52:30451 Aromaa,
Kauko; Cantell, Ilkka; Jaakkola, Risto. Cohabitation in
Finland in the 1970s. Oikeuspoliittisen Tutkimuslaitoksen
Julkaisuja, No. 63, ISBN 951-704-089-X. 1983. 78 pp. Research Institute
of Legal Policy: Helsinki, Finland. In Eng.
This is the
English-language version of a collection of three papers concerning
cohabitation in Finland, previously published in Finnish. The papers
deal with a 1978 survey concerning nonmarital cohabitation in Finland,
a case study of Finnish cohabiting families in the late 1970s, and how
cohabitation became popular in Finland during the
1970s.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30452
Audinarayana, N. Inter-relationship between
socio-economic variables and age at marriage. Journal of Family
Welfare, Vol. 31, No. 4, Jun 1985. 39-45 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
An attempt is made to analyze the socioeconomic and demographic
factors affecting age at marriage for both males and females in India
using official data for 1981 and methods developed by Hajnal. The
results indicate the impact of literacy and employment in the
nonagricultural labor force on marriage age. Urbanization and higher
incomes are also associated with higher ages at
marriage.
Location: Columbia University, CPFH Library, New
York, N.Y.
52:30453 Behar,
Cem. Nuptiality and marriage patterns in Istanbul
(1883-1940). Arastirma Raporu/Research Papers, No. 85/04, [1985?].
21, [11] pp. Bogazici Universitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu:
Istanbul, Turkey. In Eng.
The author examines marriage patterns in
Istanbul, Turkey, from 1883 to 1940 using a five percent sample from
the 1883 and 1905 censuses and the marriage record from 1905 to 1940.
Among the topics discussed are the legal status of marriage and
marriage recording, marital status in the censuses, marriage age,
remarriage patterns, and polygyny and demographic characteristics of
polygynous marriages.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:30454 Billy, John
O. G.; Landale, Nancy S.; McLaughlin, Steven D. The effect
of marital status at first birth on marital dissolution among
adolescent mothers. Demography, Vol. 23, No. 3, Aug 1986. 329-49
pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The effect of the sequencing of
marriage and first birth on marital dissolution among adolescent
mothers [in the United States] is investigated. We compare three
groups who had a first live birth before age 20: those married before
becoming pregnant, those married between conception and birth, and
those who did not marry before the birth." Data are from Cycle III of
the National Survey of Family Growth and were collected in
1982-1983.
"The analysis demonstrates that teenage mothers are less
likely to experience a separation if they marry before rather than
after the birth. Among those marrying before the birth, there is
little difference between those who marry before or after becoming
pregnant. The effects of marital status at first birth are shown to
vary by race, marital duration, and historical
time."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30455
Bourguignon, Odile; Rallu, Jean-Louis; Thery, Irene.
Concerning divorce and children. [Du divorce et des enfants.]
INED Travaux et Documents Cahier, No. 111, ISBN 2-7332-0111-5. 1985.
viii, 247 pp. Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques [INED]: Paris,
France; Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
This study is concerned with the impact of divorce on children in
France. The first part consists of an estimate of the current level of
divorce in France and of the number of children concerned. The legal
and judicial system concerned with divorce is then described, and the
ways it attempts to safeguard the interests of the child are reviewed.
Next, a summary of recent research concerning the psychological effects
of divorce on children is presented. Finally, the authors discuss the
results of a survey of adolescents in the Paris region concerning the
experience of their parents' divorce.
Location: New York
Public Library.
52:30456 Braun,
Werner. Divorces, 1984. [Ehescheidungen 1984.]
Wirtschaft und Statistik, No. 3, Mar 1986. 186-91 pp. Wiesbaden,
Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger.
Information is presented on
divorces in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1984. The data are from
official sources, and some comparative statistics for earlier years are
also provided. Special attention is given to the frequency of divorce
according to duration of marriage, as well as marriages and divorces
according to the age difference between spouses.
Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
52:30457 Chauvire,
Yvan. Number and size of households in France: geographic
differences and trends from 1962 to 1982. [Nombre et taille des
menages en France: disparites geographiques et evolution de 1962 a
1982.] Espace, Populations, Societes, No. 2, 1986. 12, 99-106 pp.
Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"From 1962 up
to 1982, the total number of households has strongly increased in
France. The spatial distribution of the various household sizes--one
person households are increasing and large ones decreasing--is quite
different in French regions. As a result of these trends, while the
average household size has been reduced in every department, the
regional characteristics existing in 1962 have not totally disappeared
in 1982."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30458 Courgeau,
Daniel; Lelievre, Eva. Nuptiality and agriculture.
[Nuptialite et agriculture.] Population, Vol. 41, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1986.
303-26 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"This
paper offers a longitudinal analysis of the relationship between
marriage and leaving the agricultural sector [in France], using data
published by INED [Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques] in its
biographical survey of family, work and migration. The strategies of
the two sexes seem to differ: whereas leaving agriculture has no
influence upon a woman's chances of marriage, marriage within this
sector confines her to the land. Men's chances of marriage, however,
are doubled if they leave the agricultural sector. Yet their marital
status scarcely influences their decision to leave agriculture. Various
characteristics of these individuals are presented to illustrate these
strategies."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30459 de
Oliveira, Maria C. F. A. Marriage and survival strategies
of working class families in the agricultural system of Sao Paulo.
