack C.
Differences in neonatal and postneonatal mortality by race, birth
weight, and gestational age. Public Health Reports, Vol. 102, No.
2, Mar-Apr 1987. 182-92 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"With the use
of data from 45 of the 53 vital statistics reporting areas that
participated in the 1980 [U.S.] National Infant Mortality Surveillance
project, we extended previous State analyses to describe differences,
nationally, in neonatal and postneonatal mortality risks for black and
white infants according to gestational age and birth weight." It is
found that neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates have declined
overall in the United States. Mortality rates for black infants,
however, continue to be about twice those for white infants due to
greater frequency of lower birth weights and earlier gestational age
births, as well as a higher mortality risk for higher birth weight,
term, black newborns.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:20172 Sayed,
Hussein A. A.; Ishak, Magued G. Some demographic
implications of a general model to study infant mortality. In:
Studies in African and Asian demography: CDC annual seminar, 1986. CDC
Research Monograph Series, No. 16, 1987. 105-25 pp. Cairo Demographic
Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
The authors present a model to fit
the patterns of infant mortality in both developed and developing
countries, as well as a procedure to estimate the model's parameters.
A demographic analysis of the model is performed to determine
rural-urban and governorate differentials in Egypt for the years 1977,
1978, and 1979.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20173 Udjo, E.
O. Levels and trends in infant and child mortality among
some Kanuri of north-east Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics,
Vol. 33, No. 1, Feb 1987. 43-7 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Information on infant and child mortality levels in Nigeria is
poor and fragmentary due to the absence of reliable sources of
demographic data at the national level. This study is an attempt to
provide some information on the subject relating to some Kanuri of
north-east Nigeria using data obtained from a single round
retrospective survey. Direct and indirect methods of analysis of the
Kanuri data point to modest infant and child mortality levels by
African standard with little improvement over the years."
Author's
address: Department of Sociology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri,
Borno State, Nigeria.
Location: U.S. National Library of
Medicine, Bethesda, Md.
53:20174 Vuorinen,
Heikki S. Core-periphery differences in infant
mortality. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 24, No. 8, 1987.
659-67 pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The study
aims to describe the development of core-periphery differences in
infant mortality trends in Finland from 1950 to 1984." The results
indicate that, at the national level, differences between the core and
the periphery disappear by the mid-1960s. "At present there is
scarcely any core-periphery variation in the trends of different
components of infant mortality....Several possible methodological,
socio-economic, demographic and health care factors that may explain
the differences in infant mortality trends between core and periphery
at different levels of spatial hierarchy are discussed."
Author's
address: Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki,
Haartmaninkatu 3, SF-00290 Helsinki 29, Finland.
Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
53:20175 Yadav,
H. Infant mortality in rural Malaysia: an analysis and
their causes (1970-1984). Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, Vol. 32,
No. 5, Oct 1986. 244-8 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
An analysis of
infant mortality in rural Malaysia is presented using data for the
district of Krian concerning all registered infant deaths occurring
between 1976 and 1984. The results show that the infant mortality rate
declined 58.2 percent over this period, toddler mortality declined 40.3
percent, and maternal mortality fell 43.3 percent. Consideration is
given to differences in mortality by ethnic group and time of death and
to differences in causes of death.
Author's address: Public Health
Institute, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Location:
U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md.
53:20176 Garson, Lea
K. The centenarian question: old-age mortality in the
Soviet Union, 1897 to 1970. Pub. Order No. DA8621706. 1986. 147
pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This dissertation examines the available Russian and Soviet census
and mortality data from 1897 to 1970 in order to assess Soviet claims
of extraordinary numbers of centenarians. A detailed analysis of age
overstatement in the census data and death registration statistics
shows that the long history of longevity claims goes hand in hand with
a long history of age overstatement. The extraordinary longevity
observed in the Soviet Union is in all likelihood the result of that
age overstatement."
This work was prepared as a doctoral
dissertation at Princeton University.
Source: Dissertation
Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 47(6).
53:20177 Gutierrez,
Hector. The mortality of Latin American bishops in the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. [La mortalite des eveques
latino-americains aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siecles.] Annales de Demographie
Historique, 1986. 29-39 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"The mortality of almost all the bishops of Latin America in the
17th and 18th centuries has been studied from a religious source.
Their mortality was much higher than that of French bishops (life
expectation at 40 years of age; 20.3 years for the Latin Americans and
29.0 for the French bishops in the 18th century). No important
differences in the life expectation at 40 years and at the age of
nomination are to be found. The regions where mortality was highest
were the tropical zones at sea level. In the temperate regions,
farther from the Equator or located in the Andean valleys, living
conditions were better for the bishop's health. The mortality of this
special group may have been different from that of the whole
population, but it provides a reference point for the study of the
mortality of adults in the past for Latin
America."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20178 Jimenez
Paneque, Rosa. Adult mortality between ages 15 and 49 in
Cuba. Levels and trends, 1960-1982. [La mortalidad del adulto de
15 a 49 anos en Cuba. Niveles y evolucion, 1960-1982.] Revista Cubana
de Administracion de Salud, Vol. 12, No. 4, Oct-Dec 1986. 339-49 pp.
Havana, Cuba. In Spa. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
Mortality levels and
trends for the population of Cuba aged 15-49 are analyzed. Differences
according to age, sex, and cause of death are described. "Results show
a trend to decreased mortality in most of the causes, particularly
marked for infectious diseases and maternal deaths; accidents and other
unnatural causes are [the] first cause of death in the younger groups;
cardiovascular diseases and neoplasias increased their relative
importance, even more in those older than 30
years."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20179 Malaker, C.
R. Estimation of adult mortality in India: 1971-81.
Demography India, Vol. 15, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1986. 126-36 pp. Delhi,
India. In Eng.
