52:20612 Arab-Ogly,
Edward A. Demography and the global problems of our
epoch. In: Population growth as a global problem. 5th
International Demographic Seminar, Berlin, November 20-22, 1984.
Scientific programme. Part one, edited by P. Khalatbari. Humboldt
Universitat zu Berlin Berichte, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1986. 23-35 pp. Humboldt
University Berlin, Department of Economics, Demography Unit: Berlin,
German Democratic Republic. In Eng.
Trends in world population
growth are discussed, and prospects for the future are outlined in the
context of what the author considers to be the major global problems of
the present. International pronouncements concerning the world's
population are mentioned, the relationship between population growth
and socioeconomic development is considered, and the concept of zero
population growth is discussed.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:20613 Gourou,
Pierre; Etienne, Gilbert. From the plowing at Cluny to the
green revolution: agricultural techniques and population. [Des
labours de Cluny a la revolution verte: techniques agricoles et
population.] ISBN 2-13-038653-9. 1985. 258 pp. Presses Universitaires
de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
These are the proceedings of a
conference on the relationship between agricultural development and
population, held in Paris, France, May 5-6, 1983. The 11 papers are
divided into two sections, past and present. The historical section
includes papers on Flanders, Belgium; Macon, France; and two papers on
China. The modern section includes papers on China, India, Brazil,
Mexico, Africa South of the Sahara, Burkina Faso, and on the tropical
regions. The papers are primarily case studies on the relationships
among resources, techniques of production, and the number of people to
be fed.
Location: New York Public Library.
52:20614 Lapkoff,
Shelley. Pay-as-you-go retirement systems in nonstable
populations. Program in Population Research Working Paper, No. 18,
Sep 1985. 14, [7] pp. University of California, Institute of
International Studies, Program in Population Research: Berkeley,
California. In Eng.
"This paper analyzes how tax rates, benefit
rates, and rates of return in a social security system respond to
nonstable populations. Using a modified version of Samuelson's
consumption- loan model, the paper shows how it is theoretically
possible to keep rates of return equal across cohorts, thus satisfying
an important component of intergenerational equity. In addition,
different ways of structuring a pay-as-you-go retirement plan are
analyzed."
The author develops a framework that is "used to
demonstrate how different structures for the retirement plan would
perform under various population trajectories. The population
trajectories explored are stylized models of an aging population, a
population that would arise from one specification of Easterlin's
relative income hypothesis, and a population trajectory that is
essentially random."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:20615 Lieberson,
Jonathan. Too many people? New York Review of Books,
Vol. 33, No. 11, Jun 26, 1986. 36-42 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
A general review of the current debate concerning global population
trends and their effect on the development process is presented in the
form of a review of the conference proceedings published under the
title "Are World Population Trends a Problem?" Consideration is given
to the role that family planning programs can play and to the role of
the United States in supporting such programs. The author concludes
that "creating the conditions in which people decide to have fewer
children has usually been a matter of improvisation and is likely to
remain so."
For the proceedings referred to, edited by Ben
Wattenberg et al., and published in 1985, see 51:20766.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
52:20616 Nerlove,
Marc; Razin, Assaf; Sadka, Efraim. Economic issues in
population policy. Chapter one: review of welfare economics.
Foerder Institute for Economic Research Working Paper, No. 39-84, Nov
1984. 27 pp. Tel Aviv University, Foerder Institute for Economic
Research: Ramat Aviv, Israel. In Eng.
This is the first of three
papers concerning economic issues in population policy. The authors
review fundamental concepts in the theory of welfare economics and
resource allocation, treating population as an economic resource. They
discuss Pareto-efficiency, competitive equilibria, the social welfare
function, and second-best redistributive policies.
For the related
papers by Marc Nerlove et al., also published in 1984, see elsewhere in
this issue.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20617 Nerlove,
Marc; Razin, Assaf; Sadka, Efraim. Economic issues in
population policy. Chapter three: traditional household
behavior. Foerder Institute for Economic Research Working Paper,
No. 42-84, Dec 1984. 12 pp. Tel Aviv University, Foerder Institute for
Economic Research: Ramat Aviv, Israel. In Eng.
In the last of three
papers concerning economic issues in population policy, the authors
"elaborate on how the responses of households [to prices] are formed
and on the properties of these responses." Utility maximization and
selected aspects of demand and expenditure functions are discussed. The
focus is on economic theory.