[O casamento e as estrategias de sobrevivencia da familia operaria na
agricultura paulista.] Revista Brasileira de Estudos de Populacao, Vol.
2, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1985. 105-43 pp. Sao Paulo, Brazil. In Por. with sum.
in Eng.
Marriage patterns among the agricultural population of Sao
Paulo State, Brazil, are analyzed based on interviews with a number of
individuals in the region. The impact of current changes in the
region's agricultural system on marriage among lower class women is
noted.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30460
Desplanques, Guy; de Saboulin, Michel. Marriage
and first child: a bond that is loosening. [Mariage et premier
enfant: un lien qui se defait.] Economie et Statistique, No. 187, Apr
1986. 31-45, 73, 75 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
Changes in the relationship over time between marriage and the
first child in France are explored. The author first notes that, in
the 1970s, the growing practice of modern contraceptive methods led to
a decrease in the rate of conceptions outside marriage. However, since
1978, a new increase in ex-nuptial conceptions has occurred, many more
of which result in births outside marriage. The links between first
births and marriage have also loosened within marriage, as births are
now almost as frequent in the two or three years following marriage as
in the first year. Differences by socioeconomic and educational status
are analyzed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30461 Farago,
Tamas. Marriage, family, household, and working
organization in traditional village craftsmanship (Pilis-Buda region,
1724-1779). [Hazassag, csalad, haztartas es munkaszervezet a
hagyomanyos falusi kezmuvessegben (Pilis-Budakornyek, 1724-1779).]
Nepessegtudomanyi Kutato Intezet Torteneti Demografiai Fuzetei, No. 2,
1985. 7-45, 98-9, 101-2 pp. Kozponti Statisztikai Hivatal,
Nepessegtudomanyi Kutato Intezetenek: Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with
sum. in Eng; Rus.
"The author examines three questions: the
marriage patterns of rural craftsmen, their living arrangements (family
and household structure) and their working organization, based on
sources of two Hungarian and two German villages of the Buda region [of
Hungary] in the 18th century." Three types of marriage patterns, three
categories of household structure, and three forms of work organization
are identified, and differences between the Hungarian and German
populations are noted.
It is concluded that "there were differences
in cultural norms and values between the Hungarian and German
communities, and even between the same ethnic groups which originated
from different places, that could have had an influence on living
arrangements, on the working organization and on attitudes towards
craftsmanship in general."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:30462 Filipov,
Dimitar. Multistate demographic marital life tables.
[Multistatusni demografski tablitsi za brachnost.] Naselenie, Vol. 3,
No. 4, 1985. 60-80 pp. Sofia, Bulgaria. In Bul. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The relevance of the multistate approach to the analysis of
nuptiality is considered. Multistate life tables of marriage are
constructed using official Bulgarian data for 1975. Four types of
marital status are considered, namely, unmarried, married, divorced,
and widowed. The probabilities of transition from one state to another
and of length of duration in a given state are
calculated.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30463 Ghosal, A.
K.; Sarkar, B. N. Social aspects of couple formation in
rural areas of West Bengal. DRU Publication, No. 83, Mar 1986. 25
pp. Indian Statistical Institute, Demography Research Unit: Calcutta,
India. In Eng.
"Marriage patterns of persons in rural West Bengal
[India] are being examined in this paper. Two populations living in
rural areas around Calcutta and those in rural areas of Murshidabad,
Nadia and Birbhum have been selected for the study." Data are from
household surveys conducted in 1978 and 1980. Particular consideration
is given to husband-wife comparisons in terms of education, occupation,
and caste or religion.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:30464
Goldscheider, Frances K.; Waite, Linda J. Sex
differences in the entry into marriage. American Journal of
Sociology, Vol. 92, No. 1, Jul 1986. 91-109 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In
Eng.
The authors assess sex differences in entry into marriage in
the United States using data collected during the period 1966-1980.
"This paper uses data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young
Women and Young Men to examine the transition to marriage and how it
differs by sex, testing the extent of variation in the desirability of
marriage for men and women, and the effects of marriage market factors
and marital and nonmarital roles. The design of the analysis allows
the effects of these factors to vary over the young adult years. The
pattern of findings suggests that recent declines in the marriage rate
have not resulted from increased barriers to marriage but from declines
in relative preferences for marriage."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPIA).
52:30465 Han,
Changxian. An analysis of marriage in Zhejiang
province. Renkou Yanjiu, No. 3, May 29, 1985. 30-3 pp. Beijing,
China. In Chi.
Marriage patterns in the province of Zhejiang
province, China, are analyzed using data from the 1982 census and a
1-in-1,000 sample survey. Separate consideration is given to the
characteristics of the unmarried, marriage age, widowhood, divorce, and
remarriage.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30466 Haskey,
John. Recent trends in divorce in England and Wales: the
effects of legislative changes. Population Trends, No. 44, Summer
1986. 9-16 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The author examines
demographic characteristics of couples seeking divorce in England and
Wales during the years 1984-1985, following the enactment of several
modifications to the divorce law. "One of these changes enabled
couples to petition for divorce after having been married for only one
year, instead of three....There followed a temporary surge in the
number of divorces and a fall in the average duration of the marriages
dissolved. Younger husbands and wives accounted for much of the
immediate increase in the number of divorces, as did couples having no
dependent children....Couples in which one or both partners had been
married before accounted for about half the rise in the number of
divorces between 1984 and 1985."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:30467 Haskey,
John C. Secular changes in divorce in England and Wales by
class of decree--a socio-legal analysis. Biology and Society, Vol.