The author estimates adult mortality for India using
preliminary 1981 census results and two indirect estimation techniques,
one using information on widowhood and the other using census age
distributions. The life table functions under both models are also
presented. It is found that "the results are highly plausible and
consistent particularly with the census based method. The widowhood
method also gives reasonable estimates of male adult mortality. The
female adult mortality as obtained by this technique is severely
underestimated....The method is susceptible to the incidence of
remarriage....The second contributory factor is the higher mortality
risks for the widowed relative to the currently
married."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20180 Nanjo,
Zenji; Kobayashi, Kazumasa. Method of computing the
expectation of life at old age on the basis of the principle of
agreement with data. NUPRI Research Paper Series, No. 36, Mar
1987. vi, 10 pp. Nihon University, Population Research Institute:
Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
"This paper presents a method of calculating
values of life expectancy at ages 80 or more, on the basis of the
principle of agreement with the data." Life table values are
calculated using three types of data for Japan.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20181 Armstrong,
Robert J.; Curtin, Lester R. U.S. decennial life tables
for 1979-81. Volume I, Number 3: methodology of the national and
state life tables. Pub. Order No. DHHS (PHS) 87-1150-3. LC
85-600190. May 1987. iii, 16 pp. U.S. National Center for Health
Statistics [NCHS]: Hyattsville, Maryland. In Eng.
"This report
describes the methodology employed in the preparation of the 1979-81
decennial life tables for the United States, the 50 individual States,
and the District of Columbia. These tables are based on the 1980 U.S.
census populations and the deaths of 1979-81."
For two related
publications presenting the referenced life tables, both published in
1985, see 52:10215 and 52:10216.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20182 de Bowman,
Nivia; de Cantillo, Yadira A. Republic of Panama.
Abbreviated life tables for the republic, rural and urban areas and
provinces, according to sex: 1980-2000. [Republica de Panama.
Tablas abreviadas de vida de la republica, areas urbana-rural y
provincias, segun sexo: periodo 1980-2000.] Estadistica Panamena,
Boletin, No. 5, Apr 6, 1987. 57 pp. Direccion de Estadistica y Censo:
Panama City, Panama. In Spa.
Abbreviated life tables are presented
by sex for Panama, its urban and rural areas, and provinces. The
tables are derived from projections of the national population and
cover the period 1980-2000.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:20183 Ortega,
Antonio. Life tables. [Tablas de mortalidad.] CELADE
Serie E, No. 1004; LC/DEM/CR/G.16, Apr 1987. xiii, 295 pp. U.N. Centro
Latinoamericano de Demografia [CELADE]: San Jose, Costa Rica. In Spa.
This textbook is intended to provide an introduction to the study
of life table methodology. Chapters contain information on
introductory concepts, the different functions of the life table,
probabilities of life and death, the survivorship relations necessary
to make population projections, model life tables, the various methods
that can be used in Latin American countries to construct abbreviated
and complete life tables, and some applications of the life table in
population studies. There are examples and exercises that incorporate
the concepts illustrated in each particular
chapter.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20184 Perez
Brignoli, Hector. Costa Rica (1866-1973): model life
tables. [Costa Rica (1866-1973): tablas modelo de mortalidad.]
Avances de Investigacion, No. 26, 1987. 37 pp. Universidad de Costa
Rica, Centro de Investigaciones Historicas: San Jose, Costa Rica. In
Spa.
This publication contains five life tables by sex for Costa
Rica covering the period 1866-1973. The tables for 1950, 1963, and
1973 are official; those for 1866 and 1927 were calculated as part of
the present study. Methods of life table construction are described,
and the applicability of various model life tables to the demographic
situation in Latin America is assessed.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20185 Barker, D.
J. P.; Osmond, C. Inequalities in health in Britain:
specific explanations in three Lancashire towns. British Medical
Journal, Vol. 294, No. 6574, Mar 21, 1987. 749-52 pp. London, England.
In Eng.
Reasons for differences in mortality among three
neighboring towns in northern England are considered. Data are from
official sources, including the 1911 and 1971 censuses, published
reports, and death certificates for the period 1968-1978. It is noted
that the rates of death from all causes differ greatly among the towns
although socioeconomic conditions are similar. "The pattern of disease
specific rates was analysed and related to past differences in infant
mortality. It is suggested that past differences in maternal health
and physique and in the postnatal environment, particularly infant
feeding, housing, and overcrowding, may be determinants of current
differences in adult mortality."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SZ).
53:20186 Carr-Hill,
Roy A.; Hardman, Geoffrey F.; Russell, Ian T. Variations
in avoidable mortality and variations in health care resources.
Lancet, No. 8536, Apr 4, 1987. 789-92 pp. Boston, Massachusetts/London,
England. In Eng.
The authors question the concept proposed by John
R. H. Charlton and others of measuring the effectiveness of medical
treatment in England and Wales by calculating mortality from specified
diseases for which death is apparently avoidable given appropriate
medical intervention. They point out that the proposal "was not
supported by direct analysis of the relation between health care
resources and avoidable mortality--an analysis which is essential for
establishing the validity of avoidable mortality as an indicator of the
outcome of health care. Thus the proposal does not yet have any basis,
theoretical or practical. A more realistic but still oversimple model
is now proposed. With presently available data, however, the validity
of avoidable mortality is unlikely to be established, even by this
model."
Author's address: Centre for Health Economics and Institute
for Research in the Social Sciences, University of York, York Y01 5DD,
England.
For the original study by Charlton et al., published in
1983, see 49:20208.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SZ).
