53:10066 Bina,
Jan. Selected aspects of the geography of the population
of the Czech Socialist Republic. [Vybrane aspekty geografie
obyvatelstva a sidel CSR.] Studia Geographica, No. 77, LC 85-176823.
1984. 88 pp. Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved, Geograficky Ustav Brno: Brno,
Czechoslovakia. In Cze. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
This study examines
the population geography of the Czech part of Czechoslovakia. The
emphasis is on the current pattern of settlement and how it is affected
by migration. The study concludes that the level of population
development reached involves a low level of reproduction, with
relatively little change in spatial distribution and a declining rate
of internal migration. Other trends noted include the development of
small towns and settlements near major urban areas, the development of
more complex patterns of settlement, the growth of migration over short
distances, and the development of regional labor
markets.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:10067 George,
Pierre. Population geography in the center of human
geography. [La geografia de la poblacion en el centro de la
geografia humana.] Estudios Geograficos, Vol. 46, No. 178-179, Feb-May
1985. 61-9 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
The
relationship between space and population in human societies is
reviewed. A distinction in spatial distribution is noted between
societies where location is directly related to producing the means of
life and those where it is only one factor affecting residence,
activities, and utilities. The different patterns of migration in
dispersed and concentrated societies are noted.
Location:
U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
53:10068 Kelly, J.
I.; Neville, R. J. W. A population cartogram of New
Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geography, No. 79, Oct 1985. 7-11
pp. Christchurch, New Zealand. In Eng.
The authors use 1981 census
data to create a cartogram showing the counties of New Zealand in
proportion to their population.
Location: U.S. Library of
Congress, Washington, D.C.
53:10069 Bairoch,
Paul; Goertz, Gary. Factors of urbanisation in the
nineteenth century developed countries: a descriptive and econometric
analysis. Urban Studies, Vol. 23, No. 4, Aug 1986. 285-305 pp.
Harlow, England. In Eng.
This study is concerned with the factors
affecting urbanization in the developed countries of Europe, Oceania,
and North America. First, the authors describe urbanization from the
beginning of the Industrial Revolution to the early twentieth century.
The second part contains a comparative economic analysis, which
indicates that "economic growth pushed urbanisation, with
industrialisation being the most important factor for Europe and
agricultural productivity being quite important for the European
settled countries. Other important factors are found to be, trade,
total population, topography, and form of
industrialisation."
Location: Princeton University Library
(UES).
53:10070 Bala,
Raj. Trends in urbanisation in India, 1901-1981. ISBN
81-7033-012-2. 1986. xxvi, 231 pp. Rawat Publication: Jaipur, India. In
Eng.
An analysis of urbanization in India during the course of the
twentieth century is presented. The evolution of urbanization over
time is described using data from Indian censuses. Regional variations
and their causes are considered for each decade. The relationship
between the size and growth rate of towns is analyzed from a spatial
perspective. The author also compares urbanization trends before and
after independence in 1947. Some comparisons with other developing
countries are also attempted.
Location: New York Public
Library.
53:10071 Barta,
Barnabas. Urbanization and its demographic attractions
(some characteristics of population processes by settlement
types). [A varosiasodas es demografiai vonzatai (a nepesedesi
folyamatok nehany telepulestipusonkenti jellegzetessege).] Demografia,
Vol. 29, No. 1, 1986. 11-28 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in
Eng; Rus.
The author traces developments in the size and proportion
of the urban population in Hungary since 1949. Attention is given to
regional differences in nuptiality, fertility, mortality, and age
distribution, with comparisons made between trends in Budapest and in
the rural population. Factors contributing to these differentials are
noted.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:10072 Bradshaw,
York W. Overurbanization and underdevelopment in
sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-national study. Studies in
Comparative International Development, Vol. 20, No. 3, Fall 1985.
74-101 pp. New Brunswick, New Jersey. In Eng.