3, No. 2, Jun 1986. 62-73 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The author
describes changes in divorce law in England and Wales during the
twentieth century, focusing primarily on the enlargement of the
statutory grounds for divorce. "This paper traces such developments in
order to gauge the changes which have taken place in attitudes to
divorce, so providing the necessary background for interpreting the
main demographic trends in divorce: the long-term increase in level
and the changing patterns of petitioning--by grounds and by which
partner initiates proceedings."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:30468 Heilig,
Gerhard. The propensity to marry of single women in the
Federal Republic of Germany: 1950-1984. A quantitative analysis using
simplified period and cohort-specific nuptiality tables. [Die
Heiratsneigung lediger Frauen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland:
1950-1984. Eine quantitative Analyse mit Hilfe vereinfachter,
perioden- und kohortenspezifischer Heiratstafeln.] Zeitschrift fur
Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 11, No. 4, 1985. 519-47 pp. Wiesbaden,
Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
This
"paper deals with the rapidly decreasing first marriage rates of
females [in the Federal Republic of Germany] during the late 1970s and
early 1980s. By using (simplified) period and cohort-specific
nuptiality tables it is demonstrated that between 1972 and 1983 the
probability of not (yet) getting married tripled for women up to 34
years of age. These changes in female first marriage behaviour came
about with the generations born since 1950."
The findings "seem to
be a challenge to the conventional school of thought according to which
marriage patterns are an intermediate variable or even a determinant of
fertility. In the Federal Republic of Germany, rapidly decreasing
first marriage rates seem to be rather a result of (very low) fertility
aspirations than their cause."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:30469 Hodge,
Robert W.; Ogawa, Naohiro. Arranged marriages, assortative
mating and achievement in Japan. NUPRI Research Paper Series, No.
27, Mar 1986. vi, 24 pp. Nihon University, Population Research
Institute: Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
The authors "examine three
different aspects of arranged marriage, using data from the 16th round
of the Mainichi Survey of Fertility and Family Planning conducted [in
Japan] in 1981. First, we analyze how the match between the
characteristics of spouses is influenced by type of marriage. Second,
we examine the occupational achievements of husbands and the fertility
achievements of wives in free market and arranged marriages. Third, we
make an analysis of patterns of continuing extended family control over
couples joined by arranged and free market marriages."
According to
the findings presented, "women in arranged marriages receive higher
returns on schooling with respect to occupational status and income
than do men in free market marriages. We have also found that although
women in arranged marriages not only have somewhat more children than
those in free market marriages, they reach their reproductive goals
more swiftly. In addition, this study has shown that arranged
marriages clearly contribute to the persistence of the extended family
through the institution of patrilocal residence."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30470 Hopflinger,
Francois. Changing marriage behaviour: some European
comparisons. Genus, Vol. 41, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1985. 41-64 pp.
Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ita.
"This paper analyses
the recent changes in marriage behaviour in Western Europe,
concentrating on four aspects: a) trends in first marriages, b)
nonmarital cohabitation, c) extra-marital fertility, and d) premarital
pregnancies." The results indicate a general decline in first
marriages, an increase in consensual unions, an increase in fertility
outside marriage, and, in many countries, fewer premarital conceptions
being legalized through marriage. The author suggests that these
trends indicate a decline in the importance of the legal aspects of
marriage rather than a change in pair bonding
values.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30471 Li,
Rongshi. An analysis of age at first marriage of China's
population. Population Research, Vol. 2, No. 4, Oct 1985. 27-34
pp. Beijing, China. In Eng.
An analysis of age at first marriage in
China is presented using 10 percent sample data from the 1982 census.
Consideration is given to differences in age at marriage by sex and by
province, municipality, and autonomous region. The factors affecting
age at marriage are analyzed, including urban residence, female
employment outside agriculture, illiteracy, economic output, and costs
of raising a family.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:30472
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (New York, New
York). Recent trends in marriage. Statistical
Bulletin, Vol. 67, No. 3, Jul-Sep 1986. 11-5 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
Recent trends in nuptiality in the United States are described
using data from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Data
are included on marriages by state and region for the years
1982-1985.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30473 Peters, H.
Elizabeth. Marriage and divorce: informational
constraints and private contracting. American Economic Review,
Vol. 76, No. 3, Jun 1986. 437-54 pp. Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
The relationship between divorce rates in the United States and
laws regulating divorce are analyzed using data from a special Current
Population Survey undertaken in 1979, with particular reference to the
adoption by many states of no-fault divorce laws. The author "utilizes
a contract-theoretic framework to examine the impact of both legal and
informational constraints on several aspects of the marriage
relationship: 1) the probability of divorce; 2) compensation at
divorce (i.e., the terms of the divorce settlement); 3) the probability
of entering marriage; and 4) incentives for investment in
marriage-specific capital."
