52:40447 Aghajanian,
Akbar. Some notes on divorce in Iran. Journal of
Marriage and the Family, Vol. 48, No. 4, Nov 1986. 749-55 pp. Saint
Paul, Minnesota. In Eng.
"Recent trends in divorce and the divorce
rate in Iran from 1966 to 1983 are examined. The data are interpreted
in terms of the legal and social changes that have occurred during the
period. Using cross-sectional comparisons, the author examines the
effects of various sociodemographic variables on divorce and discusses
consequences of divorce in the Iranian sociocultural
system."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40448 Bauer, John
G. Age at marriage and earnings in Peninsular
Malaysia. Pub. Order No. DA8502762. 1984. 129 pp. University
Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"A
life-cycle utility maximization model of male nuptiality behavior in
Malaysia is proposed. The model presents two innovations, an earnings
constraint on marriage and the incorporation of social norms." The
effects of these factors and of an Easterlin income variable, the ratio
of income to desired living expenses, on age at marriage are
examined.
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the
University of Michigan.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts
International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 45(12), Pt. 1.
52:40449 Beaujot,
Roderic. The liberation of women and the marriage market
in Tunisia. [Liberation de la femme et marche matrimonial en
Tunisie.] Population, Vol. 41, No. 4-5, Jul-Oct 1986. 853-9 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre.
Changes in nuptiality patterns in Tunisia since
independence in 1956 are described. In particular, the author examines
the relationship between the increasing age of women at marriage and
changes in the status of women. The implications of a growing
proportion of women in their twenties who are unmarried are
discussed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40450 Bitter,
Robert G. Late marriage and marital instability: the
effects of heterogeneity and inflexibility. Journal of Marriage
and the Family, Vol. 48, No. 3, Aug 1986. 631-40 pp. Saint Paul,
Minnesota. In Eng.
"Using interview data from a national sample of
married persons [in the United States], this study investigates the
effects of late marriage on marital instability. An index measuring a
wide range of activities related to divorce and separation is used to
indicate the degree of instability. Persons married later in life were
found to be more heterogeneous in their choice of mate. When this
heterogeneity is controlled, the relationship between age at first
marriage and instability is negative and linear. No support was found
for the hypothesis that late marriage may be associated with marital
instability because such spouses are 'too set in their
ways.'".
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40451 Bloom,
David E.; Reddy, P. H. Age patterns of women at marriage,
cohabitation, and first birth in India. Demography, Vol. 23, No.
4, Nov 1986. 509-23 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper
discusses the character, diversity, and changing nature of Indian
marriage customs and researches the age patterns of Indian women at
marriage, cohabitation, and first birth. Survey data collected in the
1975 Bangalore Population Project are analyzed."
It is found that
"(1) the incidence of childhood marriages and two-stage marriage has
declined, causing the small but noticeable rise in age at marriage to
exceed the rise in age at cohabitation, (2) age patterns of marriage in
India do not closely resemble Western marriage patterns, although age
patterns of cohabitation and first birth do, and (3) socioeconomic
variables appear to explain less variation in marriage and fertility
timing within local communities than across communities."
This is a
revised version of a paper presented at the 1984 Annual Meeting of the
Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 50, No.
3, Fall 1984, p. 450).
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:40452 Callan,
Victor J. Single women, voluntary childlessness and
perceptions about life and marriage. Journal of Biosocial Science,
Vol. 18, No. 4, Oct 1986. 479-87 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
Data concerning 42 women wanting to be childless, 18 desiring a
one-child family, and 42 wanting two children are analyzed with regard
to the quality of their present lives and attitudes toward future
marriages. The data concern Australian social science
students.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40453 Coleman, D.
A.; Haskey, J. C. Marital distance and its geographical
orientation in England and Wales, 1979. Institute of British
Geographers: Transactions, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1986. 337-55 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
"A representative sample of just over one thousand
marriages solemnized in England and Wales in 1979 is used to analyse
the distribution of the distances between the partners' addresses at
marriage...according to various social and demographic variables also
derived from the same source. Comparison with other surveys suggests
that marriages in which both partners give the same address are likely
to be those of couples who cohabit before marriage. Partners who work
in unskilled manual occupations, or who marry with a civil ceremony, or
who have been married before, appear more likely than the average to
cohabit. Of the marriages where different addresses are given, about
one-half bring together partners living within 5 km of each
other."
It is found that "there is a strong relationship between
high social class and increased marital distance, and also between
greater marital distance and older ages up to about age 40.
Longer-range marriages show clear evidence of geographical orientation,
the effect being more pronounced at longer distances. This is
attributed to variations in population density over the country and
geographical constraints on settlement patterns."
Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
52:40454 Csernak,
Jozsefne. Nuptiality trends among single persons in
Hungary. [Vyvoj snatecnosti svobodnych v Madarsku.] Demografie,
Vol. 28, No. 2, 1986. 118-27 pp. Prague, Czechoslovakia. In Cze. with
sum. in Eng; Rus.
The author summarizes some results of a
demographic survey undertaken by the Hungarian Central Statistical
Office concerning trends in nuptiality. The period covered is that
since World War II. The author concludes that the changes in marriage
patterns observed are primarily the result of changes in the age
distribution of the population. The ratio of persons remaining single
has remained relatively unchanged over time.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40455 Davis,
Kingsley; Grossbard-Shechtman, Amyra. Contemporary
marriage: comparative perspectives on a changing institution.
ISBN 0-87154-221-8. LC 85-62452. 1985. xiii, 432 pp. Russell Sage
Foundation: New York, New York. In Eng.
This is a collection of
essays by various authors on aspects of contemporary marriage. The
geographic focus is on the developed countries as a whole and on the
United States in particular. The book begins with a general review of
the meaning and significance of marriage in contemporary society. Part
1 contains four papers on the revolution in marital behavior and
includes an article concerning the future of marriage, an analysis of
differences between blacks and whites in the decline of U.S. marriages,
and studies on consensual unions in France and the United
States.
Part 2 examines the limits of variation in marital patterns.
Part 3 contains comparative studies of marital change concerning the
United States, Japan, China, Southern Africa, and the Mormons. Part 4
is concerned with the law and changing sex roles, and Part 5, with
calculation and emotion in marriage.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:40456 Dumas,
Jean. Marriages and remarriages in Canada. [Mariages
et remariages au Canada.] Cahiers Quebecois de Demographie, Vol. 14,
No. 2, Oct 1985. 209-30 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng;
Spa.