"This paper discusses
both the urban bias and world-system theories of overurbanization and
presents a cross-national analysis of 32 African nations to test these
perspectives. The analysis is divided into three parts. First, the
effects of urban bias (i.e., the disparity in welfare between rural and
urban areas) and economic dependence on overurbanization are examined.
Next, the association between overurbanization and (1) the structure of
the labor force and (2) economic growth is tested. Finally, the
relationship between the structure of the labor force and economic
growth is evaluated."
The results indicate that "the rural-urban
disparity and foreign investment facilitate overurbanization, and that
an increase in level of overurbanization has a deleterious impact on
both the structure of the labor force and economic growth. Furthermore,
there is strong evidence indicating that an increase in service-sector
employment has a negative effect on economic
growth."
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
53:10073 Brueckner,
Jan K. A switching regression analysis of urban population
densities. Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 19, No. 2, Mar 1986.
174-89 pp. Orlando, Florida. In Eng.
An application of the
switching regression technique in the field of urban economics is
presented. The technique is applied to the study of urban population
density functions, which recent research has suggested are inherently
discontinuous. The method of switching regression developed by Quandt
is used to estimate density functions for selected U.S. urban areas.
The results show that population density contours are highly irregular,
and also that the model selection approach can be used to select the
number of regimes in a switching model when this number is
unknown.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
53:10074 Chen,
Chi-Yi; Bidegain, Gabriel; Pellegrino, Adela; Lopez, Diego; de Suarez,
Zoraida G.; Espana, Luis P.; Cacique, Irene. Demographic
aspects of the urbanization process: past, present, and future.
[Aspectos demograficos del proceso de urbanizacion: pasado, presente y
futuro.] Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas y Sociales Documento
de Trabajo, No. 25, Jul 1986. 109 pp. Universidad Catolica Andres
Bello, Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas y Sociales: Caracas,
Venezuela. In Spa.
The process of urbanization in Venezuela is
analyzed. The past history of urbanization in the country is first
reviewed, and the extent of urbanization by 1981 is assessed. Current
urbanization trends are then analyzed, with emphasis on the components
of growth such as migration. Next, the authors describe the
methodology and hypotheses they use to project future urbanization
trends. Finally, they project the populations of cities of over 20,000
inhabitants up to the year 2011.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:10075 Clark, W.
A. V. Residential segregation in American cities: a
review and interpretation. Population Research and Policy Review,
Vol. 5, No. 2, 1986. 95-127 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
This study is concerned with the extent and causes of racial
residential segregation in the United States. The author examines "the
present pattern and recent temporal changes in racial residential
segregation, and then [focuses] on the state of our present knowledge
about the causes of racial concentration in cities. The paper will
draw on the published literature, research analyses presented as part
of court proceedings, and survey evidence gathered nationally and for
specific cities."
The results suggest that 30 to 70 percent of
racial segregation is attributable to economic factors. However, such
economic factors do not act alone but in association with other
factors. "Survey evidence from both national and local studies shows
that black households prefer neighborhoods that are half black and half
white, while whites prefer neighborhoods ranging from 0 to 30 percent
black." Considerable attention is also given to the role of
discrimination.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:10076 Dasgupta,
Biplab. Urbanisation and rural change in West Bengal.
Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 22, No. 7 and 8, Feb 14 and 21,
1987. 276-87; 337-44 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
The distinctive
characteristics of urbanization in the Indian state of West Bengal are
outlined and compared with those of other Indian states. The author
suggests that the region's urbanization patterns, involving the
predominance of the primary city, are due to differing land tenure
systems, colonial economic policies, and economic development trends
since independence. "Section I of the paper deals with definitional
and conceptual problems relating to various types of urban areas, and
presents a historical account of the evolution of the present pattern
of urbanisation. In Section II the present pattern of urbanisation is
analysed and some case studies are introduced. Section III deals with
the impact of urbanisation on rural areas, and in Section IV the impact
of urbanisation on urban areas has been considered. Section V puts
forward a particular strategy for urbanisation which emphasises
decentralised urban growth with a rural focus."
Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
53:10077 de
Barcellos, Tanya M. Urban segregation and mortality in
Porto Alegre. [Segregacao urbana e mortalidade em Porto Alegre.]
1986. 206 pp. Fundacao de Economia e Estatistica: Porto Alegre, Brazil.
In Por.
The first part of this study is concerned with the
allocation of land use in a city in a contemporary developing country,
using the example of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The bulk of the paper deals
with mortality associated with the allocation of land use in the urban
environment, particularly with mortality in the barrios, or squatter
settlements, of Porto Alegre
This study can be obtained from the
Fundacao de Economia e Estatistica, Rua Gen. Vitorino, 77, 2 andar, CEP
90.020, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Location:
New York Public Library.
53:10078 Dewar,
David; Todes, Alison; Watson, Vanessa. Urbanization
processes and policies in Africa: lessons from Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia
and Zimbabwe. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, Vol. 3, No.
1-2, Oct-Apr 1983-1984. 79-107 pp. Pretoria, South Africa. In Eng.
The urbanization experiences of Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, and
Zimbabwe are examined, with emphasis on the effectiveness of policies
designed to influence urbanization. The first part of the study
describes the measures adopted; the second part attempts to evaluate
their effectiveness as well as their impact on poverty and
inequality.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:10079 Graaff, J.
F. de V. The present state of urbanisation in the South
African homelands and some future scenarios. Department of
Sociology Occasional Paper, No. 11, ISBN 0-908422-81-4. Sep 1986.
[viii], 36, [158] pp. University of Stellenbosch, Department of
Sociology, Research Unit for Sociology of Development: Stellenbosch,
South Africa. In Eng.
The author attempts to estimate the present
location and size of concentrations of population in the homelands of
South Africa that could be called urban, to calculate their rate of
growth over the past 15 years, to examine the factors affecting their
growth, to estimate their future rate of growth up to the year 2000,
and to evaluate the impact of lifting migration controls. The report
is in two main parts. Part I describes the methodology used and
provides a summary of the main results. Part II consists of nine
sections dealing with the individual homelands, in which the size and
growth rates of towns and peri-urban and semi-urban areas are
discussed. Projections are made to the year 2000, and the implications
of the abolition of Influx Control are assessed.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:10080 Henderson,
J. Vernon. Urbanization in a developing country: city
size and population composition. Journal of Development Economics,
Vol. 22, No. 2, Jul-Aug 1986. 269-93 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In
Eng.
Reasons for the high correlation between city size and
educational attainment in developing countries are explored. "Two
explanations are examined. First, the types of goods produced in larger
cities require relatively high skill labor inputs. Second, public and
perhaps private services demanded by higher skill people are only
offered in larger cities. The paper econometrically tests these
hypotheses for Brazil, estimating the elasticities of substitution (or
typically complementarity) between high and low skill labor and the
'bright lights' effect for high versus low skill
labor."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
53:10081 Hohenberg,
Paul M.; Lees, Lynn H. The making of urban Europe,
1000-1950. ISBN 0-674-54360-2. LC 84-25333. 1985. xiv, 398 pp.
Harvard University Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts/London, England. In
Eng.
Urbanization in Europe from the year 1000 to 1950 is reviewed.
The work is primarily a study in economic and social history, but
considerable emphasis is given to the demographic and geographic
aspects of Europe's urban development over time. The approach is
chronological, with parts devoted to the preindustrial age, the
proto-industrial age from the fourteenth to eighteenth centuries, and
the industrial age.
Location: Princeton University Library
(UES).