For the related papers by Marc Nerlove
et al., also published in 1984, see elsewhere in this issue.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20618 Nerlove,
Marc; Razin, Assaf; Sadka, Efraim. Economic issues in
population policy. Chapter two: economics of externalities.
Foerder Institute for Economic Research Working Paper, No. 40-84, Dec
1984. 12 pp. Tel Aviv University, Foerder Institute for Economic
Research: Ramat Aviv, Israel. In Eng.
The authors expand on the
presentation of economic theory included in a preceding paper by
discussing economic externalities, including taxes and subsidies. The
purpose is to provide a framework for examining economic issues in
population policy.
For the related papers by Marc Nerlove et al.,
also published in 1984, see elsewhere in this issue.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20619 Osterfeld,
David. Resources, people, and the Neomalthusian
fallacy. Cato Journal, Vol. 5, No. 1, Spring-Summer 1985. 67-102
pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
An attack on the neo-Malthusian
approach to the relationship between rapid population growth and
economic development problems is presented. The primary focus is on
the relative inability of neo-Malthusian scholars to predict the future
availability of resources. The author concludes that economic
development is the best solution to population problems and that
population policies should be avoided. The author argues for letting
natural market forces resolve problems of poverty, malnutrition, and
overpopulation.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress,
Washington, D.C.
52:20620
Soudoplatov, Anatoly P. Population problems in the
general context of resources and development. In: Population
growth as a global problem. 5th International Demographic Seminar,
Berlin, November 20-22, 1984. Scientific programme. Part one, edited
by P. Khalatbari. Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin Berichte, Vol. 6, No.
2, 1986. 36-49 pp. Humboldt University Berlin, Department of Economics,
Demography Unit: Berlin, German Democratic Republic. In Eng.
The
author first contrasts fertility trends in capitalist and European
socialist countries; he then assesses the relative capabilities of the
two forms of political system in addressing problems of employment,
aging, urbanization, and the environment that are associated with
demographic change. Attention is given to population problems and
economic dependency in previously colonized
regions.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20621 Agrawal,
Govind R.; Kayastha, Narendra. Development of human
resources, population policies and manpower and employment
policies. Nov 1984. 63, [6] pp. Tribhuvan University, Centre for
Economic Development and Administration: Katmandu, Nepal. In Eng.
This is a report of a meeting held in Katmandu, Nepal, June 25-27,
1984 on the relationships between human resources and population,
manpower, and employment policies in Southern Asia. It includes
separate papers on Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
Consideration is given to the possibilities for regional cooperation in
these areas.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20622 Agrawal,
Govind R.; Kayastha, Narendra. Development of human
resources, population policies and manpower and employment policies.
Country paper: Nepal. 1984. ii, 72 pp. Tribhuvan University,
Centre for Economic Development and Administration: Katmandu, Nepal. In
Eng.
A general review of development problems in Nepal is
presented. Population, human resource development, employment, and
manpower are discussed in separate chapters. The chapter on population
includes sections on policy, population size, age distribution, sex
distribution, vital rates, regional distribution, urbanization, and
internal migration.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:20623 Alba,
Francisco; Potter, Joseph E. Population and development in
Mexico since 1940: an interpretation. Population and Development
Review, Vol. 12, No. 1, Mar 1986. 47-75, 167-8 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Beginning in 1940, Mexico enjoyed a
30-year period of sustained economic growth; on the demographic side,
this interval was characterized by sustained high fertility and rapidly
falling mortality. By the early 1980s, the country faced crises of
liquidity and inflation; a fertility decline had set in after the early
1970s. This assessment of four decades of economic, social, and
demographic change explores reasons why fertility remained high in the
face of rapid development; how demographic change contributed to the
current economic crisis; and why fertility declined precipitously in
the most recent period."
The authors argue that although the
development policies adopted generally favored high fertility, the
country's population policies have exercised an identifiable downward
influence on fertility.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:20624 Bueno
Sanchez, Eramis. Population and the new international
economic order. In: Population growth as a global problem. 5th
International Demographic Seminar, Berlin, November 20-22, 1984.
Scientific programme. Part two, edited by P. Khalatbari. Humboldt
Universitat zu Berlin Berichte, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1986. 3-19 pp. Humboldt
University Berlin, Department of Economics, Demography Unit: Berlin,
German Democratic Republic. In Eng.