53:20187 Clark,
Alice W. Social demography of excess female mortality in
India: new directions. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 22,
No. 17, Apr 25, 1987. WS12-21 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
Sex
differentials in mortality in South Asia are examined. In particular,
the author examines the extent to which excess female mortality may be
socially rather than biologically derived. The problems related to the
use of models based on Western data are noted. The author advances two
hypotheses: "(1) that excess female mortality, in its socially
conditioned aspect, forms a part of an overall reproductive strategy,
which in most cases reflects strategic calculations of social units
considerably larger than the household; (2) that class and gender
relations may have primacy over many other independent variables as
determinants of demographic rates. In other words, variables which
operate at a more proximate level may be decisively influenced by
changes in class and gender relations, and in their
interrelations."
Location: Princeton University Library
(PF).
53:20188 Hungary.
Kozponti Statisztikai Hivatal (Budapest, Hungary). Studies
in mortality differentials, 2. Mortality differentials by causes of
death and areas (standardized mortality ratios) 1970-1974, XI.
1987. 385 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Eng.
This is one in a series of
publications resulting from a project concerning the analysis of recent
mortality trends in Hungary, including the reasons for mortality
differentials. The focus of the present report, which is one of three,
is on differences in causes of death by area for the period 1970-1974.
Consideration is also given to differences in mortality between rural
and urban areas.
For reports for the periods 1975-1979 and
1980-1984, see elsewhere in this issue.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20189 Hungary.
Kozponti Statisztikai Hivatal (Budapest, Hungary). Studies
in mortality differentials, 2. Mortality differentials by causes of
death and areas (standardized mortality ratios) 1975-1979, XII.
1987. 385 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Eng.
This is one in a series of
publications resulting from a project concerning the analysis of recent
mortality trends in Hungary, including the reasons for mortality
differentials. The focus of the present report, which is one of three,
is on differences in causes of death by area for the period 1975-1979.
Consideration is also given to differences in mortality between rural
and urban areas.
For reports for the periods 1970-1974 and
1980-1984, see elsewhere in this issue.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20190 Hungary.
Kozponti Statisztikai Hivatal (Budapest, Hungary). Studies
in mortality differentials, 2. Mortality differentials by causes of
death and areas (standardized mortality ratios) 1980-1984, XIII.
1987. 385 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Eng.
This is one in a series of
publications resulting from a project concerning the analysis of recent
mortality trends in Hungary, including the reasons for mortality
differentials. The focus of the present report, which is one of three,
is on differences in causes of death by area for the period 1980-1984.
Consideration is also given to differences in mortality between rural
and urban areas.
For reports for the periods 1970-1974 and
1975-1979, see elsewhere in this issue.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20191 Mazur,
Alicja. An attempt to estimate the mean life expectancy by
city size in Poland. [Proba estymacji trwania zycia wedlug
wielkosci miast w Polsce.] Studia Demograficzne, Vol. 2, No. 4/86,
1986. 49-69 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
An
attempt is made to analyze differentials in life expectancy by city
size in Poland using official data for 1982-1984. Six city sizes are
identified and analyzed separately using abridged life tables
constructed according to the method developed by Chiang. The results
suggest that life expectancy is better in smaller localities, but that
factors other than city size are of relevance. Consideration is also
given to excess male mortality.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20192 Oya-Sawyer,
Diana; Fernandez-Castilla, Rogelio; Monte-Mor, Roberto L. de
M. The impact of urbanization and industrialization on
mortality in Brazil. [L'impact de l'urbanisation et de
l'industrialisation sur la mortalite au Bresil.] World Health
Statistics Quarterly/Rapport Trimestriel de Statistiques Sanitaires
Mondiales, Vol. 40, No. 1, 1987. 84-95 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng;
Fre.
The authors examine mortality differentials in Brazil,
focusing on the processes of urbanization and industrialization in Sao
Paulo State and the Northeast Region. Official data are used in the
analysis. Attention is given to infant mortality rates for the years
1956-1983 and to infant mortality rates by mother's level of education,
1954-1978; these periods constitute a time of rapid economic growth for
Brazil. Mortality at other ages and causes of death during the
post-economic-boom era since 1975 are then considered. In concluding,
the authors note that "the experience of Brazil suggests that
urbanization and industrialization cause environmental changes
(communications, transportation and sanitation infrastructure) that
favour a decline in the mortality rates. However, this is not a
straightforward process....Urbanization and industrialization have had
a different impact on the various segments of the population, giving
rise to differences according to urban/rural areas and social
strata."
Author's address: Regional Development and Planning
(CEDEPLAR), Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Brazil.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20193
Pagtolun-an, Imelda G. A methodology for
segregating rural and urban mortality. Pub. Order No. DA8620651.
1986. 244 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan.
In Eng.
"This study involved the design and testing of the Rural
Urban Mortality Measurement (RUMM) technique. The technique generates
independent estimates of rural and urban mortality for all age-groups
by segregating death registration data into areas of similar
characteristics to urban and rural areas....In order to assess the
reliability and validity of the RUMM technique, it was applied to the
Philippine death registration data of 1975 and 1980, and to the 1980
death registration data for Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia." The
analysis indicates "the robustness of the RUMM technique as well as its
non-dependence on any specific index of urbanization and on any
technique of assessing completeness of death registration."
This
work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University.
Source: Dissertation
Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 47(6).
53:20194
Passannante, Marian R. C.; Nathanson, Constance A.
Women in the labor force: are sex mortality differentials
changing? Journal of Occupational Medicine, Vol. 29, No. 1, Jan
1987. 21-8 pp. Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"The relationship
between the increasing participation of [U.S.] women in the labor
force, female mortality, and the male-female mortality differential is
examined....The mortality experience of women and men 16 to 64 years of
age in the Wisconsin civilian labor force is examined for the period
1974 to 1978 through comparisons of central death rates and sex
mortality ratios. In general, this study suggests that, at this time,
female mortality is not negatively affected by female labor force
participation. Furthermore, there is little evidence to suggest that
the entrance of women into the labor force will narrow the sex
mortality differential in the general population. However, among
certain occupation groups, males and females of similar marital status
experience mortality rates that are quite similar. Possible
interpretations of these unusual findings are presented."