53:10082 Kiradzhiev,
Svetlin. Demo-geographic development and characteristics
of average-sized towns in Bulgaria. [Demogeografsko razvitie i
osobenosti na srednite gradove v Balgariya.] Naselenie, Vol. 4, No. 2,
1986. 53-63 pp. Sofia, Bulgaria. In Bul. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The
characteristics of medium-sized towns (those with between 25,000 and
100,000 people) in Bulgaria are analyzed. Thirty such towns are
identified. The importance of these towns in the country's economy is
noted. The chief factors encouraging their continued growth are their
industrial development and their role as administrative centers. The
need for sustained in-migration in order to maintain growth is also
noted.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:10083 Lamlenn,
Bongsuiru. Urban population trends: policies and the
problem of measurement in developing African countries--the case of
Cameroon. Revue Science et Technique: Serie Sciences
Humaines/Science and Technology Review: Social Sciences Series, Vol.
3, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1985. 83-92 pp. Yaounde, Cameroon. In Eng. with
sum. in Fre.
The author examines difficulties in analyzing
demographic trends in urban populations due to problems of data
reliability, the absence of any consensus concerning concepts and
terminology, and questions of methodology. Statistics for Cameroon are
used to illustrate the points.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
53:10084 Ledent,
Jacques. The urbanization process: Williams's paradigm of
population redistribution revisited. Urban Geography, Vol. 6, No.
1, Jan-Mar 1985. 69-87 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
The
author comments on an article by Lynden S. Williams, in which Williams
attempted to develop a paradigm of population redistribution that
pertains to the process of urbanization. He presents a clarification
of the original paradigm and proposes an extension to it, which is
illustrated using data from India. A reply by Williams (pp. 83-7) is
included.
For the study by Williams, published in 1983, see
50:20070.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
53:10085 Negrete
Salas, Maria E.; Salazar Sanchez, Hector. Metropolitan
areas in Mexico, 1980. [Zonas metropolitanas en Mexico, 1980.]
Estudios Demograficos y Urbanos, Vol. 1, No. 1, Jan-Apr 1986. 97-124,
156 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
Urban trends
in Mexico from 1960 to 1980 are analyzed using multivariate analysis
techniques. The authors note that the total number of metropolitan
regions has increased from 12 to 26 during this period. Differences
between the stage in urbanization reached by the Mexico City region and
other urban centers in the country are noted. In Mexico City, the
authors observe a decline in the population of the central city region
coupled with rapid growth in the surrounding
municipalities.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
53:10086 Nietyksza,
Maria. Demographic aspects of urbanization in the Kingdom
of Poland (1870-1914). [Demograficzne aspekty urbanizacji
Krolestwo Polskie (1870-1914).] Przeszlosc Demograficzna Polski, Vol.
16, 1985. 51-73 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng.
Urbanization trends in the Kingdom of Poland between 1870 and 1914
are reviewed. Problems concerning the official data on urbanization
compiled by the Russian authorities are discussed. The author
concludes that 37 percent of the population lived in urban areas by the
year 1913.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:10087 Paul, Bimal
K. Urban concentration in Asian countries: a temporal
study. Area, Vol. 18, No. 4, Dec 1986. 299-306 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
"Using a typology of change derived from the
results of a bivariate linear regression model, this paper examines the
relative change in urban concentration of 28 selected Asian countries
for two time periods (1960 and 1980)."
Author's address: Department
of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH
44242.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
53:10088
Rodriguez-Bachiller, Agustin. Discontiguous urban
growth and the new urban economics: a review. Urban Studies, Vol.
23, No. 2, Apr 1986. 79-104 pp. Harlow, England. In Eng.
The author
presents a review of the literature concerning the study of
discontiguous urban growth using the formalized economic approach to
urban location theory. The emphasis is on the U.S.
literature.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
53:10089 Rowland,
Richard H. Changes in the metropolitan and large city
populations of the USSR: 1979-85. Soviet Geography, Vol. 27, No.