"Marriage being a recurrent event, it is important to analyse
separately marriages and remarriages, because the unions they create
have different characteristics. The author proposes five patterns of
marriage, based on the various combinations between the previous
matrimonial status of the spouses, and for each of them, he analyses
the distribution according to the age of husband and wife." The data
are from official Canadian sources.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:40457 Etzler,
Cecilia. Births within marriage: the impact of premarital
cohabitation on first births within marriage among Swedish women born
between 1936 and 1960. [Barnafodande inom aktenskapet: det
foraktenskapliga samboendets betydelse for forstfodslar inom
aktenskapet bland svenska kvinnor fodda 1936-1960.] Stockholm Research
Reports in Demography, No. 29, ISBN 91-7820-016-4. Jan 1986. 34, 3 pp.
Stockholms Universitet, Demografiska Avdelningen: Stockholm, Sweden. In
Swe.
This study is concerned with the impact of changing marriage
patterns on firstborns in Sweden in recent years. The emphasis is on
the impact of the growing prevalence of cohabitation. The author notes
that most Swedish marriages are preceded by a period of cohabitation
and that the first child is usually born before marriage in such cases.
A trend toward cohabitation at earlier ages and marriage at later ages
is noted.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40458 Fricke,
Thomas E.; Syed, Sabiha H.; Smith, Peter C. Rural Punjabi
social organization and marriage timing strategies in Pakistan.
Demography, Vol. 23, No. 4, Nov 1986. 489-508 pp. Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
"Using data from the Asian Marriage Survey and ethnographic
material for the Punjab and South Asia, we examine the contribution of
social organization and marriage processes to the explanation of female
marriage age in rural Pakistan. The perspective is that marriage
constitutes an alliance-building strategy involving whole households
and patrilines and that kinship distance between families, dowry
values, landed status of families, and direction of wealth flows at
marriage have significant effects on marriage timing separate from
those of more standard indicators."
The analysis is shown to support
this hypothesis. "Implications extend to perspectives and variables
used to explain marriage behavior and potential for combining survey
data and ethnography in analysis."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:40459 Glick, Paul
C.; Lin, Sung-Ling. Recent changes in divorce and
remarriage. Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 48, No. 4,
Nov 1986. 737-47 pp. Saint Paul, Minnesota. In Eng.
Trends in
divorce and remarriage in the United States are analyzed using data
from official sources, including the census, the Current Population
Survey, and the National Center for Health Statistics. The focus is on
the period from 1960 to the early 1980s. "An extensive examination is
made of developments between 1975 and 1980 with respect to differential
changes in divorce and remarriage according to age at these events,
number of children born before divorce, and number of years divorced,
as well as how remarriage is affected by level of education."
The
paper concludes "with highlights of the research findings, a look at
likely future trends of divorce and remarriage, and some implications
of the recent and prospective changes in this important aspect of
family behavior."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:40460 Haderka,
Jiri. Marriage and divorce in Japan. [Manzelstvi a
rozvod v Japonsku.] Demografie, Vol. 28, No. 3, 1986. 217-24 pp.
Prague, Czechoslovakia. In Cze. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
Marriage
patterns in Japan are analyzed using data from secondary sources. The
author notes that although legislation affecting marriage and the
family is derived from European models, traditional Japanese attitudes
concerning the subservient role of women have a significant impact.
The problems faced by women experiencing divorce are
noted.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40461 Hoem, Jan
M. The impact of education on modern family-union
initiation. European Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne de
Demographie, Vol. 2, No. 2, Oct 1986. 113-33 pp. Amsterdam,
Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"The impact of education on
formation of first unions is analyzed using interview data from a
sample of Swedish women born in 1936-1960. A distinction is made
between achieved level of education and the effect of being a student.
The former appears to have little effect, but students start consensual
unions at lower rates than corresponding non-students, and they also
marry at much lower rates. Social background has not been important for
marriage formation, but it has been for cohabitation, which was
pioneered by the working class. There is no evidence that modern
cohabitation started as a campus movement."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40462 Johnson,
Ronald C. Group size and group income as influences on
marriage patterns in Hawaii. Social Biology, Vol. 31, No. 1-2,
Spring-Summer 1984. 101-7 pp. Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
Marriage
patterns in Hawaii are analyzed using secondary data from published
sources. "The proportion of persons of a given racial/ethnic group in
the population seems likely to influence the probability that members
of that group marry persons of other racial/ethnic groups, while median
income does not. However, among individuals who do marry
cross-ethnically, the median income levels of other groups has a
substantial association with the probability of occurrence of
[different] possible combinations of cross-ethnic
matings."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40463 Khalifa,
Mona. Marriage pattern in the Sudan and its interrelation
with fertility. Population Bulletin of ESCWA, No. 28, Jun 1986.
43-67 pp. Baghdad, Iraq. In Eng.
The author focuses on recent
marriage patterns in the Sudan and their relationship to fertility. A
slight increase in the mean age at first marriage for females is noted.
"These results have been arrived at by examining the 1973 census and
the Sudan Fertility Survey 1978/79 after assessing the quality of the
data. Postponement of marriage is associated with more marital
stability and reductions in the amount of lost reproductive time. Also,
the fertility of the women who marry late is found to be only slightly
less than that of those who marry young."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40464 Ko,
Chyong-fang; Heer, David M.; Wu, Hsin-ying. Social and
biological determinants of age at first marriage in Taiwan, 1970.
Social Biology, Vol. 32, No. 1-2, Spring-Summer 1985. 115-28 pp.
Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
"This study examines the social and
biological determinants of age at first marriage in two townships in
northern Taiwan, one very rural and traditional and the other urban and
modernized. For a sample of 5,707 once-married women a path analysis
was performed in which age at first marriage was considered a function
of age, educational attainment, urban origin, premarital labor-force
participation, and age at menarche. Age at menarche, with a positive
effect on the dependent variable, was the most important direct cause
of age at first marriage."
The authors note that "although exogenous
variables associated with modernization (urban origin, educational
attainment and younger age) had a positive direct effect on age at
first marriage, they also had a negative indirect effect on age at
first marriage through their negative direct effect on age at
menarche."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40465 Lee, Hwa
Young; Rajulton, Fernando. A semi-Markovian multistate
analysis of sexual union formation in Flanders, Belgium. IPD
Working Paper, No. 1986-5, 1986. 44 pp. Vrije Universiteit Brussel,
Interuniversity Programme in Demography: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
The authors use a homogeneous semi-Markovian analytical framework
to examine four main transitions among sexual union states and two
transitions of having a first child. The states identified are virgin
state, non-virgin state, cohabitation, first marriage, premarital
birth, and marital birth. The process takes into account only duration
in a state and not age at entry. Calculations are made concerning
first passage probabilities of transition between the various states by
education and religiosity.
"What this study confirms is the
generality of incidence of first sexual intercourse outside marriage
among young women in Flanders and the ever-decreasing age at which it
takes place." In addition, "cohabitation still serves as a sort of
prestage to marriage among Flemish women; most of the cohabitants marry
sooner rather than later." The differential impacts of religiosity and
education are also considered.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:40466 Lindgren,
Jarl. Recent divorce trends and patterns in Finland.