Author's
address: Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health,
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical
School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ
07103-2757.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, Md.
53:20195 Rosenwaike,
Ira. Mortality differentials among persons born in Cuba,
Mexico, and Puerto Rico residing in the United States, 1979-81.
American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 77, No. 5, May 1987. 603-6 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper examines the mortality
experience in 1979-81 of three first generation Hispanic subpopulations
in the United States, as defined by area of birth (Cuba, Mexico, Puerto
Rico)....Generally, mortality is relatively high among Cuban-born,
Mexican-born and Puerto Rican-born adolescents and young adults,
particularly males, largely due to violent deaths. Aged migrants,
despite their disadvantaged socioeconomic status, exhibit relatively
low death rates from heart disease and cancer." The data are from
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) mortality tapes and the
1980 U.S. census
Author's address: School of Social Work,
University of Pennsylvania, 3701 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA
19104.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:20196 Valkonen,
Tapani. Social inequality in the face of death. In:
European Population Conference 1987. Plenaries/Congres Europeen de
Demographie 1987. Seances plenieres, edited by the International Union
for the Scientific Study of Population and the European Association for
Population Studies. 1987. 201-61 pp. Central Statistical Office:
Helsinki, Finland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"In this paper I
review and discuss recent studies on socio-economic mortality
differentials in Europe. The paper is divided into six sections.
Section II deals with differences in adult mortality between different
social classes, section III with differences by level of education,
section IV with differences in infant mortality, and section V is a
summary of the descriptive results. The last section contains a
discussion of problems met in an attempt to explain the findings." A
number of studies pertaining to various European countries and
concerned mainly with the 1970s and 1980s are
discussed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20197 Boerma,
Ties. The magnitude of the maternal mortality problem in
sub-Saharan Africa. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 24, No. 6,
1987. 551-8 pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
The
author reviews existing data from several sources used to estimate
national levels of maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. "The
attempt has been made to assess the level of maternal mortality by
studying the relative importance of maternal death, health services
coverage data, perinatal mortality, causes of maternal death and
traditional birth practices. It is concluded that national levels of
maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa most likely vary from 250 to
700 per 100,000 live births, in proportion to the variation in overall
levels of mortality in the countries." The author points out the need
for data from peripheral hospitals and from community surveys to
improve coverage of deliveries and maternal deaths, causes of maternal
deaths, socioeconomic differentials, perinatal mortality, and
abortion-related mortality
Author's address: Primary Health Care,
UNICEF, P.O. Box 44145, Nairobi, Kenya.
Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
53:20198 Carstensen,
John M.; Pershagen, Goran; Eklund, Gunnar. Mortality in
relation to cigarette and pipe smoking: 16 years' observation of
25,000 Swedish men. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health,
Vol. 41, No. 2, Jun 1987. 166-72 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"In a
random sample of 25,129 Swedish men who responded to a questionnaire on
smoking habits in 1963 the cause specific mortality was followed
through 1979. In the cohort, 32% smoked cigarettes, 27% a pipe, and 5%
cigars. There were clear covariations...between the amount of tobacco
smoked and the risk of death due to cancer of the oral cavity and
larynx, oesophagus, liver, pancreas, lung, and bladder as well as due
to bronchitis and emphysema, ischaemic heart disease, aortic aneurysm,
and peptic ulcer. Pipe smokers showed similar risk levels to cigarette
smokers."
Author's address: Department of Cancer Epidemiology,
Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Box 60500, S-104 01,
Stockholm, Sweden.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20199 Cisneros
Linares, Aida D.; de los Angeles, Maria; Mejuto, Vasquez.
Trends in mortality from cerebrovascular disease in Cuba.
[Tendencia de la mortalidad por enfermedad cerebrovascular en Cuba.]
Archivos de Neurobiologia, Vol. 49, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1986. 336-42 pp.
Madrid, Spain. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
Mortality trends from
cerebrovascular diseases in Cuba from 1968 to 1981 are analyzed. The
results indicate that mortality from these causes declined at
approximately the same rate for both men and women.
53:20200 Dayal, H.;
Goldberg-Alberts, R.; Kinman, J.; Ramos, J.; Sharrar, R.; Shapiro,
S. Patterns of mortality from selected causes in an urban
population. Journal of Chronic Diseases, Vol. 39, No. 11, 1986.
877-88 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Mortality data for selected
non-cancer causes for the period 1974-1980 were analyzed for the City
of Philadelphia to examine spatial patterns. Four categories of
conditions--ischemic heart disease (including acute myocardial
infarction), chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, cerebrovascular
disease, and external causes--demonstrated significant variation in
death rates. Moreover, neighborhoods with high levels of mortality for
these conditions appeared in significant clusters. With the exception
of ischemic heart disease, neighborhoods with high levels of mortality
were characterized by below average levels of [socioeconomic status].
A group of predominantly black neighborhoods in the central part of the
city had extremely high rates for five or more of the nine causes
investigated in this paper." The results along with results of
previous studies concerned with cancer mortality, "support the
hypothesis that there are social and behavioral factors that are
associated with a wide range of disease conditions, and many of these
factors are associated with socioeconomic status."
Author's address:
Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111.
Location:
U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md.
53:20201 Devesa,
Susan S. Cancer mortality, incidence, and patient survival
among American women. Women and Health, Vol. 11, No. 3-4,
Fall-Winter 1986. 7-22 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Descriptive
patterns of cancer among American women are presented utilizing
national mortality statistics and data from several National Cancer
Institute incidence surveys, the Connecticut Tumor Registry, the End
Results Group Program, and the current Surveillance, Epidemiology, and
End Results Program. From 1950 to 1980, deaths from cancer among women
have become more numerous, but the overall age-adjusted mortality rates
have not increased." Consideration is given to changes in mortality by
site of cancer among U.S. women over time and to mortality
differentials by ethnic group and sex.
