H. Migration

H.1. General Migration

52:40527 Abayasekara, A. W. A. D. G. Migration and modernization: a case study of Sri Lanka. Pub. Order No. DA8417253. 1984. 279 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"The present study examines the relationship between migration and modernization in Sri Lanka, specifically the relationship between in-migration ratios and level of modernization of the districts and the relationship between migration differentials and individual modernity. The relationship between in-migration ratios and the levels of district modernization was estimated by multiple regression technique while migration differentials were examined through migration ratios, index of dissimilarity and logistic regression."
The author notes "the presence of a close relationship between annual in-migration ratios and levels of modernization achieved by the districts. The study confirmed the use of place to place models in estimating spatial models of migration....Two patterns of migration emerged, one based on high income and levels of education at the origin, and the other the presence of friends and relatives at the destination."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the University of Pennsylvania.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 45(5).

52:40528 Al-Sharif, Abdul-Rahman S. Population migration to south-west of Saudi Arabia: its motives and impacts. Population Bulletin of ESCWA, No. 28, Jun 1986. 125-42 pp. Baghdad, Iraq. In Eng.
The author examines recent migration to the southwestern area of Saudi Arabia, both from other regions of the country and from outside the country. The growth of towns and cities, the reduction of the rural and bedouin population, and the decline in food production are noted. The need for regional planning for rural development is stressed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40529 Arroyo Alejandre, J. Jesus. Multivariate analysis of emigration of rural labor in west-central Mexico. Pub. Order No. DA8607213. 1986. 287 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
The author uses a simultaneous-equation econometric model to examine the impact of socioeconomic conditions in agriculture on the emigration of rural labor in the west-central region of Mexico. The analysis of census data for 1950-1960, 1960-1970, and 1970-1980 shows "that the relative importance of factors affecting rural emigration changes as a result of the development process."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at Cornell University.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 47(2).

52:40530 Benecke, D. W.; Kohut, K.; Mertins, G.; Schneider, J.; Schrader, A. Demographic development, migration, and urbanization in Latin America. [Desarrollo demografico, migraciones y urbanizacion en America Latina.] Schriftenreihe der Katholischen Universitat Eichstatt, Vol. 17, ISBN 3-7917-1015-X. 1986. 432 pp. Verlag Friedrich Pustet: Regensburg, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Spa; Por.
These are the proceedings of a symposium on the relationships among population growth, migration, and urbanization in Latin America held October 25-27, 1984, at Schloss Eicholz, the Federal Republic of Germany. The papers, which are in Spanish or Portuguese, are divided into four sections. The first deals with population growth and includes papers on population pressures on rural areas, the position of the Catholic church in Brazil, development policies, and the labor force in Peru. The second deals with internal migration in Bolivia, Brazil, and Mexico; and with the effects of international migration on Mexico, Paraguay, Argentina, and Puerto Rico.
The third section examines the relative advantages of metropolitan growth and decentralization in the region. A final section is concerned with problems of urbanization in Latin America as a whole and in the cities of Buenos Aires, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, Caracas, and Bogota.
Location: New York Public Library.

52:40531 Chapman, Murray; Prothero, R. Mansell. Circulation in population movement: substance and concepts from the Melanesian case. ISBN 0-7102-0451-5. LC 84-23801. 1985. xxiii, 483 pp. Routledge and Kegan Paul: Boston, Massachusetts/London, England. In Eng.
This is a collection of studies by various authors concerning migration in Melanesia. It is a product of the Seminar on the Cross-Cultural Study of Circulation held at the East-West Center in Hawaii in 1978. The 20 papers are divided into five substantive sections. The first deals with traditional patterns of migration before the development of regular contacts with outsiders. The second describes the transformations in circulation associated with the period of Western contact. The next section examines relationships among economic, educational, and circulatory factors. A section on rural-urban migration and urbanization is also included.
A final section deals with Melanesian circulation in a broader context. Data for the studies come from a variety of sources, with the emphasis on fieldwork. The emphasis throughout is on both permanent and temporary migration.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

52:40532 Dahmann, Donald C. Geographical mobility: March 1983 to March 1984. Current Population Reports, Series P-20: Population Characteristics, No. 407, Sep 1986. 150 pp. U.S. Bureau of the Census: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This report provides information on the geographical mobility of Americans between March 1983 and March 1984. The text highlights some of the changes that occurred, with particular reference to the volume and rate of movement, changes in the types of movement, the characteristics of movers, and changes in the patterns of population redistribution attributable to geographical mobility." Data are from the U.S. Current Population Survey.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40533 de Jong, Paul M. Prediction intervals for missing figures in migration tables. [1985?]. 101 pp. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen: Groningen, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Dut.
The author seeks to supplement existing work concerning the prediction of migration tables "by constructing prediction intervals for the missing figures separately....In the first part of this thesis, a general theory is developed to construct such prediction intervals for missing figures from aggregated data." This theory is based on probabilistic assumptions, the limitations and consequences of which are discussed.
"Although our theory contains options for greater generality, the idea is to assume that the underlying numbers are outcomes of independent Poisson variables with parameters satisfying some log-linear model....Much attention is paid to the statistical estimation of unknown parameters from aggregated data, the uncertainties involved, etcetera."
In Chapter 2, models are constructed which satisfy the assumption "that it is extremely convenient from a prediction point of view if the conditional distribution of the underlying table, given the available data, does not depend on unknown parameters." An alternative natural model approach is presented in the following chapter. The general prediction theory developed is then applied to data for Sweden and the Netherlands.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40534 Doeppers, D. F. Destination, selection and turnover among Chinese migrants to Philippine cities in the nineteenth century. Journal of Historical Geography, Vol. 12, No. 4, Oct 1986. 381-401 pp. New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
The author examines characteristics of Chinese immigrants in Philippine cities in the 1800s and their migration patterns using data from official annual tax registers. The migration flows are shown to be closely associated with region of origin in China and regional economy in the Philippines. The distribution of selected Chinese groups in Manila and in various provincial centers is analyzed, and attention is given to turnover rates within these immigrant groups. "Linkage analysis reveals that turnover was disproportionately concentrated among the least affluent and the most recently arrived. In other words, economic success and/or medium-term residence in the community tended to promote stability. Both findings fit with studies of Western urban societies."
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

52:40535 Doeve, Willem L. J.; Ramm, Alexander G. Adjusting migration data for incompleteness: notes on Doeve's method. Department of Econometrics and Social Statistics Discussion Paper, No. ES160, Mar 1985. ii, 45, 4 pp. University of Manchester, Department of Econometrics and Social Statistics: Manchester, England. In Eng.
"This paper presents an overview of a method to correct migration data from censuses, surveys and registration systems for underenumeration or incomplete registration. Then a stochastic model of movements is developed that allows the description of the basic regularities more formally. This model is also shown to shed a useful light on several other issues in measuring and analysing migration. A full account of all computational procedures involved is given in the final chapter, using selected data for Thailand. Throughout, the paper stresses the importance of duration of residence data."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40536 Espenshade, Thomas J. Economic impacts of immigration. In: American Statistical Association, 1985 proceedings of the Social Statistics Section. [1985]. 73-81 pp. American Statistical Association: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This paper examines the impact of legal and undocumented Mexican immigration on the U.S. labor market, focusing on the Los Angeles manufacturing sector. The author uses "a regression analysis to estimate the coefficients of a simple labor market model that tests whether concentrations of Hispanics in the labor market increase the unemployment rate of blacks." Changes in internal U.S. migration to and from California, including demographic and socioeconomic differentials, are also discussed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40537 Hunt, Gary L.; Greenwood, Michael J. Econometrically accounting for identities and restrictions in models of interregional migration: further thoughts. Regional Science and Urban Economics, Vol. 15, No. 4, Nov 1985. 605-14 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
The authors reply to some comments concerning "specification, estimation, and hypothesis testing in models of interregional migration which are internally consistent." They also attempt to clarify some additional conceptual matters in these three areas.
For a related study by Greenwood et al., published in 1984, see 50:30497.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

52:40538 Kanaroglou, P.; Liaw, K.-L.; Papageorgiou, Y. Y. An analysis of migratory systems: 2. Operational framework. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 18, No. 8, Aug 1986. 1,039-60 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This is the second in a series of three interrelated papers which aim to combine evolutionary migration models with stochastic utility theory. The first paper dealt with migratory dynamics. Here the details are given of a choice model, established by McFadden, which can be used in conjunction with migratory dynamics thus providing an explicit link between the macroproperties of the population system and human behaviour. First, the structure of transition probabilities is derived under a two-level decision to migrate. An argument is then given about the empirical form of these probabilities, and the discussion closes with a method which can be used for their maximum likelihood estimation."
For Part 1, also published in 1986, see 52:30520.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).