Yearbook of Population Research in Finland, Vol. 24, 1986. 72-84 pp.
Helsinki, Finland. In Eng.
The author studies the divorce patterns
of female marriage cohorts, 1950-1975, and considers the impact of age
at marriage. Both annual and cumulative divorce rates are presented.
The role of children in the divorce pattern is briefly considered. The
1981 divorce rate in Finland is compared with those of some other
European countries.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:40467 Macfarlane,
Alan. Marriage and love in England: modes of reproduction
1300-1840. ISBN 0-631-13992-3. LC 85-13351. 1986. xi, 380 pp.
Basil Blackwell: New York, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
The
author examines historical trends in marriage patterns in England and
describes what he calls the Malthusian marriage system using data from
a variety of published sources and from two sets of parish records for
the years 1400-1840. In the first section, the author discusses
relevant portions of the works of Darwin and Malthus and outlines the
nature and origins of the Malthusian marriage system. This system
involves marriage and childbearing as matters of choice rather than
automatic processes stemming from kinship, status, or biology.
In
subsequent chapters, attention is given to aspects of the value of
children, the purposes of marriage, and the rules of marriage,
including marriage duration, status rules, economic arrangements, and
courtship and wedding. An attempt is made to relate the observed
marriage patterns to contemporary economic and demographic changes
taking place in England. The author contends that "the emergence of
the Malthusian regime is of fundamental importance both in explaining
the social and economic history of Western Europe and particularly
England, and in analysing current developments in much of the
world."
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
52:40468
Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N. Marital distances, age at
marriage and husband's social group in a contemporary Cambridge
sample. Annals of Human Biology, Vol. 13, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1986.
411-5 pp. London, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
"An
account is given of the marital ages, birth and residence distances of
marriage partners living in an urban area [in Cambridge, England].
Some social group differences were found; non-manual group members
marry later and they tend to be more mobile than individuals from the
manual group."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:40469 Matsushita,
Keiichiro. An economic analysis of age at first
marriage. Pub. Order No. DA8612576. 1986. 150 pp. University
Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"A lifecycle
model is employed to analyze the optimum age of marriage. Various
economic factors are considered in the theoretical analysis. The model
implies that a lower post-marriage consumption-goods price, a large
share of within-marriage public goods, and altruism tend to promote
early marriage. Constraints on human capital accumulation and the
greater uncertainty at early ages of the earning potential of the
prospective mate tend to delay marriage. A stochastic dynamic
programming model is employed to analyze the influence of income
uncertainty on marriage-time decisions." In the empirical part of the
study, "regression equations intended to explain the age of marriage
are estimated."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at
the University of Michigan.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts
International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences 47(3).
52:40470 McGowan,
Linda L.; Lowe, George D. Comment on Hanson and Tuch, "The
determinants of marital instability: some methodological issues".
Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 48, No. 3, Aug 1986. 669-72
pp. Saint Paul, Minnesota. In Eng.
This is a critique of a 1984
study by Sandra L. Hanson and Steven A. Tuch concerning the
relationship in the United States between divorce and spouse's
employment. The nature of the data used concerning spouse's employment
and time-order questions concerning the definition of divorced status
are particularly emphasized. A reply by Hanson and Tuch is also
included (p. 670-2).
For the article by Hanson and Tuch, published
in 1984, see 50:40432.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:40471 Morgan, S.
Philip. On identifying determinants of a divorce in a
divorcing population: comments on Rankin and Maneker. Journal of
Marriage and the Family, Vol. 48, No. 3, Aug 1986. 673-5 pp. Saint
Paul, Minnesota. In Eng.
The author critically assesses a 1985
study by Robert P. Rankin and Jerry S. Maneker concerning the
relationship in the United States between divorce and the presence of
children. Elements of the research strategy used and the conclusions
reached are criticized.
For the article by Rankin and Maneker,
published in 1985, see 51:10434.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:40472 Pasternak,
Burton. Marriage and fertility in Tianjin, China: fifty
years of transition. Papers of the East-West Population Institute,
No. 99, ISBN 0-86638-080-9. LC 86-16515. Jul 1986. vii, 76 pp.
East-West Center, Population Institute: Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng.
"This is a report of research conducted in Tianjin, People's
Republic of China (September 1981 to January 1982), the objective of
which was to describe and analyze changes in family structure,
marriage, patterns of post-marital residence, and fertility in a
neighborhood of factory workers, over a period of fifty years. The
data, derived from a combination of interviews, questionnaires, and
documentary research, indicate how demographic data can provide an
objective indicator and measure of social and political
change."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40473 Pitkanen,
Kari. Marital dissolution in Finland: towards a long-term
perspective. Yearbook of Population Research in Finland, Vol. 24,
1986. 60-71 pp. Helsinki, Finland. In Eng.
The author presents some
preliminary findings concerning marital dissolution using published and
unpublished population statistics produced by Finland's Central
Statistical Office. Data are provided on marital dissolution by death
and divorce, 1851-1982, including rural-urban differentials;
sex-specific dissolution rates by death, 1851-1982; and age-specific
death and divorce rates, 1936-1940 and 1980-1981.
The author
performs a cohort analysis of marital dissolution using 11 marriage
cohorts between 1930 and 1975. This analysis indicates "the decreasing
significance of death and the increasing significance of divorce in
marital dissolution...." The effect of certain time periods on the
divorce behavior of different cohorts is
considered.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40474 Rabusic,
Ladislav. Cohabitation in Western Europe and the United
States. [Nesezdane souziti v zemich zapadni Evropy a USA.]
Demografie, Vol. 28, No. 2, 1986. 135-40 pp. Prague, Czechoslovakia. In
Cze. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
Recent trends in cohabitation in
Western Europe and the United States are described. The author notes
that consensual unions have increased rapidly since the emergence of
this phenomenon around 1965 in Scandinavia and that this growth is
associated with the increase in women's educational status and
employment opportunities, the availability of modern contraceptives,
and the legalization of abortion. The extent to which consensual
unions are trial marriages or alternatives to marriage is
considered.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40475 Rao,
Vandana R. Marriage patterns in Sri Lanka. Pub. Order
No. DA8612921. 1985. 174 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann
Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This study explores the dimensions and
causes of the changing marriage patterns for women in Sri Lanka. The
data are obtained from the World Fertility Survey of Sri Lanka
conducted in 1975....Using the lognormal model of nuptiality, the
dimensions of the nuptiality change and the effects of covariates are
examined simultaneously. It is found that the cohort effects such as
the marriage squeeze and unemployment as well as the educational
expansion are determinants of the rising age at first marriage in Sri
Lanka."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the
State University of New York at Stony Brook.
Source:
Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social Sciences
47(3).