Author's address:
Biostatistics Branch, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, National
Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Location: U.S.
National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md.
53:20202 Ferreira,
Carlos E. de C.; Ceneviva, Paulo. Maternal deaths.
[Mortes maternas.] Revista da Fundacao SEADE, Vol. 2, No. 1, Jan-Apr
1986. 17-24 pp. Sao Paulo, Brazil. In Por.
The authors first
discuss the difficulties involved in obtaining accurate data on the
causes of maternal deaths in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Next,
they examine changes in maternal mortality between 1940 and 1983 due to
specific causes (abortion, ectopic pregnancy, eclampsia, puerperal
infection, and hemorrhaging) and contributory causes such as
hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, anemia, and nutritional
deficiencies. Data are also provided on maternal mortality rates,
maternal mortality by age, and mortality in connection with cesarean
section. Finally, they offer suggestions for improving the information
on maternal mortality.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:20203 Fett,
Michael J.; Nairn, Jean R.; Cobbin, Deirdre M.; Adena, Michael
A. Mortality among Australian conscripts of the Vietnam
conflict era. II. Causes of death. American Journal of
Epidemiology, Vol. 125, No. 5, May 1987. 878-84 pp. Baltimore,
Maryland. In Eng.
"In a cohort of Australian national service
conscripts, death rates from International Classification of Diseases,
Eighth Revision (ICD-8) cause of death classes for 19,205 veterans of
the Vietnam conflict were compared with those of 25,677 veterans who
served only in Australia." The results do not indicate that service in
Vietnam has significantly increased subsequent mortality, but do show
some evidence of an increased level of stress-related disorders among
those who served in Vietnam
Author's address: Australian Veterans
Health Studies, Commonwealth Institute of Health, University of Sydney,
Sydney, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SZ). Source: For a related study, also published by Fett et
al. in 1987, see elsewhere in this issue.
53:20204 Fortney,
Judith A. The importance of family planning in reducing
maternal mortality. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 18, No. 2,
Mar-Apr 1987. 109-14 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The author
examines why recent studies vary significantly in their estimation of
the impact of family planning in reducing maternal mortality in
developing countries. The main reasons for these discrepancies are
sought in differences in the choice of measure of maternal mortality,
combined with a confusion in terminology
Author's address:
Reproductive Epidemiology Division, Family Health International,
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20205 Gori, Gio
B.; Lynch, Cornelius J. Decline of U.S. cancer mortality
rates: expert estimates of past underreporting. Regulatory
Toxicology and Pharmacology, Vol. 6, No. 3, Sep 1986. 261-73 pp.
Duluth, Minnesota. In Eng.
"Regulatory and public health policies
in the United States are predicated on the uncritical acceptance of an
alleged explosion in cancer mortality rates. In reality, several
studies offer evidence that cancer mortality went underreported as one
goes back in time, due to progressive deficiencies in diagnostic and
registration practices. Because the absence of historical records
precludes a comprehensive direct verification, a group of experts were
polled to estimate the impact of this bias on U.S. cancer mortality
statistics. The nature of this exercise speaks against a numerical
interpretation of the results; however, their broad analogic meaning
suggests that age-adjusted mortality and probably the incidence of
leading cancers have significantly declined for decades, with the major
exception of respiratory tract cancers."
Author's address: Franklin
Institute, Policy Analysis Center, 4701 Willard Avenue, Suite 310,
Chevy Chase, MD 20815.
Location: U.S. National Library of
Medicine, Bethesda, Md.
53:20206 Hogberg,
U.; Wall, S.; Brostrom, G. The impact of early medical
technology on maternal mortality in late 19th century Sweden.
International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Vol. 24, No. 4,
Aug 1986. 251-61 pp. Limerick, Ireland. In Eng.
The decline in
maternal mortality that occurred in Sweden between 1751 and 1900 is
analyzed. During this period, maternal mortality was reduced by 76
percent, in contrast to overall female mortality, which declined 33
percent. The focus is on the period 1861 to 1900, when maternal
mortality declined from 567 to 227 per 100,000 live births. The
authors attribute this decline primarily to the introduction of
antiseptic techniques during delivery and the attendance of trained
midwives at home deliveries.
Author's address: Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umea University Hospital, S-901 85 Umea,
Sweden.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, Md.
53:20207 Hughes,
Kenneth. Trends in mortality from hypertensive and
cerebrovascular diseases in Singapore, 1959 to 1983. International
Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 16, No. 1, Mar 1987. 18-24 pp. Oxford,
England. In Eng.
"Secular trends in mortality from hypertensive and
cerebrovascular diseases have been studied in Singapore from vital
statistics for the years from 1959 to 1983. Males were found to have
higher mortality than females from hypertensive disease (by about 25%)
and cerebrovascular disease (by about 20%). After an initial slight
rise mortality from hypertensive disease fell markedly from the
mid-1960s (slightly more in males than females) but the rate of decline
has levelled off in the last few years. A more modest decline in
cerebrovascular disease mortality started in the early 1970s in males
and the mid-1970s in females, with the decline to date being slightly
more in males."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:20208 Kasagi,
Fumiyoshi; Horibe, Hiroshi; Aoki, Nobuo. Projection of
death rates from ischemic heart disease in Japan, 1985-2000.
Japanese Heart Journal, Vol. 27, No. 5, Sep 1986. 671-7 pp. Tokyo,
Japan. In Eng.
"Death rates from all forms of ischemic heart
disease and acute myocardial infarction were projected between 1985 and
2000 A.D., based on vital statistics from 1973 to 1982 and the
estimated population by sex and age groups in Japan." The projections
indicate a moderate increase in mortality from these
causes.