9, Nov 1986. 638-58 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"This
paper investigates the post-census growth of metropolitan areas and
large cities in the USSR from 1979 to 1985. The Soviet population
continues to be increasingly concentrated in large metropolitan areas
and large cities, and although suburbanization occurs within
metropolitan areas, a striking feature is that all central cities
continue to grow and typically contain the vast majority of the
metropolitan population. This reflects the fact that individual large
cities continue to loom large, despite policies to limit their growth.
Although the growth rates of large cities have slowed, so have those of
smaller towns, and a merging of growth rates by size class is
occurring."
Author's address: California State University, San
Bernardino, CA.
Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
53:10090 Tierney,
Joseph P. A comparative examination of the residential
segregation of persons 65 to 74 and persons 75 and above in 18 United
States metropolitan areas for 1970 and 1980. Journal of
Gerontology, Vol. 42, No. 1, Jan 1987. 101-6 pp. Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
"Indexes of dissimilarity were calculated for 18 [U.S.]
standard metropolitan statistical areas in 1970 and 1980. The indexes
measured the level of residential segregation of persons 65 and older,
65 to 74 and 75 and older. Results indicated a significantly higher
level of segregation for persons 75 and older than persons 65 to 74 in
both 1970 and 1980. The difference in the level of residential
segregation between persons 65 to 74 and 75 and older significantly
increased from 1970 to 1980. When measured as a single age group aged
65 and above, there was no significant change in the level of
residential segregation from 1970 to 1980."
The analysis "indicates
that failure to disaggregate the elderly population into two distinct
age groups would have resulted in missing changes in the level and
trend of residential segregation among the elderly
population."
Location: Princeton University Library (SW).
53:10091 Yanitsky,
Oleg. Urbanization in the USSR: theory, tendencies and
policy. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol.
10, No. 2, Jun 1986. 265-87 pp. London, England. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Ger; Spa.
Recent trends in urbanization and urban policies in
the USSR are analyzed. The author also describes how Soviet urban
research has adapted to these trends. An extensive bibliography of
Russian language studies is included.
Location: Princeton
University Library (UES).
53:10092 Yip, Yat
Hoong; Low, Kwai Sim. Urbanization and ecodevelopment,
with special reference to Kuala Lumpur. LC 85-942807. 1984. xiii,
357 pp. University of Malaya, Institute of Advanced Studies: Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia. In Eng.
These are the proceedings of a seminar on
the ecological aspects of urbanization held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
November 21-23, 1983. The authors use a variety of approaches from
different disciplines to examine various aspects of urbanization in
Kuala Lumpur and their impact on the environment. The primary
objective of the seminar was to draw up an agenda for research into
such problems.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress,
Washington, D.C.
53:10093 Ridler,
Neil B. Some economic implications of population
dispersion in Canada. Population Geography, Vol. 4, No. 1-2,
Jun-Dec 1982. 26-32 pp. Chandigarh, India. In Eng.
The author
examines some economic implications arising from the dispersion of
population into rural areas of Canada, New Brunswick in particular. He
"argues that social costs are considerable, and advocates increased
emphasis on user-pay pricing. The intention is not to prohibit rural
non-farm residence, but merely to charge rural dwellers a portion of
the social costs they impose." New Brunswick and countrywide figures
for urban and rural populations for 1971 and 1976 illustrate the
dispersion.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
53:10094 Wiatrak,
Andrzej P. Trends in the number and structure of
population and employment on peasant farms. [Uwarunkowania zmian
liczebnosci i struktury osob oraz zatrudnienia w gospodarstwach
chlopskich.] Studia Demograficzne, No. 2/84, 1986. 29-57 pp. Warsaw,
Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The dynamics of the peasant
population of Poland are analyzed. Consideration is given to the
characteristics of the farm population, employment patterns, age
structure, and educational status. The results indicate that the size
and type of farm significantly affect the number and structure of the
peasant families concerned. They also suggest that the rate of
employment on farms is too high and that the farm work force is of low
educational status.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