The author attempts "to analyse
the interaction between NIEO [the New International Economic Order] and
the unequal development from the standpoint of the demographic future
of the developing countries." An interpretation of the NIEO is
outlined, and the impact of population growth on socioeconomic
development in developing countries is discussed. Selected experiences
in Cuba are cited.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:20625 Burkina
Faso. Institut National de la Statistique et de la Demographie
(Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso). A summary of studies on
population and development in Burkina Faso. [Synthese de quelques
etudes sur population et developpement au Burkina Faso.] Sep 1984. 116
pp. Ougadougou, Burkina Faso. In Fre.
This report attempts to
summarize the findings of selected studies on the relationship between
population and development in Burkina Faso.
Location:
Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, Paris, France.
Source: INED, Liste d'Acquisitions, Mar-Apr 1985.
52:20626 Cain,
Mead. Consequences of reproductive failure: dependence,
mobility, and mortality among the elderly in rural South Asia.
Center for Policy Studies Working Paper, No. 119, Nov 1985. 30 pp.
Population Council, Center for Policy Studies: New York, New York. In
Eng.
"This paper examines the proposition that the economic
mobility of persons in rural South Asia is affected by their
reproductive outcomes: specifically, that reproductive failure
(defined as the failure to rear a surviving son) entails material loss.
Underlying this proposition is the notion that sons in this setting
constitute an important source of insurance against the risk of income
insufficiency in old age and in a variety of other contingencies."
Data on the living arrangements and economic status of the elderly
population are from fieldwork conducted in one village in Bangladesh
from 1976-1978 and in several villages in India in 1980 and
1983.
The analysis "suggests that the consequences of reproductive
failure include increased mortality risks and a high probability of
property loss; that these consequences are more severe for women than
for men; and that they are considerably more severe in rural Bangladesh
than in the sampled areas of rural India."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20627 Chin, Peggy
T. C. The relationship between poverty and fertility in
some less developed countries. Singapore Journal of Tropical
Geography, Vol. 6, No. 2, Dec 1985. 139-52 pp. Singapore. In Eng.
The author investigates the extent to which both absolute and
relative poverty affect population growth in developing countries.
Aggregate data from U.N. sources for 26 countries at various stages of
the fertility transition are used. The results indicate that the most
significant steps in reducing fertility would be more effective
provision of basic human needs and reforms in land tenure. The need to
distinguish between absolute and relative poverty in formulating
population policies is noted.
Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
52:20628 Clinton,
Richard L. Population and development in Peru.
[Poblacion y desarrollo en el Peru.] [1985]. 207 pp. Universidad de
Lima, Oficina Coordinadora de Investigacion Cientifica: Lima, Peru. In
Spa.
This study is concerned with opinions about the relationship
between population and development in Peru. It is based on a survey
involving interviews with 170 opinion leaders in Peru carried out in
1982-1983. The study includes a review of past, present, and probable
future demographic trends; a discussion on the intellectual climate in
which the population debate takes place; and a review of current
population policy. The conclusion is that Peru faces major development
problems which are generally made worse, rather than caused by,
population factors.
Location: New York Public Library.
52:20629 Gomaa,
Saad. Population and development issues in the third
world. Dirasat Sukkaniyah/Population Studies, Vol. 12, No. 72,
Jan-Mar 1985. [3-29], 45-60 pp. Cairo, Egypt. In Ara. with sum. in Eng.
This is a general review of the relationship between population
factors and development problems in developing countries. The author
views population growth as being predominantly a socioeconomic and
political problem, as it puts pressures on a given political system to
adapt and change. He concludes that appropriate changes in the
development strategies of the countries concerned will resolve
population problems.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:20630 Guzevatyi,
Yaropolk N. The global problem of reproduction and
utilization of labour resources of developing countries in its
demographic aspect. In: Population growth as a global problem.
5th International Demographic Seminar, Berlin, November 20-22, 1984.
Scientific programme. Part one, edited by P. Khalatbari. Humboldt
Universitat zu Berlin Berichte, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1986. 50-62 pp. Humboldt
University Berlin, Department of Economics, Demography Unit: Berlin,
German Democratic Republic. In Eng.