52:40539 Stark, Oded; Taylor, J. Edward; Yitzhaki, Shlomo. Migration, remittances and inequality: a sensitivity analysis using the extended Gini index. Migration and Development Program Discussion Paper, No. 23, Jun 1986. 19 pp. Harvard University, Center for Population Studies, Migration and Development Program: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This paper uses the extended Gini inequality index to examine the sensitivity of measurements of impacts of migrant remittances on the distribution of household income by size to different value judgements when measuring inequality. The results illustrate the robustness of earlier findings that the impacts of migration on village income distributions differ for different types of migration and for different periods in a village's migration history."
The authors note that "the magnitude of these impacts, however, appears to be quite sensitive to the weights attached to incomes at different points in the village income distribution when measuring inequality....This finding is consistent with the view that barriers to high-paying Mexico-to-U.S. migration work exist for households at the bottom of the village income distribution."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40540 Todaro, Michael P. International migration, domestic unemployment, and urbanization: a three-sector model. Center for Policy Studies Working Paper, No. 124, Jul 1986. 29 pp. Population Council, Center for Policy Studies: New York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper presents a combined internal-international migration model for developing countries. In the model, it is postulated that the decision to emigrate is some function of the expected income differential between the home and destination countries. This expected differential is composed of actual differentials adjusted for the probability of finding employment in the place of origin and the foreign destination."
The model is used to examine the contribution of labor emigration to the relief of unemployment in the place of origin. "It demonstrates that although labor emigration may contribute to the relief of overall domestic unemployment, this favorable effect may be offset by a costly rise in urban unemployment caused by increased rural-urban migration."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

H.2. International Migration

52:40541 Anderson, Patricia Y. Migration and development in Jamaica. Institute of Social and Economic Research Paper, No. 2, Jun 1985. 46, [4] pp. University of the West Indies, Institute of Social and Economic Research: Kingston, Jamaica. In Eng.
"This paper looks at outmigration from Jamaica during the 1970s and offers an assessment of the effects of this movement on the pattern and level of development in the country....The general argument of this paper...is that while outmigration from Jamaica may have served to retard achievement of the goals of self-directed development, it has largely served to maintain the model of dependent development, and that it is, in fact, on this political-economic basis that policy decisions are made."
The author presents a variation of the traditional cost-benefit approach to migration, rephrasing costs as factors that undermine the political-economic system and benefits as factors supporting it. "A typology is presented of the kinds of resource flows which occur from Caribbean countries under the dependent model, as well as the system-maintaining and system disruptive effects which result from these flows. This typology is discussed in relation to Jamaica's experience during the last decade, and a detailed assessment is offered of the manpower effects of outmigration from the country."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40542 Ashabranner, Brent. The new Americans: changing patterns in U.S. immigration. ISBN 0-396-08140-1. LC 82-45999. 1983. 212 pp. Dodd, Mead: New York, New York. In Eng.
The changing patterns of U.S. immigration are described, and their future importance is assessed. Consideration is given to legal immigrants, refugees, and illegal aliens. The book is designed for a general audience and is liberally illustrated. The bulk of the text is concerned with descriptions of the immigrant experience of individuals and groups from around the world.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40543 Bade, Klaus J. Emigrants--migrant workers--guestworkers: population, labor market, and migration in Germany since the middle of the nineteenth century. [Auswanderer--Wanderarbeiter--Gastarbeiter: Bevolkerung, Arbeitsmarkt und Wanderung in Deutschland seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts.] ISBN 3-922661-11-4. 1984. xiv, 822 pp. Scripta Mercaturae: Ostfildern, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger.
This two-volume work contains papers and discussions from an international symposium held at the Akademie fur Politische Bildung, Tutzing, Federal Republic of Germany, on October 18-21, 1982. The focus of the symposium was on the transformation of Germany over the past century from a land of emigration to one of immigration.
The papers are grouped into sections dealing with population, including trends from 1850 to 1980 and the demographic transition; the labor market; emigration, particularly the mass movement from Germany to the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; foreigners and national minorities up to 1945; the employment of foreigners in the Federal Republic of Germany; and international comparisons of cross-national migration. A final section contains discussions of some of the papers.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40544 Bedford, Richard. International migration in the South Pacific: a New Zealand perspective. New Zealand Population Review, Vol. 12, No. 1, Feb 1986. 32-48 pp. Wellington, New Zealand. In Eng.
The author examines migration to and from New Zealand since the late 1970s using data from the 1981 census and from unpublished official migration statistics for 1985. The chief focus is on people born in the South Pacific region. Distinctions are made between permanent and long-term migration on the one hand and short-term migration on the other.
A complex regional system of international migration in the South Pacific is identified. In concluding, the author emphasizes the need to investigate further "the magnitude of population exchanges between countries in the South Pacific, and the difficulties of isolating appropriate migrant universes when using data obtained from arrival and departure cards."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40545 Blomqvist, Ake G. International migration of educated manpower and social rates of return to education in LDCs. International Economic Review, Vol. 27, No. 1, Feb 1986. 165-74 pp. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In Eng.
The author examines the question of whether the emigration of educated manpower is beneficial or detrimental to countries of origin. A dynamic model of human and non-human capital accumulation in the presence of emigration opportunities is developed.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

52:40546 Blomqvist, Ake G. Unemployment of the educated and emigration of post-secondary graduates from the LDCs. Pakistan Development Review, Vol. 24, No. 3-4, Autumn-Winter 1985. 643-56 pp. Islamabad, Pakistan. In Eng.
The author examines the emigration of educated individuals from developing countries and reviews selected approaches to the study of international human capital flows. Attention is then given to two policy issues: the financing of postsecondary education and an international brain drain tax.
The following factors are identified as critical in their impact on educated worker migration: "(a) the rigidity or flexibility of the wage in the market for the services of educated labour; (b) the extent of government subsidy (explicit or implicit) of the cost of post-secondary education; (c) the extent of responsiveness of the investment in education to the private return on such investment or its being exogenously controlled by the government; and (d) the type of restrictions (if any) imposed by the receiving industrialized countries on the migration flows from the LDCs."
Comments by M. Ali Khan on a previous article by Blomqvist on the subject are also included (pp. 655-6).
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40547 Bouvier, Leon F.; Gardner, Robert W. Immigration to the U.S.: the unfinished story. Population Bulletin, Vol. 41, No. 4, Nov 1986. 51 pp. Population Reference Bureau: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors survey trends in U.S. immigration, considering immigration before 1965, immigration since 1965, impacts and issues, the 1986 immigration law reform, and the outlook for the years ahead. They observe that "annual totals of new immigrants and refugees in the U.S. may now be up to the record highs of over a million immigrants counted in six years between 1905 and 1914. Since 1979, legal immigrants have averaged 566,000 a year (570,009 in 1985), newly arrived refugees and asylees approved have averaged 135,000, and the 'settled' illegal immigrant population is growing by up to half a million a year, according to some estimates....The Census Bureau estimates that net immigration now accounts for 28 percent of U.S. population growth...."
It is also noted that "Asians and Latin Americans now make up over 80 percent of legal immigrants and Latin Americans comprised 77 percent of illegal immigrants counted in the 1980 census. Asians far outstrip Latin American immigrants in education, occupational status, and income and might be expected to assimilate in the same manner as earlier immigrant groups did. Hispanic immigrants so far appear to favor cultural pluralism, maintaining their own culture and the Spanish language." The economic impact of illegal immigrants is considered, and the strength of public sentiment favoring curbs on illegal immigration is emphasized.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40548 Brettell, Caroline B. Men who migrate, women who wait: population and history in a Portuguese parish. ISBN 0-691-09424-1. LC 86-11270. 1986. xv, 329 pp. Princeton University Press: Princeton, New Jersey. In Eng.
An analysis is presented of the parish of Lanheses, a northern Portuguese village particularly affected by large-scale peasant emigration, from 1700 to the present day. The author "combines demographic analysis and historical and ethnographic methods to explore its long history of predominantly male emigration, high illegitimacy rates, late marriage, moderated fertility, and frequency of female celibacy. Her discussion of Lanheses from 1700 to the present shows how these phenomena were interconnected and rooted in the local economy and inheritance system."
The data are primarily taken from parish records. Consideration is given to the imbalance in the marriage fortunes of men and women and to its effect on the role of women in the community.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40549 Casacchia, Oliviero. Revealing alien immigration: consideration of sources available in some countries of destination. [La rilevazione dell'immigrazione straniera: considerazioni sulle fonti disponibili in alcuni paesi di accoglimento.] Studi Emigrazione/Etudes Migrations, Vol. 23, No. 82-83, Jun-Sep 1986. 266-80 pp. Rome, Italy. In Ita.
The author reviews 35 recent studies concerned with methods used to measure the foreign population residing in a country. Countries of destination for which data are presented include France, the Netherlands, the Federal Republic of Germany, Switzerland, and the United States.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40550 Charbit, Yves; Bertrand, Catherine. Children, families, migrations in the Mediterranean basin. [Enfants, familles, migrations dans le bassin mediterraneen.] INED Travaux et Documents Cahier, No. 110, ISBN 2-7332-0110-7. 1985. viii, 195 pp. Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]: Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
This study is concerned with the impact of migration in the Mediterranean basin on the children involved. Two particular groups of children are singled out for study: those who remain behind in the country of origin in the care of grandparents or other members of the extended family, and those who return to the country of origin either permanently or for education or other temporary periods. The countries of origin examined include Algeria, Spain, Finland, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Turkey, and Yugoslavia. The study begins with a review of the available data and literature and of the institutional aspects of the problem.
Chapters are included on health and nutritional aspects, the education of migrants' children, and psycho-sociological problems. An annotated bibliography is included.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40551 Cobbe, James. Consequences for Lesotho of changing South African labour demand. African Affairs, Vol. 85, No. 338, Jan 1986. 23-48 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
Recent changes in the nature of the labor market interaction between South Africa and Lesotho are described, and their consequenes for Lesotho are assessed. The author concludes that given the country's high level of dependence on South Africa, while the continuation of the current situation would be bad, the possible alternatives in terms of likely changes in South African behavior are worse.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