Two different models are developed. The
first assumes that ex post information about the value of each spouse's
opportunites at divorce is symmetric, and that since divorce would only
occur if the joint benefits outweigh the joint costs, the law has no
effect on the divorce rate. The second model asserts that the
existence of asymmetric information results in a fixed wage marriage
contract and that divorce would be higher in states that allow
unilateral divorce. The evidence supports the first of these
hypotheses.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
52:30474 Pillai,
Vijayan K. Predicting age at first marriage: a review of
recent models. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 32, No. 1, Sep
1985. 41-9 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
A review of various
theoretical approaches toward the analysis of age at marriage is
presented. "The scope of this paper is confined to the multivariate
studies of female age at first marriage." The geographic focus is
worldwide, with emphasis on the United States.
Location:
Columbia University, CPFH Library, New York, N.Y.
52:30475 Preston,
Samuel H.; Strong, Michael A. Effects of mortality
declines on marriage patterns in developing countries. In:
Consequences of mortality trends and differentials. Population Studies,
No. 95; ST/ESA/SER.A/95, Pub. Order No. E.85.XIII.3. ISBN
92-1-151149-6. 1986. 88-100 pp. U.N. Department of International
Economic and Social Affairs: New York, New York. In Eng.
"The
purpose of this paper is to provide an initial assessment of the role
of mortality levels and change in both population and life cycle
marriage prevalence in developing countries....We will content
ourselves with examining census and survey data on marital
status...[and] will devote much of the paper to presenting some basic
formal considerations of mortality/nuptiality linkages. We use
explicitly throughout a two-sex model...."
The authors first
consider the case of a change in mortality that is uniform by age and
sex, then a decline in mortality that is uniform by sex but greater at
younger ages, a decline in mortality that is uniform by sex but greater
at older ages, and mortality declines that are concentrated among one
sex. Analyzing data for 34 developing countries, it is generally found
that "mortality decline will change availability conditions adversely
for females...[and] where marriage is decreasing in prevalence,
decreases will be smaller for males; where it is increasing, increases
will be larger for males." Variations in findings for countries in
Latin America, Asia, and Africa are noted.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30476 Tas, R. F.
J. Divorce in the Netherlands, 1960-1984.
[Echtscheidingen in Nederland, 1960-1984.] Maandstatistiek van de
Bevolking, Vol. 34, No. 6, Jun 1986. 29-40 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands.
In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
Divorce trends in the Netherlands between
1960 and 1984 are analyzed using official municipal data. The
frequency of divorce increased during this period from 22 to 99 per
10,000 married couples. The impact of changes in legislation on
divorce is noted.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:30477 Willems,
P.; Vanderhoeft, C. Cohabitation, marriage, and
divorce. [Samenwonen, huwen en scheiden.] Bevolking en Gezin, No.
3, Dec 1985. 271-310 pp. Brussels, Belgium. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
The probabilities of marriage or cohabitation in Belgium are
estimated using data from the NEGO IV survey carried out in 1982-1983.
"The effects of various covariates are measured by means of a modified
proportional hazards model (shifting the age range of the base line
hazard). The model is applied to data from the NEGO IV survey. It is
shown that both the probabilities and their relative differences depend
on birth cohort, education and degree of
secularisation."
Consideration is given to how a similar model could
be used to analyze how the probabilities of divorce vary with age at
marriage.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30478 Alachkar,
Ahmad; Sly, David F. The income, expenditures and net
expenditures of children in households in rural Syria. Center for
the Study of Population Working Paper, No. 87-31, [1986?]. 27 pp.
Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Center for the
Study of Population: Tallahassee, Florida. In Eng.
"In this paper
we employ a unique data set to investigate the relationship between the
number of children present in households and the volume of their income
and expenditures." The data concern 300 households in a rural village
in central Syria and were collected in 1980.
"The analysis shows
that as the number of children increases in households childrens'
contribution to total household income increases. Expenditures on
children, however, also increase with increasing numbers of children
and at a faster rate so that net expenditures on children increase as
the number of children increases. The relationships hold even after
the introduction of a number of control
variables."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30479 Barrett, J.
C. Measures of family size preferences. Journal of
Biosocial Science, Vol. 18, No. 3, Jul 1986. 357-70 pp. Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
"Estimates of preferred family sizes are derived
from those achieved at various durations of marriage, using a Monte
Carlo simulation model of reproductive histories, slightly modified in
its representation of breast-feeding. The method of estimation
consists in inverting the relationship between these two distributions
(wanted and achieved births) which form respectively an input to and an
output of the model."
Evidence is found of a growing preference for
families with two children among "cohorts married in England and Wales
in 1951, 1956, 1961, 1966 and 1971 for women's ages at marriage 20-24
and 25-29. Sensitivity to assumptions regarding contraceptive
effectiveness is tested, and ranges [are] established for estimates.
The evolution and stability of family size preferences are
discussed."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30480 Behrman,
Jere R.; Pollak, Robert A.; Taubman, Paul. Do parents
favor boys? International Economic Review, Vol. 27, No. 1, Feb
1986. 33-54 pp. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In Eng.