The author discusses the
socioeconomic consequences of population growth in developing
countries, giving particular attention to employment and the status of
women. He contends that "the accelerated growth of population in the
developing countries, given the preservation in their economy of the
vast sector characterized by the stagnating traditional production and
archaic social relations promotes an alarming and growing alienation of
the ever-greater number of able-bodied people from the means of
production."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20631 Hudson,
Ray; Lewis, Jim. Uneven development in Southern Europe:
studies of accumulation, class, migration and the state. ISBN
0-416-32840-7. 1985. xi, 398 pp. Methuen: New York, New York/London,
England. In Eng.
This book consists of selected papers originally
presented at a conference entitled National and Regional Development in
the Mediterranean Basin held at the University of Durham in April 1982.
The geographic focus is on Southern Europe including Turkey. Papers
are included on the effects of emigration on regional development in
Turkey, the economic impact of returned emigrants in Turkey, and return
migration and rural economic change in southern
Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
52:20632 Ivory
Coast. Ministere de l'Economie et des Finances. Direction de la
Statistique (Abidjan, Ivory Coast). The Permanent
Household Survey: provisional results, 1985. [Enquete Permanente
Aupres des Menages: resultats provisoires 1985.] Nov 1985. 76 pp.
Abidjan, Ivory Coast. In Fre.
This preliminary statistical report
provides an overview of selected key economic and social indicators
drawn from a data collection system recently implemented in the Ivory
Coast. The Ivory Coast's Direction de la Statistique and the World
Bank's Development Research Department are collaborating, under the
auspices of the Bank's Living Standards Measurement Study, to interview
160 households per month on a continuous basis for 10 months out of the
year. Data are collected concerning population size, age structure,
sex distribution, family size, nationality, proportion of female heads
of household, fertility, migration, health, education, type of
residence, occupations, employment status, financial assistance among
family members, and consumption.
Annual statistical reports based on
each round of the survey are to be published, along with brief
semiannual updates.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:20633 Khalatbari,
P. Population growth as a global problem. 5th
International Demographic Seminar, Berlin, November 20-22, 1984.
Scientific programme. Parts one and two. Humboldt Universitat zu
Berlin Berichte, Vol. 6, No. 2 and 3, 1986. 63; 67 pp. Humboldt
University Berlin, Department of Economics, Demography Unit: Berlin,
German Democratic Republic. In Eng.
These two volumes contain nine
papers presented at a seminar held at Humboldt University Berlin in
November 1984. Sponsored by the University's Demography Unit, the
conference was "mainly concerned with the connections between
population growth and underdevelopment as a system of global issues.
Such critical issues as food supply and employment were included as
sub-systems."
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent
issues of Population Index.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:20634 Khalatbari,
Parviz. Population growth as a global problem. In:
Population growth as a global problem. 5th International Demographic
Seminar, Berlin, November 20-22, 1984. Scientific programme. Part
one, edited by P. Khalatbari. Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin Berichte,
Vol. 6, No. 2, 1986. 4-22 pp. Humboldt University Berlin, Department of
Economics, Demography Unit: Berlin, German Democratic Republic. In Eng.
The author briefly traces the growth of world population in the
last century, with a focus on difficulties arising from rapid
population growth in developing regions. While recommendations aimed
at promoting economic growth in developing countries are suggested, the
emphasis is on general policy guidelines and theoretical aspects of the
relationship between population growth and
"backwardness"..
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
52:20635 King,
Timothy; Kelley, Allen C. The new population debate: two
views on population growth and economic development. Population
Trends and Public Policy, No. 7, Feb 1985. 24 pp. Population Reference
Bureau: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This report consists of two
separate articles presenting different opinions concerning the
relationship between population growth and socioeconomic development.
The paper by Timothy King emphasizes the need to examine population
problems on a country-by-country basis, since global trends mask a
variety of local conditions. He critically assesses the pro-growth
philosophy exemplified by Julian Simon's 1981 book, The Ultimate
Resource, and points out the problems of land shortage that occur if
rapid population growth is sustained in poor countries dependent on
agriculture.
Allen Kelley presents a critique of the traditional
arguments that population growth hinders development. He suggests
instead that population growth is a catalyst that brings other problems
to a head more quickly and limits the time in which political answers
to those problems can be found. He also asserts that the impact of
rapid population growth is tempered when its positive indirect effects
are considered.