52:40552 Collicelli, Carla; Di Cori, Simonetta. Foreign immigration to Italy in the context of international migratory problems. [L'immigrazione straniera in Italia nel contesto delle problematiche migratorie internazionali.] Studi Emigrazione/Etudes Migrations, Vol. 23, No. 82-83, Jun-Sep 1986. 429-36 pp. Rome, Italy. In Ita.
The authors discuss three aspects of the recent migration of Asians and Africans into Italy, namely, difficulties in determining the number of immigrants, problems with the integration of migrants into the Italian labor market, and the social and cultural impact on resident Italians.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40553 de Rosa, Luigi. Italian emigration to Brazil: an assessment. [L'emigrazione italiana in Brasile: un bilancio.] Rassegna Economica, Vol. 50, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1986. 11-30 pp. Naples, Italy. In Ita.
A review of Italian emigration to Brazil from 1820 to 1975 is presented. Consideration is given to changes over time, the spatial distribution of migrants, and to return migration to Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

52:40554 Espenshade, Thomas J. Why the United States needs immigrants. Impacts of Immigration in California Policy Discussion Paper, No. PDS-86-2, Aug 1986. 39 pp. Urban Institute: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author asserts that the United States needs immigration in order to counteract the demographic impact of current fertility rates, which are below replacement level. The need for immigration reforms that include policies and programs to accelerate the incorporation of immigrants and their descendants into American society is emphasized.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40555 Farmer, Ruth S. J. International migration and New Zealand labour markets. International Migration/Migrations Internationales/ Migraciones Internacionales, Vol. 24, No. 2, Jun 1986. 485-500 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This paper seeks to assess the value of the overseas-born members of the labour force in ensuring a flexible labour supply in New Zealand since the beginning of the 1970s. Three main issues are considered: first, the role of the labour market in New Zealand's immigration policy; second, international migration trends and the labour market; and third, the evidence on migration and labour market segmentation in New Zealand." Data used are from official external migration statistics, quinquennial censuses, and recent research.
The author notes that "in New Zealand immigration measures are currently being taken that emphasize that immigration continues to add to the flexibility of the labour market while uncontrolled emigration is a major cause of labour market instability."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40556 Goodis, Tracy A.; Espenshade, Thomas J. Immigration to southern California: fact and fiction. Impacts of Immigration in California Policy Discussion Paper, No. PDS-86-1, May 1986. 26 pp. Urban Institute: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper presents an analysis of recent immigration to Los Angeles County and compares public perceptions with recent Urban Institute findings on the impacts of immigration in southern California. The first part...summarizes the size, composition, and characteristics of recent immigrant flows into Los Angeles County. The second part reports on the results of a 1983 Urban Institute poll of public attitudes in southern California toward the impacts of undocumented immigration and the consequences of U.S. immigration reform, and the third part summarizes recent Urban Institute findings on the actual impacts of immigration in southern California."
This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1986 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 52, No. 3, Fall 1986, pp. 420-1).
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40557 Goodis, Tracy A.; Espenshade, Thomas J. Los Angeles rides the wave. American Demographics, Vol. 8, No. 9, Sep 1986. 44-9 pp. Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
The experiences of the metropolitan area of Los Angeles, California, in coping with the inflow of immigration, primarily from Mexico, since the mid-1970s are examined. The emphasis is on the attitudes of the California population toward immigration.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40558 Gustafsson, Bjorn. International migration and falling into the income 'safety net': social assistance among foreign citizens in Sweden. International Migration/Migrations Internationales/ Migraciones Internacionales, Vol. 24, No. 2, Jun 1986. 461-83 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
The author focuses on public assistance payments to international immigrants in Sweden. "One object of the article is to give a statistical overview of the subject; another is to discuss reasons why international migrants receive social assistance more frequently than others. The latter leads to the formulation of econometric models and the estimation for immigrants with different backgrounds."
It is found that "the number of immigrants receiving social assistance has increased since the mid-1960s. We also found that immigrants are considerably more frequent recipients of social assistance than others...."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40559 Heisler, Martin O.; Heisler, Barbara S. From foreign workers to settlers? Transnational migration and the emergence of new minorities. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 485, ISBN 0-8039-2540-9. LC 85-072101. May 1986. 213 pp. Beverly Hills, California. In Eng.
This special issue is concerned with the migration of guest workers into developed countries. The geographic focus is on the situation in Europe, with some consideration given to the United States. Problems related to the growing tendency of migrant workers and their families to settle permanently in their host countries are considered, including the rapid expansion of an ethnically distinct class heavily dependent on state welfare and the continuation of solid links between former migrants and their countries of origin.
The unique characteristics of labor migration to Western Europe are first described, its implications for migration theory are considered, and the implications for migrants and the countries concerned are assessed. The implications for policy, including social and welfare policy, are reviewed. A paper is included on the emergence of distinct immigrant communities. The policy implications for sending countries are examined using the example of Turkey, as well as the political implications of a growing Islamic community in Europe. Policy issues in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States are dealt with. Finally, the effect of these migrations on the sovereignty and independence of the states concerned is discussed.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

52:40560 Hifi, Belkacem. Algerian immigration in France. Origins and prospects for non-return. [L'immigration algerienne en France. Origines et perspectives de non-retour.] Recherches Universitaires et Migrations, ISBN 2-85802-477-1. 1985. 251 pp. Editions l'Harmattan: Paris, France; CIEM: Paris, France. In Fre.
This study is concerned with the immigration of Algerians to France. The author first describes the initiation of this immigration in the context of the colonial relationship between Algeria and France and then proceeds to analyze the reasons why migration continued to grow during the course of the twentieth century. Current immigration patterns as well as the policies that govern them are analyzed. The author concludes that this immigration has developed in recent years from temporary labor migration to permanent migration, involving whole families, and that neither the authorities, the communities, nor the individuals concerned have yet accepted this fact or adjusted to it.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

52:40561 Hoerder, Dirk. Labor migration in the Atlantic economies: the European and North American working classes during the period of industrialization. Contributions in Labor History, No. 16, ISBN 0-313-24637-8. LC 85-7975. 1985. xvi, 491 pp. Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
This is a collection of studies by different authors on aspects of labor migration in and between Europe and the Americas between the end of the Napoleonic wars and the beginning of World War I. Following an introductory chapter, the first part contains seven studies on migration in Europe, including migration primarily affecting Scandinavia, Austria, Italy, Germany, and France. The next part deals with the process of acculturation of immigrants in Europe and North America. The final part is concerned with return migration to Sweden, Finland, Croatia, and of Jews to Eastern Europe; it also includes a general item on the relationship between the working class and the nation state and a bibliographic essay.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

52:40562 Hollifield, James F. The political economy of immigration: the French case, 1945-1981. Pub. Order No. DA8608923. 1985. 362 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
In order to study the role of foreign labor in the advanced industrial states of Western Europe, the author develops "a political-economic model of the policymaking process, which sorts out the effects of political, social and economic factors on immigration and foreign employment....The analysis of the French data [for 1945-1981] shows that immigration and foreign employment are much more responsive to changes in market conditions than to changes in policy."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at Duke University.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 47(2).