The authors
"undertake a theoretical and empirical analysis of the role of parental
preferences in general and unequal concern in particular in the
allocation of human capital investments among children." The model
presented, which is an extension of an earlier model developed by the
same authors, includes not only the child's expected earnings but also
the anticipated earnings of his or her spouse as determinants of
parental allocation of human capital investments among
children.
"Empirical estimates of the model based on new data for
adult siblings of mixed sex suggest that the model extensions are
significant and that U.S. parents favor girls in the sense of placing
greater preference weights on equal outcomes for girls than for
boys."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
52:30481 Burguiere,
Andre. Toward a typology of forms of household
organization in modern Europe (sixteenth to nineteenth centuries).
[Pour une typologie des formes d'organisation domestique de l'Europe
moderne (XVIe-XIXe siecles).] Annales: Economies, Societes,
Civilisations, Vol. 41, No. 3, May-Jun 1986. 639-55, 742-3 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The different models of family
organization existing in modern Europe from the sixteenth to nineteenth
centuries are identified and described. The author identifies three
family models that coexisted in both France and Europe as a whole: "(1)
the nuclear family based on late and 'neo-local' marriage, the
circulation of 'placed' children, (2) the stem family based on a
permanent household of business, the parents cohabiting with the chosen
heir, and (3) the multiple family which controlled the mobilization of
substantial family labor power in a business concern whose revenues
were directly generated by unpaid work."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30482 de
Saboulin, Michel. Geographic patterns of solitude in
France. [Aspects geographiques de la solitude en France.] Espace,
Populations, Societes, No. 2, 1986. 13, 117-23 pp. Villeneuve d'Ascq,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The geographic distribution of
people living on their own in France is described using official data,
including those from the 1982 census. An increasing tendency for
people to live alone is noted. "In 1982, half of them are 65 and over.
Solitude is frequent in big cities and in remote areas, but elderly
people rarely live alone in the South-West of
France."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30483 Dooghe,
G. The family in later life. [Het gezin op oudere
leeftijd.] Bevolking en Gezin, No. 3, Dec 1985. 229-52 pp. Brussels,
Belgium. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
The changing conditions
affecting the relationship between the elderly and their families in
the Netherlands are examined. The author notes that recent demographic
trends have resulted in more options for care and assistance to the
elderly. An increasing trend toward the elderly living alone and away
from their children is noted. An analysis of the frequency of
isolation of the elderly from their children is
included.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30484 Egger,
Marlene J.; Willigan, J. Dennis. An event-history analysis
of demographic change in Renaissance Florence. In: American
Statistical Association, 1984 proceedings of the Social Statistics
Section. [1984]. 615-20 pp. American Statistical Association:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Using a detailed tax survey carried out in
1427, the authors "explore household structure in Renaissance Florence,
and in particular, age configurations among kin....The theory of
household age configurations is extended...by utilizing age gaps, a
measure of the temporal spacing between surviving members of coresident
nuclear families."
After a description of the survey records and the
study population, the authors present "an analysis of sibling age gaps
using event history methods including Cox regression...." The authors
conclude that "the present study has established the age gap variable
as an interesting descriptor of household age configuration at a
specific point in time for historical demography research....This study
has also examined some of the strengths and limitations of
event-history analyses used on this variable."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30485 England,
Paula; Farkas, George. Households, employment, and gender:
a social, economic, and demographic view. ISBN 0-202-30322-5. LC
85-18628. 1986. ix, 237 pp. Aldine: New York, New York. In Eng.
"This is a book about changes and continuities in households, in
employment, and in gender differentiation since the 1950s." The
geographic focus is on the United States. Chapters are included on
household formation, marriage, and divorce; reproduction and production
in the household; and consumption, savings, and
retirement.
Location: New York Public Library.
52:30486 Gaspard,
Michel. French households in the year 2000. [Les
menages francais en l'an 2000.] Futuribles, No. 94, Dec 1985. 41-65 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre.
The implications of current population
projections for France for households in the year 2000 are analyzed.
Consideration is given to estimates of the total resident population,
age distribution, the number and characteristics of households, the
labor force and its components by occupation and social class, and
housing.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
52:30487 Gober,
P. Homogeneity versus heterogeneity in household
structure: the recent experience of twenty US cities. Environment
and Planning A, Vol. 18, No. 6, Jun 1986. 715-27 pp. London, England.
In Eng.
"This paper is an investigation of the variation in
household structure at the census tract level in twenty US cities
between 1970 and 1980. Results indicate that households were, in 1980,
more likely to reside in proximity to households with different
compositions. In 1980 the most genuinely diverse census tracts, in
terms of household composition, were in neighborhoods with recently
constructed, single-family housing."
Location: Princeton
University Library (UES).
52:30488 Goldman,
Noreen. Effects of mortality levels on kinship. In:
Consequences of mortality trends and differentials. Population Studies,
No. 95; ST/ESA/SER.A/95, Pub. Order No. E.85.XIII.3. ISBN
92-1-151149-6. 1986. 79-87 pp. U.N. Department of International
Economic and Social Affairs: New York, New York. In Eng.