Author's address: Department of Epidemiology, National
Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita 565,
Japan.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, Md.
53:20209 La Vecchia,
C.; Bollini, P.; Imazio, C.; Decarli, A. Age, period of
death and birth cohort effects on suicide mortality in Italy,
1955-1979. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Vol. 74, No. 2, Aug
1986. 137-43 pp. Copenhagen, Denmark. In Eng.
"Trends in death
rates from all suicides and specific methods of suicide in Italy over
the period 1955-79 were analysed on the basis of age-specific and
age-standardised rates, and through a log-linear Poisson model to
isolate the effects of age, birth cohort and calendar period. In both
sexes, a large decrease in mortality from suicide was evident in the
late 1950's and early 1960's. Thereafter, death certification rates
showed fluctuating trends up to the mid 1970's, when steady increases
became evident for both sexes." The impact of economic conditions on
suicide mortality is noted.
Author's address: Istituto di Ricerche
Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Universita di Milano, Milan,
Italy.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, Md.
53:20210 Lavoie,
Michael R.; Dever, G. E. Alan. Reproductive mortality in
Georgia: a lifestyle and environmental analysis. Social
Indicators Research, Vol. 19, No. 2, May 1987. 191-204 pp. Dordrecht,
Netherlands. In Eng.
Some problems concerning the measurement of
trends in maternal mortality in the United States are considered. The
authors note that "in Georgia, an analysis of death certificates of
females ages 10 to 49 indicates that deaths due to pregnancy related
conditions are not being discovered by traditional underlying
cause-of-death maternal mortality classification. Frequencies and
rates were calculated showing the difference between the traditional
International Classification of Disease codes for maternal deaths (ICD
630-676) and the reproductive mortality definition used in this paper
(which emphasizes the Health Field Concept classification of Lifestyle,
Environment, Biology and Health Care Delivery System)....The analysis
suggests that a revised definition of maternal mortality be employed to
take into consideration all risk factors related to reproductive
mortality."
Author's address: School of Medicine, Mercer
University, 1550 College Street, Macon, GA
31207.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
53:20211 Lindsay,
Joan P.; Howe, Geoffrey R. A system for monitoring cancer
mortality. [Systeme de surveillance de la mortalite causee par le
cancer.] Cahiers Quebecois de Demographie, Vol. 15, No. 1, Apr 1986.
111-22 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"This
paper reports the establishment of a system for monitoring cancer
mortality of individuals forming approximately a 10 percent sample of
the Canadian labour force. Computerized record linkage was used in
conjunction with the Canadian mortality data base maintained by
Statistics Canada to determine the mortality experience of the cohort
between 1965 and 1979. Selected results are presented, some of which
appear to indicate associations between the occupation and cause of
death, and others of which seem likely to indicate the influence of
lifestyle factors such as smoking and diet. Cancer mortality is also
presented by social class."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:20212 Lui,
Kung-Jong; Kendal, Alan P. Impact of influenza epidemics
on mortality in the United States from October 1972 to May 1985.
American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 77, No. 6, Jun 1987. 712-6 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Baseline levels of mortality in the
United States in the absence of influenza epidemics were estimated
using cyclical regression models applied to national vital statistics
from October 1972 to May 1985. Models were developed by age and by
region. Results from 1983 to 1985 are preliminary. More mortality
than predicted by the theoretical baseline occurred during nine
influenza seasons. Epidemics with high morbidity in children and young
adults occurred in 1976/77 and 1978/79. Regional differences in the
impact of influenza occurred occasionally. Total influenza-associated
excess mortality in six epidemics from the winters of 1972/73 to
1980/81 was about 200,000. About 80-90 per cent of excess mortality
occurred in persons over 64 years old."
Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
53:20213 Mackenbach,
Johan P.; van Duyne, Willem M. J.; Kelson, Marcia C.
Certification and coding of two underlying causes of death in the
Netherlands and other countries of the European Community. Journal
of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 41, No. 2, Jun 1987. 156-60
pp. London, England. In Eng.
"Differences in certification and
coding of causes of death between countries of the European Community
were studied by sending sets of case histories to samples of certifying
physicians. Completed certificates were coded by national coding
offices and by a WHO reference centre." The results of an analysis of
the findings for the Netherlands reveal a substantial frequency of
errors in certification, as opposed to errors in diagnosis. "It is
concluded that certification and coding practices should be studied
together and that further international standardisation of coding
practices will not necessarily improve the validity of national cause
of death statistics."
Author's address: Department of Public Health
and Social Medicine, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000
DR Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
53:20214 Mariotti,
S.; Capocaccia, R.; Farchi, G.; Menotti, A.; Verdecchia, A.; Keys,
A. Age, period, cohort and geographical area effects on
the relationship between risk factors and coronary heart disease
mortality. 15-year follow-up of the European cohorts of the Seven
Countries Study. Journal of Chronic Diseases, Vol. 39, No. 3,
1986. 229-42 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The effects of three
major risk factors (i.e. serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and
smoking habits) on prediction of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality
in relation to three nuisance variables--i.e. geographical location,
age of subject at examination and period of examination--are analyzed
using [European] data from three different 5-year apart examinations of
the Seven Countries Study and observations on CHD mortality in the
corresponding 15-year follow-up period." The geographic focus is on
Europe. The results indicate a marked decrease in the association
between cholesterol level and CHD mortality with increasing age of the
subject.
Author's address: Laboratory of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome,
Italy.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, Md.
53:20215 Martin,
Jeanne; Suarez, Lucina. Cancer mortality among Mexican
Americans and other whites in Texas, 1969-80. American Journal of
Public Health, Vol. 77, No. 7, Jul 1987. 851-3 pp. Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
"Cancer mortality in Texas 1969-80 was 25 per cent lower among
Mexican American males compared to other Whites; among females, rates
were only 4 per cent lower. Reduced mortality was primarily a result
of lower rates for cancers of the most common sites: lung, colon,
breast and prostate. However, for cancers of the stomach, liver, and
gallbladder, Mexican Americans had higher rates than other Whites.