52:40476 Sardon,
Jean-Paul. Trends in marriage and divorce in Europe since
the late 1960s. [Evolution de la nuptialite et de la divortialite
en Europe depuis la fin des annees 1960.] Population, Vol. 41, No. 3,
May-Jun 1986. 463-82 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
Changes in European nuptiality since the late 1960s are reviewed.
These include later marriages, fewer marriages, and more unstable
marriages. "The increase in the number of consensual unions among
younger couples is so great that the marriage rate has fallen by about
30 per cent since 1965. In many countries the current index of first
marriages stands below 0.65. This trend began in Scandinavia, but has
now reached all the countries of Europe, including those in Eastern
Europe....In many countries, it is likely that among the cohorts born
during the 1960s, the proportion of never married adults will exceed 20
per cent by the time that they have reached their 50th birthday, if
present trends were to continue."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:40477 South,
Scott J.; Spitze, Glenna. Determinants of divorce over the
marital life course. American Sociological Review, Vol. 51, No. 4,
Aug 1986. 583-90 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Using data from the
young and mature women samples of the [U.S.] National Longitudinal
Survey, this paper examines how the determinants of divorce (and
separation) vary by the duration of marriage. In general, we find
little evidence that the strength of previously identified predictors
of divorce varies by marital duration. Variables such as race, wife's
labor force participation, husband's employment, and urban residence
seem to influence the probability of divorce, irrespective of the stage
in the marital life course."
The authors find wife's education to be
an exception to this conclusion as it "appears to decrease the
probability of divorce at early marital durations but to increase it at
later durations. There is also suggestive evidence that the effects of
home ownership and age at marriage may vary by marital
duration."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40478 Sparks,
Janet. Marital condition estimates 1971-85: a new
series. Population Trends, No. 45, Autumn 1986. 18-25 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
"Population estimates for England and Wales by
sex, age and marital condition have been revised to incorporate a
change in definition and information from the 1981 Census. This
article outlines the method used, and describes the extent of the
revisions and their effects on marriage, divorce and birth rates.
Changes in the marital composition of the resident population between
1971 and 1985 are also briefly outlined."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40479 Sysenko, V.
A. Newlyweds. [Molodozheny.] Narodonaselenie, No. 48,
1985. 90 pp. Mysl': Moscow, USSR. In Rus. with sum. in Eng.
This
publication contains eight papers by different Soviet authors on
aspects of contemporary marriage in the USSR. A paper by V. Zotin and
A. Mytil' on attitudes toward marriage among young people is cited
elsewhere in this issue.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:40480 Teachman,
Jay D. Age at marriage and marital duration: a
methodological note and commentary. Journal of Marriage and the
Family, Vol. 48, No. 3, Aug 1986. 676-9 pp. Saint Paul, Minnesota. In
Eng.
This is a critique of a 1985 study by Jerry S. Maneker and
Robert P. Rankin, in which they found no association between age at
marriage and marital duration in the United States. "The purpose of
this note is to indicate several problems in Maneker and Rankin's
analysis that cast doubt over the usefulness of their results." The
author also aims "to alert researchers to general methodological
procedures that may be followed when analyzing life-course
transitions."
For the article by Maneker and Rankin, published in
1985, see 51:40384.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:40481 Veevers,
Jean E. Age-discrepant marriages: cross-national
comparisons of Canadian-American trends. Social Biology, Vol. 31,
No. 1-2, Spring-Summer 1984. 18-27 pp. Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
Data from the U.S. census, Canadian and U.S. marriage statistics,
and studies on age at marriage are used to examine differences in age
of partners at marriage. "Although available data are not conclusive,
they suggest that Canada and the United States do not differ markedly
in the incidence of age-discrepant marriages and that both exhibit
longitudinal trends which reflect a decreased incidence of marriages
with large husband-wife age differences and an increased preference for
coeval marriages, but exhibit markedly little change in the incidence
of wife-older marriages."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:40482 Zotin, V.;
Mytil', A. Contraceptive knowledge among those getting
married. [Osvedomlennost' vstupayushchikh v brak o metodakh i
sredstvakh kontratseptsii.] Narodonaselenie, No. 48, 1985. 80-90 pp.
Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
An analysis of the opinions of young people
concerning marriage and the family is presented. Topics covered
include motives for marriage, choice of spouse, place and duration of
acquaintance of spouse, and material and living conditions of
newlyweds. Consideration is given to knowledge about
contraception.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:40483 Adler,
Michele; Caviness, Laverne. Statistical profile of
children growing up in one parent families. In: American
Statistical Association, 1985 proceedings of the Social Statistics
Section. [1985]. 400-5 pp. American Statistical Association:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors use data from the 1981 Child
Health Supplement of the Health Interview Survey, covering 15,000 U.S.
children, to compare children in single-parent homes with those in
two-parent homes and in homes with no parent. Characteristics profiled
include family size, income, and participation in AFDC and Medicaid;
mother's educational level and number of out-of-wedlock births; health
care and status; and children's behavioral
problems.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40484 Alba,
Richard D.; Golden, Reid M. Patterns of ethnic marriage in
the United States. Social Forces, Vol. 65, No. 1, Sep 1986. 202-23
pp. Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In Eng.
"Using data from the
November 1979 Current Population Survey on ethnic ancestry, this paper
examines the strength and patterns of ethnic intermarriage in the
United States, investigating some of the implications of rising
intermarriage rates. After noting the infrequency of marriages across
the dividing line of European/non-European ancestry, we focus on
marriages between individuals of European (or American Indian)
ancestry."
The authors use a log-linear modeling strategy to
identify some major factors influencing intermarriage, including group
size, mixed or single ancestry, and degree of ethnic relatedness. With
regard to the rising rate of intermarriage among white ethnic groups,
it is noted that "even though persons of unmixed ancestry still exhibit
fairly strong tendencies to marry endogamously, a shift in the relative
frequency of mixed versus unmixed ancestry is reducing the sizes of the
categories with the strongest in-marriage tendencies and increasing the
sizes of those with weaker such tendencies."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40485 Bernardes,
Jon. In search of "The Family"--analysis of the 1981
United Kingdom census: a research note. Sociological Review, Vol.
34, No. 4, Nov 1986. 828-36 pp. Keele, England. In Eng.
"This
article reviews previous estimates of the frequency of 'normal
families' in the UK and USA. Using evidence from the 1981 UK Census it
is found that 'normal families' account for a very small percentage of
all 'families' in England and Wales. No single central type of
'family' exists and there is therefore an urgent need to develop
theoretical approaches which address this issue."
Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
52:40486 Bernheim,
B. Douglas; Stark, Oded. The strategic demand for
children: theory and implications for fertility and migration.
Migration and Development Program Discussion Paper, No. 25, Aug 1986.
49 pp. Harvard University, Center for Population Studies, Migration and
Development Program: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"Intra-familial conflict which arises from individual consumption
choices in an environment characterized by mutual altruism and direct
consumption externalities results in parents receiving from their
children less than the desired level of attention. Parents adopt a
joint bequest-fertility strategy in order to extract from their
children the desired level of attention, producing that number of
children which, in conjunction with such a manipulative behavior,
results in optimal extraction."