52:40563 Katz, Eliakim; Stark, Oded. Migration, information and the costs and benefits of signalling. Migration and Development Program Discussion Paper, No. 24, Jun 1986. 17 pp. Harvard University, Center for Population Studies, Migration and Development Program: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"The effect of informational asymmetry on the level and skill composition of international migration and on the level of output are examined first, in the absence of signalling and, second, when a signalling device is available. Using total output as a criterion we find, inter alia, that signalling may not perfectly compensate for informational asymmetry and that reduction in the costs of signalling may not raise output."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40564 Kuthiala, S. K. Migrant workers: a passage from India to the Middle East. Demographic and social-psychological implications and policy consideration. International Migration/Migrations Internationales/ Migraciones Internacionales, Vol. 24, No. 2, Jun 1986. 441-59 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
The author first gives an overview of labor emigration from India since the nineteenth century, noting particularly the trends in Indian migration to Middle Eastern and North African countries. The demand for expatriate labor in West Asia for the years 1985-1990 is projected, and consideration is given to differential labor migration according to skill category. Focusing on Indian emigrants currently working in the Gulf States, the author discusses conceptual problems in examining international migration as well as the social-psychological consequences and the societal impact of migration.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40565 Lobodzinska, Barbara. Post-war immigration in the United States and the state of Minnesota: the process of entering an all-American community. International Migration/Migrations Internationales/ Migraciones Internacionales, Vol. 24, No. 2, Jun 1986. 411-39 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
The author focuses on characteristics of Polish immigrants in Minnesota in the years since World War II. Particular attention is given to the immigrants' adaptation to the American way of life and to democratic institutions after being accustomed to centralized power in a socialist system. "This article is based on participant observation, publications concerning immigration to the United States, and unstructured interviews with newcomers from Poland and other Eastern European countries."
Distinctions are made among the characteristics of Polish-Americans, pre-World War II immigrants, war immigrants, and those who have come during the last 20 years, including groups that the author identifies as the "calculated-decision" immigrants, the post-Solidarity immigrants, and the "adjusted visitor" immigrants. Consideration is given to the demographic characteristics, legal status, education and employment, and territorial mobility of 35 Poles living in Minnesota who were interviewed by the author.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40566 Marozza, Franco. The theoretical possibility of coordinating sources of information concerning the presence of foreigners in Italy: the linkage of various archives. [Possibilita teoriche di coordinamento informatico delle fonti di informazione sulla presenza degli stranieri in Italia: il linkage dei vari archivi.] Studi Emigrazione/Etudes Migrations, Vol. 23, No. 82-83, Jun-Sep 1986. 281-305 pp. Rome, Italy. In Ita.
The author first describes the sources that might be useful in providing information on the foreign population of Italy. He then discusses possible means of coordinating data and examines the difficulties involved in doing so.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40567 Natale, Marcello. Sources and methods of measuring the foreign population in Italy. Contributions to the current debate and new cognitive elements. [Fonti e metodi di rilevazione della popolazione straniera in Italia. Contributi del dibattito in corso e nuovi elementi conoscitivi.] Studi Emigrazione/Etudes Migrations, Vol. 23, No. 82-83, Jun-Sep 1986. 165-216 pp. Rome, Italy. In Ita.
The author discusses problems involved in measuring the size of the foreign population residing in Italy. Methods for determining the movements and lineage of aliens are described and evaluated, and results obtained from various official sources are compared. The contribution of indirect measurements is also considered.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40568 Neill, Ghyslaine. Class, sex, and socio-professional trajectory: the case of Haitian immigration in Quebec. [Classe, sexe et trajectoire socio-professionnelle: le cas de l'immigration haitienne au Quebec.] Cahiers Quebecois de Demographie, Vol. 14, No. 2, Oct 1985. 259-73 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Various studies have shown the role of Haitian immigration in satisfying the need for manpower in Quebec. Very few, however, analyse the process which leads immigrants to this role. This paper shows that sex and class in the country of origin strongly determine the socio-professional trajectory of Haitian immigrants in Quebec. These two factors define indeed a specific process of skill acquisition, and, therefore, a more or less strong bargaining power on the labor market."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40569 Netherlands. Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid. Economic effects of emigration. An exploratory study into the economic effects of emigration, a study undertaken by the Central Planning Bureau at the request of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment. [Economische effecten van emigratie. Een verkennende studie naar de economische effecten van emigratie, uitgevoerd door het Centraal Planbureau op verzoek van het ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid.] May 1984. 72, [76] pp. The Hague, Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
A review of the economic effects of emigration is presented, with particular reference to the current labor surplus in the Netherlands. Separate consideration is given to the economic effects of the migration of traditional emigrants of Dutch origin and of the return migration of foreigners resident in the Netherlands. The results show that the net economic impact of the emigration of traditional emigrants is slightly positive with regard to production per capita, the national budget, and the labor market situation. The effects of migrants returning to their country of origin is positive, particularly with regard to government budget considerations.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40570 Noiriel, Gerard. Immigration in France, the untold story. [L'immigration en France, une histoire en friche.] Annales: Economies, Societes, Civilisations, Vol. 41, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1986. 751-69, 947 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The history of immigration to France over the past century is reviewed. The author claims that immigration has played a crucial role in the renewal of the French population. The basic cause of immigration has been the inability of the labor force to replace itself and to meet the country's economic needs. The economic and political effects of immigration are examined, and some methodological problems concerning its study are discussed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40571 Painter, Thomas M. Peasant migrations and rural transformations in Niger: a study of incorporation within a West African capitalist regional economy, c. 1875 to c. 1982. Pub. Order No. DA8608720. 1986. 680 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This is a study of peasant migrations from the Dosso area of southwestern Niger to areas of the West African Guinea Coast from shortly after 1900 through the early 1980s....Archival and secondary source materials are used to reconstruct the growth of the regional economy...and to examine forms of peasant migrations from the Dosso area to growth-pole areas from the early years of this century through the present. Evidence from village research during 1981 and 1982 is used to examine the connection between current forms of migrations and peasant survival in the area."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the State University of New York at Binghamton.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 47(2).

52:40572 Passel, Jeffrey S. Undocumented immigrants: how many? In: American Statistical Association, 1985 proceedings of the Social Statistics Section. [1985]. 65-72 pp. American Statistical Association: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author reviews previous estimates and draws on several analytic studies using U.S. and Mexican census data to assess the size of the undocumented Mexican immigrant population in the United States. The types of undocumented immigrants are discussed, and the growth of this population since 1980 is estimated based on the April 1983 Current Population Survey.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40573 Perali, Giorgio. Clandestine immigration: some observations on methods of evaluation, with particular reference to the experience of the United States. [Immigrazione clandestina: alcune osservazioni su metodi di stima con particolare riferimento all'esperienza statunitense.] Studi Emigrazione/Etudes Migrations, Vol. 23, No. 82-83, Jun-Sep 1986. 259-65 pp. Rome, Italy. In Ita.
The author discusses methods that could be used to estimate the recent increase in illegal migration from Northern Africa to Italy. Particular attention is given to the methods used to estimate the illegal movement of Mexicans into the United States.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40574 Petersen, William. Reflections on the history of American immigration. Population Review, Vol. 30, No. 1-2, Jan-Dec 1986. 7-20 pp. La Jolla, California. In Eng.
American attitudes toward immigration since the early eighteenth century are reviewed. Topics covered include the debate concerning the melting pot concept versus cultural pluralism, the definition of ethnic groups, the problems of self-definition of ethnic group, the case of native Indians, and problems of second-generation migrants.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40575 Rivera-Batiz, Francisco L. International migration, remittances and economic welfare in the source country. Journal of Economic Studies, Vol. 13, No. 3, 1986. 3-19 pp. West Yorkshire, England. In Eng.
"This article provides a formal framework for the analysis of the impact of international migration in the presence of remittances. The discussion differentiates between temporary and permanent migration and between the effects of remittances that raise investment and those that raise consumption spending in the source country. Changes in prices, income distribution and national welfare are examined." The geographic focus is worldwide.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

52:40576 Seccombe, Ian J. Immigrant workers in an emigrant economy: an examination of replacement migration in the Middle East. International Migration/Migrations Internationales/ Migraciones Internacionales, Vol. 24, No. 2, Jun 1986. 377-96 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
The author investigates human resource shortages in a labor-supplying country, focusing particularly on the case of Jordan. He "examines the growth, characteristics and role of immigrant labour in an erstwhile emigrant economy and assesses the validity of the replacement migration model. Data is presented from the author's survey of some 3,751 work permits issued to foreign workers in Amman between October 1982 and January 1983."
It is noted that "replacement migration is only one aspect of a more diffuse pattern of labour inflows which have important implications for the Jordanian economy in general and the labour market in particular." In addition to replacement labor migration, which involves the employment of skilled workers in sectors experiencing domestic labor shortages, the author identifies the roles played by collective contract labor, involving immigrant labor for project-specific work, and secondary labor, involving low-skill work at discriminatory wage rates. The distinctions between these forms of labor migration and their economic implications are discussed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40577 Simon, Rita J.; Brettell, Caroline B. International migration: the female experience. ISBN 0-8476-7419-3. LC 85-26101. 1986. ix, 310 pp. Rowman and Allanheld: Totowa, New Jersey. In Eng.
"This book is a collection of essays that explores the experiences of immigrant women during the post-World War II period. Its scope is international, and its overall aim is to delineate and analyze the social, economic, political, and cultural characteristics that influence female migrants both as immigrants and as women, and which therefore may differentiate their experiences from those of male migrants." The geographic focus is on the major Western receiving countries, and the data and methods of analysis vary from statistical analyses of quantitative data to in-depth qualitative research based on case studies and interviews. Emphasis is given to comparisons among international migration streams.
The first part provides an introduction and a demographic overview of women's international migration. Part 2 is concerned with female labor force participation and policy issues: the first six papers focus on North America, and the next three on Europe, specifically the United Kingdom, France, and the Federal Republic of Germany. Part 3 concentrates on family adaptation and cultural adjustment.
Location: New York Public Library.