The author
assesses the interaction of fertility and mortality in determining
average numbers of kin at various stages of the life cycle using
expressions developed by Goodman, Keyfitz, and Pullum. "The extent to
which recent declines in mortality and fertility affect numbers of kin
is explored with data from the Republic of Korea for the periods
1955-1959 and 1975-1979, an interval over which life expectancy rose by
about ten years and total fertility fell by almost half. Model
schedules are used to assess potential variations in kinship structure
over the range of fertility and mortality observed in human
populations."
The relative influences of fertility and mortality on
the numbers of kin ever born and still alive are examined. It is
concluded that "the net effect of a demographic transition is a
reduction in the proportion of the family consisting of collateral
kin--e.g., sisters and cousins--and an increase in the proportion
composed of parents, grandparents and even great-grandparents."
For
the article by Leo A. Goodman et al., published in 1974, see 40:3393.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30489 Hernandez,
Donald J.; Myers, David E. The quality of family
relationship data for children. In: American Statistical
Association, 1984 proceedings of the Social Statistics Section. [1984].
140-5 pp. American Statistical Association: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors use data from the official 1-in-1,000 extract of the
Sample Public Use Microdata File for the 1980 U.S. census to address
two questions. "First, what procedures can be used to infer the basic
family relationships that link children to each of the people with whom
they reside? Second, what is the quality of the resulting
data?"
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30490 Hodge,
Robert W.; Ogawa, Naohiro. Siblings and family size from
generation to generation. NUPRI Research Paper Series, No. 29, Mar
1986. vi, 44 pp. Nihon University, Population Research Institute:
Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
"This paper deals with an analysis of the
persistence of family size from generation to generation in
contemporary Japan, utilizing data collected in the 16th Mainichi
Survey of Fertility and Family Planning conducted in 1981." The data
are disaggregated by age of wife. Relationships are investigated
between the number of siblings on the one hand and age at marriage,
desired number of children, and number of living children on the
other.
The authors observe "small, albeit statistically significant
effects of size of family of origin upon number of living children.
This result in itself must be regarded with some mild surprise, since
the women studied herein have, for the most part, lived through Japan's
demographic transition. Their families of origin are quite
large...while their own families are relatively small. That there
should be any persistence in family size at all between generations
with such different sizes of families must itself be regarded at least
as surprising...." The importance of tracing paternal as well as
maternal lines in studying family size continuity is
noted.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30491
Koesoebjono, Santo. Changes in households in the
Netherlands, 1960-1981. [Evolution des menages aux Pays-Bas,
1960-1981.] Population, Vol. 41, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1986. 375-8 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre.
Developments in household composition in the
Netherlands are examined using data from the 1960 and 1971 censuses and
from a 1981 housing survey. The author presents information concerning
households by number of persons, relationships of household members,
and the distribution of persons living alone by sex and marital status.
The percentage increases in the numbers of single parent households,
single person households, and unmarried couples living together are
noted.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30492
Krishnamoorthy, S.; Kulkarni, P. M. Family
formation and structure. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 32, No.
1, Sep 1985. 69-77 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
Problems concerning
the study of family formation and structure in India are
considered.
Location: Columbia University, CPFH Library,
New York, N.Y.
52:30493 Marpsat,
Maryse. Urban contexts: socio-demographic structures and
standards of living. [Les contextes urbains: structures
socio-demographiques et niveau de vie.] Espace, Populations, Societes,
No. 2, 1986. 12, 107-16 pp. Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. In Fre. with
sum. in Eng.
Factors affecting the standards of living of
households in France are explored. The author notes that in addition
to the obvious factors such as position in the life cycle and
socioeconomic status, the place of residence has an important effect on
the household's standard of living. The importance of distinguishing
among urban, suburban, and more remote areas is
noted.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30494 McCrate,
Elaine D. The growth of nonmarriage among U.S. women,
1954-1983. Pub. Order No. DA8602660. 1985. 128 pp. University
Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
The focus of
this paper is on the decrease in the proportion of married women and
the increase in female heads of household in the United States during
the years 1954-1983. "This dissertation argues that the recent
transformation of the family must be understood as the outcome of
internal gender relations of domination in the family, in a context of
rapidly changing labor market conditions and state policy. The
dissertation...develops an alternative model of women's economic
independence and marital choice, in which the rigidity of internal
family relations is a critical feature motivating women to be
unmarried...."
It is implied that "a dual policy objective of
promoting women's equality and facilitating long-term family cohesion
can be achieved if internal family relations adjust to women's new
economic bargaining power."
This work was prepared as a doctoral
dissertation at the University of Massachusetts.
Source:
Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social
Sciences 46(12).
52:30495 Misja,
Vladimir; Vejsiu, Ylli. Demographic change and families in
Albania. [Shnderrimet demografike te familjes ne RPSSH.] LC
85-162985. 1984. 181 pp. Universiteti i Tiranes, Fakulteti Ekonomise:
Tirane, Albania. In Alb. with sum. in Fre.
Changes in family
characteristics in Albania over time are analyzed. The first chapter
is concerned with definitions. The second chapter is on the factors
that have influenced changes in family characteristics and nuptiality
patterns. The third chapter focuses on changes in family size. Next,
changes in marriage patterns in the context of a communist society are
analyzed. Finally, the role of the family in Communist Albania is
described.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington,
D.C.
52:30496 Nunes, Joao
A. On household composition in North Western Portugal:
some critical remarks and a case study. Sociologia Ruralis, Vol.