For the book by Julian L. Simon, published in 1981,
see 47:4640.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20636 National
Research Council. Committee on Population. Working Group on Population
Growth and Economic Development (Washington, D.C.).
Population growth and economic development: policy questions.
ISBN 0-309-03641-0. LC 86-862. 1986. ix, 108 pp. National Academy
Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This report summarizes evidence on
the relationships between population growth and economic development,
concentrating on the developing nations. Following an introduction
that sets forth the problem, the report addresses nine relevant and
currently debated major questions bearing on these relationships and
then summarizes the conclusions in a final chapter." The authors find
little support for either the most alarmist or the most complacent
views concerning the economic effects of population growth. However,
it is concluded that on balance, slower population growth would be
beneficial to economic development for most developing
countries.
Most of the questions considered concern the anticipated
effects of slower rates of population growth. These effects include
the areas of per capita income growth through increased availability of
exhaustible and renewable resources, pollution and environmental
degradation, increased output and consumption per worker, technological
innovation and exploitation of economies of scale, schooling and
health, inequality and income distribution, and the impact of the
absorption of workers in the modern sector on urbanization. The report
also considers the costs to society of individual couples' fertility
behavior.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20637 Peiris, W.
A. A. S.; Meegama, S. A.; Wickremasekara, P.; Wilson, P.; Fernando, W.
S. M. Socio-economic development and fertility decline in
Sri Lanka. No. ST/ESA/SER.R/54, 1986. xi, 112 pp. U.N. Department
of International Economic and Social Affairs: New York, New York. In
Eng.
This study is part of a project in which the relationship
between socioeconomic factors and fertility decline in developing
countries is explored. It is concerned with Sri Lanka and includes
chapters on the socioeconomic background, the demographic background,
the economic structure and trends, development policy and strategy, and
the fertility transition.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:20638 Ramsay,
Ansil. Population pressure, mechanization, and
landlessness in Central Thailand. Journal of Developing Areas,
Vol. 19, No. 3, Apr 1985. 351-68 pp. Macomb, Illinois. In Eng.
The
author examines the relative contribution of increasing population and
technological change to the growing problem of landlessness in Central
Thailand. Data are from a study undertaken by the Division of Land
Policy and Planning in 1974-1976. The author concludes that new
technologies have in fact increased the demand for labor, and that
increases in the rural population and the consequent pressures on
finite land resources are a major cause of
landlessness.
Location: Johns Hopkins University,
Population Information Program, Baltimore, Md.; Princeton University
Library (PR).
52:20639
Czechoslovakia. Federalni Statisticky Urad (Prague,
Czechoslovakia). Development of society in the
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (based on data from the 1980 census of
population and housing). [Vyvoj spolecnosti CSSR (podle vysledku
scitani lidu, domu a bytu 1980).] 1985. 238; 141 pp. Prague,
Czechoslovakia. In Cze.
This report describes the process of
socioeconomic development in Czechoslovakia since the end of World War
II using data from official sources, including the 1980 census.
Sections are included on social characteristics, demographic trends,
spatial distribution and population density, nationalities, education,
economic activity, commuting, housing, and the organization and
methodology of the 1980 census. The report is in two parts: the first
part presents the analysis; the second, the statistical
data.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20640 Dickinson,
James; Russell, Bob. Family, economy and state: the
social reproduction process under capitalism. ISBN 0-312-28045-9.
LC 85-2138. 1986. 340 pp. St. Martin's Press: New York, New York. In
Eng.
This book is a collection of 11 papers by various authors on
aspects of the relationships among the family, the economy, and the
state. The focus is on the social reproduction process, and the papers
examine the institutions, social processes, and forms of state
intervention that contribute to the reproduction of households and
working populations in the developed countries. The geographic focus
is on Europe and North America. The linkages between reproduction at
the family level and the needs of the state as a whole are examined,
with emphasis on the role played by the welfare
state.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20641 Kasarda,
John D.; Irwin, Michael D.; Hughes, Holly L. The South is
still rising. American Demographics, Vol. 8, No. 6, Jun 1986.
32-9, 70 pp. Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
The authors review and
discuss economic and demographic indicators that project sustained
growth in the southern United States into the twenty-first century.
Attention is given to in-migration and employment opportunities, and
comparisons are made with other regions of the
country.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20642 Kaufmann,
Franz-Xaver; Leisering, Lutz. Demographic changes as a
problem for social security systems. International Social Security
Review, Vol. 37, No. 4, 1984. 388-409 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng.
