52:20661 Auerbach,
Alan J.; Kotlikoff, Laurence J. Simulating alternative
social security responses to the demographic transition. National
Tax Journal, Vol. 38, No. 2, Jun 1985. 153-68 pp. Columbus, Ohio. In
Eng.
"This paper uses a perfect foresight life cycle simulation
model to examine the dynamic economic effects of baby 'booms' and baby
'busts' as well as the interaction of such demographic changes with
social security policy. Demographic change can have sizeable short and
long-run effects on saving rates and factors returns." The geographic
focus is on the United States.
"The model predicts long-run
improvement in welfare associated with a prolonged baby bust. This
improvement holds even in the absence of accommodating social security
policy. It reflects a long-run decline in the dependency ratio, with
the reduction in dependent children per worker more than offsetting the
increase in retirees per worker."
Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
52:20662 Beller,
Andrea H.; Graham, John W. Child support awards:
differentials and trends by race and marital status. Demography,
Vol. 23, No. 2, May 1986. 231-45 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This
paper examines differentials in the award of child support by race and
marital status [in the United States] and evaluates the impact of the
child support enforcement program, begun in 1975, on child support
awards. According to data from the 1979 and 1982 March/April Match
Files of the Current Population Survey, never-married mothers are
significantly less likely than ever-married mothers to have a child
support award; which do, however, cannot readily be explained by our
model. Ever-disrupted black marriages resulted in awards considerably
less frequently than nonblack marriages, although the enforcement
program has had a positive effect."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:20663 de Kam,
Flip; van Tulder, Frank; Goudriaan, Rene; de Groot, Hans; Hooijmans,
Evelien; Pommer, Evert; Ruitenberg, Leendert. Demographic
trends and public expenditure in the Netherlands, 1981-2030.
Zeitschrift fur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1985. 345-65
pp. Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Eng. with sum. in Fre;
Ger.
This article is a summary of a 1984 report prepared by the
Social and Cultural Planning Office of the Netherlands. The aim is to
assess the possible consequences of demographic trends for the level
and composition of public expenditure in the Netherlands between 1981
and 2030. Four sectors of expenditure are considered: social
security, education, health care, and social services. Particular
attention is given to the effects of demographic
aging.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20664 Fang,
Shan. Mainland China's population and social
problems. Pub. Order No. XXXI,286. Jun 1985. 52 pp. World
Anti-Communist League, China Chapter: Taipei, Taiwan; Asian Peoples'
Anti-Communist League: Taipei, Taiwan. In Eng.
An analysis of the
relationship between population factors and some social problems in
China is presented. The focus is on the consequences of China's
failure, until recently, to slow the rate of population growth.
Separate consideration is given to housing, environmental pollution,
marriage and the family, old age, employment, and
crime.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20665 Heaton, Tim
B. Sociodemographic characteristics of religious groups in
Canada. Sociological Analysis, Vol. 47, No. 1, Spring 1986. 54-65
pp. Storrs, Connecticut. In Eng.
"By utilizing special tabulations
from the 1981 Canadian Census, this paper compares 19 religious groups
in terms of several socioeconomic and family characteristics.
Standardized distributions also are presented which adjust for age,
sex, and regional differences between religious groups. Correlations
and covariance analysis of these variables indicate a high degree of
association between socioeconomic and family characteristics.
Religions characterized by low socioeconomic status exhibit more
traditional family behavior; and high SES [socioeconomic status]
religions have lower rates of marriage and fertility, but higher
divorce rates."
Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
52:20666 Mason,
Karen O. The status of women: conceptual and
methodological issues in demographic studies. Sociological Forum,
Vol. 1, No. 2, Spring 1986. 284-300 pp. Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
"This paper explores several conceptual problems in social
demographic studies of the status of women, including failure to
recognize the multidimensionality of women's status and its variation
across social 'locations,' the confounding of gender and class
stratification systems, and the confounding of access to resources with
their control. Also discussed are some generic problems in the
measurement of female status, such as the sensitivity of particular
indicators to social context, and the need to select consistent
comparisons when judging the extent of gender inequality."