26, No. 1, 1986. 48-69 pp. Assen, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Ger.
An analysis of household composition and family forms in
Portugal is presented using data from the 1960 census for the Minho
region. The author questions the hypothesis that identifies a broad
regional distinction between a stem family household formation system
in the northwest and a neo-local system in the Mediterranean region of
the country. The importance of differences in household within the
region examined is stressed using the example of the parish of Urgeses
in 1878.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
52:30497 Osman,
Magued I.; Yamashita, Toyoko Y. A model for evaluating the
effect of son or daughter preference on population size. In:
American Statistical Association, 1984 proceedings of the Social
Statistics Section. [1984]. 193-8 pp. American Statistical Association:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"A discrete micro-stochastic model is
suggested to describe the family building process over the reproductive
period of a couple." The authors present the results of two simulation
experiments that use data from the 1976 Egyptian census. The results
indicate that "the increase in the absolute difference between the
desired number of boys and the desired number of girls is associated
with an increase in family size."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:30498 Page,
Hilary J. Child-bearing versus child-rearing:
co-residence of mothers and children in sub-Saharan Africa. IPD
Working Paper, No. 1986-2, 1986. i, 35 pp. Vrije Universiteit Brussel,
Interuniversity Programme in Demography: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
The author discusses patterns of child fostering and child
placement in sub-Saharan Africa. "Analysis of information for children
from some 60 broad ethnic groups spread over 7 countries, derived
largely from WFS [World Fertility Survey] household questionnaires,
shows as many as 10-40% of children aged 5-14 not living in the same
household as their mother. There are marked differentials by age and
sex of the child and by ethnic group and socio-economic variables.
Differentials in the level of child circulation are analyzed here in
relation to social organization variables. Differences in the patterns
of child circulation are also briefly discussed."
This paper was
originally presented at the 1986 Annual Meeting of the Population
Association of America (see elsewhere in this
issue).
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30499 Poston,
Dudley L.; Yu, Mei-Yu. The one-child family:
international patterns and their implications for the People's Republic
of China. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 18, No. 3, Jul 1986.
305-10 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
In this article, the authors
examine patterns of one-child families in selected developing and
developed countries using data from national censuses, U.N.
publications, and the World Fertility Survey. "This study compares the
general rates of single-child families in China and in 60 other
countries and shows that China's current rate (12.5) is relatively low
in comparison with some developed countries, e.g. Hungary (25.0). The
mean age-specific single-child rate for 54 less developed countries
shows a different pattern from that for seven developed countries; this
is likely to be due to the later age of marriage and longer birth
intervals of women in the developed countries."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30500 Scheller,
Gitta. Attempts at explaining the changes in marriage age
and family founding age since 1950: results of a retrospective survey
of different marriage cohorts. [Erklarungsversuche des Wandels im
Heirats- und Familiengrundungsalter seit 1950: Ergebnisse einer
Retrospektivbefragung von unterschiedlichen Eheschliessungskohorten.]
Zeitschrift fur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 11, No. 4, ISBN 029.
1985. 549-76 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger. with
sum. in Eng; Fre.
"This article deals with the timing of family
life cycle events [in the Federal Republic of Germany] and their change
since 1950 while theoretically referring to the cohort concept." The
study is based on preliminary results of a 1983 research project
involving interviews with 278 couples married in 1950, 1970, or 1980.
Differences in age at marriage and age at birth of the first child are
analyzed according to marriage cohort, sex, educational level,
occupational status, and reason for marriage. "The results suggest that
marriage-cohort membership more than any of the other factors
influenced the timing of marriage and childbearing, but that there
exist important variations within each cohort
too...."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30501 Seki,
Kiyohide. Population and family policy: measuring the
level of living in the country of familism. NUPRI Research Paper
Series, No. 25, Jan 1986. vi, 23 pp. Nihon University, Population
Research Institute: Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
The author seeks to
identify a relationship between economic well-being and family type
using data from a variety of published sources for Japan. What is
defined as a normal family unit is first described. "A classification
system of non-normal or handicapped households is applied to Hokkaido
data regarding families who received public assistance. Although the
relationship between poverty and family disorganization is reciprocal
and certainly, not all disorganized families are poor, the research
results from the Hokkaido data indicate a direct relationship between
poverty and a non-normal family type."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:30502 Siregar,
Helena; Lubis, Azwin; Nasution, M. Arif; Nasution, Indira K.; Tanjung,
Thamrin. Family size and marital age. Paediatrica
Indonesiana, Vol. 25, No. 5-6, May-Jun 1985. 107-11 pp. Jakarta,
Indonesia. In Eng.
"A cross sectional study about the relationships
between family size and marital age and the impact of education,
occupation and family planning programme was conducted in the region of
South Tapanuli North Sumatera [Indonesia]. The study was performed on
246 married couples by simple random sampling of households in the
villages Pakantan, Tamiang, Muarasoro and Sumuran, during the period of
September 25 up to October 3, 1982."
The results show that "the
earliest age of marriage for women was 14 years, and the latest 20
years. Most of the women (68%) married at 16-20 years. The main
education of responders was primary school (67%). The occupational
status was mostly (90%) farmer. The mean family size under 20 years
old was 6.3 and over 20 years, 5.3." The fertility rate of those under
20 years of age was still high, and the level of family planning
practice was low.