The authors draw fertility
implications "especially under alternative assumptions about the
mortality regime. Predictions of the theory for investment in
children's human capital and migration are
delineated."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40487 Bianchi,
Suzanne M.; Seltzer, Judith A. Life without father.
American Demographics, Vol. 8, No. 12, Dec 1986. 42-7 pp. Ithaca, New
York. In Eng.
The growing phenomenon of families in the United
States without a resident father is examined using data from published
sources. The authors note that about one-quarter of white children and
nearly one-half of black children will lose regular contact with their
fathers.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40488 Blake,
Judith. Number of siblings, family background, and the
process of educational attainment. Social Biology, Vol. 33, No.
1-2, Spring-Summer 1986. 5-21 pp. Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
"This
paper concentrates on the number of siblings in the family, and
addresses two principal questions concerning the relation of sibship
size to educational outcomes. First, controlling for family background
characteristics, does sibship size affect men's educational attainment
and, if so, where in the educational process is this effect most
evident? Second, among family variables, what is the relative
importance of sibship size compared to the father's education, the
father's socioeconomic status, farm background, and a broken family?
Research was based on probability samples of 57,000 white men in the
United States."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:40489 Blayo,
Chantal. The French family since 1946. [La
constitution de la famille en France depuis 1946.] Population, Vol. 41,
No. 4-5, Jul-Oct 1986. 721-47 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in
Eng; Spa.
Trends in family characteristics in France since 1946 are
described. The author notes that "earlier marriages of women during
the fifties and sixties, more frequent first births, less frequent and
more closely spaced births of third and higher orders, not only
concealed the tendency toward a reduction in family size, but
contributed to a misleading rise in annual total fertility rates. When
the rates of first and second births stopped rising, the gradual
disappearance of larger families was no longer compensated and there
was a sharp fall in rates, accentuated after 1970 by a decrease in the
rate of first births and an increase in the interval between successive
births. These postponed births finally occurred between 1976 and
1980."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40490 Brazzell,
Jan F. Occupational modernity and family size limitation
among married women in Costa Rica, Colombia, and Peru, circa 1976.
Pub. Order No. DA8426639. 1984. 141 pp. University Microfilms
International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
This study explores the
hypothesis that "participating in more modern occupations motivates
women to restrict family size...and that this increased motivation is
accompanied by deliberate behavioral steps aimed at such. Speculations
that the micro-level relationship between occupational modernity and
family size limitation is conditioned by national family planning
program efforts and urban-rural setting" are also examined.
"An
identical structural model (relating occupational modernity to
contraceptive use-efficiency, via the number of additional children
desired) was estimated for urban and rural samples of married (or
consensually united) women in Costa Rica, Colombia, and Peru, using
World Fertility Survey data. Results indicated that...while
occupational modernity was constrained by previous childbearing among
the urban women, it was only weakly, if at all, related to desires for
additional children, irrespective of urban-rural setting and national
family planning program efforts."
This work was prepared as a
doctoral dissertation at Indiana University.
Source:
Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social
Sciences 45(9).
52:40491 Clarke,
Martin. Demographic processes and household dynamics: a
microsimulation approach. In: Population structures and models:
developments in spatial demography, edited by Robert Woods and Philip
Rees. ISBN 0-04-301200-0. LC 85-30642. 1986. 245-72 pp. George Allen
and Unwin: Boston, Massachusetts/London, England. In Eng.
"This
chapter addresses the problem of modelling household dynamics and
producing regional forecasts of the number of different types of
households over medium-term time spans (5-10 years) using
microsimulation methods." The author describes a method for generating
samples of individual and household data synthetically and applies the
method to two populations in England. In his presentation of a
micro-simulation model of household dynamics, the author describes the
model specifications for death, fertility, marriage, divorce,
migration, retirement, leaving home, and aging.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40492 Cutright,
Phillips; Smith, Herbert L. Declining family size and the
number of children in poor families in the United States:
1964-1983. Social Science Research, Vol. 15, No. 3, Sep 1986.
256-68 pp. Duluth, Minnesota. In Eng.
Changes in the number of
children in poor black and white U.S. families with male or female
family heads are examined for the periods 1964-1973, 1973-1978, and
1978-1983 using data from official and other sources. All periods show
declining family size in all four family types. The authors note that
"sizable declines in the number of poor children stemming from further
declines in family size are unlikely, but possible changes in fiscal
policies that affect marriage and family building by husband-wife
couples might reverse policies that may have tended to increase the
number of poor children in America in recent
decades."
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
52:40493 Eglite, P.
A. Peculiarities of reproductive behavior under conditions
of high activity outside the family. [Osobennosti reproduktivnogo
povedeniya v usloviyakh vysokoi vnesemeinoi aktivnosti naseleniya.]
Sotsiologischeskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 12, No. 4, Oct-Dec 1985. 59-65
pp. Moscow, USSR. In Rus. with sum. in Eng.
The attitudes of men
and women of varying ages and educational status in Riga and other
Latvian towns in the USSR toward family life and reproduction are
explored. The results show that although women of higher educational
status desire families of two or three children, they often cannot
realize a family that large because of the constraints imposed by their
professional lives. The possibility of developing opportunities for
the part-time employment of women in order to help women achieve their
reproductive goals is considered.
Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
52:40494 Hamalainen,
Juha. What children mean to their parents: a qualitative
approach. Yearbook of Population Research in Finland, Vol. 24,
1986. 43-53 pp. Helsinki, Finland. In Eng.
The author explores the
meaning of children to their parents using data from free group
interviews with 40 randomly selected Finnish couples with a baby aged
3-5 months (half of these couples had no other children). The
theoretical background of the study and the validity of the data are
briefly discussed. The aim of the study is to foster an understanding
of "parenthood, values, experiences and meanings connected to having
children. This in turn creates conditions for an ever deeper and more
appropriate population policy and counseling services dealing with
problems with the birth rate."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:40495 Haskey,
John. One-parent families in Great Britain.
Population Trends, No. 45, Autumn 1986. 5-13 pp. London, England. In
Eng.
"This article examines various sources of information on
one-parent families in Great Britain in order to estimate their number
and characteristics. Evidence suggests that in 1984, the latest year
for which statistics are available, there were approximately 940
thousand one-parent families in Great Britain. An estimate of 940
thousand one-parent families implies that just over one in 8 of all
families with dependent children is a one-parent family and that there
are approximately 1-1/2 million dependent children in one-parent
families. The number of one-parent families rose by 100 thousand
between 1979 and 1984, representing an increase of 12 per cent; the
rate of increase in numbers may have declined in recent
years."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40496 Heer, David
M. Effect of number, order, and spacing of siblings on
child and adult outcomes: an overview of current research. Social
Biology, Vol. 33, No. 1-2, Spring-Summer 1986. 1-4 pp. Madison,
Wisconsin. In Eng.