Female Mexican Americans were also at a higher mortality risk for
cervical cancer. Implications are discussed."
Author's address:
Bureau of Epidemiology, Texas Department of Health, 1100 W. 49th
Street, Austin, TX 78756.
Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
53:20216 Mattson,
Margaret E.; Pollack, Earl S.; Cullen, Joseph W. What are
the odds that smoking will kill you? American Journal of Public
Health, Vol. 77, No. 4, Apr 1987. 425-31 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"We calculated the long-term risks of death from smoking for
individuals of various ages and smoking status in terms of the excess
mortality contributed by smoking, over and above the baseline mortality
from the same diseases caused by factors other than smoking using
standard life table procedures." Data are from unpublished official
U.S. sources. The results indicate that "as many as one-third of heavy
smokers age 35 will die before age 85 of diseases caused by their
smoking." The implications for public education concerning the risks
of smoking are considered
Author's address: Division of Cancer
Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute, Building 31, Room
4A46, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
53:20217 Namboodiri,
K. K. Cancer mortality rates and trends for whites and
non-whites in Ohio: 1956-1983. Ohio State Medical Journal, Vol.
82, No. 11, Nov 1986. 748-57 pp. Columbus, Ohio. In Eng.
Trends in
cancer mortality in Ohio for the period 1956-1983 are analyzed using
data from official sources, including death certificates.
Consideration is given to mortality differentials by race, sex, cancer
site, and geographic subunit. The results indicate that the overall
cancer rate in Ohio is higher than the national
average.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, Md.
53:20218 Noguchi,
Kunikazu; Shimizu, Masami; Anzai, Ikuro. Correlation
between natural radiation exposure and cancer mortality in Japan
(I). Journal of Radiation Research, Vol. 27, No. 2, Jun 1986.
191-212 pp. Chiba, Japan. In Eng.
"Correlation between natural
background radiation exposure rates and cancer mortality rates in 46
Japanese prefectures was statistically studied over the period of
1950-1978."
Author's address: Radioisotope Research Laboratory,
School of Dentistry, Nihon University, 1-8-13, Surugadai, Kanda,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan.
Location: U.S. National
Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md.
53:20219 Omura,
Toshitaka; Hisamatsu, Shun'ichi; Takizawa, Yukio; Minowa, Masumi;
Yanagawa, Hiroshi; Shigematsu, Itsuzo. Geographical
distribution of cerebrovascular disease mortality and food intakes in
Japan. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 24, No. 5, 1987. 401-7
pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
The relationship
between cerebrovascular disease mortality and food intake in Japan is
analyzed. "For this purpose, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) from
cerebrovascular disease were calculated for 3,341 basic administrative
units (wards, cities, towns and villages) between 1969 and 1978 in
Japan. The major nutrient intakes and 30 selected food items were
obtained from the 1974-1976 Ministry of Health and Welfare, National
Nutrition Surveys in 1,040 randomly sampled census tracts in 600 areas
(18% of the nation)." The results indicate that mortality is lower in
western Japan and in more urbanized areas. It is also shown that
although the change from the traditional Japanese diet to a
Western-type diet has reduced cerebrovascular mortality, it has led to
an increase in heart disease mortality.
Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
53:20220 Polyakov,
I. V.; Petrova, N. G. Cancer mortality among the
population of a large city. [O smertnosti ot zlokachestvennykh
novoobrazovanii naseleniya krupnogo goroda.] Voprosy Onkologii, Vol.
32, No. 8, 1986. 24-30 pp. Leningrad, USSR. In Rus.
Cancer
mortality is analyzed by age and sex for the population of a large city
in the USSR for the period 1979-1982. Consideration is given to the
organization and quality of the health care
available.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, Md.
53:20221 Rezvani,
A.; Doyon, F.; Flamant, R. Atlas of cancer mortality in
France (1971-1978). [Atlas de la mortalite par cancer en France
(1971-1978).] Collection Statistiques de Sante, ISBN 2-85598-288-X.
[1986]. 117 pp. Editions INSERM: Paris, France. In Fre.
Official
statistical data on cancer mortality for France for the period
1971-1978 are presented in the form of 32 maps in color. Data are
included on the number of deaths and death rates from cancer by
department and sex. Information is also provided on cancer mortality
by age.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:20222 Rosenberg,
Michael J.; Rosenthal, Steven M. Reproductive mortality in
the United States: recent trends and methodologic considerations.
American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 77, No. 7, Jul 1987. 833-6 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Between 1975 and 1982, the annual number
of deaths attributable to pregnancy and childbirth, induced abortion,
and contraception in the United States declined from 1,083 to 751. The
mortality rates for each of these components decreased by 35, 89, and
35 per cent, respectively, and the overall reproductive mortality rate
dropped by 35 per cent. The death rate due to pregnancy and childbirth
is 25 times greater than that due to induced abortion and eight times
more than that to contraceptive-associated mortality....The decrease in
contraceptive-associated mortality between 1975 and 1982 probably
reflects a combination of safer contraceptives, fewer women using
contraceptive methods that may not be safest for them, and an
increasing number of sterilizations, which remove women from the group
at highest risk of contraceptive-related mortality. Maternal mortality
appears to be slowing its rate of decline, while induced abortion
mortality has been very low since the legalization of
abortion."
Author's address: American Social Health Association,
P.O. Box 13827, Research Triangle Park, NC
27709.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:20223 Sharpe,
Norman; Vedin, Anders; Wilhelmsen, Lars; Wilhelmsson, Claes.