Location: New York Academy of Medicine.
52:30503 Thomas,
Kausar; Burch, Thomas K. Household formation in Canada and
the United States, 1900-1901 to 1970-1971: trends and regional
differentials. Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 12, No. 2,
1985. 159-82 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng.
"This paper employs new
measures of household headship in order to study trends and regional
patterns of household composition in Canada and the United States, from
1900-01 to 1970-71. At the national level, household headship remained
relatively stable until 1940-50, and then rose sharply thereafter.
Provincial and state data provide evidence for substantial regional
differences in household formation, with generally lower rates in the
East and higher rates in the West for both
nations."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30504 Todorovic,
Gordana; Jevtic, Zivojin. One application of log-linear
models in demography. [Jedna primena log-linearnih modela u
demografskoj analizi.] Statisticka Revija, Vol. 34, No. 3-4, 1984.
164-9 pp. Belgrade, Yugoslavia. In Scr. with sum. in Eng.
The
application of log-linear models to the study of women's attitudes
toward ideal family size is illustrated using data from Yugoslavia.
The results are presented separately for the six republics and two
autonomous regions of Serbia and indicate that the number of children
born and their age have significant effects on ideal family size in
areas where the demographic transition is not yet
completed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30505 Villac,
Michel; Morin, Anne-Catherine. General population census
of 1982. Metropolitan France. Households--families. [Recensement
general de la population de 1982. France metropolitaine.
Menages--familles.] 1984. 275 pp. Institut National de la Statistique
et des Etudes Economiques [INSEE]: Paris, France. In Fre.
This is
an analysis of data from the 1982 census of France concerning families
and households. Retrospective data are first presented from the
censuses of 1968, 1975, and 1982. Consideration is given to households
by size, structure, and social characteristics; family type, including
children and secondary families; and particular population groups, such
as people living alone, group households, the elderly, youths, and
women living on their own.
Location: University of Texas at
Austin, Population Research Center. Source: APLIC Census
Network List, No. 63, Jul 1986.
52:30506 Werner,
Barry. Family building intentions of different generations
of women: results from the General Household Survey 1979-83.
Population Trends, No. 44, Summer 1986. 17-23 pp. London, England. In
Eng.
The author examines the reliability of data concerning birth
expectations collected between 1979 and 1983 in the course of the
General Household Survey (GHS) of Great Britain. The information from
the GHS, which covers both unmarried and married women, is assessed in
light of information from earlier surveys concerning married women
only. A major difficulty in interpreting the GHS data has been high
levels of non-response to the expectations questions.
"A method of
adjusting the overall expectations by taking into account the
characteristics of non-respondents is described, and the resulting
average expected family sizes and distributions of numbers of children
expected are tabulated for women born in five-year periods from 1940 to
1964. The article concludes with a discussion of the value of GHS
results for developing assumptions about future fertility rates for use
in making projections of the national
population."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:30507 Yoddumnern,
Bencha. Continuity and change in a northern Thai village:
determinants and consequences of fertility decline on northern Thai
family structure. Pub. Order No. DA8600353. 1985. 328 pp.
University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This study examines the inter-relationship between Northern Thai
social and family structure, on the one hand, and the rapid fertility
decline characterized in this region, on the other. The specific aims
of the research are: (1) to examine the continuity and change in
Northern Thai social and family structure; (2) to determine the factors
involved in the process of fertility decline in a Northern Thai
village; and (3) to address the consequences of fertility decline on
Northern Thai family structure."
The data analyzed are from a
variety of sources: "(1) the basic household census; (2) participant
observation and interviewing; (3) a household fertility survey; and (4)
a life-cycle analysis with special reference to the developmental cycle
of the family."
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at
the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Source:
Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities and Social
Sciences 46(11).
52:30508 Young,
Christabel M. The residential life cycle: mortality and
morbidity effects on living arrangements. In: Consequences of
mortality trends and differentials. Population Studies, No. 95;
ST/ESA/SER.A/95, Pub. Order No. E.85.XIII.3. ISBN 92-1-151149-6. 1986.
101-12 pp. U.N. Department of International Economic and Social
Affairs: New York, New York. In Eng.
"The main focus of this
chapter is an analysis of changes in living arrangements during the
residential life cycle with particular respect to elderly parents. The
level and pattern of mortality during their lifetime determines the
probability that they will survive to the time when the children marry
and/or leave home. Living arrangements are then affected by decisions
about whether grown children remain in the parents' household or adopt
separate living arrangements. The combination of changes in survival
and changes in attitudes towards living separately is then illustrated
by the observed patterns of living arrangements in selected
countries."
The focus is on trends in the twentieth century,
primarily in developed countries. "The effect of the decline in
mortality during this century has resulted in increasing proportions of
males and females surviving to age 65 years, and an increase in the
proportion of female cohorts who can expect to experience a normal life
cycle....Associated with this has been the increase in the duration of
the stage between the marriage of the last child and the time at which
the first spouse dies, a delay in the onset of widowhood, and a greater
proportion of wives surviving their husbands." The increased
propensity of the elderly population, both single and married, to live
without others is noted.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