52:40578 Taylor, J. Edward. U.S. immigration policy, the Mexican village economy, and agricultural labor markets in California. Urban Institute Project Report, Oct 1986. 102 pp. Urban Institute: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author focuses on two aspects of migration from Mexico to the United States: "the labor supply decisions underlying illegal Mexico-U.S. migration...[and] the impacts and reliance on undocumented workers in U.S. agricultural labor markets." The analysis is based on previous studies and on an analysis of immigration using data for a sample of rural Mexican households.
"Part I examines the general characteristics of the illegal Mexico-U.S. migration process, the motives for Mexico-U.S. migration, and the interdependence between migrant-sending areas in Mexico and the 'second economy' in which most migrants are employed in the United States. In Part II, information from a number of existing sources is used to construct a profile of undocumented Mexico-U.S. migrants. In Part II, detailed data collected by the author in the Patzcuaro region of Mexico are used to estimate a model of undocumented Mexico-U.S. migration decision and the net economic returns to households in rural Mexico from sending migrants illegally to the United States."
The final section "focuses on the implications of these findings for agricultural labor markets in California, using data from a recent survey of the state's farm workforce and from the California Employment Development Department."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40579 Teitelbaum, Michael S. Intersections: immigration and demographic change and their impact on the United States. In: World population and U.S. policy: the choices ahead, edited by Jane Menken. ISBN 0-393-02419-9. LC 86-12803. 1986. 133-74 pp. W. W. Norton: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
The record of the United States concerning immigration and immigration policy is reviewed. The paper begins with a review of global trends in international migration and the changes toward such migration in recent years by the countries primarily concerned. Next, changes over time in U.S. policy toward immigration are documented. Numerical estimates and U.S. migration trends since the early nineteenth century are outlined. The impact of recent immigration is assessed. Finally, recent policy responses to immigration are examined.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40580 Todaro, Michael P. A theory of illegal international migration from developing countries. Center for Policy Studies Working Paper, No. 126, Sep 1986. 45 pp. Population Council, Center for Policy Studies: New York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper presents a model of international illegal migration from developing countries. The model postulates that the decision to emigrate is some function of the expected income differential between the home and destination countries. This expected differential is composed of actual differentials adjusted for the probability of finding employment in the place of origin and the intended destination." The model takes into account such factors as inflexible or discriminatory wages, unemployment, and restrictions on mobility.
The model is used to evaluate the implications of the Simpson-Mazzoli bill concerning immigration to the United States. The results indicate that although host governments may be able to affect the flow of illegal immigrants by developing policies that act directly or indirectly on expected incomes, there are major weaknesses in an approach focusing on the imposition of employer penalties and increased border apprehension.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40581 Tribalat, Michele. Foreign immigrants in the Federal Republic of Germany. [Migrations d'etrangers en Republique Federale d'Allemagne.] Population, Vol. 41, No. 3, May-Jun 1986. 547-84 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
Immigration in the Federal Republic of Germany is analyzed. Three distinct waves of immigration are identified, occurring in the early 1960s, around 1970, and during the late 1970s. Among the main immigrant groups were Italians, Yugoslavs, and Turks. In contrast to the Italian and Yugoslav migrants, among whom the rate of return migration is high, the majority of Turkish migrants have stayed in West Germany and have brought their families. The contribution of the immigrant community to the country's birth rate is noted.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40582 Weller, Robert H.; Gurak, Douglas; Macisco, John; Powers, Mary; Tanfer, Koray; Bailey, Mohamed. The sociodemographic characteristics of stayers, in-migrants and return migrants to Puerto Rico. Center for the Study of Population Working Paper, No. 87-35, Oct 1986. 22 pp. Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Center for the Study of Population: Tallahassee, Florida. In Eng.
Demographic and social characteristics of 3,175 Puerto Rican women aged 15-49, who were classified according to migrant status as in-migrants, return migrants, or nonmigrants, are examined. The data are from the 1982 Puerto Rico Fertility and Family Planning Assessment. Attention is given to age, marital status, education, occupational status, religion, number of children, and contraceptive use. The authors note the shortcomings involved in treating the migrant categories as homogeneous groups.
It is found that "differences in socioeconomic profiles between return migrants, the in-migrants and the non-migrants are minimal and lend empirical support to the notion that selectivity is becoming less of a factor with respect to migration from and into Puerto Rico. When age is controlled, in-migrants tend to have the lowest fertility and the non-migrants the highest levels, except in the younger age groups. This observation must be tempered by the need for further multivariate analysis."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

H.3. Internal Migration

52:40583 Benabdeljalil, Khalid. Internal migration in Morocco: examination of structural determinants. Pub. Order No. DA8417262. 1984. 291 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"The major objective of this dissertation is to analyse how population movement began in the development process, and to define the principal determinants of internal migration. There is a striking internal population disequilibrium in Morocco with the greatest urban concentration in 2 or 3 main cities."
The author finds that "migration is determined chiefly by two factors: (a) the world system...affects, in numerous ways, the economic, social, spatial and political structure of national development and the population distribution. (b) economic stagnation, the modernization of some activities, and the concentration of ownership of the means of production in some sectors accelerate the migration process directly or indirectly."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the University of Pennsylvania.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 45(5).

52:40584 Boswell, Thomas D. The characteristics of internal migration to and from New Providence Island (Greater Nassau), Bahamas, 1960-1970. Social and Economic Studies, Vol. 35, No. 1, Mar 1986. 111-50 pp. Kingston, Jamaica. In Eng.
"The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of internal migration to and from New Providence Island [Bahamas] during the decade of the 1960s. Only internal island-to-island moves are being studied since published data regarding foreign migration are incomplete. Specifically, three topics will be investigated: (1) the spatial patterns of in-migration to and out-migration from New Providence Island; (2) the selectivity of migrants; and (3) the impact of net internal migration on the demographic composition of Greater Nassau."
It is observed that the negative net migration experienced in New Providence during the 1960s is atypical for major cities in the region.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

52:40585 Cilliers, S. P.; Raubenheimer, L. P. Patterns of migration and settlement in rural South Africa. Department of Sociology Occasional Paper, No. 10, ISBN 0-7972-0065-7. May 1986. 19, 13, [7] pp. University of Stellenbosch, Department of Sociology, Research Unit for Sociology of Development: Stellenbosch, South Africa. In Eng.
This study is concerned with patterns of migration and settlement in rural areas of South Africa, including the independent black homelands. "The aim of the study is to provide on the basis of available information a summary overview of historical patterns of migration and settlement and to identify regions which have experienced significant population shifts. On the basis of this analysis, an attempt is made to identify expected future population shifts, to relate past and expected future population shifts to State strategy on regional development, and to note some policy implications of the findings."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40586 Dahmann, Donald C. Geographical mobility research with panel data. Growth and Change, Vol. 17, No. 3, Jul 1986. 35-48 pp. Lexington, Kentucky. In Eng.
"The objective of this article is to introduce panel survey data and to demonstrate its value for geographical mobility research [in the United States]. A brief history of panel surveys is provided that emphasizes the blossoming of this form of data collection during the past two decades. The potential utility of the Census Bureau's new Survey of Income and Program Participation is discussed at some greater length."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

52:40587 Datta, Pranati. Inter-state migration in India. Margin, Vol. 18, No. 1, Oct 1985. 69-82 pp. New Delhi, India. In Eng.
Internal migration trends in India are examined using data from the 1971 census. The emphasis is on migration among states. Factors affecting migration are explored.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

52:40588 Dennis, Sam J. Black exodus and white migration, 1950 to 1970: a comparative analysis of population movements and their relations to labor and race relations. Pub. Order No. DA8429882. 1984. 332 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This study critically reviews and partially reassesses the sociological theories of migration, labor relations, and race relations. The specific concerns of this study are: (1) internal migration of White and Black Americans in the United States between 1950 and 1970 and (2) the relationship of this migration to labor relations and race relations....Two major hypotheses are presented and tested in an effort to determine the cause(s) of migration, and two major perspectives, classical functionalism and neo-Marxism, are analytically reviewed."
Among the research methods used are "(1) critical review and comparative analysis of historical and sociological literature; (2) trend analysis of census data using descriptive statistics of Black and White migration; and (3) examination of the influence of variables such as income, education, and race on migration."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at American University.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 45(11).