The
geographic focus is worldwide.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:20667 Morrison,
Peter A.; Scommegna, Paola. Demographic trends tax the
IRS. Population Trends and Public Policy, No. 11, Apr 1986. 12 pp.
Population Reference Bureau: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The probable
impact of future demographic trends on tax collection in the United
States is explored. The author notes that for the remainder of the
1980s and the 1990s, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) will be forced
to deal not only with more returns but with more complex returns as the
result of social changes such as increasing divorce and remarriage,
single-parent families, dual-earner couples, and retirees working
part-time. Changes in the nation's labor force will also affect the
pool of workers available to the IRS to implement its work. The focus
is on policy implications of these changes and of proposed tax
reforms.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20668 Adeokun,
Lawrence A. Problems of health intervention programmes:
the case of Nigeria. In: Health policy, social policy and
mortality prospects, edited by Jacques Vallin and Alan D. Lopez. ISBN
2-87040-035-7. 1985. 179-93 pp. Ordina Editions: Liege, Belgium;
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
Difficulties encountered in implementing
modern health programs in developing countries are reviewed, with a
primary focus on Nigeria. The author evaluates Nigeria's Basic Health
Services System and concludes that "the results have proved
disappointing. Due to lack of reliable data, health planning appears
to have been inadequate. Shortage of trained personnel, rapid
urbanization and high levels of illiteracy have all contributed to
these disappointing results. Nevertheless, the experience has served
to create guidelines for the future. In particular, there is now a
greater awareness of the population/environment interaction and its
consequences for health."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:20669 Allman,
James; Rohde, Jon E.; Wray, Joe. Implementing priority
primary health care in developing countries. In: Health policy,
social policy and mortality prospects, edited by Jacques Vallin and
Alan D. Lopez. ISBN 2-87040-035-7. 1985. 163-78 pp. Ordina Editions:
Liege, Belgium; International Union for the Scientific Study of
Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
The authors outline a
procedure for implementing primary health care in developing countries
through a phased approach. The need to assess priorities and
constraints concerning the introduction of medical technology given a
political context is discussed. The role of social scientists is
emphasized. The benefits to program management of such a step-by-step
approach are considered.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:20670 Bednyi, M.
S. Demographic processes and public health.
[Demograficheskie protsessy i zdorov'e naseleniya.] Sovetskaya
Meditsina, No. 6, 1985. 5-8 pp. Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
This is a
general study on the relationship between demographic characteristics
and the health of a population. The author states that one of the main
tasks of the medical profession and of society as a whole is to prevent
the decline in birth rates that can result from increases in life
expectancy. The geographic focus is on the USSR.
Location:
U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md.
52:20671 Brown,
Peter J. Socioeconomic and demographic effects of malaria
eradication: a comparison of Sri Lanka and Sardinia. Social
Science and Medicine, Vol. 22, No. 8, 1986. 847-59 pp. Elmsford, New
York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The relationship between disease
control, population growth and economic development is examined through
a comparison of changes subsequent to malaria eradication campaigns in
Sri Lanka and Sardinia. Both islands were similar in terms of malaria
morbidity and mortality rates as well as a history of massive malaria
eradication campaigns using DDT immediately after the Second World War.
The critical comparative distinction is that Sardinia had a much lower
population density than Sri Lanka."
It is observed that "patterns of
demographic change, marked by sharp declines in general mortality and
accelerated population rates, are similar in both cases. Malaria
control has resulted in economic development in neither case, however,
and this is explained using ecological and political-economic
analyses."
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
52:20672 Illsley,
Raymond; Mitchell, Ross G. Low birth weight: a medical,
psychological, and social study. A Wiley Medical Publication, ISBN
0-471-90355-8. LC 83-16963. 1984. xix, 272 pp. John Wiley and Sons: New
York, New York/Chichester, England. In Eng.