The author outlines two areas of inadequacy in
recent research on the effects of number and spacing of siblings on the
outcome for each child. "The first of these is that research has been
conducted by scholars in different fields between which there have been
substantial communications barriers. The second is that research has
been performed on data sets gathered for other purposes which do not
contain sufficient information, particularly concerning the IQ of the
parents and the spacing between siblings."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40497 Hofferth,
Sandra L. Response to a comment by Bumpass on "updating
children's life course". Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol.
48, No. 3, Aug 1986. 680-2 pp. Saint Paul, Minnesota. In Eng.
This
is a response to a comment by Larry Bumpass on the author's 1985
article concerning the proportion of children in the United States who
spend time in a one-parent family. The author compares her analysis
and results with those of Bumpass and discusses procedural differences
in projecting the experiences of children born in 1980. Areas for
future work are suggested.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:40498 Immerwahr,
George; Maier, Anthony. Family size preferences and
contraception in Syria. Population Bulletin of ESCWA, No. 28, Jun
1986. 69-90 pp. Baghdad, Iraq. In Eng.
"Data of the Syria Fertility
Survey, a part of the World Fertility Survey, are used to ascertain the
relation of background characteristics of Syrian women to their
preferred number of children, their desire to stop child-bearing and
the extent to which this desire is implemented by the use of
contraception."
The authors find desired family size "to be well
below actual completed fertility, particularly in the urban sector and
among women with some schooling. There is evidence that fertility
decline is already under way among urban women, and the spread of
education and other forms of modernization suggest the likelihood of a
steady decline of fertility in coming decades in the country as a
whole."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40499
Isiugo-Abanihe, Uche C. Child fostering and high
fertility interrelationships in West Africa. In: The economic
demography of mass poverty, edited by Berhanu Abegaz. Studies in Third
World Societies, No. 29, LC 85-073339. Sep 1986. 73-100 pp. College of
William and Mary, Department of Anthropology: Williamsburg, Virginia.
In Eng.
The author "examines the complex interrelationships between
socio-cultural and demographic events that arise from the prevalent
practice of child fostering in West Africa. Using data primarily from
Ghana (1971) and Nigeria (1973), he underscores the economic importance
of child circulation [within] the kinship system and its consequences
for fertility. The statistical analyses reveal a positive association
between fertility and the practice of fostering-out
children...."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40500
Izdebska-Sedzimir, Jadwiga. Households and
families. [Gospodarstwa domowe i rodziny.] Wiadomosci
Statystyczne, Vol. 31, No. 3, Mar 1986. 6-9 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol.
Changes in families and households in Poland since the 1978 census
are examined using data from the 1985 micro-census. Consideration is
given to changes in family size. The data are presented separately for
rural and urban areas.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:40501 Kazi,
Shahnaz; Sathar, Zeba A. Differences in household
characteristics by income distribution in Pakistan. Pakistan
Development Review, Vol. 24, No. 3-4, Autumn-Winter 1985. 657-69 pp.
Islamabad, Pakistan. In Eng.
The authors examine household
characteristics by income distribution in Pakistan using data from the
1979 Population, Labour Force and Migration (PLM) Survey. Tabular
data, organized by measures of income and expenditure, are presented on
average household size, dependency ratios, average number of children
and average number of adults, proportion of female household members,
labor force participation rates for various ages, and occupational
status of heads of households.
The authors conclude that "the
findings for Pakistan generally are in consonance with those for other
Third World countries and confirm that certain characteristics are
associated with poverty." Comments by Karol J. Krotki are also
included (pp. 668-9).
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:40502 Kiernan,
Kathleen. Leaving home: living arrangements of young
people in six West-European countries. European Journal of
Population/Revue Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 2, No. 2, Oct 1986.
177-84 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"The
timing with which young people leave their parents' home is a critical
element in household formation rates. Direct data on this transition
are scarce. Information on the current living arrangements of 16-24
year-olds collected in a 1982 EEC [European Economic Community] Survey
provides some insights. The data suggest quite large cross-national
variations in the timing of leaving home and particularly marked
differences in the living arrangements of young people. Reasons for
the variation, particularly housing-market differences, are
postulated." The data concern Denmark, France, Ireland, the
Netherlands, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the United
Kingdom.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40503 Leaune,
Viviane; Le Bourdais, Celine. The evolution of female
single parent families in various regions of Quebec, 1971-1981.
[L'evolution de la monoparentalite feminine dans differentes regions du
Quebec, 1971-1981.] Cahiers Quebecois de Demographie, Vol. 14, No. 2,
Oct 1985. 185-207 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
Developments concerning single-parent, female-headed households in
Quebec are analyzed. The authors note that in contrast to past
experience, "the new single parent family is in most cases the result
of a voluntary disruption of the household, or of a birth outside
marriage; its head is mostly--and increasingly--the mother; and it
concerns an increasingly younger population, among parents as well as
children." Differences among metropolitan regions are analyzed with
regard to labor force participation, income, and housing
conditions.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40504 Lesthaeghe,
R.; Meekers, D. Value changes and the dimensions of
familism in the EEC. IPD Working Paper, No. 1986-7, 1986. 31 pp.
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Interuniversity Programme in Demography:
Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
"The objective of this paper is to
explore how religious, moral and political dimensions have continued to
shape the components of familism among the generations that currently
constitute the adult [European Economic Community] EEC-population, and
to produce elements that are complementary to those produced by
economic theory and which may alter predictions of future
trends."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40505 Levy,
Michel L. Birth order, family size, and the probability of
having more children. [Rang des enfants, taille des familles et
probabilite d'agrandissement.] Population et Societes, No. 206, Oct
1986. 1-3 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The author examines the uses
of measures of birth order and parity and their relationship to family
size using recent data for France. The focus is on changes in these
factors since 1931.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:40506 Louvot,
Claudie. The number of households is growing faster than
the population. [Le nombre de menages croit plus vite que la
population.] Economie et Statistique, No. 190, Jul-Aug 1986. 29-40, 87,
89 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
Future trends
in households in France are examined using official data. The author
notes that "the number of households will probably increase by about
20% between 1982 and 2000. Their size will be more limited. Although
young people are leaving home later, increasing numbers of people will
be living alone and generational cohabitation will be increasingly
rare." The author also suggests that the trend toward the breakup of
households will probably decline. The result of these trends will lead
to an increase in the number of households up to approximately the year
1993.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40507 Luscher,
Kurt; Wehrspaun, Michael. Family and time. [Familie
und Zeit.] Zeitschrift fur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 12, No. 2,
1986. 239-56 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger. with
sum. in Eng; Fre.