52:40589 Drbohlav, Dusan. Migration motivations as one indicator of the formation of the geographical structure of social organizations. [Motivy migrace jako jeden z indikatoru formovani geograficke struktury organizace spolecnosti.] Demografie, Vol. 28, No. 3, 1986. 202-9 pp. Prague, Czechoslovakia. In Cze. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The motives for internal migration in Czechoslovakia during the period 1971-1981 are examined, using official data concerning the Czech part of the country. Evidence for the period showed a general decline in migration, particularly migration for economic reasons. Regional differences in migration patterns are noted.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40590 El-Boraey, Abdel H. El-B. Internal migration differentials in Upper Egypt Economic Regions (UEER's). In: Studies in African and Asian demography: CDC annual seminar, 1985. CDC Research Monograph Series, No. 15, 1986. 241-55 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
The author uses 1976 census data to examine internal migration in Egypt and to compare the migrants and nonmigrants in three regions of Upper Egypt in terms of sex, age, educational level, economic activity, and occupation. Tabular data are presented on the urban-rural distribution of migrants and nonmigrants by age and sex.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40591 Heenan, L. D. B.; Moffat, Kevin. Interregional migration of older New Zealanders: a preliminary exploration of recent census data. New Zealand Population Review, Vol. 12, No. 2, Jul 1986. 107-26 pp. Wellington, New Zealand. In Eng.
Internal migration trends of the elderly in New Zealand are analyzed using census data for the period 1971-1981. Comparisons are made with migration patterns for the population as a whole.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40592 Hirsch-Rosemberg, Samuel J. L. Education and the migration decision: an economic analysis of interstate migration in Mexico. Pub. Order No. DA8612743. 1986. 209 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"An aggregate cross-section model of migration is developed to analyze the effects of several variables (migration determinants) on Mexico's internal migratory movements. The migrant population is disaggregated by levels of educational attainment and education-specific regional average incomes, and employment rates are used to explore the effect which education has--as an individual attribute--on the migration decision. In addition, inclusion of regional average education levels as explanatory variables makes it possible to analyze the effect of education, as a locational benefit, on migration. The model is tested with multiple regression techniques."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at Stanford University.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 47(3).

52:40593 Ibrahim, Mahmoud F. M. Volume and patterns of internal migration in Cairo Economic Region. In: Studies in African and Asian demography: CDC annual seminar, 1985. CDC Research Monograph Series, No. 15, 1986. 257-82 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
The author uses 1976 Egyptian census data to analyze the volume and distribution of in-, out-, and net migration in the Cairo Economic Region by sex and rural-urban origin or destination, interregional migration by governorate of origin and destination, and rural-urban streams.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40594 Kim, Chang-Seok. City attractiveness and internal migration in Korea: place utility considerations. Pub. Order No. DA8608665. 1985. 266 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
This study uses a place utility approach to analyze internal migration in the Republic of Korea in terms of city attractiveness. Data are from a survey of individuals' perceptions of city attractiveness and from published data concerning measures of objective city attractiveness. The latter are primarily socioeconomic indicators.
The findings suggest that "city-ward migration is dependent on individuals' subjective evaluation of city attractiveness rather than on objective attractiveness itself....Therefore, policy efforts, through various information programs, to close the gap between actual city attractiveness and its subjective perception may be a prerequisite for the better functioning of population redistribution programs."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the University of Hawaii.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 47(2).

52:40595 Kundu, Amitabh. Migration, urbanisation and inter-regional inequality: the emerging socio-political challenge. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 21, No. 46, Nov 15, 1986. 2,005-8 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
The author examines migration patterns in India using data from the 1961, 1971, and 1981 censuses. Among the developments noted is "the declining rate of migration over time in both rural and urban areas--more sharply for males than for females....In an attempt to look at the population mobility in the context of development dynamics, this paper considers the interstate variations in the incidence of migrants in general and interstate migrants in particular. The growing immobility is also examined in relation to the process of accentuation of regional imbalances."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

52:40596 Liaw, Kao-Lee; Kanaroglou, Pavlos. Metropolitan elderly out-migration in Canada, 1971-1976: characterization and explanation. Research on Aging, Vol. 8, No. 2, Jun 1986. 201-31 pp. Beverly Hills, California. In Eng.
"This article analyzes the 1971-1976 out-migration patterns of the Canadian male elderly from the 23 Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs). Migration is conceptualized within a three-level choice framework, and statistical inference is based on a logit model." Comparisons are made with the migration patterns of younger age groups.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

52:40597 Lyson, Thomas A. Migration selectivity and early adult attainments. Rural Sociology, Vol. 51, No. 3, Fall 1986. 328-42 pp. Bozeman, Montana. In Eng.
"Using data obtained from the [U.S.] National Longitudinal Survey of the High School Class of 1972, this paper addresses two interrelated questions. First, is a decision to migrate to or from a rural place related to background characteristics and personal attributes? And second, how does the decision to leave a rural area, move into a rural area, or remain in the rural area of one's childhood relate to early adult social and economic attainments?".
The authors find that migration is related to both sets of factors, and they note "the importance of taking into account characteristics of the local opportunity structure in studies of labor market outcomes and labor supply characteristics."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40598 Mierzejewski, Slawomir. Households of migrating and nonmigrating populations: differences in income levels and structure. [Zroznicowanie poziomu i struktury dochodow w gospodarstwach domowych z ludnoscia migrujaca i nie migrujaca.] Wiadomosci Statystyczne, Vol. 31, No. 2, Feb 1986. 15-8 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol.
Data from a 1983 special survey concerning causes of internal migration in Poland, which covered 5,400 households are merged with results of quarterly surveys of household income to analyze the characteristics of migrating households and their income levels during the period 1970-1983.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40599 Miller, Bradley J. Interstate migration: political factors, personal income expectations and quality of life considerations. Pub. Order No. DA8612886. 1985. 176 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This dissertation specifies and tests three distinct models of interstate mobility: the Political Model, the Personal Income Expectations Model, and the Quality of Life Model. The three models are tested using cross-sectional [U.S.] state data on net migration for four time periods ending in 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1980. The estimates indicate that the three models are temporally unstable, indicating that single time period tests are inadequate. Based on this finding, a research program on interstate migration is developed."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the University of Kentucky.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 47(3).

52:40600 Morocco. Direction de la Statistique. Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Demographiques (Rabat, Morocco). Internal migration in Morocco (1975-1982). [Les migrations internes au Maroc (1975-1982).] Apr 1986. 66 pp. Rabat, Morocco. In Fre.
An analysis of recent trends in internal migration in Morocco is presented using data from the 1982 census. Separate consideration is given to migration to urban areas and to migration affecting rural areas.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40601 Morrison, Peter A.; DaVanzo, Julie. The prism of migration: dissimilarities between return and onward movers. Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 67, No. 3, Sep 1986. 504-16 pp. Austin, Texas. In Eng.
"This study explores the premise that particular sequences of migration select particular types of persons, whose decisions to move are colored by a spectrum of motives, personal capabilities, and information sources. Longitudinal micro data are used to demonstrate that migrants who venture out and promptly return are distinctively different from other migrants. They are comparatively less educated and less skilled, recently unemployed, and less inclined to plan ahead or avoid taking risks."
The data are from the University of Michigan Panel Study of Income Dynamics for the years 1968-1975 and concern 5,725 U.S. families. The authors attempt to "broaden a traditional demographic perspective on migration by emphasizing the diversity of purposes that may operate, depending on where a particular move falls in a sequence of migration."
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