The relationship between demographic changes and the social
security system is explored. The focus is on the current situation in
the Federal Republic of Germany, but consideration is also given to
comparable developments in other developed countries. Emphasis is
placed on how changes in the age distribution of modern populations
affect the relative proportion of the productive and the dependent
populations.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
52:20643 Kaufmann,
Franz-Xaver; Leisering, Lutz. Studies on the
three-generation contract. [Studien zum Drei-Generationenvertrag.]
IBS-Materialien, No. 15, 1984. 156 pp. Universitat Bielefeld, Institut
fur Bevolkerungsforschung und Sozialpolitik: Bielefeld, Germany,
Federal Republic of. In Ger.
This publication contains three papers
on the relationship between demographic trends, particularly declining
fertility, and problems involving social security and the dependency
burden. All of the papers have been previously published. The
geographic focus is on the Federal Republic of Germany and other
developed countries. The need to consider three generations (the young,
the working-age population, and the elderly) when studying such
problems is stressed.
Individual papers deal with the demographic
conditions for optimizing the economic burden on the economically
active population, changes in the relationship between the child and
old-age dependency burdens, and demographic changes as a problem for
the social security system.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:20644 Lee, Ronald
D.; Lapkoff, Shelley F. Intergenerational flows of time
and goods: consequences of slowing population growth. Program in
Population Research Working Paper, No. 19, Nov 1985. 45 pp. University
of California, Institute of International Studies, Program in
Population Research: Berkeley, California. In Eng.
"This paper
develops a theoretical model of intergenerational transfers
incorporating time use. With the aid of time budget and consumer
expenditure surveys, empirical estimates of the age profiles of various
types of time and goods consumption are presented, and [the authors]
conclude that: 1) the net direction of intergenerational transfers is
from younger to older ages; 2) these transfers largely constitute an
externality to childbearing; 3) they are not large enough to offset the
capital dilution effect which would result from higher fertility and
more rapid population growth." The focus is on developed
countries.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20645 Lee, Ronald
D. Population growth and intergenerational transfers in a
household setting. Program in Population Research Working Paper,
No. 20, Jan 1986. 36 pp. University of California, Institute of
International Studies, Program in Population Research: Berkeley,
California. In Eng.
The author focuses on the estimation of the net
direction and magnitude of intergenerational transfers in developed
countries, an area he considers neglected in the published literature.
According to the author, "this gap is due in part to the conceptual
difficulties surrounding the measurement of individual consumption,
arising from the existence of quasi-public goods and economies of scale
within the household. In this paper I show that when the conceptual
issues are clarified, it is possible to draw on existing data and
research to quantify the transfers, establish their net direction, and
evaluate the externalities to child bearing arising from
transfers."
It is found that "for the marginal child, net transfers
are substantially from younger to older members of the population, in
the amount of about 25,000 dollars (1972) per incremental birth. If it
is assumed that within-household transfers to the marginal child are
exactly offset by direct utility flows from enjoyment of the child,
then the externality to the birth of an incremental child appears to be
on the order of 40,000 dollars (1972). However, this calculation
reflects only the intergenerational transfer effect; the negative
effect arising from capital dilution should be somewhat larger, and
reverse the sign of the net effect."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:20646 Leuchten,
Karl-Heinz. Changes in the age structure of the population
and the economic burden on the labor force.
[Altersstrukturveranderungen der Bevolkerung und die okonomische
Belastung der Aktiven.] Contributions to Quantitative
Economics/Beitrage zur Quantitativen Okonomie, Vol. 7, ISBN
3-88339-381-9. LC 85-104127. 1984. 224 pp. N. Brockmeyer: Bochum,
Germany, Federal Republic of. In Ger.
An economic model is used to
analyze how changes in age structure will affect the economic burden
placed on the labor force by both the elderly and children. The
emphasis is on the long-term consequences of demographic aging in the
Federal Republic of Germany and the problem of paying for social
security. The model is first described, different types of dependency
burden are distinguished, and the demographic basis of the model is
examined. The effects of changes in age structure on the economic
dependency burden are then analyzed. Attention is also given to the
impact of shortened working hours.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:20647 Trebici,
Vladimir. The future population of developed regions and
the question of aging. In: Population growth as a global problem.