This book consists of
10 papers by various authors on the causes and effects of low birth
weight. It is based on a study carried out at the Medical Research
Council Medical Sociology Unit in Aberdeen, Scotland. It "analyses the
results of a controlled, longitudinal survey of a group of low birth
weight infants from birth to the age of 10 years, in a defined
geographical population. Medical, sociological and psychological
investigations were conducted during this period in an attempt to
unravel the relationship between birth weight, its antecedents, and its
effects on the child's physical, intellectual and emotional
development."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20673 Lincoln,
Richard. Smoking and reproduction. International
Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 12, No. 1, Mar 1986. 22-6 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
The author summarizes the discussions at
the First International Conference on Smoking and Reproductive Health,
held in 1985 in San Francisco, California, concerning the connection
between smoking and pregnancy complications. It was suggested that
increased efforts be made to encourage physicians and public health
professionals to increase their intervention efforts and that a series
of public policy measures be undertaken to control smoking in the
United States.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:20674 Ross, David
A.; Vaughan, J. Patrick. Health interview surveys in
developing countries: a methodological review. Studies in Family
Planning, Vol. 17, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1986. 78-94 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
"This review covers cross-sectional health interview
surveys in which respondents were asked about their recent illness and
their use of preventive and curative health services. Country survey
results differed widely, for both morbidity prevalence estimates and
health services utilization, reflecting major methodological
differences as well as any true differences that may exist between the
population groups studied. Comparison of morbidity and utilization
rates is thus thwarted by the absence of standardization in survey
methodology, methods of analysis, and the classification of results."
Recommendations to improve health surveys in the future are
included.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20675 Sherris,
Jacqueline D.; Blackburn, Richard; Moore, Sidney H.; Mehta,
Suman. Immunizing the world's children. Population
Reports, Series L: Issues in World Health, Vol. 14, No. 1, Mar-Apr
1986. [40] pp. Johns Hopkins University, Population Information Program
[PIP]: Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
A review of worldwide trends in
immunization against diseases in children is presented. The authors
note that although immunization saves the lives of an estimated one
million children each year, more than 3.5 million children are killed
or disabled by diseases that are preventable by immunization.
Consideration is given to the problems encountered in developing
effective programs, particularly in developing
countries.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20676 Zsolnai,
Bela. The development of obstetrical services, their
achievements, and future tasks. [A szuleszeti ellatas fejlodese,
eredmenyei es jovobeni feladatai.] Demografia, Vol. 28, No. 2-3, 1985.
215-43 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The
development of obstetrical and maternal and child health services in
Hungary over the past 10 years is reviewed. Data are presented on
induced abortions, spontaneous abortions, and births. It is noted that
58 percent of registered pregnancies end in the birth of a child and 42
percent end in an abortion. Consideration is also given to trends in
perinatal, infant, and maternal mortality.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20677 Adams, J.;
Smouse, P. E. Genetic consequences of demographic changes
in human populations. In: Diseases of complex etiology in small
populations: ethnic differences and research approaches, edited by
Ranajit Chakraborty and Emoke J. E. Szathmary. Progress in Clinical and
Biological Research, Vol. 194, 1985. 283-99 pp. Alan R. Liss: New York,
New York. In Eng.
The authors examine the demographic changes that
occur in a population and describe how changes in vital rates can
influence the genetic structure of a population, particularly
genetically mediated disease. The primary focus is on developments
affecting the population of Sweden from 1780 to
1965.
Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, Md.
52:20678 Emery, Alan
E. H. Identical twinning and oral contraception.
Biology and Society, Vol. 3, No. 1, Mar 1986. 23-7 pp. London, England.
In Eng.
The relationship between monozygotic twinning and the use
of oral contraceptives is examined. The data are from official sources
for the years 1952 to 1983 and concern England, Wales, and Scotland.
The author concludes that the increase in this form of twinning may be
due to delays in implantation of the fertilized ovum related to oral
contraceptive use.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:20679 Kevles,
Daniel J. In the name of eugenics: genetics and the uses
of human heredity. ISBN 0-394-50702-9. LC 84-47810. 1985. x, 426
pp. Alfred A. Knopf: New York, New York. In Eng.
A history of the
development of the study and practice of eugenics from the time of
Francis Galton in the late nineteenth century to the present is
presented. The book has three main objectives: to provide a history
of eugenics; to provide a history of human and medical genetics; and to
appraise past, present, and possible future misuses of eugenics. The
historical section covers developments in the United States, the United
Kingdom, and, to some extent, Germany. Consideration is given to the
attempts, particularly in the United States before World War II, to
influence fertility differentials through legislation for eugenic
reasons.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