52:40602 Mostert, W. P.; Kok, P. C.; van Tonder, J. L.; van Zyl, J. A. Demographic implications of alternative migration patterns with respect to the black population of South Africa. [Demografiese implikasies van alternatiewe migrasiescenario's met betrekking tot die Suid-Afrikaanse Swart bevolking.] RGN.HSRC Verslag, No. S-133, ISBN 0-7969-0277-1. 1985. x, 206 pp. Raad vir Geesteswetenskaplike Navorsing, Instituut vir Sosiologiese en Demografiese Navorsing: Pretoria, South Africa. In Afr. with sum. in Eng.
Aspects of contemporary urbanization in South Africa are reviewed. The authors suggest that the country's problems are primarily related to the growth of the black population as a whole and that the problems of urbanization cannot be examined out of this context. They conclude that the only realistic policy is to bring about development in the black states or homelands, which would in turn develop poles of attraction for migrants. They reject solutions involving either the continuation of the present migrant labor system or the removal of measures inhibiting the free migration of people in the absence of the development of black areas.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40603 New Zealand. Department of Statistics (Wellington, New Zealand). Inter-regional migration in New Zealand, 1971-1981. Statistics Bulletin, Pub. Order No. 03010. 1986. 35 pp. Wellington, New Zealand. In Eng.
An analysis of internal migration trends in New Zealand from 1971 to 1981 is presented. Data are from both published and unpublished official sources, including the 1976 and 1981 censuses. "Findings of the study confirm the general northward drift of poulation and the vital role of migration between urban areas, rather than rural-urban movement, in the inter-regional pattern of migration."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40604 Nolan, Riall W. Bassari migrations: the quiet revolution. Westview Special Studies on Africa, ISBN 0-8133-7297-6. LC 86-19054. 1986. xv, 199 pp. Westview Press: Boulder, Colorado/London, England. In Eng.
"This book is about how a Bassari village is being incorporated into larger national structures in Senegal through seasonal and long-term migration. The data come from two field investigations in Eastern Senegal during 1970-72 and 1977-78. The first of these concerned migration's effects on the village of Etyolo. The second, five years later, focused on the regional capital of Tambacounda, and how long-term Bassari migrants were adjusting to urban life there."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40605 Singh, S. N.; Yadava, R. C.; Sharma, H. L. A model for rural out-migration at household level. Janasamkhya, Vol. 3, No. 1-2, Jun-Dec 1985. 1-7 pp. Kariavattom, India. In Eng.
"Based on certain assumptions, a probability model for number of migrants has been proposed. The model involves several parameters. The estimates of some of the parameters are determined assuming that the rest are known." The model is applied to data from India taken from a 1978 survey of 3,514 households in villages classified as semi-urban, remote, or growth centers.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40606 Slodczyk, Janusz. Spatial relationships among selected voivodships of the Oder region in the light of population migration. [Przestrzenne zwiazki wybranych wojewodztw Nadodrza w swietle migracji ludnosci.] Odra i Nadodrze, LC 85-238257. 1984. 42 pp. Instytut Slaski w Opolu: Opole, Poland. In Pol.
Migration patterns among three of the voivodships adjoining the Oder river in Poland are analyzed using data gathered as part of a study on the region's water resources.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

52:40607 Stillwell, John. The analysis and projection of interregional migration in the United Kingdom. In: Population structures and models: developments in spatial demography, edited by Robert Woods and Philip Rees. ISBN 0-04-301200-0. LC 85-30642. 1986. 160-202 pp. George Allen and Unwin: Boston, Massachusetts/London, England. In Eng.
The author examines the characteristics of internal migration in the United Kingdom and compares four approaches to migration projection. He uses "age-disaggregated data on migration which is available from the 1971 census 'new area' tabulations and from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys' (OPCS) 10% sample of National Health Service patient reregistrations since 1975. The limitations of both types of migration data are discussed and methods of estimating complete matrices of flows for a system of metropolitan counties and non-metropolitan regions are outlined."
Consideration is given to "the spatial pattern and age structure of five-year migration during 1966-71 and changes in the pattern between 1966-71 and 1976-81. The distance decay parameters of a doubly constrained spatial interaction model are used to illustrate spatial variations in the propensity to migrate over distance, and trends in the level and pattern of annual interzonal movement are examined....Four different approaches are chosen to generate forecasts of age-specific flows which can be compared against estimated 'observed' data...."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40608 Strzelecki, Zbigniew. Socioeconomic issues concerning the migration of the population of Warsaw and Prague. [Spoleczno-ekonomiczne problemy migracji ludnosci Warszawy i Pragi.] Monografie i Opracowania, No. 135, LC 85-188552. 1984. 244 pp. Szkola Glowna Planowania i Statystyki: Warsaw, Poland. In Pol.
This publication contains 18 papers by different authors on aspects of migration in the populations of Warsaw, Poland, and Prague, Czechoslovakia. The papers are presented in three sections, which are concerned with demographic trends, spatial distribution, and social and vocational problems.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

52:40609 Tedebrand, Lars-Goran. Population pressure, internal migration, and the process of "modernization" in a rural community (Selanger) in northern Sweden, 1860-1910. Yearbook of Population Research in Finland, Vol. 24, 1986. 85-95 pp. Helsinki, Finland. In Eng.
"This article deals with historical (1860-1910) rural-rural, rural-industrial and rural-urban migration on [the] parish level in northern Sweden." The focus of the study is on a nonindustrial community, Selanger, which is located in close proximity to an urban, industrial zone. The author discusses the factors involved in the modernization process of Selanger and the connection between this process and migration. Tabular data are included on population change and growth in Selanger, 1860-1910; population change in other parishes and in the country as a whole, 1875-1910; and Selanger's in- and out-migration and net migration, 1861-1910.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40610 Valkonen, Tapani; Martelin, Tuija. Influence of household and area characteristics on the residential mobility of households. Yearbook of Population Research in Finland, Vol. 24, 1986. 14-28 pp. Helsinki, Finland. In Eng.
"The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationships between the residential (or intra-urban) mobility of households and variables describing the households and the residential areas where the households are located. The paper is based on data from a more comprehensive study on migration and residential mobility in the Helsinki [Finland] metropolitan area...." Individual-level records from the 1980 census and records on all moves to, from, or within the area in 1981 were linked. Variables considered include phase of household life cycle, discrepancy between housing needs and housing situation, economic resources of households, percentage of high-income households in the residential areas, and physical character of the areas.
A linear logistic model is used to analyze the importance of the variables and their interactions. It is concluded that "household characteristics are much more important determinants of residential mobility than area characteristics."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40611 van Ginneken, J. K.; Omondi-Odhiambo; Muller, A. S. Mobility patterns in a rural area of Machakos district, Kenya in 1974-1980. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie/Journal of Economic and Social Geography, Vol. 77, No. 2, 1986. 82-91 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
The authors discuss selected findings of a study conducted between 1974 and 1980 in a rural area of Machakos district, Kenya. As part of a broader epidemiological study, data were collected concerning aspects of migration and circulation. These findings and methodological problems encountered in analyzing the data are discussed.
Direct and indirect measures of migration are included. Figures are presented for annual intra-area, in- and out-migration rates; migration rates by age and sex; and the most common categories of persons involved in different types of circulation. Reasons for observed changes in migration patterns are discussed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40612 Willekens, Frans; Baydar, Nazli. Forecasting place-to-place migration with generalized linear models. In: Population structures and models: developments in spatial demography, edited by Robert Woods and Philip Rees. ISBN 0-04-301200-0. LC 85-30642. 1986. 203-44 pp. George Allen and Unwin: Boston, Massachusetts/London, England. In Eng.
The authors investigate the internal dynamics of the multi-regional demographic system, focusing on migration as an expression of the linkages between regions. "The data set...consists of place-to-place migration flows among Dutch municipalities categorized by degree of urbanization from 1958 to 1982." The authors describe three components of migration flow: the overall level, the generation probability, and the distribution probability. Generalized linear models are proposed to analyze these components, "and the use of [an] integrated model for forecasting purposes is evaluated."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

H.4. Settlement and Resettlement

52:40613 Morris, Benny. The harvest of 1948 and the creation of the Palestinian refugee problem. Middle East Journal, Vol. 40, No. 4, Autumn 1986. 671-85 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The relationship of the early stages of the Palestinian refugee problem to the struggle over the harvest during the 1947-1949 Arab-Israeli fighting is examined. The author contends that the out-migration of Arab villagers and the subsequent "policy and measures designed to prevent Arab cultivation of the abandoned fields served to consolidate the separation of the exiles from their lands...."
Location: Princeton University Library (SY).

H.5. Temporary Migration

52:40614 Erdosi, Ferenc. Patterns of commuting by region and districts of attraction in Hungary. [Az ingazas teruleti-vonzaskorzeti szerkezete Magyarorszagon.] Demografia, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1985. 489-98 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
An analysis of commuting trends in Hungary is presented, with particular attention given to the impact of commuting on spatial distribution patterns. The focus is on geographic differences in commuting patterns and on what makes places attractive to potential commuters.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40615 King, Russell. Return migration and regional economic problems. ISBN 0-7099-1578-0. LC 85-24288. 1986. 276 pp. Croom Helm: Dover, New Hampshire/London, England. In Eng.
This book consists of 12 papers by various authors on the actual and potential impact of return migration on the regional economic structures of the areas of origin. Six of the papers were originally presented at the Institute of British Geographers' annual conference in Leeds in January 1985, during the course of a Population Geography Study Group meeting on return migration; the remainder were subsequently commissioned by the editor.
The chapters are case studies of returned migrants around the world, including Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Greece, Algeria, Jordan, Southern Asia, Jamaica, and Newfoundland, Canada. An overview chapter by the editor is also included.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

52:40616 Senay, Eddle. Migrant workers of Lesotho: a comparison with those inside the country. In: Studies in African and Asian demography: CDC annual seminar, 1985. CDC Research Monograph Series, No. 15, 1986. 521-49 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
This study compares the characteristics and work patterns of workers employed in Lesotho and migrants working outside the country (primarily in South Africa). Data from the 1978-1979 Migration and Manpower Survey are used to analyze the age and sex composition, migrant status, marital status, and educational level of the two groups. Data are also presented on occupation by age, sex, migrant status, educational level, and industry. The reasons for migration and the links that migrants keep with their places of origin are discussed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