5th International Demographic Seminar, Berlin, November 20-22, 1984.
Scientific programme. Part two, edited by P. Khalatbari. Humboldt
Universitat zu Berlin Berichte, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1986. 56-66 pp. Humboldt
University Berlin, Department of Economics, Demography Unit: Berlin,
German Democratic Republic. In Eng.
An overview of the current
situation involving demographic aging in developed countries is first
presented, and selected economic consequences are noted. The author
then presents projections of the proportions of those younger than 14
and those older than 60 for developing and developed regions through
the year 2025. Projections are included concerning the age structure
in Europe, and particular reference is made to the situation in
Romania.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20648 van der
Wijst, Ton; van Poppel, Frans. Economic and social
implications of ageing in the Netherlands. Working Papers of the
NIDI, No. 67, Dec 1985. ix, 85 pp. Netherlands Interuniversity
Demographic Institute [NIDI]: Voorburg, Netherlands. In Eng.
The
process of demographic aging in the Netherlands is described, and its
expected socioeconomic implications are reviewed. "First...the
observed and expected demographic trends over the years 1950-2030 are
outlined. Next, the study deals with various aspects of the living
conditions of the elderly. Subsequently, some of the consequences of
ageing are looked at, regarding the labour force, public expenditure,
social security and private consumption." The paper concludes with a
summary, which emphasizes the heterogeneity of the projected elderly
population.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20649 Vukovich,
Gabriella. Socioeconomic consequences of the aging of the
population. [A nepesseg oregedesenek nehany tarsadalmi--gazdasagi
osszefuggese.] Statisztikai Szemle, Vol. 64, No. 2, Feb 1986. 109-21
pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The economic
and social implications of demographic aging in Hungary are reviewed.
The demographic characteristics of the elderly population are first
described using data from official sources. Next, the significance of
current demographic trends for changes in the dependency burden are
considered. The impact of demographic aging on consumption patterns
and on the need for and cost of social services is also
examined.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20650 Smil,
Vaclav. Food production and quality of diet in China.
Population and Development Review, Vol. 12, No. 1, Mar 1986. 25-45,
166-8 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
Recent
trends in the adequacy of food supplies in China are reviewed. The
author concludes that although improvements in food supply and
nutrition were minimal up to 1974, agricultural reforms since 1978 have
resulted in significant improvements. However, some considerable
inadequacies exist in certain regions. The prospects for future
improvements are considered.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:20651 USSR.
Ministerstvo Vysshego i Srednego Spetsial'nogo Obrazovaniya SSSR.
Nauchno-Tekhnicheskii Sovet. Sektsiya Narodonaseleniya (Moscow,
USSR). Population and the environment.
[Narodonaselenie i priroda.] Narodonaselenie, No. 46, 1984. 95 pp.
Finansy i Statistika: Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
This issue consists of
10 papers by different authors on issues concerning population and the
environment. Topics covered include biological means of increasing
life expectancy, the relationship between population and the rational
use of the environment, population policy, population growth and global
ecological issues, assessment of future demographic processes, and the
relationships among population density, land supply, and demographic
processes.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20652
Barkat-e-Khuda. Female employment in Bangladesh:
evidence from census and micro level studies. Demography India,
Vol. 14, No. 2, Jul-Dec 1985. 236-46 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
The
author presents some findings about female employment in Bangladesh
based on 1974 census data and points out "some of the weaknesses in the
census approaches adopted in the measurement of female labour force
that lead to a gross underreporting of female workers. On the basis of
evidence from several micro level studies...[he] attempts to examine
briefly the relative contribution of women to the household
economy."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20653 Bartlett,
Will. Unemployment, migration and industrialization in
Yugoslavia, 1958-1982. EUI Working Paper, No. 90, Feb 1984. 39 pp.
European University Institute, Department of Economics: Florence,
Italy. In Eng.
High levels of unemployment and emigration in
Yugoslavia during the years since World War II are examined. "In
section 1 the conventional explanation of the Yugoslav unemployment
experience is discussed and criticized. In section 2 the basis of an
alternative approach is set out, and a formal model is developed in
section 3. In section 4 the empirical results are presented, and
conclusions are drawn in section 5."