Trends in coronary heart disease mortality in New Zealand and
Sweden. Why the difference? New Zealand Medical Journal, Vol. 98,
No. 791, Nov 27, 1985. 1,002-5 pp. Dunedin, New Zealand. In Eng.
This is a comparative study of coronary heart disease mortality in
New Zealand and Sweden. The authors note that despite similar health
systems and medical and surgical disease management, mortality from
this cause declined in New Zealand during the 1970s and increased in
Sweden. They conclude that differences in diet and dietary change are
the main causes of this mortality differential.
Author's address:
Department of Medicine, University of Auckland School of Medicine,
Auckland, New Zealand.
Location: U.S. National Library of
Medicine, Bethesda, Md.
53:20224 Stehbens,
W. E. An appraisal of the epidemic rise of coronary heart
disease and its decline. Lancet, No. 8533, Mar 14, 1987. 606-11
pp. Boston, Massachusetts/London, England. In Eng.
The authenticity
of the concept of an epidemic rise in coronary heart disease since the
beginning of the twentieth century and a subsequent decline since the
late 1960s is questioned. The data concern a range of developed
countries, with emphasis on the United Kingdom and the United States.
The author suggests that increased longevity, changes in coding and
diagnostic practices, and familiarity with the clinical and
pathological features of the disease make this increase largely
spurious. "Diagnostic errors in certified causes of death in general,
and coronary heart disease in particular, indicate that vital
statistics are too unreliable for determining whether there has been an
increase and a subsequent decline in the incidence of coronary heart
disease."
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
53:20225 Vallin,
Jacques; Mesle, France. Causes of death in France from
1925 to 1978: reclassification according to the eighth revision of the
International Classification of Diseases. Part 1. Correspondence
between the seventh and eighth revisions. [Les causes de deces en
France de 1925 a 1978: reclassement selon la 8e revision de la
Classification internationale. 1. Correspondance entre les 7e et 8e
revisions.] INED Travaux et Documents Cahier, No. 115, Annexe IV, 1987.
404 pp. Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]: Paris,
France; Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
This is the fourth in a planned series of seven reference documents
to be prepared by the Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques (INED)
in conjunction with a forthcoming publication concerning causes of
death in France from 1925 to 1978. In Annexes IV and V, the authors
compare the seventh and eighth revisions of the International
Classification of Diseases and present a reclassification of deaths for
the period 1925-1978 according to the detailed classification specified
in the eighth revision, which was adopted in 1965. The focus in this
report is on the comparison between the seventh and eighth
revisions.
For Annexe V, also published by the same authors in 1987,
see elsewhere in this issue.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20226 Vallin,
Jacques; Mesle, France. Causes of death in France from
1925 to 1978: reclassification according to the eighth revision of the
International Classification of Diseases. Part 2. Results of the
reclassification. [Les causes de deces en France de 1925 a 1978:
reclassement selon la 8e revision de la Classification internationale.
2. Resultats du reclassement.] INED Travaux et Documents Cahier, No.
115, Annexe V, 1987. 607 pp. Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques
[INED]: Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, France.
In Fre.
This is the fifth in a planned series of seven reference
documents to be prepared by the Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques (INED) in conjunction with a forthcoming publication
concerning causes of death in France from 1925 to 1978. In Annexes IV
and V, the authors compare the seventh and eighth revisions of the
International Classification of Diseases and present a reclassification
of deaths for the period 1925-1978 according to the detailed
classification specified in the eighth revision, which was adopted in
1965. The focus in this report is on the presentation of the results
of the comparison.
For Annexe IV, also published by the same authors
in 1987, see elsewhere in this issue.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:20227 Verduzco
Solis, Crispina; Lopez Cervantes, Malaquias; Vandale Toney,
Susan. Main epidemiologic features of cancer mortality in
Mexico. [Principales caracteristicas epidemiologicas de la
mortalidad por cancer en Mexico.] Salud Publica de Mexico, Vol. 28, No.
5, Sep-Oct 1986. 543-50 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in
Eng.
Trends in cancer mortality in Mexico over the period 1950-1980
are analyzed. Consideration is given to mortality differentials by
age, sex, and region.
Author's address: Departamento de
Epidemiologia, Escuela de Salud Publica, Mexico City SSA,
Mexico.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, Md.
53:20228 Wigle,
Donald T.; Mao, Yang; Semenciw, Robert; Morrison, Howard I.
Cancer patterns in Canada. Canadian Medical Association
Journal/Journal de l'Association Medicale Canadienne, Vol. 134, No. 3,
1986. 231-5 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
An
analysis of recent cancer patterns in Canada is presented. The authors
note that cancer is diagnosed in about 70,000 Canadians each year and
is the leading cause of the loss of potential years of life before age
75 among women. Consideration is given to comparisons in cancer
mortality among provinces and between Canada and other countries.
Changes in type of cancer mortality over time are also noted, and the
need to reduce tobacco consumption is stressed.
Author's address:
Non-communicable Disease Division, Bureau of Epidemiology, Laboratory
Centre for Disease Control, Health Protection Branch, Department of
National Health and Welfare, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2,
Canada.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, Md.
53:20229 Wrigley,
John M. A multiple-cause-of-death approach to cancer
mortality differentials at the older ages. Pub. Order No.
DA8616914. 1986. 111 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann
Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This project proposes to develop a
multiple-cause-of-death model of cancer mortality differentials at the
older ages (45 and over), and to test its efficacy in comparison with
the traditional model. The primary goal is to show that a
multiple-cause-of-death model reveals different results of mortality
differential by age, race, and sex than those observed under a single
underlying-cause-of-death model." It is found that "a
multiple-cause-of-death approach to cancer mortality differentials at
the older ages is an alternative to the underlying-cause-of-death
approach."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at
Florida State University.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts
International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 47(5).