The author considers the significance of the time
factor in sociological analyses of family behavior and in family
biographies. Four time concepts are identified: event time, experience
time, time consciousness, and social time. Phases of a family
biography are delineated as constitution, consolidation, dissolution,
and transcendence. The emphasis is on the theory of family
sociology.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40508
Munoz-Perez, Francisco. Recent changes in West
European fertility and new trends in family formation.
[Changements recents de la fecondite en Europe occidentale et nouveaux
traits de la formation des familles.] Population, Vol. 41, No. 3,
May-Jun 1986. 447-62 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
Data from a number of recent sample surveys, undertaken in the
developed countries of Western Europe, are used to show that changes in
fertility over the past 15 years have resulted in new trends in family
structure. "These include: an increase in the proportion of childless
women, postponement of the first birth, a slightly smaller proportion
of women going on to have a second birth, and the continuation of a
decline in the number of large families at an increasing rate. These
trends, which are obscure at present, are likely to become more obvious
in the younger cohorts, in which the proportion of illegitimate births
is also likely to increase."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:40509 Myhrman,
Antero. Sex of previous children and desireability of the
next child: a follow-up study of unwanted children. Yearbook of
Population Research in Finland, Vol. 24, 1986. 54-9 pp. Helsinki,
Finland. In Eng.
The author focuses on the significance of family
sex composition as a determinant of family size, utilizing and updating
findings from a 1980 study conducted in Finland. "The main purpose of
this study is to compare the families with children of one sex who
wanted an additional child with matched families who did not want the
child and to assess the possible effects on the child." The study
group consists of 59 Finnish families with two to four children of one
sex, 20 of whom had an additional unwanted child and 39 of whom had an
additional wanted child. The study group and a control group were
surveyed during pregnancy and eight years later. The results are
analyzed to determine the desirability of the additional child in
families of different sex compositions.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:40510 Norris, P.;
Dewdney, J. C.; Townsend, A. R. Demographic and social
change in the Durham coalfield. IV. Household size and structure,
1851-1881. Census Research Unit Working Paper, No. 27, Jun 1986.
ix, 153 pp. University of Durham, Department of Geography, Census
Research Unit: Durham, England. In Eng.
This is the fourth paper in
a series concerned with demographic and social change in the Durham
coalfield region of England. "This study is concerned with the nature
of family and household structure on the Durham coalfield in the middle
and later part of the nineteenth century. It focuses particularly on
the household--the co-resident domestic group--and on the incidence of
relatives of the household head, of servants and of lodgers in the
household. A secondary and related purpose of the study is to examine
household and family size."
For previous papers in this series,
published in 1983 and 1984, see 51:20051, 51:20523, and 51:20591.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40511 Ordonez,
Myriam. Rural population and the family in Colombia.
[Poblacion y familia rural en Colombia.] 1986. 179 pp. Pontificia
Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios,
Programa de Poblacion: Bogota, Colombia. In Spa.
Demographic
characteristics of the rural population of Colombia for the period
1951-1980 are described, with a focus on characteristics of the female
population and on the behavior and structure of the family unit.
Chapters are included on regionalization, spatial distribution, the
structure and composition of the rural population, mortality,
fertility, nuptiality, migration, and the family. Data are from
population and farming censuses and from national housing
studies.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40512
Pejaranonda, Chintana; Santipaporn, Sureerat. 1980
population and housing census. Subject report No. 6. Household
structure and factor affecting size of household. Pub. Order No.
N-Rep-No. 4-85. [1985?]. 29, 32 pp. National Statistical Office:
Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng; Tha.
This is the sixth in a series of
reports presenting analyses of the data from the 1980 census of
Thailand. It is concerned with factors affecting household size and
structure. In particular, the authors investigate differences in
household size and structure among Bangkok, other urban centers, and
rural areas.
"An assessment of differentials in household size and
structure will be made by examining average household size,
distribution of households by size-class, and various components of
household size (i.e., nuclear members, extended relations, and
non-related individuals). Finally, this research will investigate the
relationship between the social, economic and demographic factors on
household size and will show the characteristics of head of
household."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40513 Peron,
Yves; Lapierre-Adamcyk, Evelyne; Morissette, Denis.
Departure of children and contraction of the family as observed in
the 1971 and 1981 Canadian censuses. [Depart des enfants et
contraction des familles d'apres les recensements canadiens de 1971 et
de 1981.] European Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne de
Demographie, Vol. 2, No. 2, Oct 1986. 155-75 pp. Amsterdam,
Netherlands. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
An analysis of data from the
1971 and 1981 Canadian censuses is presented concerning children
leaving home. "It is estimated that the timing of children's departure
from their family of origin was almost the same in 1981 as in 1971;
median age at departure was identical: 20.5 for women and 22.3 for
men. Broken families, more numerous than in the past, become
contracted earlier than unbroken families; among unbroken families, the
contraction phase started earlier in 1981 than in 1971 among large or
medium-sized families while it began later among small
families."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40514 Prakasam,
C. P.; Upadhyay, R. B. Socio-economic variables
influencing mean age at marriage in Karnataka and Kerala.
Janasamkhya, Vol. 3, No. 1-2, Jun-Dec 1985. 81-90 pp. Kariavattom,
India. In Eng.
"In this paper an attempt was made to study the
influence of certain socio-economic variables on the male and the
female age at marriage in Karnataka and Kerala [India] for the year
1971. Step-wise regression method has been used to select the
predictor variables influencing mean age at marriage. The results
reveal that percent female literate...and percent female in labour
force...are found to influence female mean age at marriage in Kerala,
while the variables for Karnataka were percent female literate...,
percent male literate..., and percent urban male
population...."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:40515 Rallu,
Jean-Louis. Projections of family size to January 1, 1990
and January 1, 1995. [Projection des familles aux 1.1.1990 et
1.1.1995.] Population, Vol. 41, No. 3, May-Jun 1986. 511-32 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Two projections of family
size, based on the assumption of a total fertility of 1.8 and 2.1
children per woman, and on given marriage dissolution rates were
computed from [official French] statistics of legitimate and
illegitimate births by birth order during the past few years, and from
a similar projection of births." The impact of changes in nuptiality,
including increased levels of divorce, cohabitation, and illegitimacy,
is considered.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:40516 Ruggles,
Steven. Availability of kin and the demography of
historical family structure. Historical Methods, Vol. 19, No. 3,
Summer 1986. 93-102 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author
"proposes a strategy for estimating the influence of demographic
factors on the frequency of extended families and applies this strategy
to the demographic experience of the West during the past two
centuries." A simulation model, previously developed by the author, is
used to estimate the availability of kin under certain demographic
conditions and to calculate residential propensities. A standard
propensities approach to analyzing the interaction of demography and
family structure is described. The geographic focus is on the United
States and England.