It is observed that "in
Yugoslavia high rates of growth of urban labour demand, together with
over-protection of the industrial sector, a system of industrial
organization favourable to industrial labour, and 'urban bias'...in
investment policy, led to a consistently maintained gap between urban
and rural incomes. In this situation urban unemployment rose as
industrialization proceeded, even though it was modified somewhat by
opportunities for external migration."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
52:20654 Bloom,
David E.; Freeman, Richard B. The "youth problem": age or
generational crowding? Center for Population Studies Discussion
Paper, No. 86-3, May 1986. 60, [6] pp. Harvard University, Center for
Population Studies: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This paper
attempts to distinguish between two alternative views of the labor
market problems faced by young workers in a number of industrialized
countries in the 1970s and early 1980s. The first view is that the low
relative earnings and high unemployment rates experienced by these
workers were largely 'age' related....The second view is that the labor
market problems of recent youth cohorts are consequence of their large
size."
The authors analyze patterns of cohort size, earnings,
unemployment, and the occupational distribution of young workers in
selected OECD countries. Evidence is presented of earnings and
employment effects of cohort size in various countries. Differences
among countries in the timing and magnitude of the baby boom, the labor
market impact, and the absorption of young workers in a range of
industries are noted.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:20655 Hlukhanova,
H. L. Statistical characteristics of the post-retirement
age population employed in public production. [Statystychna
kharakterystyka zainyatosti naselennya pensiinoho viku u suspil'nomu
vyrobnytstvi.] Demohrafichni Doslidzhennya, No. 9, 1985. 64-70 pp.
Kiev, USSR. In Ukr. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
Characteristics of labor
force activity among the population of retirement age in the Ukrainian
SSR are examined. The focus is on the socioeconomic and demographic
factors that affect pensioners' productive
activity.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20656 Kruminya,
I. Levels and changes in the length of the economically
active life of the population. [Uroven' i dinamika
prodolzhitel'nosti ekonomicheski aktivnoi zhizni naseleniya.] Vestnik
Statistiki, No. 1, 1986. 17-21 pp. Moscow, USSR. In Rus.
Life
tables for the length of an individual's working life in the USSR are
presented using 1970 data for the Latvian
Republic.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20657 McMahon,
Patrick J. An international comparison of labor force
participation, 1977-84. Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 109, No. 5, May
1986. 3-12 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The labor force
participation rates and the ratios of employment and unemployment to
population in six countries for the years 1975 and 1984 are compared.
The author examines behaviorally and demographically induced changes in
the labor force in the United States, Japan, the Federal Republic of
Germany, Canada, Australia, and Sweden.
A marked contrast in the
job-creation capabilities of the United States and the other countries
is noted. It is observed that in Australia and West Germany in
particular, there were behaviorally induced declines in labor force
participation and substantial increases in unemployment to population
ratios, while "the United States experienced a large behaviorally
induced increase in the participation rate, accompanied by strong
growth in the employment ratio and a small decline in the
unemployment-population ratio....Modest falls in male participation
rates and enormous increases in female rates occurred in the United
States and to a lesser extent in the other
countries."
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
52:20658 Narain,
Vir. Marginal workers in India. Demography India,
Vol. 14, No. 2, Jul-Dec 1985. 227-35 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
Following a brief review of the definitions of worker used in the
Indian census, the author quantifies marginal workers by sex, rural or
urban area, and state. The relative importance of marginal workers in
the various sectors of the economy and the age pattern of the marginal
workers are considered.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
52:20659 Szentgali,
Tamas. Demographic analysis of the economic activity of
the population. [A nepesseg gazdasagi aktivitasanak demografiai
vizsgalata.] Statisztikai Szemle, Vol. 64, No. 1, Jan 1986. 22-33 pp.
Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
An analysis of
labor force trends in Hungary since World War II is presented. The
author examines the extent to which the increase in the number of
active earners is explained by changes in the numbers of the population
of working age and to what extent it is the result of an increasing
level of labor force participation. The analysis uses data from
censuses taken since 1945, and the findings are organized by
sex.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
52:20660 Valentei,
D. I. Population and forms of employment. [Naselenie
i formy zanyatosti.] Narodonaselenie, No. 49, 1985. 94 pp. Mysl':
Moscow, USSR. In Rus. with sum. in Eng.
This publication contains
12 papers by various Soviet authors concerning employment and labor
force issues in the USSR.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