H.6. Rural-Urban Migration

52:40617 Afolayan, A. A. Is there a step-wise migration in Nigeria? A case study of the migrational histories of migrants in Lagos. GeoJournal, Vol. 11, No. 2, Sep 1985. 183-93 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The paper sets out to test whether or not the movement pattern of people in Nigeria is step-wise. It examines the spatial order in the country and the movement pattern of people. It then analyzes the survey data and tests for the validity of step-wise migration in the country. The findings show that step-wise migration cannot adequately describe all the patterns observed." The presence of large-scale circulatory migration between rural and urban areas is noted. Ways to decrease the pressure on Lagos by developing intermediate urban areas are considered.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40618 Ahmadi Afshar, Tahmoures. Private returns and social costs and benefits of rural-urban migration in less developed countries: a case study of India, 1961-71. Pub. Order No. DA8425062. 1984. 226 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
This study examines the micro- and macro-level economic consequences of rural-urban migration in India. "The results of the study indicate that rural male workers--whether skilled or unskilled, relatively young or more mature--could typically expect to improve their economic situation by moving to Bombay. Moreover, at any current age of such workers, the sooner he left, the larger could be the present values of his monetary rewards."
Among the macro-level consequences considered are "possible relations of migration to urban labor productivity, costs of traffic congestion, net fiscal impacts, and wage and employment conditions in urban labor markets."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at Indiana University.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 45(9).

52:40619 Centro de Estudios de Poblacion y Paternidad Responsable [CEPAR] (Quito, Ecuador). In-migration to Quito and Guayaquil (case studies). [Inmigracion a Quito y Guayaquil (estudio de casos).] Nov 1985. 191 pp. Quito, Ecuador. In Spa.
Two case studies of in-migration to urban areas of Ecuador are presented. They concern two groups of 300 persons living in marginal areas around Quito and Guayaquil. Consideration is given to demographic and economic characteristics of migrants, length of residence, place of origin, psychosocial characteristics, perceptions of urban living, and standard of living.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40620 Day, Richard H.; Dasgupta, Sudipto; Datta, Samar K.; Nugent, Jeffrey B. A note on instability in rural-urban migration. Modelling Research Group Working Paper, No. M8614, Mar 1986. 22 pp. University of Southern California, Department of Economics, Modelling Research Group: Los Angeles, California. In Eng.
"Newly observed instances of reverse migration, i.e., migration from urban to rural areas, suggest the possibility that the labor market adjustment process could be unstable. This paper provides a theoretical analysis of this conjecture using a Harris-Todaro-Lewis model. A bifurcation analysis is presented that shows how various stable and unstable adjustments are possible including chaotic fluctuations and how these possibilities are related to adjustment speed, the productivity of industry and agriculture, the relative importance of industry and population size."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40621 Hussein, Omar I. Rural-urban migration in Kenya. Pub. Order No. DA8504360. 1984. 119 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
This study uses ordinary least squares methodology to investigate the determinants of rural-urban migration in Kenya. "Four different sets of data were used, namely (1) gross migration rate from the most rural districts to Nairobi, (2) gross migration rates from the most urban districts to Nairobi, (3) gross migration rates from all districts to Nairobi, and (4) gross interprovincial rates between the eight provinces of Kenya....The basic hypothesis of the study is that people move from one locality to another because of income differential between the two areas."
The hypothesis is not confirmed, but other variables are found to have an effect on migration. These variables include distance, educational level, friends and relatives, and density (used as a proxy for urbanization).
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at Oklahoma State University.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 45(12), Pt. 1.

52:40622 Kiss, Judit. Rural-urban migration in Africa: causes, consequences and remedies. Development and Peace, Vol. 5, No. 2, Autumn 1984. 207-27 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Eng.
An analysis of rural-urban migration in Africa is presented. Both the causes and consequences of migration from rural areas are reviewed. The possible solutions to the problems posed by such migrations are also considered.
Location: New York Public Library.

52:40623 Maisonneuve, Daniel. Family structure and rural exodus. The case of Saint-Damase, 1852-1861. [Structure familiale et exode rural. Le case de Saint-Damase, 1852-1861.] Cahiers Quebecois de Demographie, Vol. 14, No. 2, Oct 1985. 231-40 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
Using data from a nominative census for a Quebec parish for the decade 1852-1861, the author shows that the rural exodus was primarily the result of entire families leaving rather than individuals leaving to relieve the pressure on large families. "Moreover, the migration behavior of rural families seems to have been determined by their socio-economic situation, in a process wherein variables related to family structure and fertility did not have a significant role."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40624 Markova, Dagmar. Migration to towns in India. [Migrace do mest v Indii.] Demografie, Vol. 28, No. 3, 1986. 210-6 pp. Prague, Czechoslovakia. In Cze. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
An analysis of rural-urban migration trends in India is presented. The author notes that migrants tend to be poor farmers and craftsmen rather than the most economically depressed population and that the major cities are the primary destinations of migrants. The reasons for such migrations are also analyzed. The study is based on secondary sources.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40625 Mdemu, Chotigunga C. Marriage and reproduction differences between migrants and non-migrants in Dar-es-Salaam city. In: Studies in African and Asian demography: CDC annual seminar, 1985. CDC Research Monograph Series, No. 15, 1986. 437-69 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
The author compares demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of recent migrants (those with 10 or fewer years of residence) and nonmigrants (those with more than 10 years of residence) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Data are presented on age and sex structure, marital status of women, educational level of women, economic activity of women, age at first marriage, polygyny, and multiple marriages. Fertility differentials are discussed in terms of socioeconomic factors and nuptiality patterns. The author also compares length of reproductive life and desired family size for the two study groups. Data are from the 1978 Cairo Demographic Centre survey of approximately 2,019 households.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

52:40626 Nwosu, A. C.; Igben, M. S. Stemming the tide of rural-urban migration in Nigeria: social versus economic considerations. Community Development Journal, Vol. 21, No. 3, Jul 1986. 208-15 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
Ways of reducing the flow of rural-urban migration in Nigeria are explored. The authors suggest that too much emphasis has been placed on developing social amenities in rural areas. An alternative approach, based on the development of economic opportunities for rural youth, is suggested.
Location: New York Public Library.

52:40627 Struck, Ernst. Types of rural out-migration in Turkey. [Formen der landlichen Abwanderung in der Turkei.] Erdkunde, Vol. 39, No. 1, Mar 1985. 50-5 pp. Bonn, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger. with sum. in Eng.
An analysis of changes in migration patterns since World War II between inner Anatolia and eastern Anatolia in Turkey is presented. Four periods are distinguished, the exploratory period until 1950, seasonal migration until 1960, mass migration up to the present, and marriage migration from 1975 to the present. The linkages between previous and potential migrants are noted.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

52:40628 Wendt, Hartmut. Aspects and trends of internal migration in the urbanization process of the German Democratic Republic. [Aspekte und Tendenzen der Binnenwanderung im Urbanisierungsprozess der DDR.] Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, Vol. 130, No. 3, 1986. 165-72 pp. Gotha, German Democratic Republic. In Ger.
The author investigates the social and economic conditions influencing rural-to-urban migration in the German Democratic Republic. Using official sources, the dimensions of this migration for the period 1971-80 are examined. Statistics are presented for net population loss and gain for communities of different sizes; it is found that the rate of migration remained relatively stable for this period.
Factors affecting this flow are discussed, including the economic and cultural attractiveness of cities, family reasons, and environmental factors. The author concludes that an equalization of living and working conditions between countryside and city is required to avert possible detrimental effects of future migration.
Location: Princeton University Library (Maproom).

52:40629 Wilson, Franklin D. Temporal and subnational variations in the reversal of migration flows between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas: 1935-80. Social Forces, Vol. 65, No. 2, Dec 1986. 501-24 pp. Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In Eng.
"This paper reports findings from analyses of subnational variations in the extent and timing of the reversal in [U.S.] migration flows between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, and the contribution of interdivisional exchanges to the reversal in flows. The more urbanized and industrialized divisions experienced within-state migration flows favoring nonmetropolitan areas as early as the 1935-40 period. Divisions that were highly metropolitan tended to send disproportionate numbers of metropolitan-to-nonmetropolitan migrants to divisions that had low metropolitan concentrations." Data are from the Public Use Microdata records from the 1940, 1960, 1970, and 1980 censuses.
Findings based on data concerning commuting patterns "indicate that nonmetropolitan areas adjacent to metropolitan areas are probably residential in character, similar in many respects to suburbs surrounding central cities. These results are consistent with a developmental model of urbanization/metropolitanization in which the pattern of population redistribution shifts from centralization to deconcentration."
This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1985 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 51, No. 3, Fall 1985, p. 408).
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).