The author concludes that "the demographic
conditions prevailing since the end of the nineteenth century have been
highly favorable to the formation of extended families. By contrast,
the frequency of available extended kin was substantially lower in
pre-industrial England. We may be fairly confident that demographic
change was a necessary condition for the rise of the extended family in
the nineteenth century."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:40517 Sarma, R.
S. S. Projection of the number of households for Egypt,
1985-2000. In: Studies in African and Asian demography: CDC
annual seminar, 1985. CDC Research Monograph Series, No. 15, 1986.
83-103 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
"The
objective of the present study is to make projections of households,
headed by males and females of different age groups, up to [the] year
2000 for Egypt. For this purpose headship rates available in a
fragmented manner are brought together to construct a set of age-sex
specific headship rates applicable to the country around the 1976
census. Use is also made of the information on size, composition and
type of households obtained in the 1960 and 1976 censuses of
Egypt."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40518 Sharma, H.
L. Some probability models for ascertainment of families
in segregation analysis. Janasamkhya, Vol. 3, No. 1-2, Jun-Dec
1985. 97-102 pp. Kariavattom, India. In Eng.
The author suggests
some probability models for the distribution of number of boys in a
family and assesses the suitability of these models using previously
published data. "Also, the correlation coefficient between the number
of boys and girls in a family for the same data has been determined in
the case of each model."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:40519 Taubman,
Paul; Behrman, Jere R. Effect of number and position of
siblings on child and adult outcomes. Social Biology, Vol. 33, No.
1-2, Spring-Summer 1986. 22-34 pp. Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
"In
this paper we consider how family size and birth order may affect
educational attainment and earnings. Family size may be important
because if more children have to share parental financial, emotional,
and time resources, each child may get less. Birth order may be
important because of differences in endowments, parental resources over
the life cycle, or parental preferences. We demonstrate how these
different factors interact in a particular model."
Even with
controls for parental age, income, education, and father's religion,
the authors find both birth-order and family-size effects on schooling.
"These effects are bigger for daughters than sons. Using the same
controls, we do not find statistically significant family-size or
birth-order effects for the 1n of earnings in a relatively young
sample. We also present equations for how college was financed.
Family size cuts down parental contribution per child and encourages
working, scholarship, and loans. Results differ somewhat for sons and
daughters."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40520 USSR.
Tsentral'noe Statisticheskoe Upravlenie (Moscow, USSR).
Data from a special survey on young families. [Materialy
edinovremennogo vyborochnogo obsledovaniya molodykh semei.] Vestnik
Statistiki, No. 4, 1986. 58-61 pp. Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
Data from
a survey conducted in the USSR at the end of 1984 involving
approximately 48,500 young families are presented. The results show
that over 40 percent of such families live with their parents; in 90
percent of families both spouses work; 80 percent have at least one
child; and 60 percent have received assistance from their
parents.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40521 Vasilev,
Dimitar. The orientation toward the two-child family in
Bulgaria. [Orientatsiyata kam dvudetniya model na semeistvoto u
nas.] Naselenie, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1986. 67-82 pp. Sofia, Bulgaria. In
Bul. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The author describes the process that
has taken place in Bulgaria involving a general trend toward the
establishment of a two-child family norm. He indicates that the
process of demographic transition has been similar to that experienced
by most other countries. Results of recent research into desired
fertility and ideal family size are reviewed.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40522 Vavrovsky,
Frantisek. Note on concepts of the household adopted in
the CSSR. [Poznamka k pojmum domacnosti zavedenym v praxi v CSSR.]
Demografie, Vol. 28, No. 3, 1986. 225-9 pp. Prague, Czechoslovakia. In
Cze.
Some recent changes in the definition of the concept of the
household adopted in Czechoslovakia are
described.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40523 Waite,
Linda J.; Goldscheider, Frances K.; Witsberger, Christina.
Nonfamily living and the erosion of traditional family orientations
among young adults. American Sociological Review, Vol. 51, No. 4,
Aug 1986. 541-54 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Young adults in
recent cohorts have been leaving the parental home earlier and marrying
later now than they did several decades ago, resulting in an increased
period of independent living. This paper explores the consequences of
time spent in non-family living, using data from the [U.S.] National
Longitudinal Surveys of Young Men and Young Women. We expect that
experience in living away from home prior to marriage will cause young
adults to change their attitudes, values, plans, and expectations, and
move them away from a traditional family orientation."
The authors
find evidence to support this hypothesis in the case of young women.
"Those who lived independently became more likely to plan for
employment, lowered their expected family size, became more accepting
of employment of mothers, and more non-traditional on sex roles in the
family than those who lived with their parents. Non-family living had
much weaker effects on young men in the few tests that we could perform
for them. The paper also addresses the conditions under which living
away increases individualism, and it discusses the implications of
these findings."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:40524 Wingen,
Max. On the socioeconomic situation of families today:
data and problems. [Zur sozialokonomischen Lage von Familien
heute--Daten und Probleme.] Zeitschrift fur Bevolkerungswissenschaft,
Vol. 12, No. 2, 1986. 221-37 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic
of. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
The author considers the
socioeconomic status of young families in the Federal Republic of
Germany and gives particular attention to the constraints that
socioeconomic factors may exercise on the success of certain family
policies. Family income and expenditures and the notion of the
opportunity cost of children are discussed.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40525 Zeng,
Yi. Fertility and household dynamics in China. IPD
Working Paper, No. 1986-6, 1986. 77 pp. Vrije Universiteit Brussel,
Interuniversity Programme in Demography: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
An analysis of cross-sectional data concerning trends in family
size and structure and their determinants in China is presented. The
author describes an extension of the nuclear family status life table
model developed by Bongaarts that gives "the proportions of [a] Chinese
female's expected lifetime spent in different marital, parity, [and]
maternal status and the average duration of being a mother, being a
daughter and being responsible to elderly parent(s) and young children.
It also gives the distribution of family by size, number of
generations in the family and marital status of the female
members."
The results show that one impact of rapid fertility
decline is to reduce the number of nuclear families as there are many
fewer children for those parents who wish to live with their married
children. The various factors affecting levels of coresidence are
analyzed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:40526 Zoughlami,
Younes; Allsopp, Diana. The demographic characteristics of
household populations. WFS Comparative Studies: Cross-National
Summaries, Rev. ed. No. 45, Dec 1985. 82 pp. International Statistical
Institute [ISI]: Voorburg, Netherlands; World Fertility Survey [WFS]:
London, England. In Eng.
"This comparative study on the
characteristics of household populations draws on the data of 25
surveys [of the World Fertility Survey], 5 of which were carried out in
Africa, 12 in Asia and the Pacific and 8 in Latin America and the
Caribbean." Attention is given to the distribution of household
populations by age and sex, nuptiality patterns, educational
attainment, and characteristics of households and heads of households.
Detailed tables are included in an appendix.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
